Root-knot nematode is a kind of omnivorous plant pathogenic nematode that causes great harm to underground roots and above-ground parts of plants, and has become a serious factor restricting the development of global agriculture. In order to realize the sustainable development of agriculture, the research carried out an in-depth discussion on biological control methods. Firstly, a bacillus was obtained through insecticidal experiments, then a large amount of materials was obtained through purification and cultivation, and then the stability test of the active substance of Bacillus was conducted to explore its influence to root-knot nematodes. Finally, the pot verification experiment and field verification experiment were conducted. The results showed that in the insecticidal experiment, the accumulation of active substances at 14 h was the maximum, and the corresponding mortality of root-knot nematodes at 12 h and 24 h was 97.6% and 82.91%, respectively. In the BS pot experiment, the number of tomato root knot formation in the bacillus treated group was significantly reduced by 46.3% compared with the control group, and the number of egg sac of the rhizome was reduced by 78.31%. On the 120th day of field verification experiment, the fruit quantity and yield per plant in the treatment group increased by 17.02% and 11.85%, respectively. In summary, Bacillus can effectively reduce the damage of root knot nematode to tomato plants, and has a good prospect of application and popularization.
根结线虫是一种杂食性植物病原线虫，对植物地下根系和地上部分危害极大，已成为制约全球农业发展的严重因素。为了实现农业的可持续发展，该研究对生物防治方法进行了深入探讨。首先，通过杀虫实验获得了芽孢杆菌，然后通过纯化和培养获得了大量材料，接着进行了芽孢杆菌活性物质的稳定性试验，探讨其对根结线虫的影响。最后，进行了盆栽验证实验和田间验证实验。结果表明，在杀虫实验中，活性物质在 14 h 的积累量最大，相应的根结线虫在 12 h 和 24 h 的死亡率分别为 97.6%和 82.91%。在 BS 盆栽实验中，杆菌处理组的番茄根结形成数比对照组显著减少了 46.3%，根茎卵囊数减少了 78.31%。在田间试验的第 120 天，处理组的果实数量和单株产量分别增加了 17.02% 和 11.85%。综上所述，芽孢杆菌能有效减轻根结线虫对番茄植株的危害，具有良好的应用和推广前景。
{"title":"Application Effect of Bacillus in Tomato Root Knot Nematode Disease Control","authors":"Yunhong Geng","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2365","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot nematode is a kind of omnivorous plant pathogenic nematode that causes great harm to underground roots and above-ground parts of plants, and has become a serious factor restricting the development of global agriculture. In order to realize the sustainable development of agriculture,\u0000 the research carried out an in-depth discussion on biological control methods. Firstly, a bacillus was obtained through insecticidal experiments, then a large amount of materials was obtained through purification and cultivation, and then the stability test of the active substance of Bacillus\u0000 was conducted to explore its influence to root-knot nematodes. Finally, the pot verification experiment and field verification experiment were conducted. The results showed that in the insecticidal experiment, the accumulation of active substances at 14 h was the maximum, and the corresponding\u0000 mortality of root-knot nematodes at 12 h and 24 h was 97.6% and 82.91%, respectively. In the BS pot experiment, the number of tomato root knot formation in the bacillus treated group was significantly reduced by 46.3% compared with the control group, and the number of egg sac of the rhizome\u0000 was reduced by 78.31%. On the 120th day of field verification experiment, the fruit quantity and yield per plant in the treatment group increased by 17.02% and 11.85%, respectively. In summary, Bacillus can effectively reduce the damage of root knot nematode to tomato plants, and has a good\u0000 prospect of application and popularization.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Black garlic possesses antioxidant effects, however, its specific antioxidant mechanism remains elusive. The present study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of black garlic using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. By reviewing literature and collecting the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database, a total of 67 black garlic active ingredients and 583 potential target proteins were obtained. Taking the intersection with oxidative stress targets resulted in 357 intersection targets. After network pharmacology analysis, the core active ingredients apigenin, ferulic acid, palmitic acid, quercetin and caffeic acid were identified. The core targets are KIT, KDR and ERBB2. The core pathway is the PI3K/Akt pathway. Molecular docking results showed that KIT and ERBB2 have relatively high docking scores, and all three targets have the best binding effects with quercetin, indicating that active ingredients in black garlic such as quercetin may mainly act on targets like KIT, KDR and ERBB2 to exert antioxidant effects. Collectively, the study indicates that black garlic have good antioxidant effects at a theoretical level, providing theoretical basis for the development of functional products of black garlic.
