B. Bhushan, M. R. Kumar, R. Jayalakshmi, A. Srividhya
Roving survey was conducted during Kharif, 2018-19 in three major groundnut growing districts of Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh to know the status of collar rot (caused by Aspergillus spp.) incidence under field conditions. Effect of variety, seed treatment, farming situation, soil type and cropping pattern on disease incidence was studied. Maximum collar rot incidence was observed in Anathapuramu district (17.24%) followed by Chittoor district (15.90 %) and Y.S.R. Kadapa district (12.56%). Even though fungicides were reported to be effective against collar rot of groundnut, there is limited data available on biological control of collar rot. Hence, a study was also conducted to isolate and test Trichoderma spp. that is effective against the collar rot pathogen. Eight Trichoderma spp. isolates were evaluated against six virulent Aspergillus spp. isolates (i.e., two isolates of A. niger, two isolates of A. flavus and two isolates of A. terreus) using dual culture technique. From the results it was revealed that, Trichoderma spp. isolate GT2 (88.64 %) exhibited highest overall mean per cent inhibition followed by GT1 (85.17 %) and GT7 (84.20 %). Whereas, the lowest mean per cent inhibition was recorded in GT3 (45.59 %).
{"title":"Assessment of incidence of collar rot disease of groundnut in Andhra Pradesh and evaluation of bioefficacy of Trichoderma spp. against Aspergillus spp.","authors":"B. Bhushan, M. R. Kumar, R. Jayalakshmi, A. Srividhya","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28324","url":null,"abstract":"Roving survey was conducted during Kharif, 2018-19 in three major groundnut growing districts of Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh to know the status of collar rot (caused by Aspergillus spp.) incidence under field conditions. Effect of variety, seed treatment, farming situation, soil type and cropping pattern on disease incidence was studied. Maximum collar rot incidence was observed in Anathapuramu district (17.24%) followed by Chittoor district (15.90 %) and Y.S.R. Kadapa district (12.56%). Even though fungicides were reported to be effective against collar rot of groundnut, there is limited data available on biological control of collar rot. Hence, a study was also conducted to isolate and test Trichoderma spp. that is effective against the collar rot pathogen. Eight Trichoderma spp. isolates were evaluated against six virulent Aspergillus spp. isolates (i.e., two isolates of A. niger, two isolates of A. flavus and two isolates of A. terreus) using dual culture technique. From the results it was revealed that, Trichoderma spp. isolate GT2 (88.64 %) exhibited highest overall mean per cent inhibition followed by GT1 (85.17 %) and GT7 (84.20 %). Whereas, the lowest mean per cent inhibition was recorded in GT3 (45.59 %).","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74116088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experiment was conducted at Department of Entomology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2011- 2013 to see the effect of natural sunlight (UV) on HearNPV formulation. Experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. The aqueous and dry form of HearNPV formulations were prepared by using additives viz. Tinopal an optical brightener and silver nano particle and evaluated their capability to protect NPVs from Ultra Violet rays. HearNPV formulation were sprayed uniformly on the potted chickpea plants during noon hours. Twigs were collected at thirty minutes, One hour, One and half hours and two hours after spraying and kept in petriplates. The laboratory reared second instar larvae of H. armigera were released on each treated twig. Larval mortality was recorded at 4, 7 and 10 days after treatment. An aqueous form of HearNPV formulation, HearNPV + Silver Nano Particles @ 8 ?l /ml of HearNPV + Tinopal 1% + Sucrose 1% (T1) recorded 83.04% larval mortality at ten days after spraying which was at par with HearNPV alone unirradiated (84.21 % larval mortality) when exposed to sunlight up to one hour. Among the lyophilized form of formulations, HearNPV + Silver Nano Particles @ 8?l/ml of HearNPV + Tinopal 1% + Sucrose1% (T6) when exposed to sunlight up to one hour recorded 84.80% larval mortality at ten days after spraying which was at par with which was at par with HearNPV alone unirradiated (T12) (85.38% larval mortality) and higher than HearNPV alone irradiated. Both aqueous and lyophilized form of HearNPV showed decreasing larval mortality as compared to HearNPV alone unirradiated when exposed to sunlight up to one and half and two hours. Lyophilized HearNPV formulations recorded higher larval mortality as compared to aqueous form of HearNPV formulations at all sunlight exposure period.
