Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101243
Aqsa Zarin Khan , Jibi Varghese , Chandrakumar Deshmukh , Prashant Khade , Sana Khanam Mirza , Manna Mathew
Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD), formerly known as Dysthymia, is a chronic and enduring form of depression. In contemporary society, the pressures of modern lifestyles, pervasive feelings of uncertainty and insecurity, the fast pace of life, competition in various domains, suboptimal hygiene practices, and food adulteration have become primary contributors to the disruption of mental and physical well-being. Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) can be correlated to Vishada in Ayurveda. This article presents a case study of a patient diagnosed with PDD (Persistent Depressive Disorder) as per DSM-5 criteria. Management was planned with integrative treatment consisting of Sattvavajaya chikitsa (Ayurveda psychotherapy), Shamana Chikitsa (oral medicines), and the skillful implementation of Viddhakarma, thus illustrating its efficacy in depression. The treatment persisted for six months, and the intervention outcome demonstrated a decrease in Hamilton Depression Rating scores, declining from 16 to 5 with a reduction of symptoms by the end of the six months of intervention. Viddhakarma, one among the eight shastra karma, is regarded as one of the most effective para-surgical procedures for regulating the vitiated dosha described by Acharya Shushrut and Acharya Vagbhata. This article is a sincere effort to emphasize the significance and application of Viddhakarma therapy along with the conventional Ayurveda treatment in manasik vikaras. Furthermore, the observed improvements were sustained even throughout the non-interventional observation period.
{"title":"A holistic Ayurvedic approach to manage persistent depressive disorder, Vishada—A case report","authors":"Aqsa Zarin Khan , Jibi Varghese , Chandrakumar Deshmukh , Prashant Khade , Sana Khanam Mirza , Manna Mathew","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD), formerly known as Dysthymia, is a chronic and enduring form of depression. In contemporary society, the pressures of modern lifestyles, pervasive feelings of uncertainty and insecurity, the fast pace of life, competition in various domains, suboptimal hygiene practices, and food adulteration have become primary contributors to the disruption of mental and physical well-being. Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) can be correlated to <em>Vishada</em> in Ayurveda. This article presents a case study of a patient diagnosed with PDD (Persistent Depressive Disorder) as per DSM-5 criteria. Management was planned with integrative treatment consisting of <em>Sattvavajaya chikitsa</em> (Ayurveda psychotherapy), <em>Shamana Chikitsa</em> (oral medicines), and the skillful implementation of <em>Viddhakarma,</em> thus illustrating its efficacy in depression. The treatment persisted for six months, and the intervention outcome demonstrated a decrease in Hamilton Depression Rating scores, declining from 16 to 5 with a reduction of symptoms by the end of the six months of intervention. <em>Viddhakarma</em>, one among the eight <em>shastra karma</em>, is regarded as one of the most effective para-surgical procedures for regulating the vitiated <em>dosha</em> described by <em>Acharya</em> Shushrut and <em>Acharya</em> Vagbhata. This article is a sincere effort to emphasize the significance and application of <em>Viddhakarma</em> therapy along with the conventional Ayurveda treatment in <em>manasik vikaras</em>. Furthermore, the observed improvements were sustained even throughout the non-interventional observation period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 101243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101256
Pranali B. Yeram, Amisha Vora, Yogesh A. Kulkarni
Background
Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) is a traditional Indian medicinal plant belonging to the family Poaceae. Hydroalcoholic extract of Vetiveria zizanioides has been studied for its various pharmacological effects, but a systematic scientific study on its safety has not been done.
Objective
To study the toxic effects of single and repeated doses of hydroalcoholic extract of Vetiveria zizanioides root, and to establish the toxicity profile of hydroalcoholic extract using in silico toxicity prediction tools.
Methods
Acute and repeated dose toxicity studies were conducted following OECD guidelines 423 and 407, respectively. The acute toxicity study was carried out on female Sprague Dawley rats at 2000 and 5000 mg/kg doses, with effects monitored for 14 days. A repeated dose toxicity study was performed through daily dosing of the hydroalcoholic extract (ethanol: water, 1:1 v/v) of Vetiveria zizanioides extract for 28 days at doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg. At the end of the study, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, kidney function, and histopathology were evaluated in all animals. Additionally, In silico toxicity prediction of the bioactive present in Vetiveria zizanioides root extract was performed using ProTox-II. Phytoconstituents of Vetiveria zizanioides roots were identified using GC-MS analysis.