{"title":"Antioxidant Mechanism of Black Garlic Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking","authors":"Yuchen Shang, Qiuhong Wang, Shuyang Feng, Zhangbing Du, Shiyou Liang, Jing Dai, Zhenzhen Wang, Ruyi Sha, Jianwei Mao, Liming Zhang","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2374","url":null,"abstract":"Black garlic possesses antioxidant effects, however, its specific antioxidant mechanism remains elusive. The present study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of black garlic using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. By reviewing literature and collecting the Traditional\u0000 Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database, a total of 67 black garlic active ingredients and 583 potential target proteins were obtained. Taking the intersection with oxidative stress targets resulted in 357 intersection targets. After network pharmacology\u0000 analysis, the core active ingredients apigenin, ferulic acid, palmitic acid, quercetin and caffeic acid were identified. The core targets are KIT, KDR and ERBB2. The core pathway is the PI3K/Akt pathway. Molecular docking results showed that KIT and ERBB2 have relatively high docking scores,\u0000 and all three targets have the best binding effects with quercetin, indicating that active ingredients in black garlic such as quercetin may mainly act on targets like KIT, KDR and ERBB2 to exert antioxidant effects. Collectively, the study indicates that black garlic have good antioxidant\u0000 effects at a theoretical level, providing theoretical basis for the development of functional products of black garlic.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanism of Periplaneta americana extracts and rabeprazole in treating gastric mucosal injury were explored through ER stress pathway. Acute gastric mucosal injury model rats were made by intragastric administration of anhydrous ethanol. The rats were then randomly assigned to different groups: model group, Periplaneta americana extracts group, rabeprazole group and combined drug group of rabeprazole and Periplaneta americana extracts, with 6 rats in each group. A normal control group, comprising of six rats, was fed a standard diet. Drug groups were treated with intragastric administration for 3 days. The apparent morphological changes of gastric mucosal injury repair in each group of rats were observed. The length and width of the damaged erosion bands were measured and recorded by vernier caliper, and the index of gastric mucosal damage of rats was calculated using the Guth 57 standard method. Pathological repair of gastric mucosal damage was visualized using hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE). The protein expression of gastric mucosa glucose regulated protein (GRP 78), transcriptional activator 6 (ATF 6), C/EBP (CHOP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by protein immunoblot (Western Blot, WB). The content of prostaglandin 2 (PGE 2) in the gastric mucosa and serum was observed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results were compared between the other groups and the model group. Intervention treatment in each experimental group demonstrated effective improvement of gastric mucosal injury, reduction in the index of gastric mucosal injury, downregulation of the protein expression of GRP 78, ATF 6, CHOP, and IL-6 in the gastric mucosa. Increasing the content of PGE2 in gastric mucosa and serum, and promoting the repair of inflammation. Notably, the combined drug group exhibited the most significant intervention effect, with a statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Periplaneta americana extracts, Rabeprazole alone and in combination have different degrees of protection and repair effect on gastric mucosal injury. The regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) may affect the mechanism of action, reducing the protein expression of inflammatory factors, increasing the expression level of PGE2, and promoting the recovery of normal physiological metabolic environment of gastric mucosa.