{"title":"Efficacy of HearNPV formulations against Helicoverpa armigera at different sunlight exposure period","authors":"P. N. Mane, M. Moharil, N. Satpute, D. Undirwade","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28187","url":null,"abstract":"Experiment was conducted at Department of Entomology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2011- 2013 to see the effect of natural sunlight (UV) on HearNPV formulation. Experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. The aqueous and dry form of HearNPV formulations were prepared by using additives viz. Tinopal an optical brightener and silver nano particle and evaluated their capability to protect NPVs from Ultra Violet rays. HearNPV formulation were sprayed uniformly on the potted chickpea plants during noon hours. Twigs were collected at thirty minutes, One hour, One and half hours and two hours after spraying and kept in petriplates. The laboratory reared second instar larvae of H. armigera were released on each treated twig. Larval mortality was recorded at 4, 7 and 10 days after treatment. An aqueous form of HearNPV formulation, HearNPV + Silver Nano Particles @ 8 ?l /ml of HearNPV + Tinopal 1% + Sucrose 1% (T1) recorded 83.04% larval mortality at ten days after spraying which was at par with HearNPV alone unirradiated (84.21 % larval mortality) when exposed to sunlight up to one hour. Among the lyophilized form of formulations, HearNPV + Silver Nano Particles @ 8?l/ml of HearNPV + Tinopal 1% + Sucrose1% (T6) when exposed to sunlight up to one hour recorded 84.80% larval mortality at ten days after spraying which was at par with which was at par with HearNPV alone unirradiated (T12) (85.38% larval mortality) and higher than HearNPV alone irradiated. Both aqueous and lyophilized form of HearNPV showed decreasing larval mortality as compared to HearNPV alone unirradiated when exposed to sunlight up to one and half and two hours. Lyophilized HearNPV formulations recorded higher larval mortality as compared to aqueous form of HearNPV formulations at all sunlight exposure period.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88778688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beerendra Sahu, Priyanka Nagdev, J. Ganguli, A. Mohanan
Colour preference of female green lace wing, Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) for egg laying under laboratory conditions were tested in the Bio-control Laboratory, IGKV, Raipur during 2018-19. Females of Chrysoperla sp. visually distinguished different colours viz., green, white, brown, black, red and pink coloured substrate for egg laying. In the present studies, among the colours tested, Chrysoperla sp. females preferred black colour as substrate for egg laying and laid an average maximum of 36.36 eggs followed by green colour (31.78), white colour (22.94), pink colour (20.81), red colour (20.42), brown colour (14.00), respectively. Thus, for the mass multiplication of Chrysoperla sp., under laboratory conditions, black coloured cloth/paper can be used.
