Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.534
Nor Adzimah Johdi, Hanif Zulkhairi Mohd Said, M. M. Idris, N. Ismail, W. Fariza, W. Jamaludin, S. Wahid
Cytokines are small proteins that mediate and regulate immunity. They are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancers. The concentration of these proteins in biological fluids (serum or plasma) and tissues in diseases may suggest pathway activation that leads to inflammatory response or disease progression. Therefore, these cytokines may be useful as a tool for screening, diagnosis classification between stages of disease or surveillance for therapy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and bioassay have been used as a gold standard in cytokine level measurements in clinical practice. However, these methods allow only single cytokine detection at a time and ineffective for screening purposes. Hence, the innovation of multiplexing technology allows measurement of many of these soluble proteins simultaneously, thus allowing rapid, cost-effective and better efficiency by using a minute amount of sample. In this study, we explored the profiles of key inflammatory cytokines from the serum derived from diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, n =11) and healthy volunteers (N, n =11) using multiplexed bead-based immunoassays. We aimed to evaluate if the levels of these cytokines are significantly different in these two groups and explore the possible application of the cytokine as biomarkers in early-stage screening and/or surveillance. Our results show a significantly high level of IL-17A, IL-10 and IL-6 in DLBCL-derived serum compared to n-derived serum. These preliminary results were obtained from a small sample size and could be further validated with a larger sample size cohort to produce a panel of biomarkers for DLBCL. Our findings might be useful in developing a disease-specific panel for biomarker screening assay. This could be used for early diagnosis and/or treatment surveillance.
细胞因子是介导和调节免疫的小蛋白质。它们与包括癌症在内的许多疾病的发病机制有关。这些蛋白在生物体液(血清或血浆)和疾病组织中的浓度可能提示导致炎症反应或疾病进展的途径激活。因此，这些细胞因子可能是有用的筛选工具，诊断分类之间的疾病阶段或监测治疗。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和生物测定法已被用作临床实践中细胞因子水平测量的金标准。然而，这些方法一次只能检测一种细胞因子，对筛选目的无效。因此，多路复用技术的创新允许同时测量许多这些可溶性蛋白质，从而通过使用微量样品实现快速，经济高效和更高的效率。在这项研究中，我们利用多路头颅免疫分析法研究了来自弥漫性大b细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL, n =11)和健康志愿者(n =11)的血清中关键炎症因子的特征。我们的目的是评估这些细胞因子的水平在这两组中是否有显著差异，并探索细胞因子作为生物标志物在早期筛查和/或监测中的可能应用。结果显示，与n源性血清相比，dlbcl源性血清中IL-17A、IL-10和IL-6水平显著升高。这些初步结果来自一个小样本量，可以通过更大样本量的队列进一步验证，以产生一组DLBCL的生物标志物。我们的发现可能有助于开发用于生物标志物筛选试验的疾病特异性面板。这可用于早期诊断和/或治疗监测。
{"title":"Cytokine Profiling as A Potential Biomarker in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma","authors":"Nor Adzimah Johdi, Hanif Zulkhairi Mohd Said, M. M. Idris, N. Ismail, W. Fariza, W. Jamaludin, S. Wahid","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.534","url":null,"abstract":"Cytokines are small proteins that mediate and regulate immunity. They are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancers. The concentration of these proteins in biological fluids (serum or plasma) and tissues in diseases may suggest pathway activation that leads to inflammatory response or disease progression. Therefore, these cytokines may be useful as a tool for screening, diagnosis classification between stages of disease or surveillance for therapy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and bioassay have been used as a gold standard in cytokine level measurements in clinical practice. However, these methods allow only single cytokine detection at a time and ineffective for screening purposes. Hence, the innovation of multiplexing technology allows measurement of many of these soluble proteins simultaneously, thus allowing rapid, cost-effective and better efficiency by using a minute amount of sample. In this study, we explored the profiles of key inflammatory cytokines from the serum derived from diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, n =11) and healthy volunteers (N, n =11) using multiplexed bead-based immunoassays. We aimed to evaluate if the levels of these cytokines are significantly different in these two groups and explore the possible application of the cytokine as biomarkers in early-stage screening and/or surveillance. Our results show a significantly high level of IL-17A, IL-10 and IL-6 in DLBCL-derived serum compared to n-derived serum. These preliminary results were obtained from a small sample size and could be further validated with a larger sample size cohort to produce a panel of biomarkers for DLBCL. Our findings might be useful in developing a disease-specific panel for biomarker screening assay. This could be used for early diagnosis and/or treatment surveillance.