Results
Single dose administration of Vetiveria zizanioides extract at 5000 mg/kg showed no toxicity or morbidity. Similarly, repeated doses of extract over 28 days did not significantly impact hematological and biochemical parameters. However, a significant increase in ALT (P < 0.05) was noted at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) of the extract. Histopathological examinations of the liver at this dose revealed mild changes in hepatocytes compared to the control animals. The toxicity prediction revealed that all identified compounds of Vetiveria zizanioides hydroalcoholic extract were free from cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. More than 50 percent of the compounds were found to be class 5 (2000 < LD50 ≤ 5000). However, few compounds were found to be hepatotoxic at high doses.
Conclusion
Vetiveria zizanioides extract may generally be safe, but long-term use at 1000 mg/kg in rats could pose a concern for liver toxicity. The results of the study indicate that Vetiveria zizanioides is safe for use up to 500 mg/kg in 28-day repeated dose toxicity study.
{"title":"In vivo and in silico toxicity studies of hydroalcoholic extract of Vetiveria zizanioides roots","authors":"Pranali B. Yeram, Amisha Vora, Yogesh A. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Vetiveria zizanioides</em> (L.) is a traditional Indian medicinal plant belonging to the family Poaceae. Hydroalcoholic extract of <em>Vetiveria zizanioides</em> has been studied for its various pharmacological effects, but a systematic scientific study on its safety has not been done.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To study the toxic effects of single and repeated doses of hydroalcoholic extract of <em>Vetiveria zizanioides</em> root, and to establish the toxicity profile of hydroalcoholic extract using <em>in silico</em> toxicity prediction tools.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Acute and repeated dose toxicity studies were conducted following OECD guidelines 423 and 407, respectively. The acute toxicity study was carried out on female Sprague Dawley rats at 2000 and 5000 mg/kg doses, with effects monitored for 14 days. A repeated dose toxicity study was performed through daily dosing of the hydroalcoholic extract (ethanol: water, 1:1 v/v) of <em>Vetiveria zizanioides</em> extract for 28 days at doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg. At the end of the study, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, kidney function, and histopathology were evaluated in all animals. Additionally, <em>In silico</em> toxicity prediction of the bioactive present in <em>Vetiveria zizanioides</em> root extract was performed using ProTox-II. Phytoconstituents of <em>Vetiveria zizanioides</em> roots were identified using GC-MS analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Single dose administration of <em>Vetiveria zizanioides</em> extract at 5000 mg/kg showed no toxicity or morbidity. Similarly, repeated doses of extract over 28 days did not significantly impact hematological and biochemical parameters. However, a significant increase in ALT (P < 0.05) was noted at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) of the extract. Histopathological examinations of the liver at this dose revealed mild changes in hepatocytes compared to the control animals. The toxicity prediction revealed that all identified compounds of <em>Vetiveria zizanioides</em> hydroalcoholic extract were free from cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. More than 50 percent of the compounds were found to be class 5 (2000 < LD50 ≤ 5000). However, few compounds were found to be hepatotoxic at high doses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>Vetiveria zizanioides</em> extract may generally be safe, but long-term use at 1000 mg/kg in rats could pose a concern for liver toxicity. The results of the study indicate that <em>Vetiveria zizanioides</em> is safe for use up to 500 mg/kg in 28-day repeated dose toxicity study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 101256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101185
Priyanka A. Dorage, Ashish A. Thatere, Rohini S. Prabhale
Haglund's deformity is one of the orthopedic problematic conditions manifest as a painful plantar heel. Haglund's deformity is a posterosuperior calcaneal projection of bony overgrowth from calcaneum bone which occurs when the foot is exposed to constant strain leading to calcium deposition in the heel bone, can be correlated with Vatakantaka in Ayurveda. It can be treated with a combination of Viddhakarma (therapeutic needle-piercing therapy), and Agnikarma (therapeutic heat therapy) with oral Ayurvedic medications which cure disease and provide long-term relief. A 48-year-old female came with complaints of difficulty in walking, pain in the left heel region which aggravates after awakening in the morning, standing long time, and after excessive walking. She had taken analgesics, and steroids drug for 8 months but didn't get relief. So, she opted for an Ayurvedic medication for further treatment. With the help of seven settings of Viddhakarma, and Agnikarma there was a significant improvement in clinical features, assessment scales of pain, function, swelling, tenderness, and in bony outgrowth. Viddhakarma and Agnikarma an easy, affordable, and straightforward techniques that may be carried out at the OPD level with basic facilities. It can be inferred from this case study that the Combination of Viddhakarma, Agnikarma with oral Ayurvedic drugs is an effective treatment modality for Haglund's deformity.