{"title":"Colour preference of female green lacewing, Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) for egg laying under laboratory conditions","authors":"Beerendra Sahu, Priyanka Nagdev, J. Ganguli, A. Mohanan","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/29020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/29020","url":null,"abstract":"Colour preference of female green lace wing, Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) for egg laying under laboratory conditions were tested in the Bio-control Laboratory, IGKV, Raipur during 2018-19. Females of Chrysoperla sp. visually distinguished different colours viz., green, white, brown, black, red and pink coloured substrate for egg laying. In the present studies, among the colours tested, Chrysoperla sp. females preferred black colour as substrate for egg laying and laid an average maximum of 36.36 eggs followed by green colour (31.78), white colour (22.94), pink colour (20.81), red colour (20.42), brown colour (14.00), respectively. Thus, for the mass multiplication of Chrysoperla sp., under laboratory conditions, black coloured cloth/paper can be used.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74412199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field experiments were conducted to study the bio-efficacy of microbial insecticides against Pieris brassicae Linnaeus in cabbage crop var. “Green Hero” in NEH region of India. The pooled data of two years indicated that Metarhizium anisopliae @ 1500 g/ha proved the most effective treatment in reducing the incidence of P. brassicae with a minimum mean leaf damage of 49.93 per cent as against 67.57 per cent in untreated control followed by Beauveria bassiana 10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1 and M. anisopliae @ 1000 g ha-1 with a record of lower mean leaf damage of 51.68 and 51.85 per cent, respectively. The treatment M. anisopliae @ 1500 g ha-1 recorded maximum cabbage yield of 17.09 t ha-1, followed by B. bassiana 10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1 treated plots (15.19 t ha-1) and M. anisopliae @ 1000 g ha-1 (15.02 t ha-1). The minimum yield (12.84 t ha-1) was obtained from the plots treated with Dichlorvos 76 SL @ 500 ml with an increased yield of 3.09 t ha-1 over control, but, did not differ significantly from rest of the treatments. The extent of avoidable yield loss due to the incidence of P. brassicae was estimated to be 45.98 per cent in untreated control which was reduced to 9.41-28.86 per cent in treated plots. Minimum avoidable yield loss being recorded in B. bassiana 10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1 and maximum avoidable yield loss in Dichlorvos 76 SL @ 500 ml ha-1 treatments. The net profit of the treatments varied from Rs. 28,350.00 (Dichlorvos 76 SL @ 500 ml ha-1) to Rs. 77,150.00 (M. anisopliae @ 1500 gm ha-1) with the cost-benefit ratio of 1:11.12 to 1:13.19 in the treatments. Beauveria bassiana 10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1 gave the highest benefit-cost ratio of 1:13.19, while the lowest was in Dichlorvos 76 SL @ 500 ml ha-1 with 1:11.12.
通过田间试验,研究了微生物杀虫剂对印度NEH地区“绿色英雄”白菜品种青花螟的生物药效。2年汇总数据表明,1500 g/ha的绿僵菌处理对降低芸苔菌发病率最有效,平均叶片危害最小,为49.93%,而未处理的为67.57%,其次是球孢白僵菌10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1和绿僵菌@ 1000 g ha-1,平均叶片危害较低,分别为51.68%和51.85%。1500 g hm -1处理的白菜产量最高,为17.09 t hm -1,其次是球孢僵菌10 SC 1000 ml hm -1处理地块(15.19 t hm -1)和僵菌1000 g hm -1处理地块(15.02 t hm -1)。敌敌畏76 SL @ 500 ml处理地块的产量最低,为12.84 t hm -1,比对照增产3.09 t hm -1,但与其他处理差异不显著。据估计,在未处理的对照中,由芸苔菌发病率造成的可避免的产量损失程度为45.98%,而在处理地块中,可避免的产量损失程度降至9.41% ~ 28.86%。可避免的产量损失最小记录为球孢白僵菌10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1,可避免的产量损失最大记录为敌敌畏76 SL @ 500 ml ha-1。各处理的净利为28,350.00卢比(敌敌敌76 SL @ 500 ml ha-1)至77,150.00卢比(绿僵菌@ 1500 gm ha-1),成本效益比为1:11.12 ~ 1:13.19。球孢白僵菌10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1的效益成本比最高,为1:13.19,敌敌畏76 SL @ 500 ml ha-1的效益成本比最低,为1:11.12。