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75561142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Groundwater is sometimes considered as the cleanest form of water available to Nigerians. A total of two hundred water samples (10 from each of the 20 cities) were analyzed for the presence of coliform bacteria as an indicator of water quality. The mean coliform viable counts, aerobic mesophilic bacterial count as well as a biochemical test were conducted. Based on the result obtained, seven cities were found to contain coliform count above the acceptable limit of the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. Escherichia coli was also found in water samples of four cities. Presence of faecal coliform is an indication of faecal contamination of any drinking water which can be due to leakage of pipes from the main source. Efforts need to be intensified in the monitoring of activities in this rapidly expanding industry with a view to raising standards.
{"title":"Assessment of Coliform Bacteria as Indicator of Water Quality in Jigawa State Nigeria","authors":"Naima Suleiman Lawan, A. Yakubu, Zainab Jamil Abdulsalam, Nuhu Danladi Zandam","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.542","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is sometimes considered as the cleanest form of water available to Nigerians. A total of two hundred water samples (10 from each of the 20 cities) were analyzed for the presence of coliform bacteria as an indicator of water quality. The mean coliform viable counts, aerobic mesophilic bacterial count as well as a biochemical test were conducted. Based on the result obtained, seven cities were found to contain coliform count above the acceptable limit of the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. Escherichia coli was also found in water samples of four cities. Presence of faecal coliform is an indication of faecal contamination of any drinking water which can be due to leakage of pipes from the main source. Efforts need to be intensified in the monitoring of activities in this rapidly expanding industry with a view to raising standards. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89512477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.540
G. Uba, M. A. Ginsau, K. M. Aujara
Biofilm formation is a process by which microorganisms irreversibly bind to and grow on a surface and create extracellular polymers that promote the formation of attachments and matrixes, resulting in a change in the organisms' phenotype in terms of growth rate and transcription of genes. A. philippense is a fern with many curative properties that is medicinally treasured. Predictive mathematical modeling approach was used to study adhesion of S. aureus with biofilm. Out of the eight different primary model, modified Gompertz best fit the effect of the plant extract on the biofilm formation and adhesion with S. aureus with the least value for RMSE, AICc and the uppermost value for adjusted R2. The parameters obtained from the modified Gompertz when compared with control and chloramphenicol were ymax 0.980 (95% C.I. 0.889 to 1.070) and 0.637 (95% C.I. 0.604 to 0.670), umax 0.185 (95% C.I. 0.120 to 0.250) and 0.183 (95% C.I. 0.141 to 0.225), lag (h) 0.180 (95% C.I. -0.764 to 1.124) and 3.343 (95% C.I. 2.933 to 3.753) respectively. A strong model to use to fit sigmoidal growth or formation curves tends to be the modified Gompertz equation. The benefit of using this function is that a constant formation rate is not assumed by the Gompertz equation. Instead, it is a model that can be used to model rates of formation (of biofilm) that change over time. Keywords
{"title":"Biofilm Formation, Adhesion with Staphylococcus aureus Against Food Borne Pathogen: A Mathematical Modeling on the Effects of Adiantum phillippense","authors":"G. Uba, M. A. Ginsau, K. M. Aujara","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.540","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilm formation is a process by which microorganisms irreversibly bind to and grow on a surface and create extracellular polymers that promote the formation of attachments and matrixes, resulting in a change in the organisms' phenotype in terms of growth rate and transcription of genes. A. philippense is a fern with many curative properties that is medicinally treasured. Predictive mathematical modeling approach was used to study adhesion of S. aureus with biofilm. Out of the eight different primary