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Changes in hypothalamic mu-opioid receptor expression following acute olanzapine treatment in female rats: Implications for feeding behavior 雌性大鼠急性奥氮平治疗后下丘脑-阿片受体表达的变化:对摄食行为的影响
IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102324
Maiken Krogsbaek , Nick Yao Larsen , Anne M. Landau , Connie Sanchez , Jens Randel Nyengaard

Advances have been made in recent years in using opioid receptor antagonists as an adjunct therapy to psychotropic medication to reduce debilitating weight gain and metabolic adverse effects associated with in particular second generation antipsychotics. However, it is unknown whether second generation antipsychotics produce a change in opioid receptor expression in the brain. The present study investigated early changes in opioid receptor expression in the female rat hypothalamus, a master controller of hunger and metabolic regulation, after acute treatment with olanzapine, a commonly used second generation antipsychotic. Using quantitative spatial in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography, expression levels of the three opioid receptors; kappa, mu and delta, were determined at mRNA and protein level, respectively, in the five hypothalamic areas: paraventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus, ventromedial nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus and lateral hypothalamus. After 48 h of olanzapine treatment at clinically relevant plasma concentration weight gain and food intake changes, and increased plasma glucose were observed in female rats. Olanzapine treatment also led to a significant increase in mu opioid receptor availability in the arcuate nucleus, which contains both satiety and hunger controlling neurons. No other areas showed any opioid receptor expressional changes with olanzapine treatment on neither at mRNA nor protein level. Technical difficulties made it impossible to analyze mRNA levels in the lateral hypothalamus and overall binding of delta opioid receptors. Thus, the present study provided insights in to how olanzapine at clinically relevant plasma levels already at an early stage modulated the opioid system in the hypothalamus.

近年来,在使用阿片受体拮抗剂作为精神药物的辅助治疗方面取得了进展,以减少与第二代抗精神病药物相关的衰弱性体重增加和代谢不良反应。然而,尚不清楚第二代抗精神病药物是否会改变大脑中阿片受体的表达。本研究研究了雌性大鼠下丘脑中阿片受体表达的早期变化,下丘脑是饥饿和代谢调节的主要控制者,在急性使用奥氮平(一种常用的第二代抗精神病药)后。采用定量空间原位杂交和受体放射自显影技术,检测三种阿片受体的表达水平;分别测定下丘脑室旁核、弓形核、腹内侧核、背内侧核和外侧下丘脑5个区域的kappa、mu和delta mRNA和蛋白水平。奥氮平治疗48 h后,观察到雌性大鼠的临床相关血药浓度、体重增加、摄食量变化及血糖升高。奥氮平治疗还导致弓状核中mu阿片受体的可用性显著增加,弓状核包含饱腹感和饥饿控制神经元。其他区域在mRNA和蛋白水平上均未见阿片受体表达变化。由于技术上的困难,无法分析下丘脑外侧的mRNA水平和δ阿片受体的总体结合。因此,本研究为临床相关的早期血浆水平的奥氮平如何调节下丘脑的阿片系统提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Neuroprotective effect of quercetin nanoparticles: A possible prophylactic effect in cerebellar neurodegenerative disorders 槲皮素纳米颗粒的神经保护作用:对小脑神经退行性疾病的可能预防作用
IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102307
Nashwa Fathy Gamal El-Tahawy , Rehab Ahmed Rifaai , Entesar Ali Saber , Seham A.Abd El-Aleem , Hanaa Hassanein Mohammed

Memory deficit, anxiety, coordination deficit and depression are common neurological disorders attributed to aluminum (Al) buildup in the nervous system. Quercetin nanoparticles (QNPs) are a newly developed effective neuroprotectant. We aimed to investigate the potential protective and therapeutic effects of QNPs in Al induced toxicity in rat cerebellum. A rat model of Al-induced cerebellar damage was created by AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) administration orally for 42 days. QNPs (30 mg/kg) was administered for 42-days as a prophylactic (along with AlCl3 administration) or therapeutic for 42-days (following AlCl3 induced cerebellar damage). Cerebellar tissues were assessed for structural and molecular changes. The results showed that Al induced profound cerebellar structural and molecular changes, including neuronal damage, astrogliosis and tyrosine hydroxylase downregulation. Prophylactic QNPs significantly reduced Al induced cerebellar neuronal degeneration. QNPs is a promising neuroprotectant that can be used in elderly and vulnerable subjects to protect against neurological deterioration. It could be a promising new line for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.