{"title":"Ayurvedic management of Haglund's deformity diagnosed as Vatakantaka - A case report","authors":"Priyanka A. Dorage, Ashish A. Thatere, Rohini S. Prabhale","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Haglund's deformity is one of the orthopedic problematic conditions manifest as a painful plantar heel. Haglund's deformity is a posterosuperior calcaneal projection of bony overgrowth from calcaneum bone which occurs when the foot is exposed to constant strain leading to calcium deposition in the heel bone, can be correlated with <em>Vatakantaka</em> in Ayurveda. It can be treated with a combination of <em>Viddhakarma</em> (therapeutic needle-piercing therapy), and <em>Agnikarma</em> (therapeutic heat therapy) with oral Ayurvedic medications which cure disease and provide long-term relief. A 48-year-old female came with complaints of difficulty in walking, pain in the left heel region which aggravates after awakening in the morning, standing long time, and after excessive walking. She had taken analgesics, and steroids drug for 8 months but didn't get relief. So, she opted for an Ayurvedic medication for further treatment. With the help of seven settings of <em>Viddhakarma</em>, and <em>Agnikarma</em> there was a significant improvement in clinical features, assessment scales of pain, function, swelling, tenderness, and in bony outgrowth. <em>Viddhakarma</em> and <em>Agnikarma</em> an easy, affordable, and straightforward techniques that may be carried out at the OPD level with basic facilities. It can be inferred from this case study that the Combination of <em>Viddhakarma, Agnikarma</em> with oral Ayurvedic drugs is an effective treatment modality for Haglund's deformity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 101185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects 13.4 % of the global population. Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) needing kidney transplant surgery are estimated between 4.902 and 7.083 million globally as of 2019 in India, which remains unaffordable for most of the population. This case study highlights a CKD G5 male patient undergoing hemodialysis weekly twice for two months, previously advised for transplant. The patient approached P D Patel Ayurveda Hospital, Nadiad, India, for treatment. Presented with puffiness on the face, breathlessness, muscle cramps, appetite loss, bilateral pedal edema, and occasional nausea and vomiting. Before Ayurvedic treatment, his serum creatinine level remained 12 mg/dL even with hemodialysis twice a week, which has been reduced up to 2.1 mg/dL, and blood urea reduced significantly, hemoglobin increased from 9.7 gms% to 14 gms%, and eGFR increased from 5 mL/min per 1.73 m2 to 34.8 mL/min per 1.73 m2. After the treatment, the patient is asymptomatic. This improvement is stable even after discontinuing all the medications except antihypertensive for two years. Following the treatment, dialysis was completely stopped, and the patient no longer required hemodialysis or a kidney transplant. This case provides new insight into the potential of traditional Ayurvedic treatments to manage advanced CKD, offering a cost-effective alternative to dialysis and transplantation.
{"title":"Breaking the dependency cycle: A case report on successfully managed hemodialysis dependent chronic kidney disease with Ayurvedic treatment","authors":"Kaushal Patel , Kalapi Patel , Manish Patel , Chintan Bhatt , Mansi Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects 13.4 % of the global population. Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) needing kidney transplant surgery are estimated between 4.902 and 7.083 million globally as of 2019 in India, which remains unaffordable for most of the population. This case study highlights a CKD G5 male patient undergoing hemodialysis weekly twice for two months, previously advised for transplant. The patient approached P D Patel Ayurveda Hospital, Nadiad, India, for treatment. Presented with puffiness on the face, breathlessness, muscle cramps, appetite loss, bilateral pedal edema, and occasional nausea and vomiting. Before Ayurvedic treatment, his serum creatinine level remained 12 mg/dL even with hemodialysis twice a week, which has been reduced up to 2.1 mg/dL, and blood urea reduced significantly, hemoglobin increased from 9.7 gms% to 14 gms%, and eGFR increased from 5 mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup> to 34.8 mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. After the treatment, the patient is asymptomatic. This improvement is stable even after discontinuing all the medications except antihypertensive for two years. Following the treatment, dialysis was completely stopped, and the patient no longer required hemodialysis or a kidney transplant. This case provides new insight into the potential of traditional Ayurvedic treatments to manage advanced CKD, offering a cost-effective alternative to dialysis and transplantation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 101177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145300847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-altitude survival is difficult due to low oxygen levels. Good lung function and oxygen saturation are essential for optimum health. India's northern borders, characterized by mountainous terrain, remain vulnerable to infiltrators and enemies. Defence personnel assigned to these areas often face health challenges due to sudden shifts from low to high altitudes. Therefore, proper acclimatization is vital. Studies suggest yoga improves lung function and oxygen saturation, aiding adaptation.
