中药材最新文献

Objective: To investigate the constituents of the roots in Osmanthus fragrans.

Methods: The Osmanthus fragrans roots alcohol extract solution were separated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and other materials, the structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.

Results: Thirteen flavonoids were isolated from the roots of Osmanthus fragrans,which identified as glabrol ( 1), dihydroquercetin( 2),2’-hydroxy-5,7,8-trimethoxyflavone( 3),lupinifolin( 4), phloretin( 5), apigenin ( 6), calycosine( 7), quercetin( 8),3’,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxy flavanone( 9),5-hydroxy-7,8,2’,6’-tetramethoxyflavone( 10),isoliquiritigenin( 11),tonkinensisol( 12),kaempferol ( 13).

Conclusion: Compounds 1 ~ 5,7,9 ~ 12 are isolated from the Osmanthus fragrans for the first time.

Objective: To study the rapid propagation in vitro of Dioscorea opposita‘Guangfeng’, and to observe the stomas of the transplanting plantlets and potted seedlings, to test chromosome ploidy by FCM, and to detect DNA mutation by ISSR,in order to provide the technical basis for the large-scale production of Dioscorea opposita ‘Guangfeng’ plantlets.

Methods: The technique system of Dioscorea opposita ‘Guangfeng’rapid propagation in vitro was established and optimized by plant tissue culture method. The parameters of transplanting plantlets and potted seedlings were studied as follows, the stomatal parameters were observed by transparent adhesive tape method, chromosome ploidy were analyzed by FCM, and DNA mutation were detected by ISSR molecular marker.

Results: The technique system of Dioscorea opposite ‘Guangfeng’ rapid propagation in vitro was as follows, slightly woody stem segment with a bud were selected and inoculated onto MS + KT 1 mg / L + NAA 0. 2 mg / L solid culture medium and cultured in the photoperiod of 14 h / d( the temperature was( 25 ± 2) ℃ and light intensity was 1 500 ~ 2 000 Lx) after disinfected for 1 min in 70% alcohol prior to sterilized for 12 min with 0. 1% Hg Cl2,the materials were washed with sterile water for 3 times, respectively. The new bud was cut off when it grew to 2 ~ 3cm and inoculated into MS + KT 2 mg / L + NAA 0. 5 mg / L liquid culture medium and continued to culture in above culture conditions. The whole plant was formed after cultured for about 90 d. The sealing membrane was opened in transplanting, and the plantlets was still placed in above culture conditions and cultured for 2 ~ 3 d, and then the whole plant was taken out, and the culture medium washed off and then transferred into the vessel with shallow liquid MS basic culture medium and domesticated indoor. The acclimated plantlets were taken out and transplanted in the outdoor pots with the sandy soil when the new shoots grew out, and watered one time with tap water in the morning and evening per day, the survival rate reached 100%. The results of stomatal observation, FCM analysis and ISSR detection of transplanting plantlets and potted seedlings showed that the stomatal parameters, chromosome ploidy and DNA mutation of plantlets and potted seedlings had no variation.

Conclusion: The results reveal that the establishment and optimization of the technique system of Dioscorea opposita ‘Guangfeng’ rapid propagation in vitro is feasible, and the regenerated plants do not have genetic variation which can ensure the stability of the genetic.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the laccase activity and growth of Ganoderma spp.,to screen the highproducing laccase strains.

Methods: The mycelium was cultured in PDA solid medium,and the laccase activity was measured by ABTS+method. The content of polysaccharide was determined by phenol sulfuric acid method.

Results: Ganoderma gibbosum grew more rapidly in the early stage,and the laccase activity reached maximum( 1 476. 64 U/g) in the 4th day,which was 11. 37 times larger than that of sweet Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderma gibbosum had the significant advantage after a comprehensive analysis. The polysaccharide content of Ganoderma lucidum of Shinshu was lower; the growth rate of Ganoderma lucidum strain S3 was stable, and the content of polysaccharide was medium.