{"title":"Bio-efficacy of microbial insecticides against cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in NEH region of India","authors":"K. Singh, M. Başar, S. M. Haldhar","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/26655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/26655","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiments were conducted to study the bio-efficacy of microbial insecticides against Pieris brassicae Linnaeus in cabbage crop var. “Green Hero” in NEH region of India. The pooled data of two years indicated that Metarhizium anisopliae @ 1500 g/ha proved the most effective treatment in reducing the incidence of P. brassicae with a minimum mean leaf damage of 49.93 per cent as against 67.57 per cent in untreated control followed by Beauveria bassiana 10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1 and M. anisopliae @ 1000 g ha-1 with a record of lower mean leaf damage of 51.68 and 51.85 per cent, respectively. The treatment M. anisopliae @ 1500 g ha-1 recorded maximum cabbage yield of 17.09 t ha-1, followed by B. bassiana 10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1 treated plots (15.19 t ha-1) and M. anisopliae @ 1000 g ha-1 (15.02 t ha-1). The minimum yield (12.84 t ha-1) was obtained from the plots treated with Dichlorvos 76 SL @ 500 ml with an increased yield of 3.09 t ha-1 over control, but, did not differ significantly from rest of the treatments. The extent of avoidable yield loss due to the incidence of P. brassicae was estimated to be 45.98 per cent in untreated control which was reduced to 9.41-28.86 per cent in treated plots. Minimum avoidable yield loss being recorded in B. bassiana 10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1 and maximum avoidable yield loss in Dichlorvos 76 SL @ 500 ml ha-1 treatments. The net profit of the treatments varied from Rs. 28,350.00 (Dichlorvos 76 SL @ 500 ml ha-1) to Rs. 77,150.00 (M. anisopliae @ 1500 gm ha-1) with the cost-benefit ratio of 1:11.12 to 1:13.19 in the treatments. Beauveria bassiana 10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1 gave the highest benefit-cost ratio of 1:13.19, while the lowest was in Dichlorvos 76 SL @ 500 ml ha-1 with 1:11.12.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78975478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluorescent pseudomonads drawn broad attention as production of secondary metabolites, phytohormones, siderophores, enzymes, antibiotics, hydrogen cyanide and volatile compounds. The present study was to exhilarate traits of plant growth promotion by fluorescent pseudomonads under drought stress. Fifty one efficient bacterial isolates were taken to evaluate their growth in different concentrations of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) at 0 % (-0.05 MPa), 10 % (-0.65 MPa), 20 % (-1.57 MPa), 30 % (-2.17 MPa) and 40 % (-2.70 MPa). On the basis of growth at higher PEG (40 %) concentration, four efficient bacteria were preferred. Plant growth promoting traits such as IAA, exopolysachharides (EPS) production, ACC deaminase activity, phosphate solubilization and potassium releasing characters were tested for the selected drought tolerant fluorescent pseudomonads. Among four efficient strains, two strains i.e., PCKR-2 showed P-solubilization Index was (3.80 mm), followed by AGVS (4.33 mm), PCKS (4.12 mm) and PVAS (2.28 mm). Data on potassium solubilization activity show that out of two isolates, PCKR-2 showed the highest solubilization zone (3.50 mm), followed by PCKS (3.17 mm), AGVS (2.83 mm) and PVAS (2.50 mm). The findings suggests that the use of fluorescent pseudomonads will aid better plant growth promotion under drought stress.