{"title":"To Explore the Mechanism of Periplaneta americana Extracts and Rebeprazole Intervention in Gastric Mucosal Injury Based on ERS Pathway","authors":"Dekun Wu, Guiqing Yan, Wenyuan Xie, Ying Mo, Youming Tang, Feng Jiang","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2368","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism of Periplaneta americana extracts and rabeprazole in treating gastric mucosal injury were explored through ER stress pathway. Acute gastric mucosal injury model rats were made by intragastric administration of anhydrous ethanol. The rats were then randomly assigned\u0000 to different groups: model group, Periplaneta americana extracts group, rabeprazole group and combined drug group of rabeprazole and Periplaneta americana extracts, with 6 rats in each group. A normal control group, comprising of six rats, was fed a standard diet. Drug groups\u0000 were treated with intragastric administration for 3 days. The apparent morphological changes of gastric mucosal injury repair in each group of rats were observed. The length and width of the damaged erosion bands were measured and recorded by vernier caliper, and the index of gastric mucosal\u0000 damage of rats was calculated using the Guth 57 standard method. Pathological repair of gastric mucosal damage was visualized using hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE). The protein expression of gastric mucosa glucose regulated protein (GRP 78), transcriptional activator 6 (ATF 6), C/EBP (CHOP)\u0000 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by protein immunoblot (Western Blot, WB). The content of prostaglandin 2 (PGE 2) in the gastric mucosa and serum was observed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results were compared between the other groups and the\u0000 model group. Intervention treatment in each experimental group demonstrated effective improvement of gastric mucosal injury, reduction in the index of gastric mucosal injury, downregulation of the protein expression of GRP 78, ATF 6, CHOP, and IL-6 in the gastric mucosa. Increasing the content\u0000 of PGE2 in gastric mucosa and serum, and promoting the repair of inflammation. Notably, the combined drug group exhibited the most significant intervention effect, with a statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Periplaneta americana extracts, Rabeprazole alone and\u0000 in combination have different degrees of protection and repair effect on gastric mucosal injury. The regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) may affect the mechanism of action, reducing the protein expression of inflammatory factors, increasing the expression level of PGE2, and promoting\u0000 the recovery of normal physiological metabolic environment of gastric mucosa.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140086414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous factors can influence the growth, reproduction, and metabolism of microbes, which influence the yield and production cost. Bacillus sp. EtOH is a bacterial strain with a high yield of ethanol. In this paper, medium of Bacillus sp. EtOH was optimized. Different carbon/nitrogen sources were investigated, and the best carbon source (sucrose) and nitrogen source (ammonium sulfate) were determined to improve ethanol production. In addition, the best initial pH, temperature, and inoculation volume were 7, 37 °C and 1%, respectively. This study will be conducive to the subsequent ethanol fermentation, and improve application level of Bacillus sp. EtOH.
{"title":"Optimization of the Conditions for the Growth and Ethanol Production of Strain Bacillus sp. EtOH","authors":"Haifeng Wu, Limei Huang, Jieli Li, Donglin Yang, Changhua Shang","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2375","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous factors can influence the growth, reproduction, and metabolism of microbes, which influence the yield and production cost. Bacillus sp. EtOH is a bacterial strain with a high yield of ethanol. In this paper, medium of Bacillus sp. EtOH was optimized. Different\u0000 carbon/nitrogen sources were investigated, and the best carbon source (sucrose) and nitrogen source (ammonium sulfate) were determined to improve ethanol production. In addition, the best initial pH, temperature, and inoculation volume were 7, 37 °C and 1%, respectively. This\u0000 study will be conducive to the subsequent ethanol fermentation, and improve application level of Bacillus sp. EtOH.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140088921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-temperature rice bran meal (HTRBM) is a valuable plant protein resource derived from heat-stabilized rice bran after oil extraction. Steam flash explosion (SFE) is a promising method for protein modification and has been shown to be effective in improving the properties of a variety of proteins. However, the effects of SFE on the Maillard reaction and emulsification of HTRBM remain poorly understood. This research evaluated how different SFE conditions affect the browning degree, physicochemical properties, solubility, emulsifying properties, thermal stability, zeta potential, and particle size of rice bran protein. Samples were labeled as follows: Sample 0 (SFE-untreated HTRBM), Sample 1 (0.8 MPa/140 s), Sample 2 (0.8 MPa/180 s), Sample 3 (1.25 MPa/90 s), Sample 4 (1.25 MPa/180 s), Sample 5 (1.7 MPa/90 s), and Sample 6 (1.7 MPa/180 s). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and other methods were employed to measure the aforementioned properties. The results revealed a substantial elevation in the browning degree of rice bran protein after SFE treatment, with A294 increasing by 82.3% and A420 increasing by 46.3% in Sample 4. The solubility and emulsifying properties exhibited notable enhancements, with an increase of 122.48% in solubility (Sample 5), and 26.51% and 26.58% increment in emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsifying stability index (ESI), respectively (Sample 3). FTIR and fluorescence spectra revealed the introduction of sugar groups into rice bran protein molecules, resulting in the Maillard reaction. The observed reduction in particle size and rise in zeta potential of rice bran protein emulsions, along with the reduction in denaturation temperature after SFE treatments, further confirmed the significant enhancements in physicochemical and emulsifying properties of HTRBM, thereby enhancing the utilization value of rice bran protein. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of HTRBM and its protein.
