Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different biocontrol agents against shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius) infesting okra at Biological Control farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) during two successive years, kharif, 2018 and 2019. Among the different biocontrol agents evaluated, the plots sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis @ 5 g/litre for three times at fortnightly interval witnessed lowest larval population (0.52 larva(e)/plant) and fruit damage (7.00%-number basis, 8.09%-weight basis). The treatment comprising six releases of egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis @ 50,000 parasitoids/ha was found next effective treatment with lower larval population (0.67larva(e)/plant) and fruit damage (8.19%-number basis, 9.97%-weight basis). This bio-efficacy of egg parasitoid T. chilonis was statistically at par with the efficacy of treatments viz., Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) @ 5% and Beauveria bassiana@ 5 g/litre. The highest fruit yield was documented in the treatment B. thuringiensis @ 5 g/litre (111.02 q/ha, CB ratio 1:2.79) followed by the treatments T. chilonis @ 50,000 parasitoids/ha (105.10 q/ha, CB ratio 1:2.77) and NSKE @ 5% (104.64 q/ha, CB ratio 1:2.76). The significant findings of this study could be used to frame BIPM strategy for the management of shoot and fruit borer, E. vittella in okra.
{"title":"Bio-efficacy of different biocontrol agents against shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in okra","authors":"N. Patel, B. Raghunandan, N. Patel, G. Sivakumar","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/29112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/29112","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different biocontrol agents against shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius) infesting okra at Biological Control farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) during two successive years, kharif, 2018 and 2019. Among the different biocontrol agents evaluated, the plots sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis @ 5 g/litre for three times at fortnightly interval witnessed lowest larval population (0.52 larva(e)/plant) and fruit damage (7.00%-number basis, 8.09%-weight basis). The treatment comprising six releases of egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis @ 50,000 parasitoids/ha was found next effective treatment with lower larval population (0.67larva(e)/plant) and fruit damage (8.19%-number basis, 9.97%-weight basis). This bio-efficacy of egg parasitoid T. chilonis was statistically at par with the efficacy of treatments viz., Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) @ 5% and Beauveria bassiana@ 5 g/litre. The highest fruit yield was documented in the treatment B. thuringiensis @ 5 g/litre (111.02 q/ha, CB ratio 1:2.79) followed by the treatments T. chilonis @ 50,000 parasitoids/ha (105.10 q/ha, CB ratio 1:2.77) and NSKE @ 5% (104.64 q/ha, CB ratio 1:2.76). The significant findings of this study could be used to frame BIPM strategy for the management of shoot and fruit borer, E. vittella in okra.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72414078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Priyatharsini, K. Premalatha, S. Krishnamoorthy, N. Sathiah, K. Senguttuvan
The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in reduction of cotton stem weevil in ecofriendly manner is attaining importance in recent days. In present study, three treatments including IPM module 1, IPM module 2 and farmers’ practice were imposed against cotton stem weevil in a field trial. Among the three treatments, IPM module 2 which included basal application of FYM 25 t/ha and 250 kg/ha of neem cake, seed treatment with Beauveria bassania @10g/kg of seed, border crop with Hibiscus cannabinus, soil drenching with Imidacloprid 17.80 SL @ 25 g a.i./ha (125 ml/ha) at 15 DAS and placement of cotton stem bits (25 kg/500box/ha) + Hibiscus cannabinus stem bits (25 kg/500box/ha) + Chlorpyriphos dust 1.5 DP (2.5 kg/500box/ha) @ 30 DAS followed by earthing up @ 30 DAS recorded least stem weevil infestation of 13.21% with a yield of 1642.75 kg/ha. It was followed by IPM module 1 (21.78%) and farmers’ practice (33.56%) with yield of 1456.25 kg/ha and 1588.25 kg/ha, respectively. The mean survival of plants was also higher in IPM module 2 (94.28%) followed by farmers’ practice (88.57%) and IPM module 1 (80.00%).
