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Risk factors and management strategies of liver cancer 肝癌的危险因素及治疗策略
X. Lan
Liver cancer is one of the most common causes of global death, with a higher incidence in men than women. The morbidity of liver cancer is highest in East Asia and the Asia-Pacific region, and it is increasing gradually in other regions. The risk factors for liver cancer mainly include chronic HBV and HCV infection, alcoholism, obesity, aflatoxin exposure, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. In addition, there is evidence that diet plays an important role in the development of liver cancer. Most of the primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while the rest is intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Imaging and laboratory tests are effective diagnostic methods for HCC. Hepatectomy is the most preferred treatment for liver cancer, followed by liver transplantation, local ablation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and natural compound therapy. Monitoring high-risk individuals with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis could facilitate better long-term outcomes for HCC patients. This paper analyzes the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of liver cancer to provide the research perspective for future studies.
肝癌是全球最常见的死亡原因之一,男性的发病率高于女性。肝癌发病率以东亚和亚太地区最高,其他地区呈逐渐上升趋势。肝癌的危险因素主要有慢性HBV和HCV感染、酗酒、肥胖、黄曲霉毒素暴露、糖尿病等代谢性疾病。此外,有证据表明,饮食在肝癌的发展中起着重要作用。原发性肝癌以肝细胞癌(HCC)居多,其余为肝内胆管癌(ICC)。影像学和实验室检查是HCC的有效诊断方法。肝切除术是肝癌的首选治疗方法,其次是肝移植、局部消融、化疗、靶向治疗、放疗、免疫治疗和自然复合治疗。监测慢性丙型肝炎和肝硬化的高危人群可以促进HCC患者更好的长期预后。本文对肝癌的病因、诊断和治疗进行分析,为今后的研究提供研究视角。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Field of Traditional Chinese Medicine 人工智能技术在中医领域的应用
Zhen-He Chen, Qi Li
Artificial Intelligence (AI), as a broad cross and frontier science, has been integrated into many fields of human society. It has also been innovatively developed in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and the achievements of artificial intelligence in traditional Chinese medicine have become more and more abundant. This article mainly introduces the main achievements and applications of Artificial Intelligence in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine in recent years, with the aim of providing some reference for the development of artificial intelligence in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the future.
人工智能作为一门广泛的交叉和前沿科学,已经融入人类社会的许多领域。在中医领域也得到了创新发展,人工智能在中医领域的成果越来越丰富。本文主要介绍了近年来人工智能在中医领域的主要成就和应用,旨在为未来人工智能在中医领域的发展提供一些参考。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Regional Informatization on the Trade of Traditional Chinese Medicine Services 区域信息化对中药服务贸易的影响
Gao-qin Wang, Limin Sun
With the continuous improvement of China's urban construction level, the service trade method of TRADITIONAL Chinese medicine is gradually popularized. Therefore, targeted quantitative design should be carried out in combination with the actual requirements of production to ensure that the designed TRADE in TCM services can meet the actual production requirements. In this paper, the characteristics of ontology design of regional informatization are described in depth. On this basis, the overall design of traditional Chinese medicine service trade system of regional informatization and the optimization design of regional informatization have certain reference significance for technical personnel engaged in related work.
随着中国城市建设水平的不断提高,中医药服务贸易方式逐渐普及。因此,应结合生产的实际需求,进行有针对性的定量设计,确保设计的中医药服务TRADE能够满足实际生产的需求。本文深入阐述了区域信息化本体设计的特点。在此基础上,中医药服务贸易区域信息化体系的总体设计和区域信息化的优化设计,对从事相关工作的技术人员具有一定的参考意义。
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引用次数: 0
Breast Density Segmentation in Mammograms Based on Dual Attention Mechanism 基于双注意机制的乳腺密度分割
Jingyu Hu, Zhiqin Liu, Qingfeng Wang
In response to the problem that poor segmentation accuracy results from artifacts in the mammogram, this paper proposes combining the U-Net with Coordinated Attention and Attention Gates to enhance target feature information and suppress irrelevant regions. First of all, the INbreast dataset is preprocessed to remove external artifacts. Second, in the contracting path, enhance features of the Region of Interest(ROI) of the mammogram through the Coordinate Attention Module. Finally, in the expansive path, the local feature enhancement can be achieved by Attention Gates is used instead to combine the shallow layer and upsampling feature maps directly. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a good segmentation effect for the mammogram, and its the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and the Intersection of Union(IoU) are 91.8% and 85.8%, respectively. Furthermore, we obtained DSC and IoU of 98.4%, 96.8%, respectively, for women with high breast density. Compared with the conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN) algorithm, the DSC increased by 3.36%, IoU increased by 5.91%. The better segmentation achieved can help doctors accurately judge breast density categories.