{"title":"Effect of Steam Flash Explosion on Physicochemical and Emulsifying Properties of High-Temperature Rice Bran Meal Protein","authors":"Haixin Bi, Yingbin Wang, Zhaojun Chen, Zhiguo Na","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2362","url":null,"abstract":"High-temperature rice bran meal (HTRBM) is a valuable plant protein resource derived from heat-stabilized rice bran after oil extraction. Steam flash explosion (SFE) is a promising method for protein modification and has been shown to be effective in improving the properties of a variety\u0000 of proteins. However, the effects of SFE on the Maillard reaction and emulsification of HTRBM remain poorly understood. This research evaluated how different SFE conditions affect the browning degree, physicochemical properties, solubility, emulsifying properties, thermal stability, zeta potential,\u0000 and particle size of rice bran protein. Samples were labeled as follows: Sample 0 (SFE-untreated HTRBM), Sample 1 (0.8 MPa/140 s), Sample 2 (0.8 MPa/180 s), Sample 3 (1.25 MPa/90 s), Sample 4 (1.25 MPa/180 s), Sample 5 (1.7 MPa/90 s), and Sample 6 (1.7 MPa/180 s). Fourier transform infrared\u0000 (FTIR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and other methods were employed to measure the aforementioned properties. The results revealed a substantial elevation in the browning degree of rice bran protein after SFE treatment, with A294\u0000 increasing by 82.3% and A420 increasing by 46.3% in Sample 4. The solubility and emulsifying properties exhibited notable enhancements, with an increase of 122.48% in solubility (Sample 5), and 26.51% and 26.58% increment in emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsifying stability\u0000 index (ESI), respectively (Sample 3). FTIR and fluorescence spectra revealed the introduction of sugar groups into rice bran protein molecules, resulting in the Maillard reaction. The observed reduction in particle size and rise in zeta potential of rice bran protein emulsions, along with\u0000 the reduction in denaturation temperature after SFE treatments, further confirmed the significant enhancements in physicochemical and emulsifying properties of HTRBM, thereby enhancing the utilization value of rice bran protein. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and\u0000 utilization of HTRBM and its protein.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140087726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tree transplanting has become a crucial technical tool in both national afforestation projects and the development of garden greening. The demand for creating green ecological urban environments has significantly increased with the development of modern urbanization and improved living standards. Consequently, there is an increasing need for ornamental trees in urban construction. Ensuring higher survival rates in tree transplantation technology is of utmost importance. Given that temperature strongly influences tree growth, it is imperative to investigate how different water-retaining agents (WRAs) and 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT) rooting powder impact the survival rate of transplanted ornamental trees. After transplantation, ornamental trees were subjected to varying dosages of WRAs and concentrations of ABT rooting powder, and their cold tolerance (CT) was evaluated using the conductivity method and growth test. The results revealed that the application of rooting powder significantly enhanced the CT of willow trees by 24.4%, 14.7%, and 30.2% in September, December, and March, compared with untreated ones. For the same months, the CT of magnolia trees increased by 57.4%, 23.7%, and 16.8%. Additionally, during those months, the CT of cypress trees treated with WRAs showed remarkable improvement, increasing by 108.9%, 108.9%, and 108.9%, respectively, with enhancements of 6.6% and 27.3% compared to untreated cypress trees. These findings highlight the crucial importance of investigating the impact of various WRAs and ABT rooting powder on the survival rate of transplanted ornamental trees, establishing a crucial benchmark for future advancements in this domain.
