Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1971131
B. Jatana, H. Ram, N. Gupta, H. Kaur
ABSTRACT Temperature rise in March induces forced maturity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which generally reduces the grain-filling period under North Indian conditions. A field experiment was conducted at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, during 2015–16 and 2016–17 to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on plant growth, physiological parameters, and grain yield of two wheat cultivars sown at different dates. A split-split-plot design was used, with sowing dates (November 5, November 20, and December 5) as main plots, wheat cultivars (WH1105, PBW677) as sub-plots, and salicylic acid foliar treatments (control, water spray, salicylic acid 75 and 100 mg l−1) as sub-sub plots. The highest tiller count, atLEAF-chlorophyll index, pollen viability, number of grains ear−1, 1000-grain weight, biological and grain yield were recorded for the November 5 sowing date. Salicylic acid foliar application at 75 and 100 mg l−1 increased the grain-filling period, improved the normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), pollen viability, number of grains ear−1, proline content, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield. We concluded that wheat cultivars WH1105 and PBW677 can be grown successfully by sowing early (November 5) and that foliar application of salicylic acid at 75 mg l−1 can improve the wheat grain yield under north Indian conditions.
{"title":"Wheat response to foliar application of salicylic acid at different sowing dates","authors":"B. Jatana, H. Ram, N. Gupta, H. Kaur","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1971131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1971131","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Temperature rise in March induces forced maturity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which generally reduces the grain-filling period under North Indian conditions. A field experiment was conducted at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, during 2015–16 and 2016–17 to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on plant growth, physiological parameters, and grain yield of two wheat cultivars sown at different dates. A split-split-plot design was used, with sowing dates (November 5, November 20, and December 5) as main plots, wheat cultivars (WH1105, PBW677) as sub-plots, and salicylic acid foliar treatments (control, water spray, salicylic acid 75 and 100 mg l−1) as sub-sub plots. The highest tiller count, atLEAF-chlorophyll index, pollen viability, number of grains ear−1, 1000-grain weight, biological and grain yield were recorded for the November 5 sowing date. Salicylic acid foliar application at 75 and 100 mg l−1 increased the grain-filling period, improved the normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), pollen viability, number of grains ear−1, proline content, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield. We concluded that wheat cultivars WH1105 and PBW677 can be grown successfully by sowing early (November 5) and that foliar application of salicylic acid at 75 mg l−1 can improve the wheat grain yield under north Indian conditions.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"369 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41342901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1974635
A. Magaisa, Pepukai Manjeru, C. Kamutando, Martin Philani Moyo
ABSTRACT Traditional variety selection practices rarely involve end-users of breeding products, which is regarded as a major factor for the continued reliance by farmers on unproductive landraces and old varieties. Here, we report on a participatory variety selection (PVS) approach involving on-farm trials established across five drought-prone districts of Zimbabwe during the 2018–19 summer season. The objective of this study was to evaluate nine prereleased sorghum lines developed by ICRISAT against three commercial check varieties to identify the high-yielding, stable sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) improved breeding lines, with desirable agronomic attributes as per farmers’ perceptions. Results demonstrated that although there was a positive and significant relationship between the across-location grain yield (GY) and the overall genotype performance score (OGPS, ranking by farmers), farmers’ choices were related to locality (i.e., resident districts) and grain color. Arid locations were the most ideal for sorghum evaluation. Advanced lines IESV91070DL (1.41 t ha−1) and ASARECA 12-3-1 (1.9 t ha−1), as well as a commercial variety (Macia, 1.73 t ha−1) were high-yielding, stable and most preferred by farmers. Although the selection criteria of both the farmers and researchers pointed to selection for high yield performance, red sorghum genotypes (e.g., IESV99061DL and SDS3472), which showed high GY performance and stability were not among the most preferred by farmers. Overall, results demonstrated that PVS approaches should be combined with traditional varietal selection tools as this may increase adoption of new varieties.