针对乳房x光图像中存在伪影导致分割精度不高的问题,本文提出将U-Net与协调注意和注意门相结合,增强目标特征信息,抑制不相关区域。首先,对INbreast数据集进行预处理以去除外部工件。第二,在收缩路径中,通过协调注意模块增强乳房x光片感兴趣区域(ROI)的特征。最后,在扩展路径中,直接将浅层特征映射与上采样特征映射结合,采用注意门来实现局部特征增强。实验结果表明,该算法对乳房x线图像具有良好的分割效果,其Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC)和Intersection of Union(IoU)分别为91.8%和85.8%。此外,我们获得的DSC和IoU分别为98.4%和96.8%的乳腺密度高的妇女。与条件生成对抗网络(cGAN)算法相比,DSC提高了3.36%,IoU提高了5.91%。更好的分割可以帮助医生准确判断乳腺密度类别。
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引用次数: 1
Clostridium Perfringens Alpha Toxin Inhibits Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor 产气荚膜梭菌α毒素抑制粒细胞集落刺激因子
Juezhou Shen
Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive spore-forming anaerobic bacteria. C. perfringens is one of the most common causes of food poisoning illness and has a high mortality rate. As a growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor helps immune system maintain the balanced numbers of neutrophils when we are infected by pathogens. Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin promotes the formation of G-CSF. During the bacterial infection, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is sensed through a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent pathway. This leads to the increased secretion of G-CSF into the systemic circulation which accelerated the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils. However, Clostridium perfringens impairs the granulopoiesis by decreasing the surface expression of neutrophil Ly6G+. The study will use mice, which were separate into positive control groups with C. perfringens injection and negative control group with phosphate-buffered saline. Employing a variety of procedures and methods, in vivo, such as FACS and ELISA, the paper investigates whether C. perfringens alpha toxin would inhibit granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, impairing granulopoiesis and inhibiting G-CSF-mediated cell proliferation of Ly6G+ neutrophils in a productive and effective way.
产气荚膜梭菌是革兰氏阳性芽孢形成厌氧菌。产气荚膜梭菌是引起食物中毒的最常见原因之一,死亡率很高。粒细胞集落刺激因子作为一种生长因子,在人体受到病原体感染时,帮助免疫系统维持中性粒细胞数量的平衡。产气荚膜梭菌α毒素促进G-CSF的形成。在细菌感染过程中,脂多糖(LPS)通过toll样受体4 (TLR4)和髓样分化因子88 (MyD88)依赖途径被感知。这导致G-CSF分泌增加进入体循环,加速了中性粒细胞的增殖和分化。然而,产气荚膜梭菌通过降低中性粒细胞Ly6G+的表面表达而损害颗粒生成。该研究将使用小鼠,将其分为注射产气荚膜原梭菌的阳性对照组和注射磷酸盐缓冲盐水的阴性对照组。采用多种程序和方法,在体内,如FACS和ELISA,研究产气荚膜荚膜球菌α毒素是否能有效抑制粒细胞集落刺激因子,损害粒细胞生成,抑制g - csf介导的Ly6G+中性粒细胞的细胞增殖。
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引用次数: 0
An efficient deep model for children sleep apnea detection using snoring signals 一种利用打鼾信号检测儿童睡眠呼吸暂停的高效深度模型
Zirui Liang, Yue Zhou, Lifeng Ding, Xiaying Chen
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) is a risky disorder that has negative effects on individuals’ sleep or health. Snoring signals are widely accepted as a reliable and practical alternative in detecting sleep apnea to diagnose OSAHS. Most of previous works paid attention to detecting snoring signals or classifying the places of obstruction. In this paper, diagnosis of OSAHS in children via snoring signals classification is taken into consideration. We build our dataset via gathering and labeling patients and normal children's nocturnal sound recordings. A