Conclusion: There are some differences in the growth rate of Ganoderma spp., and there is a certain correlation between the laccase activity and growth. Ganoderma gibbosum is the highest-producing laccase strain among the screening strains.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of sesamin on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats, and to study the possible mechanism.

Methods: 50 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, sham operated group, model group, high-dose sesamin group( 160 mg / kg) and low-dose sesamin group( 80 mg / kg),with 10 rats in each group. Rats in sesamin groups were administered intragastrically with sesamin for 7 d. Then all rats except those in sham operated group were subjected to myocardial ischemia-myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury model by coronary artery ligation for 40 min and subsequent reperfusion for 120 min. Serum cardiac troponin Ⅰ( c TnⅠ) and lactate dehydrogenase( LDH),levels of total antioxidant capacity( TAOC) and nitric oxide( NO) in serum and myocardial tissues,Caspase-3 activity in myocardial tissues were detected by colorimetric assay. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay. Phosphorylation level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase( eNOS) and Protein kinase B( Akt), protein expression of superoxide dismutase( SOD) in cardiac tissue were determined by Western blot.

Results: Pretreatment with sesamin significantly ameliorated myocardial injury in rats which induced myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by reduced levels of serum c TnⅠand LDH( P <0. 05 or P < 0. 01). Supplementation with sesamin resulted in a significant increasing of total antioxidant capacity and NO level in serum and myocardial tissues and cardiomyocyte apoptosis( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01),and remarkable decrease the Caspase-3 activity in myocardial tissues and cardiomyocyte apoptosis( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). Sesamin significantly up-regulated the protein expression of SOD in cardiac tissues, and the levels of phosphorylated eNOS and Akt increased notably( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01).

Conclusion: Pretreatment with sesamin effectively ameliorated myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats, and the mechanism might be related to enhancing its antioxidant capacity and the activation of Akt / eNOS signaling pathway and subsequent increase of NO synthesis and suppression of cardiac myocyte apoptosis.

Objective: To analyze the chemical compositions of the leaves from Acanthopanax senticosus.

Methods: Rapid identification of chemical constituents in the leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / MS. The chemical constituents were identified and speculated by using Peakview data processing software, the retention time, exact relative molecular mass, and cleavage fragments of MS / MS were detected. Chromatography-mass spectrometry conditions were as follows, the analysis was performed on Waters BEH C18column( 100 mm × 2. 1 mm,1. 7 μm) in gradient elution with a mobile phase of 0. 1% formic acid aqueous solution and 0. 1%formic acid acetonitrile, the flow rate was at 0. 3 m L / min, the data was collected by the negative and positive ion mode using ESI ion source.

Results: 30 compounds were identified and speculated by the standards and compounds of MS / MS, the references and Chemispider database.

Conclusion: This method is fast, sensitive and comprehensive with the rapid identification of chemical constituents in the leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus, which will provide the evidences for perfecting the quality standard, and clarify the efficacy material base of the leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus.

Objective: To investigate typical medicinal plants of Rheum altaicum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Ferula sinkiangensis, Paeonia sinjiangensis, Ephedra equisetina, and Origanum vulgare in Altay region of Xinjiang, and to clarify their current existing situation under natural condition.

Methods: Based on the 30 sample plots, ecological methods were used for investigating the community structure and species diversity of local medicinal plants.

Results: 39 species belonging to 20 families,36 genera were recorded in the area. Xerophytic shrubs, half shrubs and herbs were dominant plants. The important values of six typical medicinal plants were 0. 32,0. 37,0. 42,0. 50,0. 49 and 0. 34,respectively. Six indexes of species diversity were generally low( 0. 63 ~ 0. 80),in which the species diversity indexes of Paeonia sinjiangensis, Ferula sinkiangensis, and Rheum altaicum were the highest( 0. 80,0. 80 and 0. 76),the species diversity indexes of Ephedra equisetina and Origanum vulgare were lower( 0. 74 and 0. 64),and the species diversity index of Glycyrrhiza uralensis was the lowest( 0. 63).

Conclusion: Composition and community structure of medicinal plant species in Altay region of Xinjiang were relatively simple, which need to be protected urgently.

