Pub Date : 2016-09-02DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.C1.059
Eliana Mariño
I recent years, the application of attenuated strains of Salmonella spp. has been widely investigated for the development of various biotechnological products, especially vaccines. However, the industrial production of these compounds is hampered by metabolic constraints presented by Salmonella cells, which naturally produce high amounts of growth inhibitor metabolites, mainly acetate. To deal with this problem, two different approaches were evaluated in the present work: Changing culture conditions (carbon source evaluation) and implementing genetic modifications (enhancement of cell’s acetate scavenging capabilities by overexpression of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS)). Wild type and recombinant cells were cultured in minimal medium with glucose or glycerol as carbon source in Erlenmeyer flasks agitated at 200 rpm and 37 oC. Samples were collected during cultivation and analyzed by HPLC to quantify organic acids production and the carbon source consumption. Cellular growth was assessed by optical density readings (OD 600 nm) of the culture broth. The results showed that the carbon source plays an important role on byproducts excretion by S. typhimurium cells, indicating that for both strains acetate production is greatly reduced using glycerol. The overexpression of ACS also reduced the acetate accumulation as this enzyme acted assimilating the excreted acetate. From all the conditions studied, the best results were obtained by the recombinant cells cultured in glycerol. An increase of 40% of biomass production was achieved, while the acetate accumulation was reduced by more than 50% in comparison to the average values registered in the other experiments.
{"title":"Stem cell therapy for the treatment of severe tissue damage after radiation exposure","authors":"Eliana Mariño","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.C1.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.C1.059","url":null,"abstract":"I recent years, the application of attenuated strains of Salmonella spp. has been widely investigated for the development of various biotechnological products, especially vaccines. However, the industrial production of these compounds is hampered by metabolic constraints presented by Salmonella cells, which naturally produce high amounts of growth inhibitor metabolites, mainly acetate. To deal with this problem, two different approaches were evaluated in the present work: Changing culture conditions (carbon source evaluation) and implementing genetic modifications (enhancement of cell’s acetate scavenging capabilities by overexpression of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS)). Wild type and recombinant cells were cultured in minimal medium with glucose or glycerol as carbon source in Erlenmeyer flasks agitated at 200 rpm and 37 oC. Samples were collected during cultivation and analyzed by HPLC to quantify organic acids production and the carbon source consumption. Cellular growth was assessed by optical density readings (OD 600 nm) of the culture broth. The results showed that the carbon source plays an important role on byproducts excretion by S. typhimurium cells, indicating that for both strains acetate production is greatly reduced using glycerol. The overexpression of ACS also reduced the acetate accumulation as this enzyme acted assimilating the excreted acetate. From all the conditions studied, the best results were obtained by the recombinant cells cultured in glycerol. An increase of 40% of biomass production was achieved, while the acetate accumulation was reduced by more than 50% in comparison to the average values registered in the other experiments.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89149809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-02DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.C1.057
L. Ulloa
S glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and HbA1C monitoring are all valuable tools in the health management of the aging population especially given the increase in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Even for glucose monitoring, the challenges in obtaining sufficiently accurate and reliable measurements are so significant. None of them meet the even more stringent requirement of ISO 2012 and FDA. Because inaccurate systems bear the risk of false therapeutic decisions, rising health care costs, there is an urgent compelling need for significantly enhanced BG monitoring systems for PC applications. POC tests for other biomedically important analytes are generally even less accurate. The overall goal of the research in our laboratory and laboratories of our collaborators at Stanford, UC Berkeley, MIT and Rice is to develop new sensor platforms that will provide increased sensitivity and accuracy in point of care situations. Graphene-based platforms decorated by a probe protein enhance the sensitivity of pristine single layer grapheme multi-fold and offers a very accurate determination of critical analytes in the blood and other body fluids including saliva. The proposed system uses advanced graphene, Boron-doped graphene and carbon-nanotube-based sensors to transduce enzymatic binding into electrical signals that can be read and processed by a stand-alone system or even a cell-phone. These new biosensor chips will be housed in a plastic microfluidic system for sample acquisition, preparation and distribution to four separate biosensing chips. This approach will improve accuracy because it reduces operator errors, calibration problems and strip-to-strip variability, while increasing sensor sensitivity/specificity with the option to use redundant sensors for improved statistical confidence.
