中药材最新文献

Objective: To study the accumulation characteristics of total anthocyanins and saponins in the vegetative organ of Panax notoginseng with purple and green aerial stems at different growth stages.

Methods: The contents of the total anthocyanins and saponins of the leaves, aerial stems, rhizomes and the adventitious roots of one-, two- and three-year-old Panax notoginseng with purple and green aerial stems were determined by spectrophotometry.

Results: From one-year-old to three-year-old Panax notoginseng, the total anthocyanin contents (TACs) of the leaves, aerial stems and all vegetative organs and the percentages of the aerial stems TACs to those of all vegetative organs of purple aerial stemmed Panax notoginseng plants, the percentages of the total saponin contents (TSCs) of the leaves and aerial stems to those of all vegetative organs of the purple and green aerial stemmed plants and the percentages of the leaves TACs to those of vegetative organs of the green aerial stemmed plants all decreased. The TACs of the leaves and all vegetative organs of the green aerial stemmed plants, the TACs of the rhizomes and their adventitious roots, the vegetative organ TSCs and the percentages of the TSCs of the rhizomes and their adventitious roots to those of all vegetative organs of the purple and green aerial stemmed plants, and the percentages of the TACs of the rhizomes and their adventitious roots to those of all vegetative organs of the purple aerial stemmed plants were increased. The increasing rates of the TACs of the aerial stems and all vegetative organs and the TSCs of the aerial stems, rhizomes and their adventitious roots and all vegetative organs of the purple aerial stemmed plants were always higher than those of the green aeria stemmed plants, but the increasing rates of the leaves TSCs were lower than those of the green aerial stemmed plants, and the content changes of the vegetative organ TACs and TSCs of the purple and green aerial stemmed plants exhibited different correlations. Additionally, the three-years-old plants, the TSCs of the vegetative organs of the purple aerial stemmed plants were all higher than those of the green aerial stemmed plants, but the TACs of the leaves and rhizomes and their adventitious roots were lower than those of the green aerial stemmed plants.

Conclusion: The saponin-accumulating capacity of the vegetative organs of purple aerial stemmed Panax notoginseng plants is stronger than that of green aerial stemmed Panax notoginseng.

Objective: To breed a new Astragalus variety and to study its standard cultivation techniques, which are high yield, good quality, disease resistance, anti-reverse with intrinsic quality in line with the standard of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’ s Republic of China.

Methods: By using the method of single plant selection,15 excellent individual plants were selected in 2003→seed period tested in 2004→strains identification tested from 2005 to 2007 → new strains comparison tested for HQZX04-04-01 in medicine period from2008 to 2010→regional tested and production demonstration for HQZX04-04-01 from 2011 to 2014→Longqi 4 was named by Crop Variety Approval Committee of Gansu Province in April,2015.

Results: A new Astragalus variety of Longqi 4( the original code HQZX04-04-01) was bred. By 3 n tests in different ecological zones, the average yield of fresh Astragalus root was 708. 9 kg /666. 7 m2,and was31. 1% increased compared with the control variety; special / first class rate was 21. 5%,30. 6%,in which were 4. 8,5. 3 percentage points higher than that of the control variety, respectively; root rot disease incidence and disease index were 25. 7%,13. 5%,in which were 2. 75,2. 17 percentage points reduced compared with control variety; intrinsic quality were as follows, the total ash was 4. 5%,the extract was 41. 0%,the content of calycosin was 0. 10%,and the content of astragaloside was 0. 076%,respectively,which superior than the 2010 edition of the standard of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’ s Republic of China.

Conclusion: A new Astragalus variety of Longqi 4 is high-yield, good-quality, disease-resistant, anti-inverse and its intrinsic quality in lines with the standard of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. Longqi 4 is suitable for application at an altitude of 1 900 ~ 2 400 m, the annual average temperature of 5 ~ 8 ℃,semi-arid and cold damp ecological area of annual precipitation of 450 ~ 550 mm.

Objective: To establish a real-time quantitative PCR method to detect Psammosilene tunicoides β-actin, and to provide a reference gene for the detection of Psammosilene tunicoides genes by q PCR.

Methods: Specific primers were designed based on the conserved region of the β-actin gene( Gen Bank) and were used to amplify β-actin by PCR. β-actin was also used as a reference gene in the q PCR analysis of glycosyltransferase gene( UGT) expression in the roots,stems,and leaves of Psammosilene tunicoides.