记忆缺陷、焦虑、协调缺陷和抑郁是常见的神经系统疾病,归因于神经系统中铝的积聚。槲皮素纳米粒子(QNPs)是一种新开发的有效的神经保护剂。我们旨在研究QNPs对铝诱导的大鼠小脑毒性的潜在保护和治疗作用。通过口服AlCl3(100mg/kg)42天来建立Al诱导的小脑损伤的大鼠模型。QNPs(30mg/kg)作为预防性给药(与AlCl3一起给药)或治疗性给药42天(在AlCl3诱导的小脑损伤之后)。评估小脑组织的结构和分子变化。结果表明,Al诱导了小脑结构和分子的深刻变化,包括神经元损伤、星形胶质细胞增生和酪氨酸羟化酶下调。预防性QNPs显著减少Al诱导的小脑神经元变性。QNPs是一种很有前途的神经保护剂,可用于老年人和弱势受试者,以防止神经系统恶化。它可能是神经退行性疾病治疗干预的一条有前景的新路线。
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引用次数: 0
Anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, and memory enhancement potential of Phyllanthus amarus in potassium-dichromate induced neurotoxicity of male Wistar rats 甘菊抗炎、抗胆碱酯酶、抗氧化和增强记忆对重铬酸钾诱导的雄性Wistar大鼠神经毒性的影响
IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102308
Kingsley Afoke Iteire , Tolulope Judah Gbayisomore , Olalekan Marvelous Olatuyi

This study investigated the protective effect of aqueous Phyllanthus amarus leaf extract (APALE) in Potassium dichromate (PDc)-induced neurotoxicity. Seventy young adult male, Wistar rats with a weight of 130–150 g, were randomised into seven groups (n = 10): Group 1; distilled water; Group 2: 300 mg/kg APALE; Group 3: 17 mg/kg PDc; Group 4: 5 mg/kg Donepezil (DPZ); Group 5: 17 mg/kg PDc + 400 mg/kg APALE; Group 6:17 mg/kg PDc + 200 mg/kg APALE; Group 7: 17 mg/kg PDc + 5 mg/kg DPZ. All administrations were given once daily via an orogastric cannula for 28 consecutive days. Cognitive assessment tests were employed to ascertain the treatments' effects on the rats' cognitive function. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, morphometric analysis was done, and the brains were dissected for histology, enzyme, and other biochemical analysis. Findings from this study showed that APALE significantly improved locomotive activity, recognition memory sensitivity, protection against fear and anxiety, enhanced decision-making, and improved memory function in a dose-dependent manner comparably to DPZ. In addition, APALE significantly increased antioxidants level, reducing oxidative stress in PDc-induced neurotoxic rats and significantly reducing brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity by regulating gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) levels in PDc-induced neurotoxic rats compared to DPZ. Furthermore, APALE alleviated neuroinflammatory responses via maintaining histoarchitecture and down-regulation of IBA1 and Tau in PDc-induced rats. In conclusion, APALE protected against PDc-induced neurotoxicity via a combination of anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic, and antioxidant effects on the prefrontal cortex of rats.