Objective
This study explores whether the regular practice of yoga can help defence personnel stay prepared for high-altitude deployment by examining lung function, oxygen saturation, and heart rate.
Method
The present study, using a single-group pre-post design, evaluated the effectiveness of a yogic training program consisting of 50-min sessions administered over 20 consecutive days to twenty-two defence personnel deployed in a high-altitude area. The assessments for various Lung Function, Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate were conducted before and after the intervention.
Results
The results demonstrated significant improvement in lung function and SPO2. Statistically significant improvements were observed in expiratory flow rate (p < 0.001), bhramari time (p < 0.001), breath-holding time (p < 0.001), oxygen saturation (p < 0.001), and heart rate (p = 0.033).
Conclusions
Yogic practices—especially postures with breath awareness, breathing techniques, and mindfulness—significantly enhance lung function, including breath-holding and oxygen saturation. Integrating yoga into defence personnel routines may boost tolerance to hypoxia and improve operational performance. Further research is needed to assess yoga's impact on physical and mental fitness in high-altitude conditions.
{"title":"Effect of yoga regimen on the lung capacity of defence personnel deployed at high altitude area","authors":"Lakhvinder Singh, Rithika Keshav, Mangesh Pandey, Natesh Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High-altitude survival is difficult due to low oxygen levels. Good lung function and oxygen saturation are essential for optimum health. India's northern borders, characterized by mountainous terrain, remain vulnerable to infiltrators and enemies. Defence personnel assigned to these areas often face health challenges due to sudden shifts from low to high altitudes. Therefore, proper acclimatization is vital. Studies suggest yoga improves lung function and oxygen saturation, aiding adaptation.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study explores whether the regular practice of yoga can help defence personnel stay prepared for high-altitude deployment by examining lung function, oxygen saturation, and heart rate.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The present study, using a single-group pre-post design, evaluated the effectiveness of a yogic training program consisting of 50-min sessions administered over 20 consecutive days to twenty-two defence personnel deployed in a high-altitude area. The assessments for various Lung Function, Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate were conducted before and after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results demonstrated significant improvement in lung function and SPO<sub>2</sub>. Statistically significant improvements were observed in expiratory flow rate (<em>p</em> < 0.001), bhramari time (<em>p</em> < 0.001), breath-holding time (<em>p</em> < 0.001), oxygen saturation (<em>p</em> < 0.001), and heart rate (<em>p</em> = 0.033).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Yogic practices—especially postures with breath awareness, breathing techniques, and mindfulness—significantly enhance lung function, including breath-holding and oxygen saturation. Integrating yoga into defence personnel routines may boost tolerance to hypoxia and improve operational performance. Further research is needed to assess yoga's impact on physical and mental fitness in high-altitude conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 101223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145438162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breaking silos in healthcare: A futuristic vision for Viksit Bharat","authors":"Bhushan Patwardhan , Gururaj Mutalik , Girish Tillu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 101288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145400732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101216
Dnyaneshwar U. Bawankule , Amit Kaushik , Mridula Sahu , Dewasya P. Singh , Aashcharya U. Mishra , Vineet Babu , Princi Gupta , Ashutosh K. Shukla , Velusamy Sundaresan , Ritu Trivedi , Karuna Shanker , Debabrata Chanda , Anirban Pal , Mahendra P. Darokar , Narayan P. Yadav , Atul Gupta , Daya N. Mani , Suman P.S. Khanuja
Background
-Cyperus scariosus, Zingiber officinale, and Piper longum are known and used in Ayurveda to manage rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Due to their intrinsic properties, these plants fight diseases from different aspects. Combination of the three is suspected to provide all-around approach to manage RA and related disorders.
