中药材最新文献

Objective: To investigate the influence of environment on the genetic structure and chemical ingredients of different Codonopsis species.

Methods: Amplified fragment length polymorphism( AFLP) molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic polymorphism of Codonopsis species from 24 different populations,and high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) fingerprints were performed to analyze the chemical ingredients of 10 batches of Codonopsis roots.

Results: According to species classification,the 24 populations were categorized into three groups by UPGMA cluster method. The samples of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta introduced from Wenxian( Gansu Province) and Jiuzhaigou County( Sichuan Province) were clustered into Group Ⅰ. The Codonopsis tangshen population introduced from Banqiao( Hubei Province) was clustered into Group Ⅱ. The populations from Codonopsis pilosula introduced to Shanxi Province GAP base,and the wild and cultured populations of Codonopsis pilosula collected from Shanxi Province were into Group Ⅲ. The similarity of HPLC fingerprints among three Codonopsis species introduced into the same environment was over 0. 8.

Conclusion: Genetic differences of three Codonopsis species from original areas and Codonopsis species introduced into Shanxi Province were caused by their inter-species genetic characteristic. Meanwhile, the similarities of genetic backgrounds in Codonopsis species were related to geographic space, and chemical ingredients of Codonopsis were easily influenced by the cultivation environment.

Objective: To identify an endophytic fungus BLH34 isolated from the leaf of Macleaya cordata with antibacterial activity,and to optimize its fermentation medium.

Methods: Antimicrobial activity of an endophytic fungus BLH34 was determined by the cylinder plate method. The morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer（ ITS） sequence were analyzed to identify the taxonomic position of the strain BLH34. The culture medium recipe was optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment.

Results: The results showed that the strain BLH34 had antimicrobial activity to the test strains,especially it showed significant inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. The strain BLH34 was identified as Penicillium turbatum,and the best culture medium recipe could be recognized as follows: 5% soluble starch,4% peptone,0. 06% NaNO3,and 0. 012% MgSO4·7H2O.

Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of crude extract was significantly increased after optimization, which could provide a basis for further separation and purification of the antibacterial substances extracted from strain BLH34.

Objective: To observe the effect of two treatments of sophoridine( pretreating and premixing) on lipopolysaccharide( LPS)-induced on TLR4,the expression of TLR4 and its downstream signaling molecule such as JNK and c-jun in RAW264. 7 cells were,and to detect its mechanism.

Methods: RAW264. 7 cells were randomly divided into five groups,RAW264. 7 cells control group added absence serum DMEM to incubate cells; LPS group, with added 100 μg/L LPS DMEM to incubate cells; Sophoridine control group added 31. 25 mg/L sophoridine DMEM to incubate cells; sophoridine pretreating group,added 31. 25 mg/L sophoridine DMEM to incubate cells 24 h,then threw away sophoridine and added 100 μg/L LPS DMEM to incubate cells; sophoridine premixing group added the final concentration of 31. 25 mg/L sophoridine and 100 μg/L LPS DMEM to incubate cells 1 h. After above treatments, collected cells at 5,30,60,and 120 min,respectively. The mRNA expressions of TLR4,JNK and c-jun were determined by reverse transcription PCR( RT-PCR),the protein expression of c-jun in RAW264. 7 cells was measured by immunocytochemistry and Western blot.

Results: Compared with RAW264. 7 cells control group, there were no statistical difference on each index in sophoridine control group( P >0. 05),the mRNA expressions of TLR4,JNK,c-jun and c-jun protein expression were significantly increased in LPS group( P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 05),but each index increased were different at different time points; the mRNA expressions of TLR4,JNK,c-jun and c-jun protein expression in RAW264. 7 cells were lower in sophoridine pretreating and premixing group than LPS group, but each index decreased were different at different time points.

Conclusion: Sophoridine induces the effect of antiendotoxin through regulating TLR4-JNK signal transduction pathway, which showing that the effect of different treatments of sophoridine may be multi-link adjustment.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of Ophiopogonis Radix from produce area, circulation link and clinical application in Sichuan, and to provide the theoretical basis for the quality control of Ophiopogonis Radix in Sichuan.

Methods: 105 samples were collected from different produce area, market, factory of decoction pieces, drugstore in Sichuan. The content of moisture,total ash, extractum, total saponin, heavy metal, harmful element, pesticide residues, sulfur dioxide were measured by the methods which recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia. The content of ophiopogonin D, methylophiopogonanone A, methylophiopogonanone B were measured by HPLC.