{"title":"Design of biosimilars to overcome the limitations of neuromodulation of the inflammation","authors":"L. Ulloa","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.C1.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.C1.057","url":null,"abstract":"S glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and HbA1C monitoring are all valuable tools in the health management of the aging population especially given the increase in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Even for glucose monitoring, the challenges in obtaining sufficiently accurate and reliable measurements are so significant. None of them meet the even more stringent requirement of ISO 2012 and FDA. Because inaccurate systems bear the risk of false therapeutic decisions, rising health care costs, there is an urgent compelling need for significantly enhanced BG monitoring systems for PC applications. POC tests for other biomedically important analytes are generally even less accurate. The overall goal of the research in our laboratory and laboratories of our collaborators at Stanford, UC Berkeley, MIT and Rice is to develop new sensor platforms that will provide increased sensitivity and accuracy in point of care situations. Graphene-based platforms decorated by a probe protein enhance the sensitivity of pristine single layer grapheme multi-fold and offers a very accurate determination of critical analytes in the blood and other body fluids including saliva. The proposed system uses advanced graphene, Boron-doped graphene and carbon-nanotube-based sensors to transduce enzymatic binding into electrical signals that can be read and processed by a stand-alone system or even a cell-phone. These new biosensor chips will be housed in a plastic microfluidic system for sample acquisition, preparation and distribution to four separate biosensing chips. This approach will improve accuracy because it reduces operator errors, calibration problems and strip-to-strip variability, while increasing sensor sensitivity/specificity with the option to use redundant sensors for improved statistical confidence.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76347323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.C1.053
Zehra Tavsan Deniz Erkan, H. Kayali
{"title":"EpCAM and claudins as cancer biomarkers in ovarian and colon cancer","authors":"Zehra Tavsan Deniz Erkan, H. Kayali","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.C1.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.C1.053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72647804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.C1.051
M. Schulze
{"title":"Lignin: A natural antioxidant isolated via selective extraction from lignocellulose feedstock to be used in packaging applications","authors":"M. Schulze","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.C1.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.C1.051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"06 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74963611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-24DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.C1.054
R. Komel
Biological control, the use of antagonistic organisms that interfere with plant pathogens represent an ecological approach to overcome the problems caused by hazardous chemical pesticides applied in plant protection. The mycoparasite Trichoderma is an efficient bio-control agent excreting extracellular chitinases, β-1-3 glucanases and proteases. Cloning these genes into plants can induce their resistance to diseases. Moreover, this bio-control agent can induce systemic resistance (ISR) to diseases by priming the expression of several plant defense related genes which enables Trichoderma treated plants to be more resistant to subsequent pathogen infection. Root colonization by Trichoderma strains results in massive changes in plant metabolism leading to accumulation of antimicrobial compounds in the whole plant. Studies have demonstrated that Trichoderma can ameliorate also plant performance in the presence of various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and heavy metals. Understanding the molecular basis of the diverse modes of action Trichoderma can lead to a better environmental-friendly control of plant diseases.
