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Issue Information: Journal of Basic Microbiology. 5/2024 期刊信息:基础微生物学杂志》。5/2024
IF 3.1 4区 生物学 Q2 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202470042
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引用次数: 0
Ganoderma lucidum: Insights on host range, diagnosis, and management strategies 灵芝:关于宿主范围、诊断和管理策略的见解
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300769
Ashwani Kumari, Ashwani Tapwal, Neha Thakur

Forest ecosystems play an important role in upholding life on our planet. However, the onslaught of fungal pathogens like Ganoderma lucidum, poses a threat by decimating numerous tree species. G. lucidum identified as a root pathogen, causing root rot in numerous tree species of horticulture and forestry importance. The fungus initiates infection through basidiospores, which germinate and penetrate within roots and start to degrade lignocellulosic components of plant cells. Early-stage detection of G. lucidum, is challenging, while in advance stages, the wood undergoes softening and a loss of tensile strength, rendering the disease incurable. Hence, effective management of G. lucidum necessitates a pivotal role of disease diagnostic techniques, which are currently underutilized or inadequately accessible. Subsequent implementation of suitable control measures becomes imperative to thwart disease occurrence and mitigate its impact in early stages, thus preserving the vitality of forest ecosystems. This study provides comprehensive overview of G. lucidum, covering taxonomy, pathogenicity, disease cycle, diagnosis and effective control measures, which will be helpful in formulating effective diagnostic techniques for early management of root rot disease.

森林生态系统在维护地球生命方面发挥着重要作用。然而,灵芝等真菌病原体的侵袭造成了威胁,使众多树种灭绝。灵芝是一种根部病原体,会导致许多园艺和林业树种根部腐烂。真菌通过基生孢子开始感染,基生孢子在根部发芽并穿透根部,开始降解植物细胞中的木质纤维素成分。在早期阶段检测露孢褐斑病具有挑战性,而在后期阶段,木材会发生软化并失去抗拉强度,从而导致疾病无法治愈。因此,要想有效地防治褐斑病,病害诊断技术就必须发挥关键作用,而目前这些技术还没有得到充分利用,或者还不够普及。因此,必须采取适当的控制措施,在早期阶段阻止疾病的发生并减轻其影响,从而保护森林生态系统的活力。本研究全面概述了G. lucidum,包括分类、致病性、疾病周期、诊断和有效控制措施,这将有助于制定有效的诊断技术,以便对根腐病进行早期管理。
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引用次数: 0
Transcriptional regulation of the yersiniabactin receptor fyuA gene by the ferric uptake regulator in Klebsiella pneumoniae NTUH-K2044 肺炎克雷伯氏菌 NTUH-K2044 中铁吸收调节因子对 yersiniabactin 受体 fyuA 基因的转录调控
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-28 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400001
Qian Yu, Hailin Li, Ling Du, Lifei Shen, Jiaxue Zhang, Lingyue Yuan, Huang Yao, Hong Xiao, Qunhua Bai, Yan Jia, Jingfu Qiu, Yingli Li

The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is a global regulator that influences the expression of virulence genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bioinformatics analysis suggests Fur may involve in iron acquisition via the identified regulatory box upstream of the yersiniabactin receptor gene fyuA. To observe the impact of the gene fyuA on the virulence of K. pneumoniae, the gene fyuA knockout strain and complementation strain were constructed and then conducted a series of phenotypic experiments including chrome azurol S (CAS) detection, crystal violet staining, and wax moth virulence experiment. To examine the regulatory relationship between Fur and the gene fyuA, green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene fusion assay, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), gel migration assay (EMSA), and DNase I footprinting assay were used to clarify the regulatory mechanism of Fur on fyuA. CAS detection revealed that the gene fyuA could affect the generation of iron carriers in K. pneumoniae. Crystal violet staining experiment showed that fyuA could positively influence biofilm formation. Wax moth virulence experiment indicated that the deletion of the fyuA could weaken bacterial virulence. GFP reporter gene fusion experiment and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that Fur negatively regulated the expression of fyuA in iron-sufficient environment. EMSA experiment demonstrated that Fur could directly bind to the promoter region of fyuA, and DNase I footprinting assay further identified the specific binding site sequences. The study showed that Fur negatively regulated the transcriptional expression of fyuA by binding to upstream of the gene promoter region, and then affected the virulence of K. pneumoniae.