Results: The length of the β-actin gene amplicon from Psammosilene tunicoides was 153 bp and shared relatively high homology with β-actin found in Vaccaria segetalis, Myosoton aquaticum and Portulaca oleracea. Furthermore, UGT was revealed to be stably expressed in different Psammosilene tunicoides tissues when β-actin was employed as the reference gene.

Conclusion: β-actin is a reliable and suitable reference gene for studies on the expression of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis-related genes in Psammosilene tunicoides.

Objective: To study the protective effects of Angelica sinensis volatile oil on atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemia mice.

Methods: 60 mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, fluvastatin group, and high-, medium- and low-dose groups of Angelica sinensis volatile oil. Normal control group were fed with normal diet, the other groups were fed with high fat diet, and treated orally Vitamin D3 (100 million IU/kg) daily for 42 d. At the 14th day after modeling, fluvastatin group were orally administrated fluvastatin (6.7 mg /kg), and high-, medium- and low-doses of Angelica sinensis volatile oil groups were orally administrated Angelica sinensis volatile oil (40, 20, 10 mg /kg) for 28 d, and the normal control group and model group were administrated equal volume normal saline. The activity state, body weight and the levels of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C in serum were measured. The atherosclerosis indexes (AI1, AI2), coronary heart index (R-CHR) were calculated. After the mice were killed, the heart, liver and abdominal aortas were taken. The mass of the heart and liver were measured, and the organ indexes were calculated; the tissues were fixed by formalin, embedded in paraffin, sliced, HE stained, and the histopathology changes were observed by microscope.

Results: Compared with normal control group, the body weight of mice in the model group were decreased (P＜0.01), and the heart, liver indexes were significantly increased (P＜0.05), the levels TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C in serum and AI1, AI2 and R-CHR were significantly increased after modeling 42 d (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the mice body weight were significantly increased, and the heart, liver index were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) in the high-, middle-dose group of Angelica sinensis volatile oil groups; the TC, TG and LDL-C levels were significantly decreased in low-dose group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01); AI1 and R-CHR were significantly decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) in all Angelica sinensis volatile oil groups, but the AI2 in the high-dose group of Angelica sinensis volatile oil was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). The histopathology results showed that Angelica sinensis volatile oil could relieve the fatty degeneration of hepatic cells and the injury of thoracic aortic intimae, and myocardial fibrosis, which could inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic plaque.

Conclusion: The certain protective effects of Angelica sinensis volatile oil are determinated on atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemia mice.

Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of Sijunzi decoction( SJZD) containing serum on the repairing of gastrointestinal mucosal damage.

Methods: SJZD containing serum was prepared by serum pharmacological method. Cell migration model was established by tips scratch method, Real-time-cell-analyzer( RTCA) was used to mensurate IEC-6 cell proliferation, the mRNA and protein expression of TLR-2 and My D88 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis,respectively.

Results: Medium dose( 10%) and high dose( 20%) of SJZD containing serum stimulated IEC-6 cell migration at 8 h after cell damage; medium dose( 10%)and high dose( 20%) of SJZD containing serum increased IEC-6 cell proliferation at 12 h after cell damage; low dose( 5%),medium dose( 10%) and high dose( 20%) of SJZD containing serum enhanced IEC-6 proliferation both at 24 h and 36 h after cell damage. Medium dose( 10%) and high dose( 20%) of SJZD containing serum upregulated TLR-2 and My D88 mRNA and protein expression,respectively.

Conclusion: Sijunzi decoction can repair the injury of gastrointestinal mucosal barrier,the mechanism may be related to its effect on activating TLR-2 / My D88 signaling pathway,and promoting IEC-6 cell migration and proliferation.

Objective: To study the effect of physicochemical characteristics of soil on Panax notoginseng agronomic character, in order to offer the theory for selecting an appropriate soil to cultivate Panax notoginseng, and to build the production bases.

Methods: To test and analyze Panax notoginseng agronomic character, to analyze the form of layered soil particles, p H value and soil fertility. At the same time, the analysis of Panax notoginseng plant height, leaf number, the length of taproot, the width of taproot, stem diameter, the width of residual part of stem, rootlet number, root fresh and dry weight and drying rate were carried out.

Results: Panax notoginseng agronomic character had a large difference. The length of roots, the width of roots and a large number of rootlets had a promoting effect on accumulating biological yield. Nevertheless, the numbers of branches had no obvious impact on accumulating biological yield. Most of soil texture were silty clay or light clay of silty clay. Physical clay and coarse silt could promote the growth of Panax notoginseng. Sand grain had significant effect on Panax notoginseng growth. A reasonable use of nitrogenous fertilizer had a prominent promoting effect on the width of the medicine’s root. In fact, the use of phosphorus potassium also had a great impact on Panax notoginseng growth.