本研究探讨了苦叶水提取物(APALE)对重铬酸钾(PDc)诱导的神经毒性的保护作用。70只体重为130–150 g的年轻成年雄性Wistar大鼠被随机分为七组(n=10):第1组;蒸馏水;第2组:300mg/kg APALE;第3组:17 mg/kg PDc;第4组:多奈哌齐5mg/kg;第5组:17 mg/kg PDc+400 mg/kg APALE;组:17 mg/kg PDc+200 mg/kg APALE;第7组:17 mg/kg PDc+5 mg/kg DPZ。所有给药均通过口胃插管每天给药一次,连续28天。采用认知评估测试来确定治疗对大鼠认知功能的影响。实验结束时,处死大鼠,进行形态计量学分析,解剖大脑进行组织学、酶和其他生化分析。这项研究的结果表明,与DPZ相比,APALE以剂量依赖的方式显著改善了机车活动、识别记忆敏感性、对恐惧和焦虑的保护、增强了决策能力,并改善了记忆功能。此外,与DPZ相比,APALE显著提高了抗氧化剂水平,降低了PDc诱导的神经毒性大鼠的氧化应激,并通过调节PDc诱导神经毒性大白鼠的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)水平显著降低了脑乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性。此外,APALE通过维持PDc诱导的大鼠的组织结构和下调IBA1和Tau来减轻神经炎症反应。总之,APALE通过对大鼠前额叶皮层的抗炎、抗胆碱能和抗氧化作用来保护其免受PDc诱导的神经毒性。
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引用次数: 0
Isoflurane-induced reduction in neurogenesis derived from the tertiary dentate matrix 异氟醚诱导的来自第三齿状基质的神经发生减少
IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102325
Xin-Li Xiao , Da-Meng Pan , Zhe-Qian Zhang , Tao Wang , Ding-Hui Li , Chu-Tong Zhang , Le-Fan Liu , Yu Chen , Shu-Nan Yang , Jing Tan , Guan-Ling Fu , Yan-Bing Ma , Xiao-Lin Wu , Jin-Song Zhou , Feng Wu , Kai-Wei Si , Jian-Xin Liu

Anesthetics-induced disruption of dentate neurogenesis in the young brain is strongly suggested to contribute to delayed neurocognitive deficit. In postnatal rodents, the neurogenesis of the dentate gyrus (DG) is sequentially derived from the secondary dentate matrix, tertiary dentate matrix and subgranular zone (SGZ). However, the effects of anesthetics on the dentate neurogenesis derived from specific sites are poorly understood. To trace the new cells generated from the postnatal secondary dentate matrix, peak stage of the tertiary dentate matrix and early stage of the SGZ after isoflurane exposure, mice at postnatal day 1 (P1), P7 and P31 were injected with BrdU at 12 h before the exposure. We found that isoflurane exposure significantly reduced the numbers of proliferating cells (1 day old), immature granule cells (21 days old) or mature granule cells (42 days old) derived from the peak stage of the tertiary dentate matrix and postnatal secondary dentate matrix, but not from the SGZ. Quantitative assessment of BrdU-/BrdU+NeuN-positive cells and cleaved caspase-3 level in the DG indicated that the reduction was correlated with cell loss rather than neuronal differentiation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway enriched by mRNA-sequencing is a requirement for the isoflurane-induced loss of 1-day-old proliferating cells generated from the tertiary dentate matrix. In addition, this study demonstrated that P1 and P7 mice, but not P31 mice exposure to isoflurane resulted in subsequent deficits in performance of the tasks of the Morris Water Maze.

麻醉药引起的齿状神经发生在年轻大脑的破坏被强烈建议有助于延迟神经认知缺陷。在出生后的啮齿动物中,齿状回(DG)的神经发生依次来源于二级齿状基质、三级齿状基质和亚颗粒带(SGZ)。然而,麻醉药对源自特定部位的齿状神经发生的影响尚不清楚。为了追踪异氟醚暴露后,小鼠出生后第1天(P1)、P7和P31的小鼠在暴露前12 h注射BrdU,观察其新生细胞的生成情况,以及第三齿状基质的高峰阶段和SGZ的早期阶段。我们发现,异氟醚暴露显著减少了来自第三齿状基质和出生后二级齿状基质高峰阶段的增殖细胞(1日龄)、未成熟颗粒细胞(21日龄)或成熟颗粒细胞(42日龄)的数量,但没有来自SGZ。对DG中BrdU-/BrdU+ neun阳性细胞和cleaved caspase-3水平的定量评估表明,这种降低与细胞损失有关,而与神经元分化无关。从机制上讲,我们证明了通过mrna测序富集的PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β通路是异氟醚诱导的由三级齿状基质产生的1日龄增殖细胞损失的必要条件。此外,本研究表明,暴露于异氟醚的P1和P7小鼠(而非P31小鼠)会导致莫里斯水迷宫任务的后续表现缺陷。
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引用次数: 0
Application of the wholebrain calculation interactive framework to map whole-brain neural connectivity networks 全脑计算交互框架在全脑神经连接网络映射中的应用
IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102304
Liping Ma, He Liu, Ziyi Xu, Mengli Yang, Yinghua Zhang