{"title":"Beauveria bassiana as an effective IPM component against cotton stem weevil Pempherulus affinis Faust","authors":"G. Priyatharsini, K. Premalatha, S. Krishnamoorthy, N. Sathiah, K. Senguttuvan","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28731","url":null,"abstract":"The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in reduction of cotton stem weevil in ecofriendly manner is attaining importance in recent days. In present study, three treatments including IPM module 1, IPM module 2 and farmers’ practice were imposed against cotton stem weevil in a field trial. Among the three treatments, IPM module 2 which included basal application of FYM 25 t/ha and 250 kg/ha of neem cake, seed treatment with Beauveria bassania @10g/kg of seed, border crop with Hibiscus cannabinus, soil drenching with Imidacloprid 17.80 SL @ 25 g a.i./ha (125 ml/ha) at 15 DAS and placement of cotton stem bits (25 kg/500box/ha) + Hibiscus cannabinus stem bits (25 kg/500box/ha) + Chlorpyriphos dust 1.5 DP (2.5 kg/500box/ha) @ 30 DAS followed by earthing up @ 30 DAS recorded least stem weevil infestation of 13.21% with a yield of 1642.75 kg/ha. It was followed by IPM module 1 (21.78%) and farmers’ practice (33.56%) with yield of 1456.25 kg/ha and 1588.25 kg/ha, respectively. The mean survival of plants was also higher in IPM module 2 (94.28%) followed by farmers’ practice (88.57%) and IPM module 1 (80.00%).","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86181842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. T, Dhanya M. K., M. M., A. K., Aswathy T. S., N. R, Deepthy K. B.
Investigations were made to study the effects of three nemato-pathogenic fungi viz. Purpureocillium lilacinum, P. lilacinum + neem cake, Pochonia chlamydosporia and Trichoderma sp. as well as two synthetic insecticides (cartap hydrochloride and carbosulfan) against the Root-knot Nematodes (RKN) of cardamom at the farmers’ fields in three locations of Idukki district, Kerala, India during 2016- 2019. Results revealed that the combined application of P. lilacinum with neem cake gave maximum reduction of typical symptoms of infestation like the leaf narrowing (6.42%) and root knot formation (1.32 nos.) followed by P. chlamydosporia with 8.04% narrowed leaves and 1.83 root knots. The application of P. lilacinum and neem cake in combination (0.82 kg/plant and 2.99) followed by P. chlamydosporia (0.71 kg/plant and 2.71 recorded highest yield and Benefit Cost Ratio, respectively). Bio-control agents are therefore efficient and environmentally safer for managing the RKN in cardamom. Future studies can be directed to focus on the compatibility and efficiency enhancement of these bio-agents with organic amendments.
{"title":"Evaluation of bio-agents, synthetic insecticides and organic amendment against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. in cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]","authors":"S. T, Dhanya M. K., M. M., A. K., Aswathy T. S., N. R, Deepthy K. B.","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/26772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/26772","url":null,"abstract":" Investigations were made to study the effects of three nemato-pathogenic fungi viz. Purpureocillium lilacinum, P. lilacinum + neem cake, Pochonia chlamydosporia and Trichoderma sp. as well as two synthetic insecticides (cartap hydrochloride and carbosulfan) against the Root-knot Nematodes (RKN) of cardamom at the farmers’ fields in three locations of Idukki district, Kerala, India during 2016- 2019. Results revealed that the combined application of P. lilacinum with neem cake gave maximum reduction of typical symptoms of infestation like the leaf narrowing (6.42%) and root knot formation (1.32 nos.) followed by P. chlamydosporia with 8.04% narrowed leaves and 1.83 root knots. The application of P. lilacinum and neem cake in combination (0.82 kg/plant and 2.99) followed by P. chlamydosporia (0.71 kg/plant and 2.71 recorded highest yield and Benefit Cost Ratio, respectively). Bio-control agents are therefore efficient and environmentally safer for managing the RKN in cardamom. Future studies can be directed to focus on the compatibility and efficiency enhancement of these bio-agents with organic amendments.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76416728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hog-plum, locally known as amra, is a deciduous perennial tree with thick succulent leaves and it grows all over the country, but the quality fruits are produced only in the southern districts of Bangladesh especially in Barishal and Jhalokathi districts. Its cultivation is seriously hampered by hog- hog plum beetle or 14 spotted leaf beetle, Podontia 14-punctata L. (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera). In most of the cases, insecticidal spray is not effective for controlling this pest as pupation occurs in the soil. Therefore current study was carried out in both laboratory and field condition to develop environment friendly management approaches against hog plum beetle as well as producing of toxic chemical pesticide free hog-plum. From laboratory test, it is revealed that spraying of spinosad (Success 2.5 SC) at hog plum leaflet and drenching with microbial pesticides, soil recharge namely Lycomax (Metarhizium anisopliae + Trichoderma harzianum + Beauveria bassiana + Trichoderma viride) causes 72.22% adults and 51.85% pupal mortality of P. 14-punctata respectively. Then some pest management modules were developed based on the laboratory result and it’s were verified in field during two fruiting season 2018-19 and 2019-20. From field study it is observed that module 1: Hand picking + trunk banding with packaging tape + soil drenching with lycomax + spraying of spinosad treated trees offered lowest leaf and fruit infestation; even though trunk banding with packaging tape did not show any effect to control this pest. Fruit yield was also increased 39.04-39.66% in module 1 imposing hog plum trees compare to control. Therefore, it is clear that without banding of the hog plum trunk, hand picking + soil drenching with microbial pesticides, lycomax + spraying of spinosad might be sustainable and environment friendly pest management module against P. 14-punctata.