Objective
- The study aims to scientifically validate the efficacy of IVT-15 (combination of C. scariosus, Z. officinale, and P. longum) against RA and related disorders.
Materials & methods
IVT-15 was prepared by mixing aqueous extracts of the three plants in 1:1:1 ratio and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for authenticating plant materials. IVT-15, a chemically defined formulation was further scientifically validated for safety and efficacy. Acute and subacute toxicity studies were performed on Swiss albino mice and efficacy was studied on standard animal models.
Results
Chemical profiling revealed high presence of 6-gingerol, α-cyperone, and piperine, and toxicity studies proved IVT-15 to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight single dose acute oral toxicity study. IVT-15 revealed its invivo anti-arthritic efficacy by reducing arthritis score and index significantly against collagen-induced arthritis. Reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation confirmed anti-inflammatory potential of IVT-15. Further in vivo testing indicated that IVT-15 has potential analgesic and immunomodulatory properties.
Conclusion
This study proves that IVT-15 can be used as alternative medicine for managing RA. Future clinical studies on IVT-15 will help in realizing its full healthcare benefits against arthritis.
背景：沙柏、生姜和长笛草在阿育吠陀医学中被用来治疗类风湿性关节炎（RA）。由于这些植物的内在特性，它们可以从不同的方面对抗疾病。三者的结合可能为RA及相关疾病的治疗提供全面的方法。目的：-本研究旨在科学验证IVT-15 （C. scariosus， Z. officinale， P. longgum）联合治疗RA及相关疾病的疗效。材料与方法：将三种植物的水提液按1:1:1的比例混合制备IVT-15，采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）进行鉴定。IVT-15是一种化学定义的制剂，其安全性和有效性得到了进一步的科学验证。对瑞士白化病小鼠进行了急性和亚急性毒性研究，并对标准动物模型进行了疗效研究。结果：化学分析显示6-姜辣素、α-环己酮和胡椒碱的含量很高，毒性研究证明IVT-15在2000 mg/kg体重的单剂量下是安全的。IVT-15对胶原性关节炎的体内抗关节炎作用表现为明显降低关节炎评分和指数。在脂多糖（LPS）诱导的炎症中，肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6 （IL-6）的降低证实了IVT-15的抗炎作用。进一步的体内试验表明，IVT-15具有潜在的镇痛和免疫调节特性。结论：本研究证明IVT-15可作为治疗RA的替代药物。未来对IVT-15的临床研究将有助于实现其对关节炎的全部医疗保健益处。
{"title":"In-vivo effects of IVT-15 - A traditional knowledge-inspired formulation for the management of rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Dnyaneshwar U. Bawankule , Amit Kaushik , Mridula Sahu , Dewasya P. Singh , Aashcharya U. Mishra , Vineet Babu , Princi Gupta , Ashutosh K. Shukla , Velusamy Sundaresan , Ritu Trivedi , Karuna Shanker , Debabrata Chanda , Anirban Pal , Mahendra P. Darokar , Narayan P. Yadav , Atul Gupta , Daya N. Mani , Suman P.S. Khanuja","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><u>-</u> <em>Cyperus scariosus</em>, <em>Zingiber officinale</em>, and <em>Piper longum</em> are known and used in <em>Ayurveda</em> to manage rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Due to their intrinsic properties, these plants fight diseases from different aspects. Combination of the three is suspected to provide all-around approach to manage RA and related disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div><u>-</u> The study aims to scientifically validate the efficacy of IVT-15 (combination of <em>C. scariosus</em>, <em>Z. officinale</em>, and <em>P. longum</em>) against RA and related disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Materials & methods</h3><div>IVT-15 was prepared by mixing aqueous extracts of the three plants in 1:1:1 ratio and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for authenticating plant materials. IVT-15, a chemically defined formulation was further scientifically validated for safety and efficacy. Acute and subacute toxicity studies were performed on Swiss albino mice and efficacy was studied on standard animal models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Chemical profiling revealed high presence of 6-gingerol, α-cyperone, and piperine, and toxicity studies proved IVT-15 to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight single dose acute oral toxicity study. IVT-15 revealed its <em>in</em> <em>vivo</em> anti-arthritic efficacy by reducing arthritis score and index significantly against collagen-induced arthritis. Reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation confirmed anti-inflammatory potential of IVT-15. Further in vivo testing indicated that IVT-15 has potential analgesic and immunomodulatory properties.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study proves that IVT-15 can be used as alternative medicine for managing RA. Future clinical studies on IVT-15 will help in realizing its full healthcare benefits against arthritis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 101216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145400767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes, typically characterized by hyperglycaemia, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Over 800 million adults were estimated to have diabetes in 2022. Ayurveda texts emphasized on the antidiabetic potential of Naga Bhasma (NB) (a lead based formulation). Naga Bhasma is used in many classical antidiabetic formulations such as Vasantkusumakara Rasa.