The aim of this work was to develop a simple and feasible method of mapping the neural network topology of the mouse brain. Wild-type C57BL/6 J mice (n = 10) aged 8–10 weeks were injected with the cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) tracer in the anterior (NAcCA) and posterior (NAcCP) parts of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and in the medial (NAcSM) and lateral (NAcSL) parts of the NAc shell. The labeled neurons were reconstructed using the WholeBrain Calculation Interactive Framework. The NAcCA receives neuronal projections from the olfactory areas (OLF) and isocortex; the thalamus and isocortex project more fibers to the NAcSL, and the hypothalamus send more fiber projections to the NAcSM. Cell resolution can be automatically annotated, analyzed, and visualized using the WholeBrain Calculation Interactive Framework, making large-scale mapping of mouse brains at cellular and subcellular resolutions easier and more accurate.

这项工作的目的是开发一种简单可行的绘制小鼠大脑神经网络拓扑的方法。在8–10周龄的野生型C57BL/6 J小鼠(n=10)伏隔核(NAc)核的前部(NAcCA)和后部(NAcCP)以及伏隔核外壳的内侧(NAcSM)和外侧(NAcSL)注射霍乱毒素亚单位B(CTB)示踪剂。使用WholeBrain Calculation Interactive Framework重建标记的神经元。NAcCA接收来自嗅觉区(OLF)和等皮层的神经元投射;丘脑和等角体向NAcSL投射更多的纤维,下丘脑向NAcSM投射更多的光纤。细胞分辨率可以使用WholeBrain Calculation Interactive Framework自动注释、分析和可视化,使以细胞和亚细胞分辨率对小鼠大脑进行大规模映射变得更容易、更准确。
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引用次数: 0
Thimet oligopeptidase (THOP 1) distribution in cane toad (Bufo Marinus, Linnaeus, 1758) brain Thimet寡肽酶(THOP1)在蟾蜍(Bufo Marinus,Linnaeus,1758)脑中的分布。
IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102345
Diogo M.L.P. Cavalcanti , Tiago S. Teófilo , Tayline D. Rodrigues , Tayssa N.S. Barbosa , José D. Fontenele-Neto

Thimet oligopeptides (THOP 1) is a metal-dependent peptidase involved in the metabolism of neuropeptides and the presentation of peptides via MHC-1. It has been shown to play a role in the regulation of protein-protein interactions and the metabolism of intracellular peptides. THOP 1 is associated with important biological processes such as metabolism and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. The objective of this study is to elucidate the distribution of THOP 1 in the Bufo marinus brain. The analysis of THOP 1 amino acid sequences indicates that they have been conserved throughout evolution, with significant homology observed across various phyla. When comparing amphibians with other species, more than 70% identity can be identified. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the toad's brain has demonstrated that the enzyme has a ubiquitous distribution, consistent with previous findings in mammals. THOP 1 can be found in important areas of the brain, such as bulb, thalamic nuclei, striatum, hypothalamus, and among others. Nonetheless, THOP 1 is consistently localized within the nucleus, a pattern also observed in the rat brain. Therefore, based on these results, the toad appears to be an excellent model for studying the general biology of THOP 1, given the substantial homology of this enzyme with mammals and its similarity in distribution within the brain.