摘要传统的品种选择实践很少涉及育种产品的最终用户，这被认为是农民继续依赖非生产性地方品种和老品种的一个主要因素。在这里，我们报道了一种参与式品种选择（PVS）方法，该方法涉及2018-19年夏季在津巴布韦五个易干旱地区建立的农场试验。本研究的目的是对ICRISAT开发的9个预再生高粱品系与3个商业对照品种进行评估，以确定高产、稳定的高粱改良品系（高粱双色（L.）Moench），并根据农民的看法，具有理想的农艺性状。结果表明，尽管跨地区粮食产量（GY）与总体基因型表现得分（OGPS，按农民排序）之间存在正相关，但农民的选择与地区（即居民区）和粮食颜色有关。干旱地区是高粱评价的最理想地区。先进品系IESV91070DL（1.41 t ha−1）和ASARECA 12-3-1（1.9 t ha−2）以及一个商业品种（Macia，1.73 t ha−3）是高产、稳定的，最受农民青睐。尽管农民和研究人员的选择标准都指向高产性能的选择，但表现出高GY性能和稳定性的红高粱基因型（如IESV99061DL和SDS3472）并不是农民最喜欢的。总的来说，研究结果表明，PVS方法应该与传统的品种选择工具相结合，因为这可能会增加新品种的采用。
{"title":"Participatory variety selection and stability of agronomic performance of advanced sorghum lines in Zimbabwe","authors":"A. Magaisa, Pepukai Manjeru, C. Kamutando, Martin Philani Moyo","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1974635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1974635","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Traditional variety selection practices rarely involve end-users of breeding products, which is regarded as a major factor for the continued reliance by farmers on unproductive landraces and old varieties. Here, we report on a participatory variety selection (PVS) approach involving on-farm trials established across five drought-prone districts of Zimbabwe during the 2018–19 summer season. The objective of this study was to evaluate nine prereleased sorghum lines developed by ICRISAT against three commercial check varieties to identify the high-yielding, stable sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) improved breeding lines, with desirable agronomic attributes as per farmers’ perceptions. Results demonstrated that although there was a positive and significant relationship between the across-location grain yield (GY) and the overall genotype performance score (OGPS, ranking by farmers), farmers’ choices were related to locality (i.e., resident districts) and grain color. Arid locations were the most ideal for sorghum evaluation. Advanced lines IESV91070DL (1.41 t ha−1) and ASARECA 12-3-1 (1.9 t ha−1), as well as a commercial variety (Macia, 1.73 t ha−1) were high-yielding, stable and most preferred by farmers. Although the selection criteria of both the farmers and researchers pointed to selection for high yield performance, red sorghum genotypes (e.g., IESV99061DL and SDS3472), which showed high GY performance and stability were not among the most preferred by farmers. Overall, results demonstrated that PVS approaches should be combined with traditional varietal selection tools as this may increase adoption of new varieties.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"440 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46548620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1973171
E. Smirnova, D. Savenkova, A. Milovanov, A. Zvyagin, Evgeniya Smirnova, N. Repko, L. Troshin
ABSTRACT Winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important crop with great impact on the nutrition of the world population. Many of the barley varieties used in industry are obtained from private and public seed collection organizations. Understanding the relationships among barley genotypes within these collections is crucial for breeding and maintenance. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity in winter barley from the Kuban State Agrarian University collection by using DNA-profiling polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods based on a single primer complementary to the primer binding site (PBS) region downstream of the long terminal repeat (LTR) for retrotransposons. In total, 1293 PCR amplicons were identified, of which 646 were polymorphic. Barley genotypes from this collection were mainly divided into two populations based on their geographical origin. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) results indicated a high level of genetic diversity among the barley genotypes (83%). Relationships of the studied barley genotypes and their ancestry were established using clustering and Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) analysis. The results of PCoA and clustering were similar and close genetic relationships of selected accessions were confirmed. Surprising results were obtained for Timofei and Vasya genotypes that are not supposed to be closely related, but were positioned together. Similar unexpected results were shown for Samson and Iosif varieties. Nevertheless, obtained data can be useful for planning of future crossing by breeders using distantly related crossing pairs.