{"title":"Potential human glioblastoma cancer markers identified with nanobody-based reverse proteomic approach","authors":"R. Komel","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.C1.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.C1.054","url":null,"abstract":"Biological control, the use of antagonistic organisms that interfere with plant pathogens represent an ecological approach to overcome the problems caused by hazardous chemical pesticides applied in plant protection. The mycoparasite Trichoderma is an efficient bio-control agent excreting extracellular chitinases, β-1-3 glucanases and proteases. Cloning these genes into plants can induce their resistance to diseases. Moreover, this bio-control agent can induce systemic resistance (ISR) to diseases by priming the expression of several plant defense related genes which enables Trichoderma treated plants to be more resistant to subsequent pathogen infection. Root colonization by Trichoderma strains results in massive changes in plant metabolism leading to accumulation of antimicrobial compounds in the whole plant. Studies have demonstrated that Trichoderma can ameliorate also plant performance in the presence of various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and heavy metals. Understanding the molecular basis of the diverse modes of action Trichoderma can lead to a better environmental-friendly control of plant diseases.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77161322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-24DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.C1.056
Mario Andrea Marchisio
I this work we firstly proposed lateral-flow assay combined with primer extension (PEXT) and gold nanoparticles to SNP genotyping of tmigd1 gene in Tsaiya duck which has advantages of easy operation, cost effective and time saving. The gold nanoparticles were tailed with thiol-(dT)30 using salt-aging method at 25 oC and used as label of lateral-flow assay. The lateral-flow device is mainly composed of test and control zone on the nitrocellulose membrane containing streptavidin and d(A)30, respectively. When the specific SNP exists, the corresponding primers can be extended, and then the reaction product will be able to be captured by streptavidin in the test zone due to the introduction of biotin-dUTP into the reaction product during PEXT. Gold nanoparticles will hybridize with reaction product to make it become visible. Here we reported the optimized parameters of Mg2+ in PEXT reaction and streptavidin on membranes to detect the signal specificity. In addition, it is found that increasing amount of PCR product and PEXT reaction cycle number result in the increase of the signal intensity without observable change of signal specificity.
{"title":"Computational design of yeast synthetic gene circuits","authors":"Mario Andrea Marchisio","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.C1.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.C1.056","url":null,"abstract":"I this work we firstly proposed lateral-flow assay combined with primer extension (PEXT) and gold nanoparticles to SNP genotyping of tmigd1 gene in Tsaiya duck which has advantages of easy operation, cost effective and time saving. The gold nanoparticles were tailed with thiol-(dT)30 using salt-aging method at 25 oC and used as label of lateral-flow assay. The lateral-flow device is mainly composed of test and control zone on the nitrocellulose membrane containing streptavidin and d(A)30, respectively. When the specific SNP exists, the corresponding primers can be extended, and then the reaction product will be able to be captured by streptavidin in the test zone due to the introduction of biotin-dUTP into the reaction product during PEXT. Gold nanoparticles will hybridize with reaction product to make it become visible. Here we reported the optimized parameters of Mg2+ in PEXT reaction and streptavidin on membranes to detect the signal specificity. In addition, it is found that increasing amount of PCR product and PEXT reaction cycle number result in the increase of the signal intensity without observable change of signal specificity.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72726948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-11DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000241
A. Masuduzzaman, M. Haque, M. Ahmed, A. Mohapatra
One hundred and sixty rice varieties from the tidal and flood prone areas of south and south East Asian countries were analyzed. Samples sizes were: 50 varieties from Bangladesh (deepwater, tidal and flood prone rice and modern varieties), 14 varieties from India (flood prone rice), 16 varieties from Sri Lanka (flood prone rice), 7 varieties from Vietnam (tidal varieties), 69 varieties from Indonesia (tidal varieties) and 4 check varieties from IRRI. All 30 primer pairs created polymorphic bands among the 160 rice varieties from flood and tidal prone areas, which indicated that the microsatellites used were suitable for diversity analysis. A total of 337 alleles were detected with an average of 11 alleles per locus and the number of alleles per locus varied from 4 to 21. The highest PIC values were observed for the primer of RM474 (0.91), followed by RM5 (0.82), RM484 (0.81), RM214 (0.81), and RM19 (0.79). Cluster analysis divided the genotypes into four main clusters and six sub-clusters based on geographical origins and ecotypes. Microsatellite clustering (over 30 polymorphic loci) and submergence screening data indicated greater genetic diversity among 160 genotypes for molecular loci and for submergence tolerance. Tolerant genotypes in Cluster-1 are expected to have different tolerance genes. Finding relationship between tolerance and country of origin, highly tolerant varieties (FR13A and FR43B) were found from east India. Genetic diversity analysis among flood prone rice will be useful for identifying the varieties having maximum diversity with submergence tolerance and selected varieties will be useful for further studies.
