中药材最新文献

Objective: To study the Chemical constituents from Przewalskia tangutica.

Methods: The compounds were isolated and identified from n-butanol extract of Przewalskia tangutica by various chromatographic and spectral techniques.

Results: Twelve polar compounds were isolated and identified as scopolin( 1),fabiatrin( 2),rutin( 3),queroetin-3-O-rutinoside-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside( 4),protocatechuate( 5),vanillic acid( 6),thymine( 7),uracil( 8),cytosine( 9),adenine( 10),uridine( 11) and adenosine( 12).

Conclusion: Compounds 3 ~ 5,8 ~ 12 are obtained from Przewalskia tangutica for the first time.

Objective: To study the accumulation and changes of main active ingredients during liquid fermentation of Cordyceps militaris.

Methods: The militaris varity GIM5. 270 was selected to extended fermentation time to 20 days on the basic fermentation condition. Meanwhile, the accumulation and dynamic changes of biomass, polysaccharide, cordycepic acid, adenosine and cordycepin in the fermentation system were detected by the analytical method of contents per 24 hour.

Results: The foundation culture medium composed of complex nitrogen sources could reach a higher biomass level than single nitrogen sources. In addition, with the development of time, the mycelial biomass increased, the contents of polysaccharide and cordycepic acid( D-mannitol) increased firstly and then decreased, the contents of adenosine decreased gradually and cordycepin( 3-deoxy adenosine) increased gradually.

Conclusion: The whole system is observed autolyzed phenomenon caused by absorbing self-generated nutrients. In this study, the dynamic changes of the main active ingredients in the fermentation system are researched and the optimum collecting time is determined, which provides evidence for reaching a better yield of the active ingredients.

Objective: To investigate the moderating effects of total saponins of Panax japonicus on intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins in aging rats,and to explore the potential mechanism.

Methods: SD rats were divided into adult group( 6 months),old model group( 24 months),and different doses( 10,30 and 60 mg / kg) of total saponins of Panax japonicus treatment groups. Levels of tight junction proteins( Occludin and ZO-1),anti-oxidative pathway proteins( Nrf2、HO-1 and NQO-1),mitochondrial biogenesis related proteins( Sirt1 and PGC-1α) and p-AMPK in the ileum were determined by immunohistochemistry staining.

Results: Compared with adult group,the expressions of Occludin,ZO-1,Nrf2,HO-1,NQO-1,Sirt1 and PGC-1α of aging rats were obviously decreased( P < 0. 01),and p-AMPK was inhibited in the ileum of aging rats. Compared with aging model rats,total saponins of Panax japonicus increased the expressions of Occludin,ZO-1,Nrf2,HO-1,NQO-1,Sirt1 and PGC-1α( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01),and activated p-AMPK in the ileum of aging rats.

Conclusion: The decreased level of intestinal tight junction proteins in the ileum of aging rats may be related to oxidative stress. Total saponins of Panax japonicus can up-regulate the level of intestinal tight junction proteins to improve the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in the ileum of aging rat via reducing the levels of oxidative stress.

Objective: Macroscopic identification, thin layer chromatography( TLC) identification and molecular identification based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were established to identify five kinds of Bupleurum medicinal materials such as Bupleurum chinense,Bupleurum scorzonerifolium, Bupleurum marginatum, Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum and Bupleurum bicaule,which were easily confused.

Methods: According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,macroscopic characters of these five kinds of Bupleurum medicinal materials were observed and described; TLC identification method with saikosaponin d and control medicinal material of Bupleuri Radix as reference substances was established. Furthermore, DNA barcode was applied in identification of these confused drugs.

Results: Five Bupleurum medicinal materials could be easily distinguished by their morphological characters. Moreover, TLC of Bupleurum chinense,Bupleurum scorzonerifolium, Bupleurum marginatum and Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum were extremely similar while being different from that of Bupleurum bicaule. The ITS2 sequences could be used to identify the five Bupleurum medicinal materials.

Conclusion: The established macroscopic identification and TLC for distinguishing of the five kinds of Bupleurum medicinal materials are simple and accurate while DNA barcode technology being effective and extensive. Besides, this study provides scientific basis for the further pharmacodynamic studies on Bupleurum marginatum and Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum.

Objective: To establish a high phase liquid chromatography method of the content in quercetin,luteolin,apigenin,acacetin,and to compare the difference of content from four different varieties of Dendranthema morifolium in simultaneously.

Methods: The UPLC methods were adopted,and the chromatographic column was Waters ACQUITYUPLC; the column was BEH C18（ 50 mm ×2. 1 mm,1. 7 μm）,the mobile phase was 0. 1% phosphoric acid solution-methanol in gradient elution,the flow rate was 0. 2 m L/min;and the detection wavelength was set at 320 nm; the column temperature 25 ℃; and the sample quantity was 1 μL.

Results: In the range of 0. 0027 0. 0135 mg/m L（ r1= 0. 9962） concentration within quercetin in a good linear relationship between peak area. In the range of0. 0032 0. 0160 mg/m L（ r2= 0. 9963） concentration within luteolin in a good linear relationship between peak area. In the range of0. 0029 0. 0145 mg/m L（ r3= 0. 9964） of apigenin in the mass concentration and the peak area. In the range of 0. 0029 0. 0145 mg/m L（ r4= 0. 9963） concentration within acacetin in a good linear relationship between peak area.