Objectives
Present study was planned to evaluate hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic, and antidiabetic activities of Naga Bhasma in euglycemic, sucrose loaded hyperglycemic and streptozotocin induced diabetic Charles Foster albino rats.
Material and methods
NB was prepared following classical texts of Ayurveda. Charles Foster albino rats were used for antidiabetic study. The study was divided into: hypoglycaemic, antihyperglycemic, and antidiabetic parts. Hypoglycaemic study was aimed to assess glucose lowering activity in normal rats. Antihyperglycemic study was carried out to assess the effect of test drug on blood sugar elevation observed after administration of sucrose (40 g/kg orally). For antidiabetic study, streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally (40 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. Vehicles were administered on 3rd day of streptozotocin injection, after confirmation of diabetes. Blood sugar was checked before and on 5th day after vehicle administration. The data was analysed by unpaired ‘t’ test.
Results
Hypoglycaemic study did not show any significant effect on blood glucose in NB group. In Antihyperglycemic study, NB administered group showed only statistically non-significant increase in blood sugar level at 4th and 8th hour indicating presence of anti-hyperglycemic activity. In antidiabetic study, in control group, a statistically significant (48.90 %) elevation of blood sugar level was observed while in NB administered group highly significant (69.58 %) decrease was observed in comparison to initial values.
Conclusion
The study shows that NB has moderate anti-hyperglycaemic and good anti-diabetic activity; and it does not lower the blood glucose below the normal levels.
{"title":"Characterization and effect of Naga Bhasma on hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic, and antidiabetic activities in Charles Foster diabetic rats","authors":"Pravin Tate , B.J. Patgiri , P.K. Prajapati , B. Ravishankar","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetes, typically characterized by hyperglycaemia, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Over 800 million adults were estimated to have diabetes in 2022. <em>Ayurveda</em> texts emphasized on the antidiabetic potential of <em>Naga Bhasma</em> (NB) (a lead based formulation). <em>Naga Bhasma</em> is used in many classical antidiabetic formulations such as <em>Vasantkusumakara Rasa</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Present study was planned to evaluate hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic, and antidiabetic activities of <em>Naga Bhasma</em> in euglycemic, sucrose loaded hyperglycemic and streptozotocin induced diabetic Charles Foster albino rats.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>NB was prepared following classical texts of Ayurveda. Charles Foster albino rats were used for antidiabetic study. The study was divided into: hypoglycaemic, antihyperglycemic, and antidiabetic parts. Hypoglycaemic study was aimed to assess glucose lowering activity in normal rats. Antihyperglycemic study was carried out to assess the effect of test drug on blood sugar elevation observed after administration of sucrose (40 g/kg orally). For antidiabetic study, streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally (40 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. Vehicles were administered on 3rd day of streptozotocin injection, after confirmation of diabetes. Blood sugar was checked before and on 5th day after vehicle administration. The data was analysed by unpaired ‘t’ test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hypoglycaemic study did not show any significant effect on blood glucose in NB group. In Antihyperglycemic study, NB administered group showed only statistically non-significant increase in blood sugar level at 4th and 8th hour indicating presence of anti-hyperglycemic activity. In antidiabetic study, in control group, a statistically significant (48.90 %) elevation of blood sugar level was observed while in NB administered group highly significant (69.58 %) decrease was observed in comparison to initial values.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study shows that NB has moderate anti-hyperglycaemic and good anti-diabetic activity; and it does not lower the blood glucose below the normal levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 101226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101240
Venil N. Sumantran , Pratibha P. Nair