Objective: To analyze the genetic diversity of medicinal fungus of 27 strains of Cordyceps militaris.

Methods: Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means( UPGMA) and principal coordinate analysis( PCoA) were used to determine the genetic diversity of 27 Cordyceps militaris strains based on start codon targeted polymorphism( SCoT).

Results: Based on eight informative primers,a total of 59 bands were produced,and 94. 33% of them were polymorphic. The average of polymorphism bands was 6. 875. The results suggested that great genetic diversity existed in Cordyceps militaris. Basically,27 strains were separated into six groups using UPGMA method,while three groups when using PCoA method,which showed that genetic diversity of Cordyceps militaris samples were related to their geographical origins.

Conclusion: SCoT markers are informative and could be used to detect polymorphism for medicinal fungus of Cordyceps militaris strains.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Stauntonia chinensis.

Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 and MPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and special analysis.

Results: Seven compounds were isolated from the leaves of Stauntonia chinensis,whose structures were elucidated as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1 →3)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-( 1 →2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-28-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( 1 →4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1 →6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-3β-hydroxy-30-norolean-12,20( 29)-dien-28-oic acid( 1),3-[( O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1→3)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( 1 →2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl) oxy]-30-norolean-12,20( 29)-dien-28-oic acid O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester( 2),3-O-β-D-[( α-L-xylopyranosyl-( 1 → 2)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-30-norolean-12-en-28-oic acid α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( 1 → 4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1 → 6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester( 3), yemuoside YM27( 4), yemuoside YM21( 5),yemuoside YM10( 6) and yemuoside YM7( 7).

Conclusion: Compounds 1 ~ 3 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To prepare the salviae miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride nasal thermosensitive in situ gel and to study the characterization of its nasal mucosal permeability.

Methods: With gelling temperature as the dependent variable, the contents of poloxamer 407( P407), poloxamer 188( P188) and PEG-6000 as independent variables. The best prescription was optimized by central composite design-response surface methodology. The release in vitro and the skin permeation ability were evaluated in Franz diffusion cell.

Results: The optimal formulation composed with the dosage of P407,P188 and PEG-6000 were 18%,7% and 1%,respectively. The cumulative release in vitro was over 70% after 12 h, and the release curve conformed to the first-order kinetic equation. The cumulative permeation of salviae miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride in the gel were 2 649. 77 μg / cm2 and 119. 72 μg / cm2 after 12h.

Conclusion: The central composite design-response surface methodolog was stable and feasible for preparation of nasal thermosensitive in situ gel of salviae miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride, the drug-loaded gel has sustained release effect.

Objective: To investigate the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect and the possible molecular mechanism of the Bletilla striata polysaccharide.

Methods: Polysaccharide was prepared by water reflux extraction plus ethanol precipitation method, and following deproteinization process by Sevage method. Rat silicosis model was established by invasive intratracheal instillation method. The effect and molecular mechanism of the polysaccharide was evaluated by lung indexes, lung pathological change, serum levels of SOD,MDA,NF-κB,IL-1β,PDGF,TGF-β1,TNF-α,HYP were detected, and the contents of CD3~+,CD4~+,CD8~+T lymph cells and CD4~+/ CD8~+ratio were detected by flow cytometry.

Results: Both low( 100 mg / kg) and high( 400 mg / kg) dosage polysaccharide treatment could remarkably elevate the serum SOD level and reduce the MDA,NO level, and effectively reverse the CD4~+/ CD8~+ratio comparing with the model group( P < 0. 01). Except the TNF-α level was significantly lower in the high dosage treatment group, there was no other effect in inflammatory cytokines and HYP content in serum. HE pathological section confirmed that the Bletilla striata polysaccharide treatment group can not effectively prevent lung fibrosis.

Conclusion: The Bletilla striata polysaccharide has remarkable regulation effect on antioxidation system and immune system, but can not effectively prevent lung fibrosis, more effort should be made to study the active antipulmonary fibrosis components of Bletilla striata.