model, modified Gompertz best fit the effect of the plant extract on the biofilm formation and adhesion with S. aureus with the least value for RMSE, AICc and the uppermost value for adjusted R2. The parameters obtained from the modified Gompertz when compared with control and chloramphenicol were ymax 0.980 (95% C.I. 0.889 to 1.070) and 0.637 (95% C.I. 0.604 to 0.670), umax 0.185 (95% C.I. 0.120 to 0.250) and 0.183 (95% C.I. 0.141 to 0.225), lag (h) 0.180 (95% C.I. -0.764 to 1.124) and 3.343 (95% C.I. 2.933 to 3.753) respectively. A strong model to use to fit sigmoidal growth or formation curves tends to be the modified Gompertz equation. The benefit of using this function is that a constant formation rate is not assumed by the Gompertz equation. Instead, it is a model that can be used to model rates of formation (of biofilm) that change over time. \u0000Keywords","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81519866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.536
Juman Nafea, Harisun Yaakub, M. Edbeib, K. Notarte, S. Mohammed, F. Huyop
Commercially available mouthwash formulations are often medicated and contain chemicals that may elicit adverse effects to the users. A mouthwash may be recommended for its efficacy in preventing dental caries and other oral conditions due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Therefore, it is essential to raise awareness in selecting for an appropriate mouthwash that is safe to be applied to the oral cavity and its natural microflora. The interest towards the incorporation of herbal ingredients in oral products has been increasing exponentially over the years. The main objective of this review is to highlight our consumption of food and herbal products, such as Aleppo oak, clove and turmeric, that contain medicinal properties and have the potential to be developed as key components in mouthwash formulations. Thus, reliance on the use of chemicals may lessen as they could have a negative impact to one’s oral health.
{"title":"Formulation of Antibacterial Mouthwash from Local Herbs: A Mini-Review","authors":"Juman Nafea, Harisun Yaakub, M. Edbeib, K. Notarte, S. Mohammed, F. Huyop","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.536","url":null,"abstract":"Commercially available mouthwash formulations are often medicated and contain chemicals that may elicit adverse effects to the users. A mouthwash may be recommended for its efficacy in preventing dental caries and other oral conditions due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Therefore, it is essential to raise awareness in selecting for an appropriate mouthwash that is safe to be applied to the oral cavity and its natural microflora. The interest towards the incorporation of herbal ingredients in oral products has been increasing exponentially over the years. The main objective of this review is to highlight our consumption of food and herbal products, such as Aleppo oak, clove and turmeric, that contain medicinal properties and have the potential to be developed as key components in mouthwash formulations. Thus, reliance on the use of chemicals may lessen as they could have a negative impact to one’s oral health.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88543764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.539
RA Ummu Rabi’u, Haruna Sa’idu, H. Labaran, Salau Abiola Olanrewaju, M. Muntari, S. Ibrahim
The use of plant and their secondary metabolite for the treatment of several illnesses is gaining attention across the globe. For this reason, baobab tree was procured in order to test its effect on some bacterial isolate. Powdered stem bark of Adansonia digitata was extracted with chloroform and methanol using percolation method of extraction. The extracts were dark brown and reddish brown in color respectively with a gummy texture. The chloroform and methanolic extracts were screened from the presence of secondary metabolites using standard technique. The result of photochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, reducing sugar and steroid in one or both the extracts. The extracts were further tested, on confirmed clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus using disc diffusion method and micro – broth dilution technique. The result of sensitivity test indicated that the tested clinical isolates were more sensitive to chloroform extract than the methanolic extract because larger zones of inhibitions were obtained with chloroform extract. In both methods used, the organisms were susceptible to all extracts even at the lowest concentration of 15 ïg with zones of inhibitions ranging from (8 – 10 mm).