Conclusion: Panax notoginseng should be planted on the light clay which are loose and can irrigate and drain conveniently and contains many silty. The heavy clay soil which are defective aeration and contain cosmid has a bad influence of the growth of Panax notoginseng. It will cause a decrease of the yield of medicinal materials. Using nitrogenous fertilizer aptly also is an effective way to improve the quality and yield of Panax notoginseng.

Objective: To clarify the antibacterial material basis of Polygonum capitatum.

Methods: D101 macroporous resin and MCI column chromatographic methods were used for the preparation of various fractions,while UHPLC-UV methods were used to establish the chromatogram for the fractions, and the chromatographic peaks were identified by comparing their retention times and UV spectra with the authentic standards; uniform design was adopted for the preparation of samples with different peak concentrations,and their antibacterial effects were evaluated by determining their MIC against Escherichia coli,the bacterium generally found in urinary tract infections. Grey relational analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between the 1 / MIC values and the peak areas and to reveal the antibacterial material basis of Polygonum capitatum.

Results: Peaks 1( gallic acid),6( epicatechin),8( catechin),13( rutin),17( quercetin-3-O-( 2″-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside) and 18( quercetin) showed a better correlation( grey relational grades were higher than 0. 8) to the antibacterial activity.

Conclusion: The antibacterial activity of Polygonum capitatum is attributed to the holistic effects of most of the constitutional compounds,and gallic acid,epicatechin,catechin,rutin,quercetin-3-O-( 2″-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside and quercetin are the main antibacterial material basis of Polygonum capitatum. This study forms a strong basis for the quality control and exploitation of Polygonum capitatum and its products.

Objective: To optimize the supercritical fluid extraction technology of flavonoids from taxus remainder extracts free of taxoids( TREFT) by response surface methodology( RSM).

Methods: By using a central composite design( CCD) in four factors and five levels to optimize the extraction parameters. The effects of extraction time, temperature, pressure and different concentration of ethanol and their interaction on the extraction rate of total flavonoids, amentoflavone, quercetin and ginkgetin which extracted from TREFT by supercritical fluid CO2 were investigated.

Results: Under optimal conditions of extraction time for 2. 2 h,and the extraction temperature was 46. 4 ℃,the extraction pressure was 22. 6 MPa, and 80. 7% ethanol, the index experimental of total flavonoids and monomer compositions was 98. 75.

Conclusion: The process of flavonoids extraction from TREFT is stable and feasible, which can provide technical support for the resource utilization of TREFT.

Objective: To identify the original species of fish maw sold in Guangzhou market by DNA barcoding technology.

Methods: Mitochondrial cytochrome C subunit I (CO I) gene fragment of eleven fish maw samples were amplified and sequenced with the self-designed primers. UPGMA phylogenetic tree were constructed for clustering analysis. The species origin of each sample was identified with the identification engine provided in the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD).

Results: The self-designed primers were effective in fish maw CO I amplification and sequencing, with success rates both of 100%. BOLD identification and UPGMA clustering analysis indicated the fish maw samples were derived from five fish species of three families.

Conclusion: DNA barcoding combined with BOLD identification system can accurately identify the species origin of commercial fish maw.

Objective: To study the influence of different concentrations of selenium on the growth and absorbing of Se,Cd,Pb,Hg and As in Trillium tschonoskii.

Methods: Trillium tschonoskii was treated with different concentrations of exogenous selenium, arsenic and heavy metals,and then the mass growth, leaf area,root number and other indicators reflecting its growth rule were calculated. Atomic fluorescence method was used to measure the absorption contents of Se,Cd,Pb,Hg and As.

Results: The relative mass growth,leaf area and root number of Trillium tschonoskii increased at first and then decreased with the increasing of exogenous selenium concentrations. When the concentration of selenium was 25 mg / kg,the relative mass growth,leaf area and root number of Trillium tschonoskii reached a maximum. When selenium concentrations was over than 30 mg / kg,it inhibited the growth and development of Trillium tschonoskii. Trillium tschonoskii absorbing Cd,Pb,Hg and As had a regular of first decreasing then increasing and last decreasing. It reached the lowest when selenium concentrations at the range of 10 ~ 15 mg / kg. .

Conclusion: Selenium had both stimulating effect and inhibiting effect on the growth and development of Trillium tschonoskii. Different selenium concentrations have different effects in absorbing Cd,Pb,Hg and As of Trillium tschonoskii