{"title":"Development of bio-rational pest management module against hog plum beetle, Podontia 14-punctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)","authors":"M. R. Islam, N. Dutta","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/27550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/27550","url":null,"abstract":"The hog-plum, locally known as amra, is a deciduous perennial tree with thick succulent leaves and it grows all over the country, but the quality fruits are produced only in the southern districts of Bangladesh especially in Barishal and Jhalokathi districts. Its cultivation is seriously hampered by hog- hog plum beetle or 14 spotted leaf beetle, Podontia 14-punctata L. (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera). In most of the cases, insecticidal spray is not effective for controlling this pest as pupation occurs in the soil. Therefore current study was carried out in both laboratory and field condition to develop environment friendly management approaches against hog plum beetle as well as producing of toxic chemical pesticide free hog-plum. From laboratory test, it is revealed that spraying of spinosad (Success 2.5 SC) at hog plum leaflet and drenching with microbial pesticides, soil recharge namely Lycomax (Metarhizium anisopliae + Trichoderma harzianum + Beauveria bassiana + Trichoderma viride) causes 72.22% adults and 51.85% pupal mortality of P. 14-punctata respectively. Then some pest management modules were developed based on the laboratory result and it’s were verified in field during two fruiting season 2018-19 and 2019-20. From field study it is observed that module 1: Hand picking + trunk banding with packaging tape + soil drenching with lycomax + spraying of spinosad treated trees offered lowest leaf and fruit infestation; even though trunk banding with packaging tape did not show any effect to control this pest. Fruit yield was also increased 39.04-39.66% in module 1 imposing hog plum trees compare to control. Therefore, it is clear that without banding of the hog plum trunk, hand picking + soil drenching with microbial pesticides, lycomax + spraying of spinosad might be sustainable and environment friendly pest management module against P. 14-punctata.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87056322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Parihar, D. Undirwade, R. Wadaskar, S. Madankar
Effect of various temperatures on the efficacy of five biorationals, viz. Beauveria bassiana (1.15% WP), Metarhizium anisopliae (1.15% WP), Bacillus thuringiensis (0.5% WP), Azadirachtin (300 ppm) and Spinosad (45 SC) in terms of median lethal concentration (LC50) value was evaluated against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella larvae. The toxicity data for biorationals against P. xylostella on the basis of larval mortality revealed that M. anisopliae (1.15% WP), B. thuringiensis (0.5% WP), Azadirachtin (300 ppm) and Spinosad (45 SC) registered higher effectiveness (lower LC50 value) at 25°C whereas, increase in temperature led to declined efficacy of biorationals; whereas, use of entomopathogenic fungi, B. bassiana (1.15% WP) was most effective at 30°C and revealed lower effectiveness (higher LC50 value) at 25° and 35° C temperatures. Data on the influence of temperature on toxicity of biorationals to P. xylostella on the basis of adult emergence revealed lowest LC50 value for B. thuringiensis (0.5% WP) at 25°C and the efficacy decreased with increase in the temperature, whereas, M. anisopliae (1.15% WP), B. bassiana (1.15% WP), Azadirachtin (300 ppm) and Spinosad (45 SC) were most effective at 30°C and the higher LC50 value were evident at temperature above 30°C, indicating the reduced efficacy of biorationals with increase in temperature beyond 30°C or preference for lower temperature regimes under laboratory conditions.