Thimet寡肽(THOP1)是一种金属依赖性肽酶,参与神经肽的代谢和通过MHC-1呈递肽。它已被证明在蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用和细胞内肽代谢的调节中发挥作用。THOP 1与代谢和神经退行性疾病等重要的生物学过程有关。本研究的目的是阐明THOP1在蟾蜍脑中的分布。对THOP 1氨基酸序列的分析表明,它们在整个进化过程中都是保守的,在不同的门中观察到显著的同源性。当将两栖动物与其他物种进行比较时,可以确定70%以上的身份。蟾蜍大脑的免疫组织化学分析表明,这种酶具有普遍的分布,与之前在哺乳动物中的发现一致。THOP 1可以在大脑的重要区域发现,如灯泡、丘脑核、纹状体、下丘脑等。尽管如此,THOP 1始终定位在细胞核内,这一模式也在大鼠大脑中观察到。因此,基于这些结果,蟾蜍似乎是研究THOP 1一般生物学的优秀模型,因为这种酶与哺乳动物具有显著的同源性,并且在大脑中的分布相似。
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引用次数: 0
Localization and neurochemical identity of alpha1-adrenergic receptor-containing elements in the mouse locus coeruleus 小鼠蓝斑中含有α1肾上腺素能受体元件的定位和神经化学特性。
IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102343
Zachary N.M. Luyo , Abigail B. Lawrence , Theodore G. Stathopoulos , Darlene A. Mitrano

The locus coeruleus (LC) is the major source for norepinephrine (NE) in the brain and projects to areas involved in learning and memory, reward, arousal, attention, and autonomic functions related to stress. There are three types of adrenergic receptors that respond to NE: alpha1-, alpha2-, and beta-adrenergic receptors. Previous behavioral studies have shown the alpha1-adrenergic receptor (α1AR) to be present in the LC, however, with conflicting results. For example, it was shown that α1ARs in the LC are involved in some of the motivational effects of stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle, which was reduced by α1AR antagonist terazosin. Another study showed that during novelty-induced behavioral activation, the α1AR antagonist prazosin reduced c-fos expression in brain regions known to contain motoric α1ARs, except for the LC, where c-fos expression was enhanced. Despite new research delineating more specific connectivity of the neurons in the LC, and some roles of the adrenergic receptors, the α1ARs have not been localized at the subcellular level. Therefore, in order to gain a greater understanding of the aforementioned studies, we used immunohistochemistry at the electron microscopic (EM) level to determine which neuronal or glial elements in the LC express the α1AR. We hypothesized, based on previous work in the ventral periaqueductal gray area, that the α1AR would be found mainly presynaptically in axon terminals, and possibly in glial elements. Single labeling immunohistochemistry at the EM revealed that about 40% of labeled elements that contained the α1AR were glial elements, while approximately 50% of the labeled neuronal elements were axon terminals or small unmyelinated axons in the LC. Double labeling immunohistochemistry found the α1AR expressed in GFAP-labeled astrocytes, in both GABAergic and glutamatergic axon terminals, and in a portion of the α1AR dendrites, colocalized with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a marker for noradrenergic neurons). This study sheds light on the neuroanatomical framework underlying the effects of NE and pharmaceuticals acting directly or indirectly on α1ARs in the LC.