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark of Baobab Tree (Adonsonia digitata) on some clinical isolate","authors":"RA Ummu Rabi’u, Haruna Sa’idu, H. Labaran, Salau Abiola Olanrewaju, M. Muntari, S. Ibrahim","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.539","url":null,"abstract":"The use of plant and their secondary metabolite for the treatment of several illnesses is gaining attention across the globe. For this reason, baobab tree was procured in order to test its effect on some bacterial isolate. Powdered stem bark of Adansonia digitata was extracted with chloroform and methanol using percolation method of extraction. The extracts were dark brown and reddish brown in color respectively with a gummy texture. The chloroform and methanolic extracts were screened from the presence of secondary metabolites using standard technique. The result of photochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, reducing sugar and steroid in one or both the extracts. The extracts were further tested, on confirmed clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus using disc diffusion method and micro – broth dilution technique. The result of sensitivity test indicated that the tested clinical isolates were more sensitive to chloroform extract than the methanolic extract because larger zones of inhibitions were obtained with chloroform extract. In both methods used, the organisms were susceptible to all extracts even at the lowest concentration of 15 ïg with zones of inhibitions ranging from (8 – 10 mm).","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82535540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.537
W. Loke, H. Saud
Electroduction is a fast, simple and very efficient transformation method with a wider range of bacteria strains which involved physical process by exposing to high electricity. A successful transfer of a 21.6 kb cosmid vector pLAFR1 into Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 and Chromobacterium violaceum was achieved with the maximum efficiency of about 35 X 102 and 24 X 102 transformants, respectively, at the electrical field strength of 5kV/cm with longer pulse length range between 8.3 and 8.5 milliseconds. Doubling the pulse length and a decrease or increase in the electrical field strength of 5kV/cm resulted in a reduction in the total number of transformants. The electroduction parameters were very important to make this transformation method works efficiently.
{"title":"Electroduction on Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 and Chromobacterium violaceum","authors":"W. Loke, H. Saud","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.537","url":null,"abstract":"Electroduction is a fast, simple and very efficient transformation method with a wider range of bacteria strains which involved physical process by exposing to high electricity. A successful transfer of a 21.6 kb cosmid vector pLAFR1 into Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 and Chromobacterium violaceum was achieved with the maximum efficiency of about 35 X 102 and 24 X 102 transformants, respectively, at the electrical field strength of 5kV/cm with longer pulse length range between 8.3 and 8.5 milliseconds. Doubling the pulse length and a decrease or increase in the electrical field strength of 5kV/cm resulted in a reduction in the total number of transformants. The electroduction parameters were very important to make this transformation method works efficiently.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75315409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.538
Haruna Sa’idu, H. Ahmad, Salau Abiola Olanrewaju, A. Mahmoud
High rate of multi drug resistance bacteria caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is increasing day by day, which in turn becomes medical and economic important to humans. The present study investigates the antibacterial effect of bitter leaf on Klebsiella pneumoniae. Frothing test and agar well diffusion method was used in this study. The former method indicate the presence of phytochemicals such saponin, tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid and carbohydrate in the plant while the later method indicate the potential effect of the plant extract to inhibit the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae under different concentration ranging 2.5, 5, 10 20 mg/mL. The various zones of inhibition obtained under these concentrations were 0.0±0, 7±0.8, 11±0.6 and 14.00±1.3 mm, respectively. The highest zone of inhibition recorded was 26.00±2.3 mm using control experiment whereby no activity was obtained using 2.5 mg/mL plant extract. Thus, increase in the concentrations of extract was found to inhibit the growth of the bacteria under study. This research reports the potential effect of Vernonia amygdalina on the activity of K. pneumoniae.