Results: The content of moisture, total ash, extractum, total saponin in 105 samples Ophiopogonis Radix in Sichuan were at 5. 7%~ 17. 9%,0. 9% ~ 3. 4%,68. 7% ~ 95. 1%,0. 12% ~ 0. 57%,respectively. Over standard rate of sulfur dioxide was 23. 81%. The content of heavy metal and harmful element was conform to the limitation requirement of Chinese pharmacopoeia. Three kinds of organic pesticide had not been checked out. The content of ophiopogonin D, methylophiopogonanone A,methylophiopogonanone B were at 0. 04~ 0. 30 mg/kg,0. 0170 ~ 0. 0837 mg/kg,0. 0049 ~ 0. 0370 mg/kg, respectively.

Conclusion: The quality of 105 samples are up to the requirement with the provisions of the Chinese pharmacopoeia. Actually,the mandatory standard was not perfect, especially lack of standard in security. It is suggested that strengthening supervision of sulfur dioxide and paclobutrazol residual according to the actual situation for ensuring the safe and effective of Ophiopogonis Radix in clinical application.

Objective: To investigate the pharmacological effects of Epimedii Folium and its different separate compositions on the rats with RA-induced osteoporosis and to screen the most active constituent. Methods: With the establishment of animal model of osteoporotic rats induced by RA, the efftects of different constituents extracted from Epimedii Folium on the contents of Ca2+, P3+, ALP, StrACP, BCG and E2 in serum were measured, and their influence on the calcium and phosphate of bone, bilateral femur mass/body mass, unilateral femur ash mass/dry mass was evaluated. The femur morphology was observed through histomorphology. Results: The 30% ethanol section can significantly increase the contents of Ca2+, P3+ in model rats, promote the level of E2 in serum, and decrease the contents of ALP, StrACP, BCG and P3+ in serum, significantly raising the unilateral femur ash mass/dry mass and bilateral femur mass/body mass. The total constituents can significantly increase Ca2+, unilateral femur ash mass/dry mass, and unilateralbilateral femur mass/body mass, and decrease ALP and P3+ in serum. In comparing with other groups, except for the positive control group, the observation of histomorphology exhibited that the 30% ethanol section improved the pathomorphism of bone most obviously and significantly increased the density and space of trabecular, with discontinuous spongy bone existing in local gusongzhiincus buttress. The sequence of the effect on anti-osteoporosis was 30% ethanol section > total constituents > water section > 95% ethanol section > polysaccharide. Conclusion: The 30% ethanol section manifested the most significant effect on anti-osteoporosis. The total constituents also had a certain degree of effect on anti-osteoporosis which was weaker than 30% ethanol section. The water and 95% ethanol sections showed a certain extent of preventive effect on anti-osteoporosis, and the effects of polysaccharide group were inapparent.Objective:To investigate the pharmacological effects of Epimedii Folium and its different extacted constituents on the rats with RA-induced osteoporosis.To screening the most active constituent.

Methods: With building animal model of osteoporotic rat induced by RA, different constituents extracted from Epimedii Folium affected the content of Ca2+,P3+,ALP,Str ACP,BCG and E2in serum were measured, and on the calcium and phosphate of bone,mass-ratio of in bilateral femur, ash to dry ratio in unilateral were evaluated. The thigh-bone morphological was observed through histomorphology.

Results: The 30%alcohol section can significantly increase the content of Ca2+,P3+in model rats, promote the level of E2in serum, and decrease the content of Str ACP,BCG and P3+in serum, significantly raise the mass-ratio of in bilateral femur, and ash to dry in unilateral. The entire ingredient section can significantly increase Ca2+,mass-ratio of in bilateral femur, and ash to dry in

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of Jasminum elongatum.

Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various column chromatographic methods and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.

Results: Nine compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of Jasminum elongatum and identified as protocatechuic acid( 1),caffeic acid( 2),salicylic acid( 3),isovanillic acid( 4),ferulic acid( 5),methyl caffeate( 6),caffein( 7),3,6-diisopropylpiperazin-2,5-dione( 8),scopoletin( 9).

Conclusion: All the compounds are isolated from the this plants for the first time.