{"title":"Effect of Different Water-Retaining Agents and 1-Aminobenzotriazole Rooting Powder on the Survival of Ornamental Tree Transplants","authors":"Congli Tan, Jia Wang","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2357","url":null,"abstract":"Tree transplanting has become a crucial technical tool in both national afforestation projects and the development of garden greening. The demand for creating green ecological urban environments has significantly increased with the development of modern urbanization and improved living\u0000 standards. Consequently, there is an increasing need for ornamental trees in urban construction. Ensuring higher survival rates in tree transplantation technology is of utmost importance. Given that temperature strongly influences tree growth, it is imperative to investigate how different\u0000 water-retaining agents (WRAs) and 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT) rooting powder impact the survival rate of transplanted ornamental trees. After transplantation, ornamental trees were subjected to varying dosages of WRAs and concentrations of ABT rooting powder, and their cold tolerance (CT) was\u0000 evaluated using the conductivity method and growth test. The results revealed that the application of rooting powder significantly enhanced the CT of willow trees by 24.4%, 14.7%, and 30.2% in September, December, and March, compared with untreated ones. For the same months, the CT of magnolia\u0000 trees increased by 57.4%, 23.7%, and 16.8%. Additionally, during those months, the CT of cypress trees treated with WRAs showed remarkable improvement, increasing by 108.9%, 108.9%, and 108.9%, respectively, with enhancements of 6.6% and 27.3% compared to untreated cypress trees. These findings\u0000 highlight the crucial importance of investigating the impact of various WRAs and ABT rooting powder on the survival rate of transplanted ornamental trees, establishing a crucial benchmark for future advancements in this domain.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrothermal pretreatment is a green pretreatment technology, which can effectively promote the degradation of biomass without adding any chemical reagent. In this study, hydrothermal pretreatment on improving digestibility of corncobs was investigated and the effect of hydrothermal pretreatment on changes of structure of the corncob lignocellulose was investigated. The composition and amounts of sugar content in hydrolysate and enzymatic hydrolysate were determined. Hydrothermal treatment destroyed the lignocellulose structure of corncob and caused different degrees of degradation. With the increasing temperature of hydrothermal treatment, the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in corncob was detected with increasing the content of reducing sugars in hydrolysate. The hydrolysate of corncob treated by hydrothermal treatment at 190 °C for 60 min mainly included glucose, xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose. The content of glucose, xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose in the hydrolysate of hydrothermal treatment corncob was at level of 0.001 mg • g−1, 16.740 mg • g−1, 4.306 mg • g−1 and 3.164 mg • g−1 respectively. The yield of glucose, xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose in enzymatic hydrolysate were 4.771 mg • g−1, 64.437 mg • g−1, 6.853 mg • g−1 and 1.835 mg • g−1, respectively. The understanding will help to improve the conversion and utilization of corncob as an agriculture residue.
{"title":"Component Analysis of Corncob After Hydrothermal Treatment","authors":"Juntao Sun, Zhichao Zhang, Deguo Wang, Quanzeng Wei, Fugang Xiao, Jing Zhan, Tianlu Lan","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2366","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrothermal pretreatment is a green pretreatment technology, which can effectively promote the degradation of biomass without adding any chemical reagent. In this study, hydrothermal pretreatment on improving digestibility of corncobs was investigated and the effect of hydrothermal\u0000 pretreatment on changes of structure of the corncob lignocellulose was investigated. The composition and amounts of sugar content in hydrolysate and enzymatic hydrolysate were determined. Hydrothermal treatment destroyed the lignocellulose structure of corncob and caused different degrees\u0000 of degradation. With the increasing temperature of hydrothermal treatment, the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in corncob was detected with increasing the content of reducing sugars in hydrolysate. The hydrolysate of corncob treated by hydrothermal treatment at 190 °C\u0000 for 60 min mainly included glucose, xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose. The content of glucose, xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose in the hydrolysate of hydrothermal treatment corncob was at level of 0.001 mg • g−1, 16.740 mg • g−1, 4.306\u0000 mg • g−1 and 3.164 mg • g−1 respectively. The yield of glucose, xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose in enzymatic hydrolysate were 4.771 mg • g−1, 64.437 mg • g−1, 6.853 mg • g−1\u0000 and 1.835 mg • g−1, respectively. The understanding will help to improve the conversion and utilization of corncob as an agriculture residue.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunzhe Dong, Qiuli Wu, Lili Dong, Huanru Guo, Zhonghua Wang