Conclusion: This method can be determined daisy quercetin,luteolin,apigenin,acacetin content in Dendranthema morifolium.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between index components and climatic factors of Pseudostellariae Radix.

Methods: Correlation analysis ( CA), partial least square (PLS) and PCA ordination were applied to analyze the correlation of index components in Pseudostellariae Radix and climatic factors, and to explore the main climatic factors affecting the accumulation of index components in Pseudostellariae Radix.

Results: The origin and harvest time had influence on index components. The monthly minimum temperature, monthly average humidity, monthly precipitation and the annual precipitation were the dominant factors influencing the content of index components.

Conclusion: Through the positive and negative correlation between climatic factors and index components, it could explain the rationality of traditional harvest time and the reason of high content of heterophyllin B in Pseudostellariae Radix from Jiangsu Jurong.

Objective: To develop an UPLC-MS method for simultaneous determination of alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma in rat tissues, and to study the tissue distribution of alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma in rats.

Methods: The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, and analyzed by UPLC-MS with acetonitrile-0. 2% formic acid solution in a gradient elution mobile phase, the flow rate was 0. 2m L/min. Tetrahydropalmatine was used as an internal standard. The mass spectrometer was operated in selected reaction monitoring( SIM) mode with positive electrospray ionization, the transition were m/z 191. 904 /118. 973( noroxyhydrastinine), m/z 335. 877 /308. 072( 8-ocoptisine),m/z 351. 94 /294. 554( palmatine chloride),m/z 335. 94 /262. 112( epiberberine), m/z 337. 94 /322. 422( columbamine), m/z 319. 904 /292. 037( coptisine), m/z 355. 977 /192. 036( tetrahydropalmatine),m/z 335. 94 /320. 036( berberine hydrochloride),m/z 351. 94 /321. 995( oxyberberin), m/z 337. 94 /322. 949( jatrorrhizine respectively).

Results: Excellent linearity was observed in all alkaloids in their linear range( r & 0. 9901). The RSD of precision of the developed method was less than 15%,and the accuracy and stability were less than ± 15%,the extraction recovery was 72. 1% ~ 82. 9% with RSD less than 15%. Coptisine,epiberberine,berberine,jatrorrhizine,columbamine,palmatine were widely distributed in rat tissues. Noroxyhydrastinine,8-ocoptisine,oxyberberin could only be determined in liver and heart or kidney.

Conclusion: The established method is simple and accurate. Satisfactory results are obtained with applying this method to the tissue distribution study of alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma.

Objective: To establish UPLC fingerprints of Gentiana officinalis root and Gentiana macrophylla root,and to evaluate the similarity of the fingerprints,in order to provide theoretical basis for the quality control of Gentiana officinalis root.

Methods: The separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC~BEH C18column( 50 mm × 2. 1 mm,1. 7 μm) through a gradient elution of methanol-0. 04% aqueous phosphoric at a flow rate of 0. 3 m L/min. The detection wavelength was 242 nm, and the column temperature was set at30 ℃. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM( Version 2004 A) was used to analyze the fingerprints.

Results: 13 common peaks were selected as the fingerprint peaks from 13 batches of Gentiana officinalis root samples, with the similarities between 0. 976 to 0. 997, and Gentiana macrophylla root used for fingerprint applicability test has high similarity( 0. 998) with Gentiana officinalis root.

Conclusion: This method with good precision and reliability should be used for the quality control of Gentiana officinalis root.

Objective: The integumentary and digestive system of Hirudo nipponica were studied,in order to protect the precious Chinese herbal medicine.

Methods: The histological study of integumentary and digestive system of Hirudo nipponica by histological methods were carried out by microscopical method.

Results: The body wall of Hirudo nipponica could be divided into five layers, including cuticular layer, epithelial layer, dermis layer, muscle layer and grape-like tissue. The digestive system was composed ofmouth,pharyngeal,esophagus,crop,intestine,rectum and anus.

Conclusion: This study can provide the basic data for the artificial breeding, research in pathology and physiological functions of Hirudo nipponica.

Objective: To study the chemical constitutes from the roots of Lindera glauca and the alkaloids influence on proliferation of HT-29,SGC-7901,SMMC-7721 and A549 cell lines.

Methods: The constituents were isolated by column chromatography such as RP-18,Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel,and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and compared with literature data. The antitumor activity was determined by MTT assay.

Results: Ten compounds had been isolated and identified as(-)-magnocurarine( 1),N-methyl-laurotetanine( 2),laurotetanine( 3),( +)-boldine( 4),(-)-norisoboldine( 5),( +)-norisocorydine( 6),pmethane-3,8-trans-diol( 7),p-methane-3,8-cis-diol( 8),eudesm-4( 15)-ene-7,11-diol( 9) and 4β,6β-dihydroxy-1α,5β( H)-guai-9-ene( 10). Compounds 2 ~ 4 showed significant inhibitory activities against HT-29,SGC-7901,SMMC-7721 and A549 cells.

Conclusion: Compound 1,9 and 10 are isolated from this plant for the first time. The IC50 value of compound 2 against HT-29 and SGC-7901 cell lines is even lower than VP-16.