convolutional neural network (CNN) in parallel with a Transformer encoder network is applied in our method to extract the temporal and frequency information from the acoustic feature sequences. In the experiment our method achieves an accuracy of 95.96% in classifying patients’ abnormal snoring events and the snoring from normal children and an accuracy of 84.78% in identifying normal snoring, patients’ normal snoring and patients’ abnormal snoring. This is acceptable for clinical purposes and indicates that it is competent to serve as a practical tool for diagnosis of OSAHS in children.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)是一种对个人睡眠或健康有负面影响的高风险疾病。打鼾信号被广泛认为是检测睡眠呼吸暂停诊断OSAHS的可靠和实用的替代方法。以往的研究大多侧重于检测打鼾信号或对阻塞部位进行分类。本文考虑通过打鼾信号分类诊断儿童OSAHS。我们通过收集和标记病人和正常儿童的夜间录音来建立我们的数据集。该方法将卷积神经网络(CNN)与变压器编码器网络并行,从声学特征序列中提取时间和频率信息。在实验中,我们的方法对患者异常打鼾事件和正常儿童打鼾的分类准确率为95.96%,对正常打鼾、患者正常打鼾和患者异常打鼾的识别准确率为84.78%。这对于临床目的是可以接受的,并且表明它可以作为诊断儿童OSAHS的实用工具。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Different Control Measures on the Spread of COVID-19 不同防控措施对新冠肺炎传播的效果分析
Qizhen Zhou
The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced most of the population worldwide. It is essential to assess the effectiveness of different control measures on the spread of the virus. In this paper, the author uses an SEIR agent-based model on the NetLogo platform to establish a simulation model and define seven types of agents: susceptible, infectious, mask-wearing, quarantined, exposed, and vaccinated. We performed an analysis of four possible scenarios: (1) doing nothing, (2) quarantine, (3) using face masks, and (4) vaccination. It is concluded that the adoption of different control measures could quickly control the epidemic situation. The use of vaccination also has a huge impact on the pressure of epidemic control. Nevertheless, If control measures are not put in place, the duration of the epidemic will be significantly prolonged.
2019冠状病毒病大流行影响了全球大多数人口。评估不同控制措施对病毒传播的有效性至关重要。本文在NetLogo平台上采用基于SEIR agent的模型建立仿真模型,定义易感、传染、戴口罩、隔离、暴露、接种七种agent。我们对四种可能的情况进行了分析:(1)什么都不做,(2)隔离,(3)戴口罩,(4)接种疫苗。结果表明,采取不同的控制措施可以快速控制疫情。疫苗接种的使用也对控制疫情的压力产生巨大影响。然而,如果不采取控制措施,这一流行病的持续时间将大大延长。
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引用次数: 0
Research Progress of Crispr / Cas9 System in Hematological Diseases and Cancer Crispr / Cas9系统在血液病和肿瘤中的研究进展
Jingxuan Wu
In recent years, gene editing technology has made great breakthroughs in the treatment of various genetic diseases by knockout, mutation, replacement or addition of DNA. Based on this system, scientists developed a new genome editing technology—CRISPR / Cas9 technology. CRISPR / Cas9 technology has shown great potential in the treatment of many diseases, bringing new possibilities for the treatment of many diseases. Compared with many traditional therapies, the CRISPR / Cas9 system has higher precision, simpler and more convenient operation, and less chance of off-target effects. This paper mainly introduces the basic principle of the CRISPR / Cas9 system and its application in hematological diseases and cancer, aiming to further promote the application of the CRISPR / Cas9 system in clinical diseases.