After years of selective breeding, numerous cultivars of Fritillaria thunbergii have been cultivated in various regions of Zhejiang Province, showing significant genomic and epigenetic differences. Molecular marker loci developed so far are mainly based on non-coding regions of the genome, and their identification efficiency is limited when applied to these cultivars. Therefore, this study used start codon targeted polymorphism molecular marker to detect PCR amplification of 100 Fritillaria thunbergii samples from various sources. The SCoT-PCR reaction system was optimized using a single-factor and orthogonal testing to determine the optimal conditions: DNA concentration of 4.2 ng • μL−1, primer concentration of 0.88 μmol • L−1, dNTP concentration of 0.35 mmol • L−1, Mg2+ concentration of 2.5 mmol • L−1, Supercharm Fidelity enzyme amount of 1.2 U, and total reaction volume of 25 μL. Moreover, 16 effective primers were identified, including SCoT1, SCoT2, SCoT3, SCoT7, SCoT11, SCoT12, SCoT14, SCoT17, SCoT19, SCoT23, SCoT25, SCoT26, SCoT29, SCoT35, and SCoT37. The annealing temperature for each primer was determined. Among them, SCoT14, SCoT25, SCoT29, SCoT35, and SCoT41 were specific for identifying six main cultivars: “Zhebei 1”, “Zhebei 2”, “Zhebei 3”, “Xuansanzi”, “Sanzi”, and “Duozi”. SCoT7, SCoT14, and SCoT35 were useful in tracking mutations in progeny of Zhebei 3 after radiation treatment, while SCoT29 could distinguish Zhebei 1 from Chunan. In addition, cluster analysis was conducted to simulate the genetic relationship between different cultivars, demonstrating that genetic similarity analysis is practically significant for predicting genetic correlation among different cultivars. The results not only improve the identification ability of Fritillaria thunbergii cultivars, but also help objectively evaluate their genetic stability and environmental adaptability. These achievements provide important scientific evidence for the ecological protection and utilization of germplasm resources of Fritillaria thunbergii and serve as a reference for exploring genetic diversity and evolution of traditional Chinese medicine.
{"title":"Establishment of Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism Molecular Markers System and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Fritillaria thunbergii","authors":"Yunzhe Dong, Qiuli Wu, Lili Dong, Huanru Guo, Zhonghua Wang","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2355","url":null,"abstract":"After years of selective breeding, numerous cultivars of Fritillaria thunbergii have been cultivated in various regions of Zhejiang Province, showing significant genomic and epigenetic differences. Molecular marker loci developed so far are mainly based on non-coding regions\u0000 of the genome, and their identification efficiency is limited when applied to these cultivars. Therefore, this study used start codon targeted polymorphism molecular marker to detect PCR amplification of 100 Fritillaria thunbergii samples from various sources. The SCoT-PCR reaction\u0000 system was optimized using a single-factor and orthogonal testing to determine the optimal conditions: DNA concentration of 4.2 ng • μL−1, primer concentration of 0.88 μmol • L−1, dNTP concentration of 0.35 mmol • L−1,\u0000 Mg2+ concentration of 2.5 mmol • L−1, Supercharm Fidelity enzyme amount of 1.2 U, and total reaction volume of 25 μL. Moreover, 16 effective primers were identified, including SCoT1, SCoT2, SCoT3, SCoT7, SCoT11, SCoT12, SCoT14, SCoT17, SCoT19, SCoT23, SCoT25,\u0000 SCoT26, SCoT29, SCoT35, and SCoT37. The annealing temperature for each primer was determined. Among them, SCoT14, SCoT25, SCoT29, SCoT35, and SCoT41 were specific for identifying six main cultivars: “Zhebei 1”, “Zhebei 2”, “Zhebei 3”, “Xuansanzi”,\u0000 “Sanzi”, and “Duozi”. SCoT7, SCoT14, and SCoT35 were useful in tracking mutations in progeny of Zhebei 3 after radiation treatment, while SCoT29 could distinguish Zhebei 1 from Chunan. In addition, cluster analysis was conducted to simulate the genetic relationship\u0000 between different cultivars, demonstrating that genetic similarity analysis is practically significant for predicting genetic correlation among different cultivars. The results not only improve the identification ability of Fritillaria thunbergii cultivars, but also help objectively\u0000 evaluate their genetic stability and environmental adaptability. These achievements provide important scientific evidence for the ecological protection and utilization of germplasm resources of Fritillaria thunbergii and serve as a reference for exploring genetic diversity and evolution\u0000 of traditional Chinese medicine.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140082373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ningbo Yang, Jie Li, Hongxia Hu, Lele Zhang, Hongbo Zhang, Guoxiu Zhang, Yanhong Li