{"title":"Fluorescent pseudomonads, an antidote and drought stress mitigating PGPR from groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) rhizosphere","authors":"B. Kumar, N. Trimurtulu, A. Gopal, P. Vani","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/29563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/29563","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescent pseudomonads drawn broad attention as production of secondary metabolites, phytohormones, siderophores, enzymes, antibiotics, hydrogen cyanide and volatile compounds. The present study was to exhilarate traits of plant growth promotion by fluorescent pseudomonads under drought stress. Fifty one efficient bacterial isolates were taken to evaluate their growth in different concentrations of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) at 0 % (-0.05 MPa), 10 % (-0.65 MPa), 20 % (-1.57 MPa), 30 % (-2.17 MPa) and 40 % (-2.70 MPa). On the basis of growth at higher PEG (40 %) concentration, four efficient bacteria were preferred. Plant growth promoting traits such as IAA, exopolysachharides (EPS) production, ACC deaminase activity, phosphate solubilization and potassium releasing characters were tested for the selected drought tolerant fluorescent pseudomonads. Among four efficient strains, two strains i.e., PCKR-2 showed P-solubilization Index was (3.80 mm), followed by AGVS (4.33 mm), PCKS (4.12 mm) and PVAS (2.28 mm). Data on potassium solubilization activity show that out of two isolates, PCKR-2 showed the highest solubilization zone (3.50 mm), followed by PCKS (3.17 mm), AGVS (2.83 mm) and PVAS (2.50 mm). The findings suggests that the use of fluorescent pseudomonads will aid better plant growth promotion under drought stress.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74200689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spatial distribution of Aphidius matricariae and Myzus persicae was studied in bell pepper under polyhouse conditions. In the present study, M. persicae and its parasitoid, A. matricariae populations followed negative binomial distribution throughout the season. The variance to mean ratio (σ2/X), mean crowding (X*), ratio of mean crowding to mean (X*/X), ‘k’ of negative binomial, Taylor’s power equation for M. persicae and A. matricariae were σ² = 6.97X1.531 (R2 = 0.931), and σ² = 4.29X1.282 (R2 = 0.90) during 2018-2019, respectively. Iwao’s patchiness regression was X* = 45.12 + 1.333X (R2 = 0.853), and X* = 5.406 + 1.195X (R2 = 0.767) during 2018-2019, respectively. Optimum number of samples required for the green peach aphid, M. persicae and A. matricariae were 261.1 and 474 at 20% precision level. The present study will be useful for developing a sampling plan of M. persicae and its parasitoid, A. matricariae in bell pepper for its monitoring and management.
{"title":"Spatial distribution of Aphidius matricariae (Haliday) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in bell pepper under polyhouse conditions","authors":"P. Sharma, S. C. Verma, P. L. Sharma, R. Chandel","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28680","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial distribution of Aphidius matricariae and Myzus persicae was studied in bell pepper under polyhouse conditions. In the present study, M. persicae and its parasitoid, A. matricariae populations followed negative binomial distribution throughout the season. The variance to mean ratio (σ2/X), mean crowding (X*), ratio of mean crowding to mean (X*/X), ‘k’ of negative binomial, Taylor’s power equation for M. persicae and A. matricariae were σ² = 6.97X1.531 (R2 = 0.931), and σ² = 4.29X1.282 (R2 = 0.90) during 2018-2019, respectively. Iwao’s patchiness regression was X* = 45.12 + 1.333X (R2 = 0.853), and X* = 5.406 + 1.195X (R2 = 0.767) during 2018-2019, respectively. Optimum number of samples required for the green peach aphid, M. persicae and A. matricariae were 261.1 and 474 at 20% precision level. The present study will be useful for developing a sampling plan of M. persicae and its parasitoid, A. matricariae in bell pepper for its monitoring and management.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80051703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The management of Spodoptera litura by entomopathogenic Nucleopolyhedrosis Viruses (NPVs) is one of the eco-friendly methods. The present study was aimed to evaluate Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus (NPV) against S. litura and its potential as a bio-pesticide. The Occlusion Bodies (OBs) of S. litura nucleopolyhedrosis virus was isolated from infected larvae collected from cabbage field. Pathogenicity studies evaluated three NPV suspensions viz. SpltNPV-native, SpltNPV-commercial and SpltNPV-NIPHM against second and fourth instar larvae of S. litura recorded maximum mortality at 1×109 OBs/ml. The LC50 values of the SpltNPV-native, SpltNPV-commercial and SpltNPV-NIPHM suspensions against second instar larvae were 0.584, 0.540, 0.625 OBs/mm2, respectively, which increased to 0.696, 0.620, 0.756 OBs/mm2 against the fourth instar larvae. The LT50 at 1×109 OBs/ml was found to increase from 146.33, 137.51 and 155.88 h for SpltNPV-native, SpltNPV-commercial and SpltNPV-NIPHM suspension, respectively, against the second instar larvae to 178.51, 162.07 and 187.67 h, respectively, against the fourth instar larvae. The cumulative per cent mortality, LC50 and LT50 suggested that the second instar larvae were more susceptible and easier to kill than the fourth instar larvae.