Objective: To study the influence of different mineral elements enrichment of calcium, iron, and zinc on the growth of the mycelium from Inonotus obliquus, to explore the influence on total triterpenoids content of Inonotus obliquus.

Methods: Mineral elements were enriched on Inonotus obliquus, total triterpenoids extraction methods and determination methods were optimized, and total triterpenoids content of Inonotus obliquus were compared through different mineral elements enrichment.

Results: The mycelial growth and yield were promoted obviously when 1 000 mg/L Ca(NO3)2 was added in the culture medium, and the calcium enrichment rate could reach to 0.07%. The most appropriate iron source was Fe2(SO4)3, and the iron enrichment rate could reach to 0.29% when 300 mg/L Fe2(SO4)3 was added. 175 mg/L Zn SO4 led to the strongest mycelium growth vigor, and the zinc enrichment rate could reach to 0.57%. The total triterpenoids content of Inonotus obliquus was the highest (0.058 mg/mL) as enrichment of calcium element, the total triterpenoids content of Inonotus obliquus was the least (0.04 mg/mL) as enrichment of iron elements.

Conclusion: The total triterpenoids content of Inonotus obliquus was the highest when calcium element was enriched. This study provides a new method and basic data for the factory production of Inonotus obliquus.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the chloroform and acetic ether fractions from infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea.

Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods. Spectral analysis were taken to identify the structures.

Results: Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as dotriacontane( 1), ursolic acid( 2),hexacosene( 3),β-sitosterol( 4),daucosterol( 5),2,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-1,4-naphthalenedione( 6),3,3’-dimethoxyellagic acid( 7),ellagic acid( 8),4’-hydroxyisoflavone-7-O-β-D-galactoside( 9),3,3’-dimethoxyellagic acid-4’-O-β-D-xylopyroside( 10), gallic acid( 11).

Conclusion: Compounds 1,3 ~ 6,9,10 are isolated from this genus for the first time, compounds 1 ~ 6,9,10 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To optimize the extraction process of saponins in steamed Panax notoginseng by Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology.

Methods: On the basis of single factor screening, Box-Behnken experimental design was employed,the content of saponins and dry extract rate of overall desirability（ OD） were as the evaluation index,and the extraction time（ X1）,solvent multiple（ X2）,solvent concentration（ X3） and extraction times were used as independent variables. Optimum experimental condition were selected from the stationary point of the response surfaces.

Results: By Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology and prognostic scoring system optimized scheme,the preferred processing condition were as follows, the right amount of steamed Panax notoginseng,added 16 times of 70% ethyl alcohol,extracted three times,and each time extracted for 2. 5 h. The calculated value of the process condition was basically consistent with the theoretical value,with less deviation.

Conclusion: The extraction technology of saponins optimized by Box-Behnken design is practical and rational,which can better predict the content of saponins and dry extract rate and other indicators in steamed Panax notoginseng.

Objective: To compare the intervention effects of volatile oils from different preparations of Angelica sinensis root on acute inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats.

Methods: Acute inflammation model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide( 100 μg/kg) in rats. Blood and serum inflammatory mediators and cytokines were detected, combining with the pathological histological observation of lung and liver to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of volatile oils from parching Angelica sinensis root with wine( J-VOAS),volatile oils from charred Angelica sinensis root( C-VOAS) and Angelica sinensis root( S-VOAS).

Results: Compared with control group, the WBC count, the percentage of NE and PLT count in acute inflammation model group significantly increased ( P < 0. 05),and the percentage of LY significantly decreased( P < 0. 05); the content of IL-1β,IL-6,NO and TNF-α significantly increased( P < 0. 001) and content of IL-10 significantly decreased( P < 0. 05) in model group; after J-VOAS,C-VOAS and S-VOAS intervention, the blood routine index and serum inflammatory mediators and cytokines significantly reversed( P < 0. 05). The pathological histological study showed that expanded alveoli, massive inflammatory cells infiltration in alveoli and pulmonary interstitium, the liver leaflets diffuse necrosis, hepatic cord derangement, and some of the liver cells degeneration and edema in model group; after J-VOAS intervention, their pathological changes significantly reduced.

Conclusion: All volatile oils from different preparations of Angelica sinensis root had intervention on acute inflammation induced by LPS. And J-VOAS had the best effect, followed by C-VOAS and S-VOAS.