This study aims to analyze the abnormal expression of lncRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with schizophrenia, investigate the influencing factors of prepulse inhibition deficit in patients and observe the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. A total of 106 patients with schizophrenia who underwent treatment at our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were included, along with 45 healthy individuals who received routine check-ups as control subjects. The significantly expressed lncRNAs were validated and analyzed using ROC curve analysis, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing prepulse inhibition deficit. Find 125 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed lncRNAs in the PBMCs of patients with schizophrenia, including 62 upregulated and 63 downregulated lncRNAs. And smoking amount, and relapse frequency were influencing factors for prepulse inhibition deficit in patients with schizophrenia. Animal experiments were conducted using hematoxylin eosin staining to observe the number and morphology of neurons in the hippocampal CA3 area and prefrontal cortex of rats, and the effects of natural Chinese medicine Poria cocos on the nervous system were analyzed. Find the acidic polysaccharides from Poria cocos, a natural traditional Chinese medicine, can promote the regeneration of neuronal cells, reduce excessive autophagy of neurons in the CA3 area of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats, promote neuronal cell proliferation, and improve neuronal cell morphology. Traditional Chinese medicine has good effects in psychopathology, positive and negative symptoms, and PANSS total score. Disruption of lncRNA expression may be one of the biological factors contributing to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and is closely related to its mechanism. Prepulse inhibition, reflecting sensory gating function, is an important factor affecting perceptual and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia. Gender, smoking amount, and relapse frequency may influence prepulse inhibition deficit in these patients. Traditional Chinese medicine shows potential in improving prepulse inhibition deficit. The acidic polysaccharides from Poria cocos, a natural traditional Chinese medicine, can promote the regeneration of neuronal cells, effectively improve the damage to the structure and function of neurons in the hippocampal CA3 area and prefrontal cortex. When used in combination with other traditional Chinese medicines, it could offer new approaches for treating schizophrenia.
{"title":"Influencing Factors of Prepulse Inhibition Deficit in Patients with Schizophrenia and Observations on the Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine","authors":"Ningbo Yang, Jie Li, Hongxia Hu, Lele Zhang, Hongbo Zhang, Guoxiu Zhang, Yanhong Li","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2372","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the abnormal expression of lncRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with schizophrenia, investigate the influencing factors of prepulse inhibition deficit in patients and observe the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. A total\u0000 of 106 patients with schizophrenia who underwent treatment at our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were included, along with 45 healthy individuals who received routine check-ups as control subjects. The significantly expressed lncRNAs were validated and analyzed using ROC curve\u0000 analysis, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing prepulse inhibition deficit. Find 125 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed lncRNAs in the PBMCs of patients with schizophrenia, including 62 upregulated and 63 downregulated lncRNAs. And smoking\u0000 amount, and relapse frequency were influencing factors for prepulse inhibition deficit in patients with schizophrenia. Animal experiments were conducted using hematoxylin eosin staining to observe the number and morphology of neurons in the hippocampal CA3 area and prefrontal cortex of rats,\u0000 and the effects of natural Chinese medicine Poria cocos on the nervous system were analyzed. Find the acidic polysaccharides from Poria cocos, a natural traditional Chinese medicine, can promote the regeneration of neuronal cells, reduce excessive autophagy of neurons in the CA3 area of the\u0000 hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats, promote neuronal cell proliferation, and improve neuronal cell morphology. Traditional Chinese medicine has good effects in psychopathology, positive and negative symptoms, and PANSS total score. Disruption of lncRNA expression may be one of the biological\u0000 factors contributing to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and is closely related to its mechanism. Prepulse inhibition, reflecting sensory gating function, is an important factor affecting perceptual and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia. Gender, smoking amount, and relapse\u0000 frequency may influence prepulse inhibition deficit in these patients. Traditional Chinese medicine shows potential in improving prepulse inhibition deficit. The acidic polysaccharides from Poria cocos, a natural traditional Chinese medicine, can promote the regeneration of neuronal cells,\u0000 effectively improve the damage to the structure and function of neurons in the hippocampal CA3 area and prefrontal cortex. When used in combination with other traditional Chinese medicines, it could offer new approaches for treating schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaolan Deng, Weiheng Cui, Fuling Li, Xiaoliang Chen, Siqin Wang