{"title":"Influence of varying temperatures on toxicity of biorationals against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L.","authors":"A. Parihar, D. Undirwade, R. Wadaskar, S. Madankar","doi":"10.18311/2021/27761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/2021/27761","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of various temperatures on the efficacy of five biorationals, viz. Beauveria bassiana (1.15% WP), Metarhizium anisopliae (1.15% WP), Bacillus thuringiensis (0.5% WP), Azadirachtin (300 ppm) and Spinosad (45 SC) in terms of median lethal concentration (LC50) value was evaluated against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella larvae. The toxicity data for biorationals against P. xylostella on the basis of larval mortality revealed that M. anisopliae (1.15% WP), B. thuringiensis (0.5% WP), Azadirachtin (300 ppm) and Spinosad (45 SC) registered higher effectiveness (lower LC50 value) at 25°C whereas, increase in temperature led to declined efficacy of biorationals; whereas, use of entomopathogenic fungi, B. bassiana (1.15% WP) was most effective at 30°C and revealed lower effectiveness (higher LC50 value) at 25° and 35° C temperatures. Data on the influence of temperature on toxicity of biorationals to P. xylostella on the basis of adult emergence revealed lowest LC50 value for B. thuringiensis (0.5% WP) at 25°C and the efficacy decreased with increase in the temperature, whereas, M. anisopliae (1.15% WP), B. bassiana (1.15% WP), Azadirachtin (300 ppm) and Spinosad (45 SC) were most effective at 30°C and the higher LC50 value were evident at temperature above 30°C, indicating the reduced efficacy of biorationals with increase in temperature beyond 30°C or preference for lower temperature regimes under laboratory conditions.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82410919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anit Cyriac, G. V. Sible, J. Johnson, N. Radhika, A. Krishnan
Trichoderma spp. are long been recognized as efficient fungal biocontrol agents for the control of plant disease and for their ability to increase plant growth and development. Management of soil borne diseases has become very much important since it causes high crop yield losses. The present study was carried out to isolate Trichoderma spp. from soil samples collected from different locations of Kerala and to test their in vitro efficacy against soil borne pathogens viz., Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani. The Trichoderma spp. was isolated on Trichoderma Selective Medium (TSM) and observed that the isolates differed in radial growth and colony characters such as colony colour, texture and sporulation. In vitro studies revealed the potential of Trichoderma isolates against soil borne pathogens. Isolates TRPN3 and TRPN7 exhibited no sporulation and white mycelial colour. Isolates which completed their growth at four days after inoculation include TRKR1, TRPN3, TRPN7, TRPN10 and TRPN18. Biocontrol activities against different pathogens resulted in inhibition of pathogens. Maximum inhibition percentage was observed by the isolates TRPN7, TRPN15 and TRKR2 against both the pathogens. The maximum inhibition exhibited against both the pathogens is due to the antagonistic property displayed by the isolates.
{"title":"Antagonistic efficacy of Trichoderma isolates against soil-borne plant pathogens, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani","authors":"Anit Cyriac, G. V. Sible, J. Johnson, N. Radhika, A. Krishnan","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/26283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/26283","url":null,"abstract":"Trichoderma spp. are long been recognized as efficient fungal biocontrol agents for the control of plant disease and for their ability to increase plant growth and development. Management of soil borne diseases has become very much important since it causes high crop yield losses. The present study was carried out to isolate Trichoderma spp. from soil samples collected from different locations of Kerala and to test their in vitro efficacy against soil borne pathogens viz., Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani. The Trichoderma spp. was isolated on Trichoderma Selective Medium (TSM) and observed that the isolates differed in radial growth and colony characters such as colony colour, texture and sporulation. In vitro studies revealed the potential of Trichoderma isolates against soil borne pathogens. Isolates TRPN3 and TRPN7 exhibited no sporulation and white mycelial colour. Isolates which completed their growth at four days after inoculation include TRKR1, TRPN3, TRPN7, TRPN10 and TRPN18. Biocontrol activities against different pathogens resulted in inhibition of pathogens. Maximum inhibition percentage was observed by the isolates TRPN7, TRPN15 and TRKR2 against both the pathogens. The maximum inhibition exhibited against both the pathogens is due to the antagonistic property displayed by the isolates.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79046085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. T. Reddy, M. Chandrashekharaiah, B. Raghavendhar, D. M. Bawaskar, C. Selvaraj, S. M. Mazumdar, G. V. Vishaka, H. Nadaf, M. S. Rathore, K. Sathyanarayana
Studies have been carried out on exploration of natural enemies of the Psyllid bug, Trioza flecheri minor on Terminalia spp., the primary host plantations of tasar silkworm during April to November, 2020. The results of the studies indicated that among the natural enemies recorded on T. flecheriminor, the Trechnites aligarhensis Hayat, Alam and Agarwal was the major encyrtid parasitoid. The incidence of T. f. minor was significantly more on T. arjuna (22.98% galls) compared to T. tomentosa (12.59% galls) and peak incidence was observed during the August and September months. The parasitization of T. aligarhensis on T. f. minor was significantly more on T. arjuna (33.13%) as compared to T. tomentosa (24.92%).