{"title":"Antibacterial Effect of Bitter Leave (Vernonia amygdalina) on Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"Haruna Sa’idu, H. Ahmad, Salau Abiola Olanrewaju, A. Mahmoud","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.538","url":null,"abstract":"High rate of multi drug resistance bacteria caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is increasing day by day, which in turn becomes medical and economic important to humans. The present study investigates the antibacterial effect of bitter leaf on Klebsiella pneumoniae. Frothing test and agar well diffusion method was used in this study. The former method indicate the presence of phytochemicals such saponin, tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid and carbohydrate in the plant while the later method indicate the potential effect of the plant extract to inhibit the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae under different concentration ranging 2.5, 5, 10 20 mg/mL. The various zones of inhibition obtained under these concentrations were 0.0±0, 7±0.8, 11±0.6 and 14.00±1.3 mm, respectively. The highest zone of inhibition recorded was 26.00±2.3 mm using control experiment whereby no activity was obtained using 2.5 mg/mL plant extract. Thus, increase in the concentrations of extract was found to inhibit the growth of the bacteria under study. This research reports the potential effect of Vernonia amygdalina on the activity of K. pneumoniae.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90343481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v8i1.508
Salihu Yahuza, Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya, I. Sabo
Although standard, the use of linearization techniques using natural logarithm transformation is erroneous and can only give an estimated value for the measured parameter; the specific growth rate. For the first time, in this paper, we present different kinetic models such as Von Bertalanffy, Baranyi-Roberts, modified Schnute, modified Richards, modified Gompertz, modified Logistics and most recent Huang were employed to obtain values for the above constants or parameters from Enterobacter sp. growth on polyethylene. Huang model was found to be the best model with the highest adjusted R2 value and lowest RMSE value. The Accuracy and Bias Factors values were close to unity (1.0). The Huang parameters such as Ymax (bacterial growth upper asymptote), λ (lag time), µmax (maximum specific bacterial growth rate) and A or Y0 (bacterial growth lower asymptote) were found to be 1.367 (95% confidence interval of 1.322 - 1.412), 2.683 (95% confidence interval of 2.030 - 3.337), 0.322 (95% confidence interval of 0.252 - 0.392) and 0.324 (95% confidence interval of 0.278 - 0.370).
{"title":"Modelling the Growth of Enterobacter sp. on Polyethylene","authors":"Salihu Yahuza, Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya, I. Sabo","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v8i1.508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v8i1.508","url":null,"abstract":"Although standard, the use of linearization techniques using natural logarithm transformation is erroneous and can only give an estimated value for the measured parameter; the specific growth rate. For the first time, in this paper, we present different kinetic models such as Von Bertalanffy, Baranyi-Roberts, modified Schnute, modified Richards, modified Gompertz, modified Logistics and most recent Huang were employed to obtain values for the above constants or parameters from Enterobacter sp. growth on polyethylene. Huang model was found to be the best model with the highest adjusted R2 value and lowest RMSE value. The Accuracy and Bias Factors values were close to unity (1.0). The Huang parameters such as Ymax (bacterial growth upper asymptote), λ (lag time), µmax (maximum specific bacterial growth rate) and A or Y0 (bacterial growth lower asymptote) were found to be 1.367 (95% confidence interval of 1.322 - 1.412), 2.683 (95% confidence interval of 2.030 - 3.337), 0.322 (95% confidence interval of 0.252 - 0.392) and 0.324 (95% confidence interval of 0.278 - 0.370).","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81910144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v8i1.504
Idris Abdulrahman, Amina Aliyu Danbaba, G. Uba
Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus that contaminate food products such as cereals leading to serious health and economic consequences. In order to assess the level of fungal contaminants and the presence of aflatoxins in such products, five (5) different cereal samples comprising of rice, maize, millet, wheat and sorghum were purchased each from two major markets within Kaduna metropolis. The samples were assessed for fungal contaminants using ten-fold serial dilution and cultured appropriate dilutions using pour-plate technique. Aflatoxins were detected using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results obtained revealed viable fungal counts ranging from 3 x 102 to 3.2 x 103 cfu/g. The fungal contaminants identified from the samples include Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus fumigatus. The aflatoxins detected from the samples were within the range of 0.3 to 0.6 part per billion (ppb) which is less than the maximum value (10ppb) recommended by regulatory agencies such as NAFDAC. This indicates that the level of aflatoxin in the samples has insignificant risks to consumers. However, the fungal contamination is an indication of high-level contamination of the cereals, the key producers of aflatoxins. The contamination of such products by fungi should be a source of worry and necessitates the need for proper personal and environmental hygiene in the processing of cereals.