With approximately 2 million lung cancer patients and 1.8 million deaths per year, the world ranks among the highest incidence rates in the world. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for up to 85% of lung cancer patients and has a poor prognosis. To investigate the mechanism of Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction in the treatment of NSCLC. Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction, consisting of ten traditional Chinese medicines, was analyzed using the TCMSP database to identify its active ingredients and their corresponding targets. Simultaneously, NSCLC-related targets were obtained from GeneCards. The study aimed to predict Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction’s targets in treating NSCLC and establish a network diagram illustrating the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine, active ingredients, targets, and the disease. The STRING platform was used to construct a PPI network, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis were performed on the intersecting targets. Based on the interaction network analysis, the core target proteins, represented by the TOP5 nodes with the highest degrees, were selected. These core targets were then subjected to molecular docking with the top five key active components of Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction to construct the docking model. We identified 132 active components in Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction and picked the TOP 5 proteins from the PPI network as the primary active elements in Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction for NSCLC treatment, including kaempferol, quercetin, ingenin, luteolin, and osterol, involving a total of 209 targets. The top five core targets obtained by PPI network were AKT1, TP53, STAT3, TNF and IL6. A total of 7879 targets related to NSCLC were retrieved, and 164 drug-disease intersection targets were identified. GO functional analysis results showed that 164 gene sets were involved in 377 biological processes, mainly involved in 79 processes related to cell composition and 46 molecular function expression processes. KEGG enrichment results showed 132 significantly enriched signaling pathways. Molecular docking findings indicated favorable binding interactions between the receptor and ligand, suggesting a strong affinity between the key NSCLC treatment protein and the primary active ingredient in Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction. The potential mechanism of Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction in NSCLC treatment may involve flavonoids, triterpenoids and other compounds regulate lung cancer-related signaling pathways by acting on AKT1, TP53, STAT3 and other proteins to affect the expression of P53, IL6 and other cytokines. This may help regulate immune function and inhibit tumor cell proliferation.
{"title":"The Mechanism of Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology","authors":"Xiaolan Deng, Weiheng Cui, Fuling Li, Xiaoliang Chen, Siqin Wang","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2369","url":null,"abstract":"With approximately 2 million lung cancer patients and 1.8 million deaths per year, the world ranks among the highest incidence rates in the world. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for up to 85% of lung cancer patients and has a poor prognosis. To investigate the mechanism\u0000 of Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction in the treatment of NSCLC. Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction, consisting of ten traditional Chinese medicines, was analyzed using the TCMSP database to identify its active ingredients and their corresponding targets. Simultaneously, NSCLC-related targets were obtained from\u0000 GeneCards. The study aimed to predict Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction’s targets in treating NSCLC and establish a network diagram illustrating the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine, active ingredients, targets, and the disease. The STRING platform was used to construct a PPI\u0000 network, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis were performed on the intersecting targets. Based on the interaction network analysis, the core target proteins, represented by the TOP5 nodes with the highest degrees,\u0000 were selected. These core targets were then subjected to molecular docking with the top five key active components of Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction to construct the docking model. We identified 132 active components in Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction and picked the TOP 5 proteins from the PPI network\u0000 as the primary active elements in Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction for NSCLC treatment, including kaempferol, quercetin, ingenin, luteolin, and osterol, involving a total of 209 targets. The top five core targets obtained by PPI network were AKT1, TP53, STAT3, TNF and IL6. A total of 7879 targets\u0000 related to NSCLC were retrieved, and 164 drug-disease intersection targets were identified. GO functional analysis results showed that 164 gene sets were involved in 377 biological processes, mainly involved in 79 processes related to cell composition and 46 molecular function expression processes.\u0000 KEGG enrichment results showed 132 significantly enriched signaling pathways. Molecular docking findings indicated favorable binding interactions between the receptor and ligand, suggesting a strong affinity between the key NSCLC treatment protein and the primary active ingredient in Fuzheng\u0000 Xiaoji Decoction. The potential mechanism of Fuzheng Xiaoji Decoction in NSCLC treatment may involve flavonoids, triterpenoids and other compounds regulate lung cancer-related signaling pathways by acting on AKT1, TP53, STAT3 and other proteins to affect the expression of P53, IL6 and other\u0000 cytokines. This may help regulate immune function and inhibit tumor cell proliferation.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140086067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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