{"title":"First record of natural enemy, Trechnites aligharhensis on Trioza fletcheri minor Crawford, a major pest on Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia tomentosa","authors":"B. T. Reddy, M. Chandrashekharaiah, B. Raghavendhar, D. M. Bawaskar, C. Selvaraj, S. M. Mazumdar, G. V. Vishaka, H. Nadaf, M. S. Rathore, K. Sathyanarayana","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28583","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studies have been carried out on exploration of natural enemies of the Psyllid bug, <em>Trioza flecheri minor</em> on <em>Terminalia</em> spp., the primary host plantations of tasar silkworm during April to November, 2020. The results of the studies indicated that among the natural enemies recorded on <em>T. flecheri</em> <em>minor</em>, the <em>Trechnites aligarhensis</em> Hayat, Alam and Agarwal was the major encyrtid parasitoid. The incidence of <em>T. f. minor</em> was significantly more on <em>T. arjuna</em> (22.98% galls) compared to <em>T. tomentosa</em> (12.59% galls) and peak incidence was observed during the August and September months. The parasitization of <em>T. aligarhensis</em> on <em>T. f. minor</em> was significantly more on <em>T. arjuna</em> (33.13%) as compared to<em> T. tomentosa</em> (24.92%).</p>","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89398267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the surveys undertaken in July-September 2020, a braconid solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid, Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) was found parasitizing the invasive pest, fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize. Meteorus pulchricornis is a new addition to the known and rapidly expanding parasitoid complex of FAW in India. The present study provides morphological identification details of M. pulchricornis along with comparison notes of other closely allied and confusing species.
在2020年7月至9月进行的调查中，发现了一种小蜂类孤寄生昆虫内寄生类微蜂(Meteorus pulchricornis, Wesmael)(膜翅目:小蜂科:Euphorinae)寄生在玉米的入侵害虫秋粘虫(FAW)， frugiperda (J. E. Smith)(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)身上。pulchricornis是印度FAW已知和迅速扩大的拟寄生虫复群的新成员。本研究提供了pulchricornis的形态学鉴定细节，以及其他近缘种和混淆种的比较记录。
{"title":"Meteorus pulchricornis(Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), another addition to the native parasitoid complex of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in India","authors":"Ankita Gupta, A. N. Shylesha","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28119","url":null,"abstract":"During the surveys undertaken in July-September 2020, a braconid solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid, Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) was found parasitizing the invasive pest, fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize. Meteorus pulchricornis is a new addition to the known and rapidly expanding parasitoid complex of FAW in India. The present study provides morphological identification details of M. pulchricornis along with comparison notes of other closely allied and confusing species.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72455964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Murugesan, K. Vasuki, B. Kaleeswaran, S. Ramadevi, P. Vasan
Mosquitoes play a key role in the transmission of diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, etc. Plant based compounds form alternate source of control measures against mosquitoes, in view of deleterious effects of chemical pesticides. In the present study, insecticidal activity of aerial part of Solanum torvum (Sw.) was studied against Aedes aegypti (L.) under laboratory conditions. GC-MS study was analysed in hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extract of S. torvum and the leaf extracts yielded around 57 compounds. In the larvicidal and adulticidal tests against A. aegypti, mortality rate increased with the increased concentrations of S. torvum extract. Highest larval mortality was obtained with ethyl acetate 100% extract at the dose of 200 ?g/ml after 48 hrs experiment, followed by methanol 64% and hexane 42% leaf extract. The LC50 values of leaf extract was observed as 159.594 ?g/mL, 182.272 ?g/mL at 24 hrs interval and 85.2833 ?g/mL, 138.472 ?g/mL 48 hrs interval for ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts, respectively. In adulticidal activity highest mortality rate was obtained in ethyl acetate extract at 92% for the dose of 2 mg/ml after 24 hrs, followed by methanol 74% and hexane 52% leaf extracts. The LC50 values were 0.453 mg/mL, 0.790 mg/mL and 1.294 mg/mL with ethyl acetate, methanol and hexane extracts at 24 hrs interval against Aedes aegypti. In control treatment, no mortality rate was observed. Thus the present study showed the potential application of S. torvum leaf extract in the control of dengue mosquito under the laboratory conditions.