{"title":"Pathogenicity of Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)","authors":"M. Kaur, N. Joshi, S. Sharma, A. Kalia","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/29342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/29342","url":null,"abstract":"The management of Spodoptera litura by entomopathogenic Nucleopolyhedrosis Viruses (NPVs) is one of the eco-friendly methods. The present study was aimed to evaluate Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus (NPV) against S. litura and its potential as a bio-pesticide. The Occlusion Bodies (OBs) of S. litura nucleopolyhedrosis virus was isolated from infected larvae collected from cabbage field. Pathogenicity studies evaluated three NPV suspensions viz. SpltNPV-native, SpltNPV-commercial and SpltNPV-NIPHM against second and fourth instar larvae of S. litura recorded maximum mortality at 1×109 OBs/ml. The LC50 values of the SpltNPV-native, SpltNPV-commercial and SpltNPV-NIPHM suspensions against second instar larvae were 0.584, 0.540, 0.625 OBs/mm2, respectively, which increased to 0.696, 0.620, 0.756 OBs/mm2 against the fourth instar larvae. The LT50 at 1×109 OBs/ml was found to increase from 146.33, 137.51 and 155.88 h for SpltNPV-native, SpltNPV-commercial and SpltNPV-NIPHM suspension, respectively, against the second instar larvae to 178.51, 162.07 and 187.67 h, respectively, against the fourth instar larvae. The cumulative per cent mortality, LC50 and LT50 suggested that the second instar larvae were more susceptible and easier to kill than the fourth instar larvae.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82638038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Sriraksha, A. N. Shylesha, B. Shivanna, R. Rangeshwaran, H. A. Prameela
Six insecticides were evaluated for their toxicity against nymphs and adults of assassin bug, Sycanus collaris (Fab.) through contact and stomach mode. The studies revealed that emamectin benzoate (0.4g/L), chlorantraniliprole (0.25ml/L), flubendiamide (0.25 ml/L) and thiamethoxam (0.25 g/L) were considered as relatively safer insecticides for all the nymphal instars and adults of S. collaris. Fenazaquin (1.25ml/L) and quinalphos (2ml/L) caused higher mortality (85-100%) in all the stages of S. collaris. The higher mortality observed in nymphs and relatively lesser mortality rate of adults indicate that the application of the chemical should not be carried out immediately after the release of nymphal instars of S. collaris and adult releases would be ideal in Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
{"title":"Effect of insecticides on predatory assassin bug, Sycanus collaris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)","authors":"V. Sriraksha, A. N. Shylesha, B. Shivanna, R. Rangeshwaran, H. A. Prameela","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/29159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/29159","url":null,"abstract":"Six insecticides were evaluated for their toxicity against nymphs and adults of assassin bug, Sycanus collaris (Fab.) through contact and stomach mode. The studies revealed that emamectin benzoate (0.4g/L), chlorantraniliprole (0.25ml/L), flubendiamide (0.25 ml/L) and thiamethoxam (0.25 g/L) were considered as relatively safer insecticides for all the nymphal instars and adults of S. collaris. Fenazaquin (1.25ml/L) and quinalphos (2ml/L) caused higher mortality (85-100%) in all the stages of S. collaris. The higher mortality observed in nymphs and relatively lesser mortality rate of adults indicate that the application of the chemical should not be carried out immediately after the release of nymphal instars of S. collaris and adult releases would be ideal in Integrated Pest Management (IPM).","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87761609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Patel, D. Sisodiya, B. Raghunandan, N. Patel, D. Patel, K. Chavada
Field surveys were conducted during kharif, 2019 and rabi, 2019-20 to document the fall armyworm (FAW) incidence and damage in maize fields of Anand district of Gujarat. The highest pest incidence and damage was recorded in maize fields of Khambhat taluka of Anand district during the study, while the lowest pest incidence and damage was recorded in Tarapur taluka. During kharif season, the highest pest incidence and damage was recorded in August month and during rabi season, the highest incidence of FAW and its damage in various maize fields was observed in November. It was noticed that the pest incidence was high in kharif season compared to rabi season. The significant differences were noticed with regard to FAW larval population and plant damage levels between the two seasons of the study. During the survey, the natural enemies of FAW viz., Chelonus sp., Coccinellids, Forficula sp., Eocanthecona sp., Cosmolestes sp., Spider (Oxyopes sp.) and Geocoris sp. were recorded. Similarly, Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium (Nomuraea) rileyi and Nucleo Ployhedrosis Virus (NPV) infected FAW larvae were also noticed.
