Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine最新文献

Natural bioactives possess a wide range of chemical structures that can exert a plethora of pharmacological and toxicological actions, resulting in neuroprotection or neurotoxicity. These pharmacodynamic properties can positively or negatively impact human and animal global healthcare. Remarkably, Ayurvedic botanical Cannabis has been used worldwide by different ethnicities and religions for spiritual, commercial, recreational, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and medicinal purposes for centuries. Cannabis-based congeners have been approved by the United States of America's (USA) Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and other global law agencies for various therapeutic purposes. Surprisingly, the strict laws associated with possessing cannabis products have been mitigated in multiple states in the USA and across the globe for recreational use. This has consequently led to a radical escalation of exposure to cannabis-related substances of abuse. However, there is a lacuna in the literature on the acute and chronic effects of Cannabis and its congeners on various neuropathologies. Moreover, in the post-COVID era, there has been a drastic increase in the incidence and prevalence of numerous neuropathologies, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. There is an impending necessity for a safe, economically viable, multipotent, natural bioactive to prevent and treat various neuropathologies. The ayurvedic herb, Cannabis is one of the oldest botanicals known to humans and has been widely used. However, the comprehensive effect of Cannabis on various neuropathologies is not well established. Hence, this review presents effects of Cannabis on various neuropathologies.

Background

Drug research is increasingly using Network Pharmacology (NP) to tackle complex conditions like Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), which is characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Single-action drugs are inadequate to treat MetS, which is marked by a range of complications including glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation.

Objectives

To analyze Chandraprabha vati using Network Pharmacology to assess its potential in alleviating MetS-related complications.

Material and methods

The genes related to MetS, inflammation, and the target genes of the CPV components were identified using network pharmacology tools like DisgNET and BindingDB. Followed by mapping of the CPV target genes with the genes implicated in MetS and inflammation to identify putative potential targets. Gene ontology, pathway enrichment analysis, and STRING database were employed for further exploration. Furthermore, drug-target-protein interactions network were visualized using Cytoscape 3.9.1.

Results

The results showed that out of the 225 target genes of the CPV components, 33 overlapping and 19 non-overlapping genes could be potential targets for MetS. Similarly, 14 overlapping and 7 non-overlapping genes could be potential targets for inflammation. The CPV bioactives target genes were found to be involved in lipid and insulin homeostasis via several pathways revealed by the pathway analysis. The importance of CPV in treating MetS was supported by GO enrichment data; this could be due to its potential to influence pathways linked to metabolism, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation.

Conclusions

These results offer a promising approach to developing treatment and repurposing CPV for complex conditions such as MetS.

Background

Tabernaemontana divaricata (TD) from the Apocynaceae family exhibits traditional therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase activity, etc.

Objective

To formulate and evaluate the wound healing potential of standardized ethanolic extract of TD leaves hydrogel on experimental models of wounds in Wistar rats with the design of experiment approach.

Methods

The prepared PVA-based hydrogel of TD extract was evaluated. In-vivo, wound healing activities using excision, incision, and burn wound models were performed concerning percent wound contraction, epithelialization period, tensile strength, and histological analysis.

Results

On the 20th day of the excision model, percentage wound contraction for 0.5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml extract hydrogel was found to be 90.35 % ± 0.46 and 97.28 % ± 0.59, respectively, while on the 9th day of incision model, the tensile strength of both doses of hydrogel was found to be 191.16 ± 1.51 g and 201.00 ± 1.29 g, respectively, indicating that both concentrations of the hydrogel showed significant (P < 0.05) wound healing as compared to disease control and vehicle control group. The histopathological study of hydrogel showed no necrotic cells and a greater amount of collagen. Furthermore, in the burn wound model, both doses of TD hydrogel had significant wound-healing activity, as demonstrated by a reduction in the time needed for epithelialization and an increase in the rate of wound contraction (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The proposed formulation showed potential for wound healing and may be studied further in clinical trials.

Chronic urine retention due to functional reasons is a difficult to treat condition. Low-pressure, low-flow voiding dysfunction also called as neurogenic bladder is a common functional reason of chronic urinary retention. Conventional pharmacotherapy has not been promising in such conditions and the symptomatic management is done through regular catheterisation. Catheterisation due to its social and medical limitations has a high discontinuation rate even though if it is recommended. In this scenario, any possibility of alternative interventions leading to the clinical improvements without catheterisation comes with hope as a lead to the future medicine. We present here case of a young woman suffering with chronic urinary retention due to neurogenic bladder, previously on regular intermittent catheterisation for few months and subsequently treated through Ayurveda interventions aiming to improve bladder contractility to the extent of complete recovery raises a high hope for treating such cases if such observations are being brought to the serious scientific enquiry and are translated into regular treatment strategy for similar clinical conditions.

Background

Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent) is widely used in Ayurveda and in ethnomedical practice for the treatment of inflammation, pain, diarrhea, non-healing ulcers, and cancer. Owing to the high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, simultaneous targeting of proteins involved in both EBV replication and NPC proliferation might help to manage the disease effectively.