近年来,基因编辑技术在通过敲除、突变、替换或添加DNA治疗各种遗传疾病方面取得了重大突破。基于这一系统,科学家开发了一种新的基因组编辑技术——crispr / Cas9技术。CRISPR / Cas9技术在许多疾病的治疗中显示出了巨大的潜力,为许多疾病的治疗带来了新的可能。与许多传统疗法相比,CRISPR / Cas9系统精度更高,操作更简单方便,脱靶几率更小。本文主要介绍CRISPR / Cas9系统的基本原理及其在血液病和癌症中的应用,旨在进一步促进CRISPR / Cas9系统在临床疾病中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
A Special Multivariate Polynomial Model for Diabetes Prediction and Analysis 糖尿病预测与分析的特殊多元多项式模型
Fumin Wang, Jianzhuo Yan, Hongxia Xu
Diabetes is one of the most common diseases worldwide. High level of blood sugar in diabetes patients can harm a large number of the body's system. Early prediction of diabetes can prevent or delay the disease. Various machine learning methods are used to predict diabetes in the past. Researchers usually aim for higher accuracy, the models used become more and more complex and their decision-making process is extremely difficult understood by users. However, explainability of a model is also critical to prediction task in medicine. A model which can enable users to easily understand its decision-making logic while maintaining good accuracy is more likely to be trusted by users. Therefore, we propose a special multivariate polynomial model to predict diabetes. This model has ability to show the relationship between each medical factor and diabetes with some polynomial curves, and the product of these curves and a specific constant is the decision-making process of the model. The experiment results show that our model also has a good accuracy compare with some other methods.
糖尿病是世界上最常见的疾病之一。糖尿病患者的高血糖会对身体的许多系统造成伤害。糖尿病的早期预测可以预防或延缓这种疾病。过去,各种机器学习方法被用于预测糖尿病。研究人员通常以更高的精度为目标,使用的模型变得越来越复杂,其决策过程极其难以被用户理解。然而,模型的可解释性对于医学预测任务也是至关重要的。一个既能让用户容易理解其决策逻辑,又能保持良好准确性的模型更容易被用户信任。因此,我们提出了一个特殊的多元多项式模型来预测糖尿病。该模型能够用一些多项式曲线来表示各个医疗因素与糖尿病之间的关系,这些曲线与特定常数的乘积就是模型的决策过程。实验结果表明,与其他方法相比,我们的模型也具有良好的精度。
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引用次数: 0
Intelligent Dental Triage System oriented on Dental Symptom Knowledge Base 基于口腔症状知识库的智能分诊系统
Muyao Tang, Luwang Zhou, Yongheng Zhao, Yuntian Liu
Dentistry, as a medical specialty, has many sub-departments and it's challenging for patient to correctly choose the specialties for their own oral diseases for treatment. The intelligent dental clinic triage system is designed to triage dental patients. The implementation of the intelligent dental clinic triage system will triage patients with different symptoms to the corresponding demtal sub-departments. Through accurate triage, the system utilization rate and the patient triage rate is increasing, the patient cancellation rate is reduced, and the patient time cost is saved. The triage system is constructed by modules including the self-developed symptom knowledge base, image library of symptom and Recommendation sub-department for patient registration. In order to make better use of the triage system, we optimized the process and set the entrance of the system to the dental registration of the WeChat public account. By optimizing the triage process, it finally got more than 101,000 clicks and over 17,000 users. As the data shows, we believe that the cancellation rate tends to decrease with the month, and the triage rate tends to increase with the month.
牙科作为一门医学专业,分科众多,患者对自身口腔疾病的正确选择专科进行治疗具有一定的挑战性。智能牙科诊所分诊系统是为牙科病人分诊而设计的。智能牙科门诊分诊系统的实施,将不同症状的患者分诊到相应的牙科室。通过准确的分诊,提高了系统利用率和患者分诊率,降低了患者取消率,节省了患者时间成本。分诊系统由自主开发的症状知识库、症状图片库和挂号推荐分科等模块构成。为了更好地利用分诊系统,我们对流程进行了优化,将系统入口设置为微信公众号的牙科注册。通过优化分类过程,它最终获得了超过101,000次点击和超过17,000名用户。根据数据显示,我们认为取消率随月呈下降趋势,分诊率随月呈上升趋势。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence for Medicine Sciences
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