蓝斑(LC)是大脑中去甲肾上腺素(NE)的主要来源,并投射到与学习和记忆、奖励、唤醒、注意力和与压力相关的自主功能有关的区域。有三种类型的肾上腺素能受体对NE有反应:α1-、α2-和β肾上腺素能受体。然而,先前的行为研究表明,α1肾上腺素能受体(α1AR)存在于LC中,结果相互矛盾。例如,研究表明,LC中的α1AR参与刺激内侧前脑束的一些动机作用,而α1AR拮抗剂特拉唑嗪可降低这种作用。另一项研究表明,在新奇诱导的行为激活过程中,α1AR拮抗剂哌唑嗪降低了已知含有运动α1AR的大脑区域的c-fos表达,但LC除外,在LC中c-fos表达增强。尽管新的研究描述了LC中神经元的更特异性连接,以及肾上腺素能受体的一些作用,但α1ARs尚未在亚细胞水平上定位。因此,为了更好地了解上述研究,我们在电子显微镜(EM)水平上使用免疫组织化学来确定LC中哪些神经元或神经胶质元件表达α1AR。根据先前在腹侧导水管周围灰质的研究,我们假设α1AR主要在突触前的轴突终末发现,可能在神经胶质细胞中发现。EM的单标记免疫组织化学显示,约40%的含有α1AR的标记元件是神经胶质元件,而约50%的标记神经元元件是LC中的轴突终末或小的无髓鞘轴突。双标记免疫组织化学发现,α1AR在GFAP标记的星形胶质细胞中表达,在GABA能和谷氨酸能轴突终末,以及在一部分α1AR树突中,与酪氨酸羟化酶(TH,去甲肾上腺素能神经元的标志物)共定位。这项研究揭示了NE和药物直接或间接作用于LC中α1ARs的影响的神经解剖学框架。
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引用次数: 0
Celecoxib attenuates neuroinflammation, reactive astrogliosis and promotes neuroprotection in young rats with experimental hydrocephalus 塞来昔布可减轻实验性脑积水幼鼠的神经炎症、反应性星形胶质细胞增生并促进神经保护。
IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102344
Maurício Dutra , Stephanya Covas da Silva , Pâmella da Silva Beggiora Marques , Izadora Oliveira Amaral , Stephanie Naomi Funo de Souza , Luiz Antônio Dutra , Marcelo Volpon Santos , Hélio Rubens Machado , Luiza da Silva Lopes

Hydrocephalus is a neurological condition with altered cerebrospinal fluid flow (CSF). The treatment is surgical and the most commonly used procedure is ventricle-peritoneal shunt. However, not all patients can undergo immediate surgery or achieve complete lesion reversal. Neuroprotective measures are valuable in such cases. It was evaluated whether the use of celecoxib, a selective inhibitor of COX-2, associated or not with ventricular-subcutaneous derivation, could offer benefits to the brain structures affected by experimental hydrocephalus. Seven-day-old male Wistar Hannover rats induced by intracisternal injection of kaolin 15% were used, divided into five groups with ten animals each: intact control (C), untreated hydrocephalus (H), hydrocephalus treated with celecoxib 20 mg/kg intraperitoneal (HTC), hydrocephalus treated with shunt (HTS) and hydrocephalus treated with shunt and celecoxib 20 mg/kg intraperitoneal (HTCS). Celecoxib was administered for 21 consecutive days, starting the day after hydrocephalus induction and continuing until the end of the experimental period. The surgery was performed seven days after inducing hydrocephalus. Multiple assessment methods were used, such as behavioral tests (water maze and open field), histological analysis (hematoxylin and eosin), immunohistochemistry (caspase-3, COX-2, and GFAP), and ELISA analysis of GFAP. The results of the behavioral and memory tests indicated that celecoxib improves the neurobehavioral response. The improvement can be attributed to the reduced neuroinflammation (p < 0.05), and astrogliosis (p < 0.05) in different brain regions. In conclusion, the results suggest that celecoxib holds great potential as an adjuvant neuroprotective drug for the treatment of experimental hydrocephalus.

脑积水是一种伴有脑脊液流量改变的神经系统疾病。治疗是外科手术,最常用的方法是脑室-腹腔分流术。然而,并非所有患者都能立即接受手术或实现完全的病变逆转。在这种情况下,神经保护措施是有价值的。评估塞来昔布(一种选择性COX-2抑制剂)的使用是否与心室皮下衍生有关,是否能对受实验性脑积水影响的大脑结构产生益处。用7天大的雄性Wistar Hannover大鼠,通过脑内注射15%高岭土诱导,分为5组,每组10只动物:完整对照组(C)、未治疗的脑积水组(H)、腹腔内用塞来昔布20mg/kg处理的脑积水(HTC)、用分流器处理的脑出血(HTS)和用分流器和腹腔内用20mg/kg塞来昔布处理的脑水肿(HTCS)。塞来昔布连续给药21天,从脑积水诱导后第二天开始,一直给药到实验期结束。手术是在诱发脑积水7天后进行的。使用多种评估方法,如行为测试(水迷宫和开阔场地)、组织学分析(苏木精和伊红)、免疫组织化学(胱天蛋白酶-3、COX-2和GFAP)和GFAP的ELISA分析。行为和记忆测试结果表明塞来昔布可改善神经行为反应。这种改善可归因于神经炎症的减少(p
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引用次数: 0
Neurobiological and pathophysiological concepts of Christfried Jakob (1866–1956) on language and aphasia: An English translation of two communications [1910,1932] and a modern perspective Christfried Jakob(1866-1956)关于语言和失语症的神经生物学和病理生理学概念:两种交流的英译[1901932]和现代视角。
IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102341
Maria E. Vasilopoulou , Lazaros C. Triarhou