Objectives

This study is designed to identify potential dual targeting inhibitors from Oroxylum indicum having the potential to inhibit both EBV and NPC. This study also attempted quantitative analysis of Shyonaka Bark Decoction (SBD) to confirm the presence of Baicalein and Chrysin which are predominant marker compounds of Shyonaka.

Methodology

The HPLC analysis of stem bark and root bark of Oroxylum indicum was done to estimate the presence of marker compounds Baicalein and Chrysalin. The in-silico analysis included ADMET analysis followed by molecular docking of known compounds from Oroxylum indicum (retrieved from IMPPAT database) onto the target proteins of EBV (BHRF1, NEC1, dUTPase, Uracil DNA glycosylase) and NPC (COX-2, EGFR, and MDM2) using DOCK6 tool. Further validations were done using the molecular dynamics simulations of top screened molecules onto the selected target proteins using AMBER20 package and their corresponding MMGBSA binding free-energy values were calculated.

Results

The molecular docking revealed that the key molecules from the plant, scutellarein 7-rutinoside (S7R), scutellarin (SCU) and 6-hydroxyluteolin, Baicalein and 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-phenyl-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one (57D) are effectively intervening with the target proteins of EBV, one of the key causative factors of NPC and the NPC specific targets which have the potential to reduce tumor size and other consequences of NPC. The molecular dynamics simulations of S7R, Baicalein and 57D, Baicalein with MDM-2 protein and dUTPase protein, respectively, showed stable interactions between them which were further assessed by the binding energy calculations.

Conclusion

Overall, the in-silico evaluation of these phytochemicals with target proteins indicates their potential to inhibit both EBV and NPC which needs further in-vitro and in-vivo validations.

Background

Herbo-mineral-metallic formulations are an inseparable part of the Ayurveda system of traditional medicine. Hridayarnava Rasa (HR) is a preparation containing metals like copper, sulphur, and mercury in processed forms and other herbs that do not produce toxic effects and adverse drug reactions when taken in appropriate dosage. Ayurveda practitioners use it in treating cardiac diseases like hypertension, cardiotoxicity and many more. The rasa-aushadhis possess characteristics such as rapid efficacy, little dosage required, and extensive therapeutic applicability. Hridayarnava Rasa [AFI Part-1, 20:55] has been employed for the treatment of various diseases from ancient times. A systematic study of these formulations manufacturing is required to maintain their quality, safety, and efficacy is a need of time to protect the immense faith of patients in Ayurveda.

Objectives

The present study aimed to prepare HR as per standard operating procedures mentioned in the classical text and to characterize it physio-chemically using advanced analytical techniques.

Materials and Methods

HR was prepared and physicochemical analyses and assay of elements by ICP-AES were carried out as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (FEG SEM, EDAX), CHNS-O analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Particle size distribution analysis (PSD) was carried out.

Results

The XRD analysis of HR showed the presence of unreacted sulphur and sulfides of copper and mercury. FEG SEM revealed the particles in the form of aggregates as nanocrystallites in the range of 100–1000 nm. Elemental analysis showed the presence of copper, sulphur, and mercury in major, along with traces of iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. In FTIR analysis, 18 peaks were observed, which strongly suggests the presence of various organic groups. In the TGA, four peaks were seen, which can be attributed to sulphur volatilization and oxidative changes in mercury. In PSD analysis, 50% of the material was found below 16.40 μm.

Conclusion

To establish a piece of fundamental knowledge and ensure uniformity of these rasa-aushadhis, it is imperative to conduct an analysis of their characteristics as per classical texts and modern analytical techniques. Additionally, it is crucial to investigate the significance of each procedural step included in the preparation process. The inferences drawn are helpful as an essential aid for quality assurance and standardization of this herbo-mineral-metallic formulation.

Background

The emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 resulted a severe threat to public health globally. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine with durable immunity, the disease transited into the endemic phase, necessitating potent antiviral therapy including a scientific basis for current traditional herbal medicine.

Objective

This study aimed to conduct a pharmacoinformatic analysis of selected chemical ingredients and in-vitro evaluation of Cordyceps militaris extract against SARS-CoV-2.

Materials and methods

C. militaris, the widely used fungus in conventional herbal medicine, was subjected to computational investigation using molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation and network pharmacology analysis followed by the in-vitro assay for evaluating its anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential.

Results

The molecular docking analysis of C. militaris revealed the Cordycepin's highest affinity (−9.71 kcal/mol) than other molecules, i.e., Cicadapeptin-I, Cicadapeptin-II, Cordycerebroside-B, and N-Acetyl galactosamine to the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. C. militaris aqueous extract could reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral copy numbers by 50.24% using crude extract at 100 μg/mL concentration.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that C. militaris has promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and may be explored as traditional medicine for managing the COVID-19 surge in the endemic phase.