中药材最新文献

Objective: To study the difference in yield and quality of Gentiana crassicaulis with different transplanting period and transplanting methods, and to determine the optimum transplanting technique of Gentiana crassicaulis in Ludian.

Methods: The variation in fresh weight,dry weight,dry discount rate, length, diameter, branches,the content of gentiopicroside,loganin acid,alcohol-soluble extract, total ash were measured, and made a comprehensive evaluation of yield and quality by gray relational distance ideal comprehensive evaluation method.

Results: There was a big difference in yield and quality of Gentiana crassicaulis with different transplanting time and transplanting methods. Gentiana crassicaulis were transplanted in March 10 with the density of 25 cm × 24 cm,and overburden 1 cm and flat transplanting had the best comprehensive evaluation of yield and quality.

Conclusion: The transplanting time of Gentiana crassicaulis in Ludian should begin at the end of early March,and reduce overburden soil on the traditional transplanting methods.

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from Xanthium mongolicum.

Methods: The constituents were isolated and purified by silicagel,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical characteristics.

Results: Ten compounds were isolated and identified as hexadecanoic acid( 1), methyl 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoate ( 2), protocatechuic aldehyde( 3), caffeic acid methyl ester( 4), vanillic acid( 5), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid( 6), caffeic acid ethyl ester( 7), chlorogenic acid( 8), caffeic acid( 9), 3, 4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid( 10).

Conclusion: Compounds 1 ~ 5,7 and 10 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint method of Solanum nigrum fruit for its identification and quality evaluation.

Methods: The analysis was carried out by Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18column( 150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm),and eluted with mobile phase containing of acetonitrile-0. 3% phosphoric acid in a gradient mode. The temperature of column was 25 ℃,the flow rate was 1. 0m L / min, the detection wavelength was set at 205 nm, the injection volume was 10 μL. The similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM( version 2004A) was used to calculate the similarity degree of the HPLC fingerprint of Solanum nigrum fruit. .

Results: The HPLC fingerprint of ten batches Solanum nigrum fruit was established with twelve common peaks. Two characteristic peaks included solasonine and solamargine were confirmed.

Conclusion: The results indicate that establishing HPLC fingerprint of Solanum nigrum fruit can provide more comprehensive reference for identification and quality evaluation of Solanum nigrum fruit

Objective: To establish a quality evaluation method for Rhei Radix et Rhizoma based on SPE and internal standard HPLC characteristic chromatogram.

Methods: Using water reflux extraction and SPE methods, the total Rhei Radix et Rhizoma anthraquinones were obtained. By HPLC method, the characteristic chromatogram of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was established,and the qualitative research was performed with DAD and MSn. Relative area of the characteristic peaks in the samples was calculated by the addition of an internal standard to evaluate the quality of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma.

Results: The results showed that the optimum condition were as follows,the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶ 150; the extraction time was 60 min. SPE optimum condition for the introduction of Accu BOND Ⅱ SPE ODS-C18 Cartridges SPE were as follows, the loaded concentration was 1 m L, the SPE column was rinsed twice with 3 m L 0. 3% formic acid, then rinsed with 3 m L 25% methanol( containing 0. 3% formic acid) and finally eluted with 3 m L of methanol. The recovery rate was 96. 3% ~ 103%. With 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as an internal standard, the characteristic chromatogram was established, and twelve peaks were selected as characteristic peaks. In ten batches of samples, the RSD of relative retention time was < 3%,and the relative area of the characteristic peaks were calculated. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis with the results of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 edition),which indicated that the characteristic chromatogram could reflect the anthraquinones in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, and distinguish the Rheum palmatum, Rheum tanguticum and Rheum officinale.

Conclusion: It is concluded that the established method is simple,fast and specific, which can provide a reference for the evaluation of the quality of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma.

Objective: To compare the contents of iridoid glycosides in Qingyedan medicinal materials,and to provide the scientific basis for using resources of Qingyedan and rationality of original plant medicinal.

Methods: The contens of three iridoid glycosides,including swertiamarin,gentiopicroside and sweroside in Qingyedan medicinal materials were determined by HPLC.

Results: The constituents of 30 samples in nine species were significant difference. And the contents of iridoid glycosides in Swertia bimaculata,Swertia tenuis and Swertia pubescens were reported for the first time.

Conclusion: The results show that the contents of iridoid glycosides in Qingyedan medicinal materials have a significant difference due to the different species and producing areas. Therefore, these medicinal plants should not be used as alternative medicines for clinical application. Swertiamarin and sweroside can be selected as quality control components, this method is an effective method to identify and control the quality of Qingyedan materials.

Objective: To observe the effect of Yiqiyangyin formula on advanced lung cancer cachexia mice.