The aim of the present article is to preserve, in English translation, two historical communications on aphasia and the pathophysiology of language by the neurobiologist Christfried Jakob (1866–1956) of Buenos Aires, and to place them in a modern perspective. The morphofunctional basis of human language and its pathology occupied Jakob’s mind over three decades. His synthetic conclusions were based on the neuropathological examination of dozens of aphasic cases from the Hospital de Las Mercedes and the National Women’s Psychiatric Hospital between 1906 and 1936. Special mention is made of the role of the cerebellum, the thalamus, and their connections with the cerebral cortex, and the language network. Current research and imaging studies support and elaborate that which Jacob presented so many years ago; many of his analyses and ideas are informative and remain relevant today.

本文的目的是在英文翻译中保留布宜诺斯艾利斯神经生物学家Christfried Jakob(1866-1956)关于失语症和语言病理生理学的两次历史交流,并将其置于现代视野中。人类语言的形态功能基础及其病理学占据了雅各布三十多年的思想。他的综合结论是基于1906年至1936年间对拉斯梅塞德斯医院和国家妇女精神病医院数十例失语症患者的神经病理学检查得出的。特别提到了小脑、丘脑的作用,以及它们与大脑皮层和语言网络的联系。目前的研究和成像研究支持并阐述了雅各布多年前提出的观点;他的许多分析和观点都是翔实的,至今仍具有现实意义。
{"title":"Neurobiological and pathophysiological concepts of Christfried Jakob (1866–1956) on language and aphasia: An English translation of two communications [1910,1932] and a modern perspective","authors":"Maria E. Vasilopoulou ,&nbsp;Lazaros C. Triarhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The aim of the present article is to preserve, in English translation, two historical communications on aphasia and the pathophysiology of language by the neurobiologist Christfried Jakob (1866–1956) of Buenos Aires, and to place them in a modern perspective. The morphofunctional basis of human language and its pathology occupied Jakob’s mind over three decades. His synthetic conclusions were based on the neuropathological examination of dozens of aphasic cases from the Hospital de Las Mercedes and the National Women’s Psychiatric Hospital between 1906 and 1936. Special mention is made of the role of the </span>cerebellum<span><span>, the thalamus, and their connections with the </span>cerebral cortex, and the language network. Current research and imaging studies support and elaborate that which Jacob presented so many years ago; many of his analyses and ideas are informative and remain relevant today.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":15324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical neuroanatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10286434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activation patterns of dopaminergic cell populations reflect different learning scenarios in a cichlid fish, Pseudotropheus zebra 多巴胺能细胞群的激活模式反映了慈鲷、斑马鱼的不同学习场景。
IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102342
Calvo Roberta , Schluessel Vera , Hofmann Hans A , Hofmann Michael H

Dopamine is present in all vertebrates and the functional roles of the subsystems are assumed to be similar. Whereas the effect of dopaminergic modulation is well investigated in different target systems, less is known about the factors that are causing the modulation of dopaminergic cells. Using the zebra mbuna, Pseudotropheus zebra, a cichlid fish from Lake Malawi as a model system, we investigated the activation of specific dopaminergic cell populations detected by double-labeling with TH and pS6 antibodies while the animals were solving different learning tasks. Specifically, we compared an intense avoidance learning situation, an instrumental learning task, and a non-learning isolated group and found strong activation of different dopaminergic cell populations. Preoptic-hypothalamic cell populations respond to the stress component in the avoidance task, and the forced movement/locomotion may be responsible for activation in the posterior tubercle. The instrumental learning task had little stress component, but the activation of the raphe superior in this group may be correlated with attention or arousal during the training sessions. At the same time, the weaker activation of the nucleus of the posterior commissure may be related to positive reward acting onto tectal circuits. Finally, we examined the co-activation patterns across all dopaminergic cell populations and recovered robust differences across experimental groups, largely driven by hypothalamic, posterior tubercle, and brain stem regions possibly encoding the valence and salience associated with stressful stimuli. Taken together, our results offer some insights into the different functions of the dopaminergic cell populations in the brain of a non-mammalian vertebrate in correlation with different behavioral conditions, extending our knowledge for a more comprehensive view of the mechanisms of dopaminergic modulation in vertebrates.