{"title":"SSR Marker-based Genetic Diversity Analysis of Tidal and Flood Prone Areas in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"A. Masuduzzaman, M. Haque, M. Ahmed, A. Mohapatra","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000241","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred and sixty rice varieties from the tidal and flood prone areas of south and south East Asian countries were analyzed. Samples sizes were: 50 varieties from Bangladesh (deepwater, tidal and flood prone rice and modern varieties), 14 varieties from India (flood prone rice), 16 varieties from Sri Lanka (flood prone rice), 7 varieties from Vietnam (tidal varieties), 69 varieties from Indonesia (tidal varieties) and 4 check varieties from IRRI. All 30 primer pairs created polymorphic bands among the 160 rice varieties from flood and tidal prone areas, which indicated that the microsatellites used were suitable for diversity analysis. A total of 337 alleles were detected with an average of 11 alleles per locus and the number of alleles per locus varied from 4 to 21. The highest PIC values were observed for the primer of RM474 (0.91), followed by RM5 (0.82), RM484 (0.81), RM214 (0.81), and RM19 (0.79). Cluster analysis divided the genotypes into four main clusters and six sub-clusters based on geographical origins and ecotypes. Microsatellite clustering (over 30 polymorphic loci) and submergence screening data indicated greater genetic diversity among 160 genotypes for molecular loci and for submergence tolerance. Tolerant genotypes in Cluster-1 are expected to have different tolerance genes. Finding relationship between tolerance and country of origin, highly tolerant varieties (FR13A and FR43B) were found from east India. Genetic diversity analysis among flood prone rice will be useful for identifying the varieties having maximum diversity with submergence tolerance and selected varieties will be useful for further studies.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81944267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-09DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000240
B. Banu, G. Rajitha, K. Bharathi
Recently structural analogue-based drug discovery has become an important tool for designing more potent drugs. This study uses SAR, pharmacophore study and structural analogue-based novel drugs to design selective inhibitor molecules using internet-based tools. Substituted acyl hydrazones are known for wide variety of biological activities, such as analgesic, anti–inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-convulsant, anti-platelet, anti-tubercular, antiviral, schistomiasis and anti-tumoral activities. In the last decade several cinnamic acid derivatives were reported as potent lipoxygenase inhibitors, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. We found it interesting to combine these particular molecules and design cinnamoyl hydrazones, a series of N-[(1E)-2-substituted phenyl-1-{N'-[(1E)-phenyl methylidene] hydrazine carbonyl} eth-1-en-1-yl] benzamides. The designed compounds were predicted for their drug likeness and oral bioavailability. Selected compounds were docked with COX-2 enzyme and found that they were showing similar interactions as that of SC-558, 1000 time selective standard COX-2 inhibitor.
{"title":"An Approach to Computer Aided Drug Design of some Bioactive Cinnamoyl Hydrazones, In Silico and Docking Studies as Possible COX-2 Selective Inhibitors","authors":"B. Banu, G. Rajitha, K. Bharathi","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000240","url":null,"abstract":"Recently structural analogue-based drug discovery has become an important tool for designing more potent drugs. This study uses SAR, pharmacophore study and structural analogue-based novel drugs to design selective inhibitor molecules using internet-based tools. Substituted acyl hydrazones are known for wide variety of biological activities, such as analgesic, anti–inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-convulsant, anti-platelet, anti-tubercular, antiviral, schistomiasis and anti-tumoral activities. In the last decade several cinnamic acid derivatives were reported as potent lipoxygenase inhibitors, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. We found it interesting to combine these particular molecules and design cinnamoyl hydrazones, a series of N-[(1E)-2-substituted phenyl-1-{N'-[(1E)-phenyl methylidene] hydrazine carbonyl} eth-1-en-1-yl] benzamides. The designed compounds were predicted for their drug likeness and oral bioavailability. Selected compounds were docked with COX-2 enzyme and found that they were showing similar interactions as that of SC-558, 1000 time selective standard COX-2 inhibitor.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74031217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-06DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000238
Aditi Taunk, K. Ho, George Isk, Er, M. Willcox, N. Kumar
Infection of implanted medical devices is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections. A significant proportion of the devices become colonized by bacterial biofilms, thus resulting in high morbidity and risk of mortality. This study focuses on the non-specific covalent attachment of potent quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm inhibiting compounds, furanones (FUs) and dihydropyrrol-2-ones (DHPs), onto glass surfaces by azide/nitrene chemistry. The attachment of FUs and DHPs was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements. The modified surfaces were then assessed for their antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Both FU and DHP coated surfaces were able to significantly reduce bacterial adhesion (p<0.001) with p-bromophenyl substituted DHP giving maximum reductions of up to 93% and 71% against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Therefore, photoimmobilization of QS inhibitors is an effective technique to produce novel antibacterial biomaterial surfaces.