铁吸收调节因子(Fur)是一种影响肺炎克雷伯氏菌毒力基因表达的全局调节因子。生物信息学分析表明,Fur 可能通过耶氏双歧杆菌素受体基因 fyuA 上游的调节框参与铁的获取。为了观察基因 fyuA 对肺炎双球菌毒力的影响,研究人员构建了基因 fyuA 基因敲除菌株和互补菌株,并进行了一系列表型实验,包括铬偶氮呋喃 S(CAS)检测、结晶紫染色和蜡蛾毒力实验。为了研究Fur与基因fyuA之间的调控关系,采用了绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)报告基因融合实验、实时定量反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)、凝胶迁移实验(EMSA)和DNase I足印实验来阐明Fur对fyuA的调控机制。CAS 检测发现,fyuA 基因可影响肺炎双球菌中铁载体的生成。水晶紫染色实验表明,fyuA 能积极影响生物膜的形成。蜡蛾毒力实验表明,缺失 fyuA 可削弱细菌的毒力。GFP 报告基因融合实验和 RT-qPCR 分析表明,在铁充足的环境中,Fur 负向调控 fyuA 的表达。EMSA实验表明,Fur可直接与fyuA的启动子区域结合,DNase I足迹分析进一步确定了特异的结合位点序列。研究表明,Fur通过与基因启动子区上游结合,负向调控fyuA的转录表达,进而影响肺炎双球菌的毒力。
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引用次数: 0
Unique behavioral patterns of wandering colonies of Brevibacillus thermoruber on agar plates 在琼脂平板上游荡的热肠乳杆菌(Brevibacillus thermoruber)菌落的独特行为模式。
IF 3.1 4区 生物学 Q2 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400091
Kazuo Sakka, Masaki Kihira, Wataru Kuhara, Akihiro Mochida, Satoru Ogawa, Tetsuya Kimura, Makiko Sakka

Brevibacillus thermoruber strain Nabari cells grow as widely spreading dendritic colonies on reasoner's 2A-agar (1.5%) plates at around 55°C but as small motile colonies at 37°C. Motile colonies can be divided into colonies that move in straight or curved lines over long distances (wandering colonies), and colonies that rotate at a fixed location (rotating colonies). The addition of surfactant to the agar medium greatly increased the frequency of wandering colonies and facilitated the study of such colonies. The morphology of the wandering colonies varied: circular at the tip and pointed at the back, lemon-shaped with pointed ends, crescent-shaped, bullet-shaped, fish-like, and so on. A single colony may split into multiple colonies as it moves, or multiple colonies may merge into a single colony. The most surprising aspect of the movement of wandering colonies was that when a moving colony collides with another colony, it sometimes does not make a U-turn, but instead retreats straight back, as if bouncing back. The migration mechanisms of wandering colonies are discussed based on optical microscopic observations of swimming patterns of single cells in water and scanning electron microscopy of the arrangement of bacterial cells in wandering colonies.

在 55°C 左右的温度条件下,Brevibacillus thermoruber 菌株 Nabari 细胞在理化 2A-agar (1.5%)平板上生长为大面积扩散的树枝状菌落,而在 37°C 的温度条件下则生长为小的运动菌落。活动菌落可分为长距离直线或曲线移动的菌落(游荡菌落)和在固定位置旋转的菌落(旋转菌落)。在琼脂培养基中加入表面活性剂可大大增加游走菌落的出现频率,便于对这类菌落进行研究。游走菌落的形态各异:顶端圆形、背面尖形、柠檬形、两端尖形、新月形、子弹形、鱼形等。一个群落在移动过程中可能会分裂成多个群落,也可能多个群落合并成一个群落。游走型群落移动过程中最令人惊讶的一点是,当移动中的群落与另一个群落相撞时,它有时不会掉头,而是直接后退,就像反弹一样。根据光学显微镜对水中单细胞游动模式的观察和扫描电子显微镜对游荡菌落中细菌细胞排列的观察,讨论了游荡菌落的迁移机制。
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引用次数: 0
The critical role of residues Phe120 and Val161 of (2 R,3 R)‑2,3‑butanediol dehydrogenase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae as probed by molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis 分子对接和定点突变探测淋病奈瑟菌 (2 R,3 R)-2,3 丁二醇脱氢酶残基 Phe120 和 Val161 的关键作用
IF 3.1 4区 生物学 Q2 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-21 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300751
Xue Dong, Tingting Zhang, Chuanyue Gui, Shuping Fei, Haonan Xu, Jianrong Chang, Chaoqun Lian, Wanggang Tang