Ojas is essential for human heath and vitality. In 1995, Walton et al. proposed an equivalence between ojas and cholesterol, and linked specific dhatus with steroid hormones derived from cholesterol. This paper examines five links between cholesterol and ojas. First, properties of ojas suggest a complex, mobile or immobile lipid. Only cholesterol has these properties. Insoluble, unesterified cholesterol maintains cell membranes. Cholesterol synthesized by the liver is converted into soluble cholesteryl lipoprotein esters (LDL-C and HDL-C), which circulate like apara ojas. Interestingly, cholesteryl-esters and apara ojas respond to diet and drugs. Second, eight biomolecules (five steroid hormones, bile acids, vitamin D, and myelin), which can only be synthesized from cholesterol, function at twelve physiological sites of ojas activity. Third, cholesterol and its products explain key functions of ojas. Thus, cholesterol controls reproduction, fertilization (shukra), and has a morphogenetic role in foetal development (garbhasara). Cholesterol and its products control stress responses, brain functions, and the musculoskeleton (bala). Cholesterol immunometabolism and vitamin D regulate immunity (vyadhi kshamatva). Fourth, oxidized LDL-C contributes to plaque formation in atherosclerosis, which is the leading cause of global deaths. Conversely, hypocholesterolemia and depleted ojas (ojo kshaya) significantly increase risk of mortality. Fifth, long term studies suggest that HDL-C can be a surrogate marker of healthy apara ojas. These facts indirectly prove that cholesterol homeostasis and robust ojas are absolute requirements for health and survival. We explain how these five links provide correlative, potentially causal, and clinical evidence for our hypothesis that cholesterol and products of cholesterol, are candidate biomarkers for ojas.
{"title":"Can cholesterol and its products serve as biomarkers for ojas?","authors":"Venil N. Sumantran , Pratibha P. Nair","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ojas</em> is essential for human heath and vitality. In 1995, Walton et al. proposed an equivalence between ojas and cholesterol, and linked specific dhatus with steroid hormones derived from cholesterol. This paper examines five links between cholesterol and ojas. First, properties of ojas suggest a complex, mobile or immobile lipid. Only cholesterol has these properties. Insoluble, unesterified cholesterol maintains cell membranes. Cholesterol synthesized by the liver is converted into soluble cholesteryl lipoprotein esters (LDL-C and HDL-C), which circulate like apara ojas. Interestingly, cholesteryl-esters and apara ojas respond to diet and drugs. Second, eight biomolecules (five steroid hormones, bile acids, vitamin D, and myelin), which can only be synthesized from cholesterol, function at twelve physiological sites of ojas activity. Third, cholesterol and its products explain key functions of ojas. Thus, cholesterol controls reproduction, fertilization (<em>shukra</em>), and has a morphogenetic role in foetal development (<em>garbhasara</em>). Cholesterol and its products control stress responses, brain functions, and the musculoskeleton (<em>bala</em>). Cholesterol immunometabolism and vitamin D regulate immunity (<em>vyadhi kshamatva</em>). Fourth, oxidized LDL-C contributes to plaque formation in atherosclerosis, which is the leading cause of global deaths. Conversely, hypocholesterolemia and depleted ojas (<em>ojo kshaya</em>) significantly increase risk of mortality. Fifth, long term studies suggest that HDL-C can be a surrogate marker of healthy <em>apara ojas</em>. These facts indirectly prove that cholesterol homeostasis and robust ojas are absolute requirements for health and survival. We explain how these five links provide correlative, potentially causal, and clinical evidence for our hypothesis that cholesterol and products of cholesterol, are candidate biomarkers for ojas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 101240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145604123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101262
Abhishek Sharma , Qutsia Tabasum
Background
Traditional medicine systems have been essential components of health systems in rural areas, and areas with rich cultures and geographical isolation such as district Kinnaur. Derived from centuries of practice, these systems understand health and illness in terms of physical, mental, and socio-cultural well-being.
Objectives
This study documents the structural and functional aspects of the traditional medicine system prevalent in district Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, India, with a focus on understanding how traditional healers understand health, how they diagnose illness, and how they treat illnesses using traditional methods.
Material and methods
The present research was conducted in district Kinnaur, in the western Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh, India. This study is an exploratory qualitative research utilizing a thematic analysis approach (Braun and Clarke, 2006) to explore the traditional medicine system. The researcher collected data from all practicing traditional healers using an in-depth interview guide for the sessions.