{"title":"Survey and surveillance of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and its associated natural enemies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize in Anand district of Gujarat","authors":"P. Patel, D. Sisodiya, B. Raghunandan, N. Patel, D. Patel, K. Chavada","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/29113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/29113","url":null,"abstract":"Field surveys were conducted during kharif, 2019 and rabi, 2019-20 to document the fall armyworm (FAW) incidence and damage in maize fields of Anand district of Gujarat. The highest pest incidence and damage was recorded in maize fields of Khambhat taluka of Anand district during the study, while the lowest pest incidence and damage was recorded in Tarapur taluka. During kharif season, the highest pest incidence and damage was recorded in August month and during rabi season, the highest incidence of FAW and its damage in various maize fields was observed in November. It was noticed that the pest incidence was high in kharif season compared to rabi season. The significant differences were noticed with regard to FAW larval population and plant damage levels between the two seasons of the study. During the survey, the natural enemies of FAW viz., Chelonus sp., Coccinellids, Forficula sp., Eocanthecona sp., Cosmolestes sp., Spider (Oxyopes sp.) and Geocoris sp. were recorded. Similarly, Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium (Nomuraea) rileyi and Nucleo Ployhedrosis Virus (NPV) infected FAW larvae were also noticed.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76657040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, fungicide tolerance of antagonists (yeast and Lactobacillus) with two fungicides viz., Mancozeb and Ridomil gold were conducted using turbidometric method. Findings of study revealed that, ridomil and mancozeb treatments could inhibit the growth of yeasts and Lactobacillus to some extent but did not completely inhibit. In this study, it was found that potential yeast and Lactobacillus antagonists were tolerant to both mancozeb and ridomil fungicides up to 2000 ppm concentrations. This result implies that the antagonistic yeast and Lactobacillus isolates were not adversely affected by both mancozeb and ridomil fungicides. So, these isolates can form an important component of Integrated disease management of mango anthracnose.
{"title":"Fungicide tolerance of antagonists in the management of mango anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporoides","authors":"Lamenew Fenta, M. Kibret","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/29703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/29703","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, fungicide tolerance of antagonists (yeast and Lactobacillus) with two fungicides viz., Mancozeb and Ridomil gold were conducted using turbidometric method. Findings of study revealed that, ridomil and mancozeb treatments could inhibit the growth of yeasts and Lactobacillus to some extent but did not completely inhibit. In this study, it was found that potential yeast and Lactobacillus antagonists were tolerant to both mancozeb and ridomil fungicides up to 2000 ppm concentrations. This result implies that the antagonistic yeast and Lactobacillus isolates were not adversely affected by both mancozeb and ridomil fungicides. So, these isolates can form an important component of Integrated disease management of mango anthracnose.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91047334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}