NAD+-dependent (2 R,3 R)‑2,3‑butanediol dehydrogenase (BDH) from Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NgBDH) is a representative member of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) superfamily. To date, little information is available on the substrate binding sites and catalytic residues of BDHs from this superfamily. In this work, according to molecular docking studies, we found that conserved residues Phe120 and Val161 form strong hydrophobic interactions with both (2 R,3 R)‑2,3‑butanediol (RR-BD) and meso-2,3‑butanediol (meso-BD) and that mutations of these residues to alanine or threonine impair substrate binding. To further evaluate the roles of these two residues, Phe120 and Val161 were mutated to alanine or threonine. Kinetic analysis revealed that, relative to those of wild type, the apparent KM values of the Phe120Ala mutant for RR-BD and meso-BD increased 36- and 369-fold, respectively; the catalytic efficiencies of this mutant with RR-BD and meso-BD decreased approximately 586- and 3528-fold, respectively; and the apparent KM values of the Val161Ala mutant for RR-BD and meso-BD increased 4- and 37-fold, respectively, the catalytic efficiencies of this mutant with RR-BD and meso-BD decreased approximately 3- and 28-fold, respectively. Additionally, the Val161Thr mutant slightly decreased catalytic efficiencies (twofold with RR-BD; 7.3-fold with meso-BD) due to an increase in KM (sixfold for RR-BD; 24-fold for meso-BD) and a slight increase (2.8-fold with RR-BD; 3.3-fold with meso-BD) in kcat. These findings validate the critical roles of Phe120 and Val161 of NgBDH in substrate binding and catalysis. Overall, the current study provides a better understanding of the substrate binding and catalysis of BDHs within the MDR superfamily.

来自淋病奈瑟菌(NgBDH)的依赖 NAD+ 的 (2 R,3 R)-2,3 丁二醇脱氢酶(BDH)是中链脱氢酶/还原酶(MDR)超家族的代表成员。迄今为止,关于该超家族 BDH 的底物结合位点和催化残基的信息还很少。在这项工作中,根据分子对接研究,我们发现保守残基 Phe120 和 Val161 与(2 R,3 R)-2,3-丁二醇(RR-BD)和介-2,3-丁二醇(meso-BD)形成强烈的疏水相互作用,并且将这些残基突变为丙氨酸或苏氨酸会损害底物结合。为了进一步评估这两个残基的作用,将 Phe120 和 Val161 突变为丙氨酸或苏氨酸。动力学分析表明,与野生型相比,Phe120Ala 突变体对 RR-BD 和 meso-BD 的表观 KM 值分别增加了 36 倍和 369 倍;该突变体对 RR-BD 和 meso-BD 的催化效率分别降低了约 586 倍和 3528 倍;而 Val161Ala 突变体对 RR-BD 和 meso-BD 的表观 KM 值分别增加了 4 倍和 37 倍,该突变体对 RR-BD 和 meso-BD 的催化效率分别降低了约 3 倍和 28 倍。此外,Val161Thr 突变体略微降低了催化效率(RR-BD 为 2 倍;meso-BD 为 7.3 倍),原因是 KM 增加(RR-BD 为 6 倍;meso-BD 为 24 倍),kcat 略微增加(RR-BD 为 2.8 倍;meso-BD 为 3.3 倍)。这些发现验证了 NgBDH 的 Phe120 和 Val161 在底物结合和催化中的关键作用。总之,目前的研究使人们对 MDR 超家族中 BDH 的底物结合和催化作用有了更好的了解。
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引用次数: 0
Association between hepatitis C virus genotype 4 and renal cell carcinoma: Molecular and virological studies 丙型肝炎病毒基因 4 型与肾细胞癌的关系:分子和病毒学研究
IF 3.1 4区 生物学 Q2 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300279
Asmaa E. Ahmed, Hassan Abol-enein, Adel A. El-Morsi, Ahmed S. El-Hefnawy, Ashraf A. Elsayed, Sherry Khater, Abdelwahab Hashem, Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri, Samia A. Haroun, Ahmed A. Shokeir, Amira Awadalla

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common infection worldwide. The correlation between HCV and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still mysterious. Therefore, the relationship between HCV and RCC was investigated. The study included 100 patients with RCC; 32 with HCV infection, and 68 without HCV infection. Expressions of viral proteins (NS3 and NS5A) were tested using an immune electron-microscope (IEM) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC and quantitative real time-PCR investigated the presentation of human proteins TP53 and p21 genes. Transmission electron (TEM) detected viral-like particles in infected RCC tissues. The gene and protein expression of P53 was higher in HCV positive versus HCV negative patients and p21 was lower in HCV positive versus HCV negative in both tumor and normal tissue samples. Viral like particles were observed by TEM in the infected tumor and normal portion of the RCC tissues and the plasma samples. The IEM showed the depositions of NS3 and NS5A in infected renal tissues, while in noninfected samples, were not observed. The study hypothesizes that a correlation between HCV and RCC could exist through successfully detecting HCV-like particles, HCV proteins, and (p53 and p21) in RCC-infected patients.