Results
The traditional medicine system of district Kinnaur provides a holistic assessment of health and treatment of illness, incorporating all the aspects of the individual (physical, psychological, and socio-cultural). Structural and functional aspects of the traditional medicine system are documented under 6 major themes and sub-themes, which are 1) Concept of health, 2) Aetiology of Illness, 3) Diagnostic techniques, 4) Treatment methods, 5) Training and Learning process, 6) Production of medicine.
Conclusion
Traditional healers of Kinnaur have long classified, examined, and applied natural resource knowledge to develop therapeutic remedies. Understanding sociocultural patterns will aid policymakers in framing policies that would help sustain the age-old traditional knowledge of medicine, and it will also inform and sensitize healthcare providers to the beliefs and practices of their patients. In-depth interdisciplinary studies on the area's natural resources should be undertaken to understand active compounds of herbal plants used by traditional healers, which can validate traditional medicine through biomedical research.
背景：传统医学系统一直是农村地区以及具有丰富文化和地理隔离的地区（如Kinnaur区）卫生系统的重要组成部分。经过几个世纪的实践，这些系统从身体、精神和社会文化福祉的角度理解健康和疾病。目的：本研究记录了印度喜马偕尔邦Kinnaur地区流行的传统医学系统的结构和功能方面，重点是了解传统治疗师如何理解健康，他们如何诊断疾病，以及他们如何使用传统方法治疗疾病。材料和方法：本研究在印度喜马偕尔邦喜马拉雅山脉西部的Kinnaur地区进行。本研究是一项利用主题分析方法（Braun and Clarke, 2006）探索传统医学体系的探索性定性研究。研究人员使用深度访谈指南收集了所有执业传统治疗师的数据。结果：Kinnaur地区的传统医学系统提供了对健康和疾病治疗的整体评估，包括个人的所有方面（身体，心理和社会文化）。传统医学系统的结构和功能方面分为6个主题和子主题，即1)健康概念，2)疾病病因学，3)诊断技术，4)治疗方法，5)培训和学习过程，6)药物生产。结论：Kinnaur的传统治疗师长期以来对自然资源知识进行分类、检查和应用，以开发治疗方法。了解社会文化模式将有助于决策者制定有助于维持古老的传统医学知识的政策，并且还将使卫生保健提供者了解并敏感地了解患者的信仰和做法。应该对该地区的自然资源进行深入的跨学科研究，以了解传统治疗师使用的草药植物的活性化合物，这可以通过生物医学研究验证传统医学。
{"title":"Traditional therapeutic practices in the Himalayan heartland of Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, India - A qualitative exploration","authors":"Abhishek Sharma , Qutsia Tabasum","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Traditional medicine systems have been essential components of health systems in rural areas, and areas with rich cultures and geographical isolation such as district Kinnaur. Derived from centuries of practice, these systems understand health and illness in terms of physical, mental, and socio-cultural well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study documents the structural and functional aspects of the traditional medicine system prevalent in district Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, India, with a focus on understanding how traditional healers understand health, how they diagnose illness, and how they treat illnesses using traditional methods.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The present research was conducted in district Kinnaur, in the western Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh, India. This study is an exploratory qualitative research utilizing a thematic analysis approach (Braun and Clarke, 2006) to explore the traditional medicine system. The researcher collected data from all practicing traditional healers using an in-depth interview guide for the sessions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The traditional medicine system of district Kinnaur provides a holistic assessment of health and treatment of illness, incorporating all the aspects of the individual (physical, psychological, and socio-cultural). Structural and functional aspects of the traditional medicine system are documented under 6 major themes and sub-themes, which are 1) Concept of health, 2) Aetiology of Illness, 3) Diagnostic techniques, 4) Treatment methods, 5) Training and Learning process, 6) Production of medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Traditional healers of Kinnaur have long classified, examined, and applied natural resource knowledge to develop therapeutic remedies. Understanding sociocultural patterns will aid policymakers in framing policies that would help sustain the age-old traditional knowledge of medicine, and it will also inform and sensitize healthcare providers to the beliefs and practices of their patients. In-depth interdisciplinary studies on the area's natural resources should be undertaken to understand active compounds of herbal plants used by traditional healers, which can validate traditional medicine through biomedical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 101262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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