{"title":"Environmentally Benign Solanum torvum (Sw.) (Solanaceae) Leaf Extract in Ecofreindly Management of Human Disease Vector, Aedes aegypti (Linn.)","authors":"R. Murugesan, K. Vasuki, B. Kaleeswaran, S. Ramadevi, P. Vasan","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28195","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes play a key role in the transmission of diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, etc. Plant based compounds form alternate source of control measures against mosquitoes, in view of deleterious effects of chemical pesticides. In the present study, insecticidal activity of aerial part of Solanum torvum (Sw.) was studied against Aedes aegypti (L.) under laboratory conditions. GC-MS study was analysed in hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extract of S. torvum and the leaf extracts yielded around 57 compounds. In the larvicidal and adulticidal tests against A. aegypti, mortality rate increased with the increased concentrations of S. torvum extract. Highest larval mortality was obtained with ethyl acetate 100% extract at the dose of 200 ?g/ml after 48 hrs experiment, followed by methanol 64% and hexane 42% leaf extract. The LC50 values of leaf extract was observed as 159.594 ?g/mL, 182.272 ?g/mL at 24 hrs interval and 85.2833 ?g/mL, 138.472 ?g/mL 48 hrs interval for ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts, respectively. In adulticidal activity highest mortality rate was obtained in ethyl acetate extract at 92% for the dose of 2 mg/ml after 24 hrs, followed by methanol 74% and hexane 52% leaf extracts. The LC50 values were 0.453 mg/mL, 0.790 mg/mL and 1.294 mg/mL with ethyl acetate, methanol and hexane extracts at 24 hrs interval against Aedes aegypti. In control treatment, no mortality rate was observed. Thus the present study showed the potential application of S. torvum leaf extract in the control of dengue mosquito under the laboratory conditions.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84316856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. M. Rathod, B. M. Parasharya, Vishal S. Mistri, Jenis Patel
The species of Odonata are highly predacious on invertebrates, especially the immature stages, which are generalist predators. The Odonate diversity of protected areas of Gujarat state, India was studied from August, 2014 to July, 2017. Fifteen protected areas of Gujarat were surveyed. A total of 60 species (41 species of Anisoptera and 19 species of Zygoptera) belonging to 40 genera under 8 families and two suborders were recorded. Maximum species (54) were recorded from Purna Wildlife Sanctuary of Dang district followed by Vansda National Park (44 species) of Navsari district. Amongst the protected wetlands, maximum species (47) were recorded from Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary.
{"title":"Diversity of Odonata (Insecta) in protected areas of Gujarat, India","authors":"D. M. Rathod, B. M. Parasharya, Vishal S. Mistri, Jenis Patel","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28347","url":null,"abstract":"The species of Odonata are highly predacious on invertebrates, especially the immature stages, which are generalist predators. The Odonate diversity of protected areas of Gujarat state, India was studied from August, 2014 to July, 2017. Fifteen protected areas of Gujarat were surveyed. A total of 60 species (41 species of Anisoptera and 19 species of Zygoptera) belonging to 40 genera under 8 families and two suborders were recorded. Maximum species (54) were recorded from Purna Wildlife Sanctuary of Dang district followed by Vansda National Park (44 species) of Navsari district. Amongst the protected wetlands, maximum species (47) were recorded from Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84562193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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