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是全球最常见的感染病。HCV 与肾细胞癌(RCC)之间的相关性仍是一个谜。因此,研究人员对 HCV 与 RCC 之间的关系进行了调查。研究纳入了 100 例 RCC 患者,其中 32 例感染了 HCV,68 例未感染 HCV。使用免疫电子显微镜(IEM)和免疫组织化学(IHC)检测了病毒蛋白(NS3 和 NS5A)的表达。IHC和定量实时PCR检测了人类蛋白质TP53和p21基因的表达。透射电子显微镜(TEM)检测了受感染 RCC 组织中的病毒样颗粒。在肿瘤和正常组织样本中,HCV 阳性患者的 P53 基因和蛋白表达高于 HCV 阴性患者,HCV 阳性患者的 p21 基因和蛋白表达低于 HCV 阴性患者。在受感染的肿瘤和 RCC 组织的正常部分以及血浆样本中,TEM 观察到了类似病毒的颗粒。IEM 显示,在感染的肾组织中存在 NS3 和 NS5A,而在未感染的样本中则未观察到。研究假设,通过成功检测 RCC 感染者体内的 HCV 样颗粒、HCV 蛋白和(p53 和 p21),HCV 与 RCC 之间可能存在相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Cover: Journal of Basic Microbiology. 4/2024 封面:基础微生物学杂志》。4/2024
IF 3.1 4区 生物学 Q2 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202470031

Cover illustration:

The causal agent of pitch canker, Fusarium circinatum, forms microcolonies secreting extracellular matrix components during biofilm formation.

(Photo: Francinah M Ratsoma, University of Pretoria, South Africa)

封面插图:沥青腐烂病的病原体 Fusarium circinatum 在生物膜形成过程中会形成微菌落,分泌细胞外基质成分。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic diversity and population structure of Fusarium udum in India and its correlation with pigeonpea wilt incidence 印度镰刀菌的遗传多样性和种群结构及其与鸽子豆枯萎病发病率的相关性
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300682
Beerelli Deepak Reddy, Birendra Kumar, Sangita Sahni, Gummudala Yashaswini, Somala Karthik, Morthala Shankara Sai Reddy, Rajeev Kumar, Udayan Mukherjee

In a study conducted in India, 50 Fusarium isolates were collected from pigeonpea growing regions and extensively examined for their cultural and morphological characteristics. These isolates exhibited significant variations in traits including growth rate, mycelial growth patterns, color, zonation, pigmentation, spore size, and septation. Subsequently, 30 isolates were chosen for pathogenicity testing on eight pigeonpea genotypes. Results showed distinct reactions, with four genotypes displaying differential responses (ICP8858, ICP8859, ICP8862, and BDN-2), while ICP9174 and ICP8863 consistently exhibited resistance and ICP2376 and BAHAR remained susceptible to wilt disease. To study the interaction between Fusarium isolates and pigeonpea host differentials (HDs), an additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis was conducted. The majority of disease incidence variation (75.54%) was attributed to HD effects, while Fusarium isolate effects accounted for only 1.99%. The interaction between Isolates and HDs (I × HD) contributed 21.95% to the total variation, being smaller than HD but larger than I. Based on HD reactions, isolates were classified into nine variants, showing varying distributions across pigeonpea growing states, with variants 2 and 3 being prevalent in several regions. This diversity underscores the need for location-specific wilt-resistant pigeonpea cultivars. Furthermore, genetic analysis of 23 representative isolates, through internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequencing, revealed three major clusters: Fusarium udum, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium equiseti. These findings hold potential for developing location-specific wilt-resistant pigeonpea cultivars and enhancing disease management strategies.