多巴胺存在于所有脊椎动物中,子系统的功能作用被认为是相似的。尽管多巴胺能调节的作用在不同的靶系统中得到了很好的研究,但对导致多巴胺能细胞调节的因素知之甚少。使用斑马mbuna,Pseudotropheus zebra,一种来自马拉维湖的慈鲷鱼作为模型系统,我们研究了在动物解决不同的学习任务时,通过TH和pS6抗体双重标记检测到的特定多巴胺能细胞群的激活。具体而言,我们比较了强烈的回避学习情况、工具性学习任务和非学习孤立组,发现不同多巴胺能细胞群的强烈激活。视前下丘脑细胞群对回避任务中的应激成分作出反应,强迫运动/运动可能是后结节激活的原因。工具学习任务几乎没有压力成分,但该组中缝优势的激活可能与训练期间的注意力或唤醒有关。同时,后连合核的较弱激活可能与作用于顶盖回路的正奖赏有关。最后,我们检查了所有多巴胺能细胞群的共激活模式,并在实验组之间恢复了显著的差异,这主要是由下丘脑、后结节和脑干区域驱动的,这些区域可能编码与压力刺激相关的效价和显著性。总之,我们的研究结果为非哺乳动物脊椎动物大脑中多巴胺能细胞群的不同功能与不同行为条件的相关性提供了一些见解,扩展了我们对脊椎动物多巴胺能调节机制的更全面了解。
{"title":"Activation patterns of dopaminergic cell populations reflect different learning scenarios in a cichlid fish, Pseudotropheus zebra","authors":"Calvo Roberta ,&nbsp;Schluessel Vera ,&nbsp;Hofmann Hans A ,&nbsp;Hofmann Michael H","doi":"10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Dopamine is present in all vertebrates and the functional roles of the subsystems are assumed to be similar. Whereas the effect of dopaminergic modulation is well investigated in different target systems, less is known about the factors that are causing the modulation of dopaminergic cells. Using the zebra mbuna, </span><em>Pseudotropheus zebra</em><span>, a cichlid fish<span><span><span> from Lake Malawi as a model system, we investigated the activation of specific dopaminergic cell populations detected by double-labeling with TH and pS6 antibodies while the animals were solving different learning tasks. Specifically, we compared an intense </span>avoidance learning situation, an instrumental learning task, and a non-learning isolated group and found strong activation of different dopaminergic cell populations. Preoptic-hypothalamic cell populations respond to the stress component in the avoidance task, and the forced movement/locomotion may be responsible for activation in the posterior tubercle. The instrumental learning task had little stress component, but the activation of the raphe superior in this group may be correlated with attention or arousal during the training sessions. At the same time, the weaker activation of the nucleus of the </span>posterior commissure may be related to positive reward acting onto tectal circuits. Finally, we examined the co-activation patterns across all dopaminergic cell populations and recovered robust differences across experimental groups, largely driven by hypothalamic, posterior tubercle, and brain stem regions possibly encoding the valence and salience associated with stressful stimuli. Taken together, our results offer some insights into the different functions of the dopaminergic cell populations in the brain of a non-mammalian vertebrate in correlation with different behavioral conditions, extending our knowledge for a more comprehensive view of the mechanisms of dopaminergic modulation in vertebrates.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":15324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical neuroanatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10300995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Journal of chemical neuroanatomy
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