{"title":"Assessment of Cereals for Fungal Contaminants and Presence of Aflatoxins from Two Major Markets in Kaduna Metropolis","authors":"Idris Abdulrahman, Amina Aliyu Danbaba, G. Uba","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v8i1.504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v8i1.504","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus that contaminate food products such as cereals leading to serious health and economic consequences. In order to assess the level of fungal contaminants and the presence of aflatoxins in such products, five (5) different cereal samples comprising of rice, maize, millet, wheat and sorghum were purchased each from two major markets within Kaduna metropolis. The samples were assessed for fungal contaminants using ten-fold serial dilution and cultured appropriate dilutions using pour-plate technique. Aflatoxins were detected using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results obtained revealed viable fungal counts ranging from 3 x 102 to 3.2 x 103 cfu/g. The fungal contaminants identified from the samples include Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus fumigatus. The aflatoxins detected from the samples were within the range of 0.3 to 0.6 part per billion (ppb) which is less than the maximum value (10ppb) recommended by regulatory agencies such as NAFDAC. This indicates that the level of aflatoxin in the samples has insignificant risks to consumers. However, the fungal contamination is an indication of high-level contamination of the cereals, the key producers of aflatoxins. The contamination of such products by fungi should be a source of worry and necessitates the need for proper personal and environmental hygiene in the processing of cereals.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83321357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v8i1.507
Abubakar Aisami, M. M. Usman
Kinetic equations, which explain the behaviour of a microbe or an enzyme towards a specific substrate, are key to understanding many phenomena in biotechnological processes. They facilitate the mathematical prediction of growth parameters essential for the identification of key growth control parameters. We remodelled Banerjee and Ghoshal's published research (Banerjee and Ghoshal 2010) using some more kinetic growth models, such as Monod, Teissier, Andrews and Noack, Hinshelwood, Moser, Aiba, Webb (Edward), Yano and Koga, Han and Levenspiel and Luong used statistical methods such as Root Mean Square (RMSE), Adjusted Coefficient of Determination ( R2), corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc), Bias Factor, Accuracy Factor to determine the accuracy of the fitted model. The best model was Haldane with the true value of ïmax determined as the value where the gradient for the slope is zero was 0.115 h-1 at 51 mg/L phenol. The results indicate that the exhaustive use of mathematical models on available published results could gleam new optimal models that can provide new knowledge on the way toxic substance inhibits growth rate in microbes.
{"title":"Utilization of Comprehensive Mathematical Modelling to Evaluate the Growth Kinetics of Pseudomonas putida LY1 on Phenol","authors":"Abubakar Aisami, M. M. Usman","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v8i1.507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v8i1.507","url":null,"abstract":"Kinetic equations, which explain the behaviour of a microbe or an enzyme towards a specific substrate, are key to understanding many phenomena in biotechnological processes. They facilitate the mathematical prediction of growth parameters essential for the identification of key growth control parameters. We remodelled Banerjee and Ghoshal's published research (Banerjee and Ghoshal 2010) using some more kinetic growth models, such as Monod, Teissier, Andrews and Noack, Hinshelwood, Moser, Aiba, Webb (Edward), Yano and Koga, Han and Levenspiel and Luong used statistical methods such as Root Mean Square (RMSE), Adjusted Coefficient of Determination ( R2), corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc), Bias Factor, Accuracy Factor to determine the accuracy of the fitted model. The best model was Haldane with the true value of ïmax determined as the value where the gradient for the slope is zero was 0.115 h-1 at 51 mg/L phenol. The results indicate that the exhaustive use of mathematical models on available published results could gleam new optimal models that can provide new knowledge on the way toxic substance inhibits growth rate in microbes.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87438758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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