Methods: 60 C57 BL /6inbred mice( SPF) were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Yiqiyangyin formula group,indomethacin group, and cisplatin group, with 12 mice in each group. Model group and normal control group were treated with the same amount of normal saline. Except for the normal control group, the mice of the other groups were built with Lewis lung cancer model. The changes of the level of body mass, feed consumption,serum cytokine,the expression of TNF-α and its receptor were observed.

Results: After eight days of treatment, compared with cisplatin group, the levels of CEA,NSE,Pro GRP in serum,CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/ CD8+levels in serum peripheral blood and TNF-R1 expressions in tumor tissues of Yiqiyangyin formula group were increased( P < 0. 05),the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 and the expressions of TNF-α and TNF-R2 in tumor tissues of Yiqiyangyin formula group were significantly decreased( P <0. 05).

Conclusion: Yiqiyangyin formula affects on advanced lung cancer cachexia, which may be related to the regulation of the immune and inflammatory cytokines expression.

Objective: To investigate the genetic status of Astragalus membranaceuse resources in Gansu province.

Methods: Using SSR molecular marker technology for collection of Astragalus membranaceuse resources for genetic diversity analysis and clustering analysis.

Results: Nine SSR primers were used on PCR amplification of 57 samples in six main areas of Gansu province,PCR products molecular weighted between 100 ~ 500 bp,the polymorphic loci was 82,the polymorphism rate was 97. 56%,and the average polymorphism information content was 0. 438. At the species level,the number of alleles was 1. 976,the effective number of alleles was 1. 459,Nei’ s genetic diversity was 0. 279,Shannon information index was 0. 431,the group of genetic diversity degree was 0. 248,the genetic differentiation among of population was 0. 117,the gene flow coefficient was 3. 775,and the genetic identity was 0. 896 ~ 0. 977.

Conclusion: Astragalus membranaceuse resources of Gansu are relatively pure,and have abundant genetic diversity. The genetic variation mainly comes from the group of inside,the genes communication between populations is frequent,and the kinship between population is consistent with their geographic distance. In addition,the results of cluster analysis showed that the Core SSR primers can distinguish Astragalus and Hedysarum in the similarity of 0. 46,but Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus,Astragalus membranaceus and Astragalus tongolensis can’t be distinguished.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between soil mineral elements and NIR fingerprint of Angelica sinensis.

Methods: The fingerprint of 130 batches of Angelica sinensis from 12 production regions were determined by near infrared spectra with integrating sphere and diffuse device of near infrared spectrometer. The determination of 15 kinds of mineral elements in the corresponding origin of soil mass fraction were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, grey correlation analysis and multivariate nonlinear regression method were used to analyze.

Results: The soil mineral elements and their contribution were Cu > Pb, which were the main influencing factors of Angelica sinensis NIR fingerprint maximum absorbance on peak 7 249cm-1; the contribution of mineral elements in soil were Cr > Fe > Zn > Cd > Ca on peak 6 996 cm-1,there were positive correlation between Cr and Cd, and negative correlation between Fe and Ca; on peak 5 900 cm-1were Cu; on peak 5 000 cm-1were K > Ca > Zn; on peak 4 762 cm-1were K > Sb; on peak 4 651 cm-1were Ca > K > As > Cr, there were positive correlation between Ca and K, and the positive correlation or negative correlation between the square of As and Cr; the contribution of mineral elements in soil on peak 4 545cm-1were Ni > Cu > As; on peak 4 347 cm-1were Cd > Ca > As > Fe > K > Sb, and there were positive correlation among Cd, K, As and Fe.

Conclusion: Angelica sinensis NIR fingerprint spectrum characteristics associate with a variety of soil mineral elements, which show the multiplicity and interactivity.

Objective: To isolate the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract from Viola biflora.

Methods: Isolation and purification were carried out on repeated silica gel column chromatography,PTLC,and Sephadex LH-20. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectral analyses.

Results: Twelve compounds were isolated from Viola biflora,which identified as aurantiamide acetate( 1),solalyratin B( 2),esculetin( 3),scopoletin( 4),lupeol( 5),132S-hydroxypheophytin a( 6),vomifoliol( 7),dibutyl phthalate( 8),(-)-dihydrovomifoliol( 9),grasshopper ketone( 10),crassifol( 11) and β-sitosterol( 12).

Conclusion: All the compounds are isolated from Viola biflora for the first time. Compounds 2,7,9 ~ 11 are isolated from Viola genus for the first time.

Objective: To screen the optimum method for deproteination of Dioscorea nipponica polysaccharides.

Methods: The ratio of protein removing and polysaccharides remaining were used as indicator,four deproteination methods were evaluated.

Results: PapainSevage method was the best one, in which the deproteination rate was 91. 24%,and 80. 12% of polysaccharide was remained. The optimum conditions for deproteinization were as follows, hydrolysing the substrates with 2. 0% papain( p H 7. 0) at 55 ℃ for 122 min, and one times with Sevage method.

Conclusion: The papain-Sevage is the best deproteination method for purifying Dioscorea nipponica polysaccharides.