{"title":"Surface Immobilization of Antibacterial Quorum Sensing Inhibitors by Photochemical Activation","authors":"Aditi Taunk, K. Ho, George Isk, Er, M. Willcox, N. Kumar","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000238","url":null,"abstract":"Infection of implanted medical devices is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections. A significant proportion of the devices become colonized by bacterial biofilms, thus resulting in high morbidity and risk of mortality. This study focuses on the non-specific covalent attachment of potent quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm inhibiting compounds, furanones (FUs) and dihydropyrrol-2-ones (DHPs), onto glass surfaces by azide/nitrene chemistry. The attachment of FUs and DHPs was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements. The modified surfaces were then assessed for their antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Both FU and DHP coated surfaces were able to significantly reduce bacterial adhesion (p<0.001) with p-bromophenyl substituted DHP giving maximum reductions of up to 93% and 71% against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Therefore, photoimmobilization of QS inhibitors is an effective technique to produce novel antibacterial biomaterial surfaces.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88948956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-06DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000239
V. Ahmad, Z. Sidiq, H. Vashishtha, M. Hanif, Divy Shrivastsava, K. Dwivedi, S. Saini, K. Chopra, V. K. Badireddy, J. Bhalla
Fluoroquinolones are among the most promising antibiotic drugs for Tuberculosis treatment. Although high levels of fluoroquinolone resistance have been detected among many common bacterial pathogens, little is known about the fluoroquinolone resistance of M. tuberculosis especially at the baseline. The present study was thus aimed at determining the profile of resistance against two newer generation fluoroquinolones-Moxifloxacin and Levofloxacin in MDR-TB isolates with baseline resistance to ofloxacin. A total number of 65 isolates (4 XDR and 61 pre-XDR) were subjected to susceptible testing against levofloxacin and two (higher and lower) concentrations of moxifloxacin. 72.3% in addition to being resistant to ofloxacin were also resistant to levofloxacin and lower concentration of moxifloxacin. The increasing use of FQs for the treatment of other bacterial infections has led to increasing resistance to these antimicrobials. Newer generation FQs are promising drugs in the treatment of drugresistant Tuberculosis but care should be taken regarding the rationale use of these drugs for the treatment of other diseases especially when other drugs are available.
{"title":"Additional Resistance to Moxifloxacin and Levofloxacin among MDR-TB Patients with Base Line Resistance to Ofloxacin at a Reference Laboratory","authors":"V. Ahmad, Z. Sidiq, H. Vashishtha, M. Hanif, Divy Shrivastsava, K. Dwivedi, S. Saini, K. Chopra, V. K. Badireddy, J. Bhalla","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000239","url":null,"abstract":"Fluoroquinolones are among the most promising antibiotic drugs for Tuberculosis treatment. Although high levels of fluoroquinolone resistance have been detected among many common bacterial pathogens, little is known about the fluoroquinolone resistance of M. tuberculosis especially at the baseline. The present study was thus aimed at determining the profile of resistance against two newer generation fluoroquinolones-Moxifloxacin and Levofloxacin in MDR-TB isolates with baseline resistance to ofloxacin. A total number of 65 isolates (4 XDR and 61 pre-XDR) were subjected to susceptible testing against levofloxacin and two (higher and lower) concentrations of moxifloxacin. 72.3% in addition to being resistant to ofloxacin were also resistant to levofloxacin and lower concentration of moxifloxacin. The increasing use of FQs for the treatment of other bacterial infections has led to increasing resistance to these antimicrobials. Newer generation FQs are promising drugs in the treatment of drugresistant Tuberculosis but care should be taken regarding the rationale use of these drugs for the treatment of other diseases especially when other drugs are available.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82369934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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