在印度进行的一项研究中,从鸽子豆种植区收集了 50 个镰刀菌分离物,并对其文化和形态特征进行了广泛研究。这些分离物在生长速度、菌丝生长模式、颜色、分带、色素沉着、孢子大小和隔膜等性状上表现出明显的差异。随后,选择了 30 个分离株对 8 个鸽子豆基因型进行致病性测试。结果显示了不同的反应,其中四个基因型(ICP8858、ICP8859、ICP8862 和 BDN-2)表现出不同的反应,而 ICP9174 和 ICP8863 始终表现出抗性,ICP2376 和 BAHAR 对枯萎病仍然易感。为了研究镰刀菌分离物与鸽子豆寄主差异(HDs)之间的交互作用,进行了加性主效应和乘性交互作用分析。大部分病害发生率的变化(75.54%)归因于 HD 的影响,而镰刀菌分离株的影响仅占 1.99%。分离株与 HD 之间的交互作用(I × HD)占总变异的 21.95%,小于 HD,但大于 I。根据 HD 反应,分离株被分为 9 个变异株,在鸽子豆种植州的分布各不相同,其中变异株 2 和 3 在几个地区很普遍。这种多样性突出表明,有必要培育针对特定地区的抗枯萎病鸽子豆栽培品种。此外,通过核糖体 DNA 内部转录间隔区和翻译伸长因子 1-α 基因测序对 23 个代表性分离物进行遗传分析,发现了三个主要群集:Fusarium udum、Fusarium solani 和 Fusarium equiseti。这些发现为开发特定地点的抗枯萎病鸽子豆栽培品种和加强病害管理策略提供了潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Issue Information: Journal of Basic Microbiology. 4/2024 期刊信息:基础微生物学杂志》。4/2024
IF 3.1 4区 生物学 Q2 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202470032
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引用次数: 0
Salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas atacamensis KSS-6 in combination with organic manure enhances rice yield, improves nutrient content and soil properties under salinity stress 耐盐植物生长促进假单胞菌 Atacamensis KSS-6 与有机肥料结合使用可提高水稻产量,改善盐分胁迫下的养分含量和土壤特性
IF 3.1 4区 生物学 Q2 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300767
Naveen K. Arora, Jitendra Mishra, Pradyumna Singh, Tahmish Fatima

In the current study salt tolerant-plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (ST-PGPR) Pseudomonas atacamensis KSS-6, selected on the basis of prominent plant growth-promoting (PGP) and stress tolerance properties was tested as bioinoculant to improve yield of rice grown in saline soil. The ST-PGPR KSS-6 was capable of maintaining the PGP traits up to 200 mM NaCl, however, higher salt stress conditions affected these activities. The study was designed to determine the effect of developed talc-based bioformulation using KSS-6 along with organic manure (OM) on growth and yield of paddy under saline conditions. Bioformulation broadcasting was also done to examine the effect on soil properties. It was found that the combinatorial treatment showed positive impact on growth and yield of rice under saline conditions. Co-application of KSS-6 with OM showed maximum increment in growth, chlorophyll content, plant fresh weight, and dry weight as compared to untreated control plants. Furthermore, the combinatorial treatment improved the nutrient content (P, K, Zn, Fe, Mg, and Mn) by more than 35% and enhanced the biochemical parameters such as proline, flavonoids, carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber, and antioxidant content of rice grains by more than 32%. Soil parameters including pH and electrical conductivity (EC), moisture content, total organic carbon, OM, sodium, and chloride ions were also improved upon treatment. There was significant lowering of EC from 7.43 to 4.3 dS/m when combination of OM and bacteria were applied. These findings suggest that the application of KSS-6 in the form of bioinoculant could be a promising strategy to mitigate negative impacts of salt stress and enhance the yield and nutritional properties of rice grown in degraded and saline soil.

在当前的研究中,测试了耐盐植物生长促进根瘤菌(ST-PGPR)Pseudomonas atacamensis KSS-6,该根瘤菌具有突出的植物生长促进(PGP)和抗逆特性,可作为生物接种剂提高盐碱土壤中水稻的产量。ST-PGPR KSS-6 在 200 mM NaCl 下仍能保持 PGP 特性,但在较高的盐胁迫条件下,这些活性会受到影响。本研究旨在确定使用 KSS-6 和有机肥(OM)开发的滑石基生物配方对盐碱条件下稻谷生长和产量的影响。此外,还对生物配方进行了广播,以检查其对土壤特性的影响。结果发现,组合处理对盐碱条件下水稻的生长和产量有积极影响。与未处理的对照植物相比,同时施用 KSS-6 和 OM 的植物在生长、叶绿素含量、植株鲜重和干重方面的增幅最大。此外,组合处理还提高了养分含量(P、K、Zn、Fe、Mg 和 Mn)35% 以上,并提高了脯氨酸、类黄酮、碳水化合物、蛋白质、膳食纤维和抗氧化剂含量等生化参数 32% 以上。土壤参数,包括 pH 值和导电率(EC)、含水量、总有机碳、OM、钠离子和氯离子也在处理后得到改善。结合施用有机物和细菌后,导电率从 7.43 降至 4.3 dS/m。这些研究结果表明,以生物接种剂的形式施用 KSS-6 是一种很有前景的策略,可以减轻盐胁迫的负面影响,提高在退化和盐碱土壤中生长的水稻的产量和营养特性。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Basic Microbiology
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