{"title":"Genetic relationship of the winter barley varieties assessed by the inter-Primer Binding Site (iPBS) DNA profiling method","authors":"E. Smirnova, D. Savenkova, A. Milovanov, A. Zvyagin, Evgeniya Smirnova, N. Repko, L. Troshin","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1973171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1973171","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important crop with great impact on the nutrition of the world population. Many of the barley varieties used in industry are obtained from private and public seed collection organizations. Understanding the relationships among barley genotypes within these collections is crucial for breeding and maintenance. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity in winter barley from the Kuban State Agrarian University collection by using DNA-profiling polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods based on a single primer complementary to the primer binding site (PBS) region downstream of the long terminal repeat (LTR) for retrotransposons. In total, 1293 PCR amplicons were identified, of which 646 were polymorphic. Barley genotypes from this collection were mainly divided into two populations based on their geographical origin. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) results indicated a high level of genetic diversity among the barley genotypes (83%). Relationships of the studied barley genotypes and their ancestry were established using clustering and Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) analysis. The results of PCoA and clustering were similar and close genetic relationships of selected accessions were confirmed. Surprising results were obtained for Timofei and Vasya genotypes that are not supposed to be closely related, but were positioned together. Similar unexpected results were shown for Samson and Iosif varieties. Nevertheless, obtained data can be useful for planning of future crossing by breeders using distantly related crossing pairs.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"400 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45234777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1970675
T. P. Khumalo, A. Barnard, E. Dube, T. Tsilo
ABSTRACT Major and urgent interventions are needed in improving wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield to avert the predicted global crisis of food insecurity. Two doubled-haploid (DH) wheat populations were evaluated for normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), vegetative index ratio (VI RATIO), plant height (PH) and ear length (EL) in four environments with an aim to select DH lines with strong vegetative vigor. Genotypes and environments showed significant (p < 0.001) effects and only PH showed a significant (p < 0.018) genotype-by-environment interaction. The NDVI vs. VI RATIO showed a negative correlation (r2 = −1 – −0.99) in all environments. Positive correlations existed for NDVI vs. PH (r2 = 0.31– 0.40) and PH vs. EL (r2 =0.41– 0.54), suggesting a possible simultaneous improvement. Almost 23% of DH lines with precise, fixed, maximum variation, and strong vegetative vigor formed potential material for efficiently enhancing yield potential of wheat, which in turn could improve yield.
{"title":"Characterization of vegetative vigor of two doubled-haploid wheat populations","authors":"T. P. Khumalo, A. Barnard, E. Dube, T. Tsilo","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1970675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1970675","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Major and urgent interventions are needed in improving wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield to avert the predicted global crisis of food insecurity. Two doubled-haploid (DH) wheat populations were evaluated for normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), vegetative index ratio (VI RATIO), plant height (PH) and ear length (EL) in four environments with an aim to select DH lines with strong vegetative vigor. Genotypes and environments showed significant (p < 0.001) effects and only PH showed a significant (p < 0.018) genotype-by-environment interaction. The NDVI vs. VI RATIO showed a negative correlation (r2 = −1 – −0.99) in all environments. Positive correlations existed for NDVI vs. PH (r2 = 0.31– 0.40) and PH vs. EL (r2 =0.41– 0.54), suggesting a possible simultaneous improvement. Almost 23% of DH lines with precise, fixed, maximum variation, and strong vegetative vigor formed potential material for efficiently enhancing yield potential of wheat, which in turn could improve yield.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"350 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43515970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1968553
Somayeh Rohani Nejad, Z. E. Bistgani, A. Barker
ABSTRACT Poor germination and the length of time required for the growth of seedlings appropriate for planting in the farm affect the cultivation of medicinal plants such as yarrow (Achillea millefolium L). This study investigated the abilities of different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3), mechanical scarification, and hydropriming to improve seed germination and dormancy release in yarrow. Seeds were germinated on filter paper in Petri dishes and supplemented with 0, 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg L−1 GA3; 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% w/v KNO3; 0, 24, or 48 h of hydropriming; and mechanical scarification. Seed priming with GA3 (800 mg L−1) or 1% KNO3 at 48 h priming time improved the mean daily germination. Application of 1% KNO3 had the highest seed germination around 91%. Use of 0.5% KNO3 in 48 h priming time increased seedling length approximately 52% compared with unprimed seeds. Combinations of scarification and hydropriming increased germination. The use of priming with KNO3 at 48 h priming time was effective in improving seed germination.
{"title":"Enhancement of seed germination of yarrow with gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate, scarification, or hydropriming","authors":"Somayeh Rohani Nejad, Z. E. Bistgani, A. Barker","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1968553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1968553","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Poor germination and the length of time required for the growth of seedlings appropriate for planting in the farm affect the cultivation of medicinal plants such as yarrow (Achillea millefolium L). This study investigated the abilities of different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3), mechanical scarification, and hydropriming to improve seed germination and dormancy release in yarrow. Seeds were germinated on filter paper in Petri dishes and supplemented with 0, 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg L−1 GA3; 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% w/v KNO3; 0, 24, or 48 h of hydropriming; and mechanical scarification. Seed priming with GA3 (800 mg L−1) or 1% KNO3 at 48 h priming time improved the mean daily germination. Application of 1% KNO3 had the highest seed germination around 91%. Use of 0.5% KNO3 in 48 h priming time increased seedling length approximately 52% compared with unprimed seeds. Combinations of scarification and hydropriming increased germination. The use of priming with KNO3 at 48 h priming time was effective in improving seed germination.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"335 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44051887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1964667
E. Soltani, Zahra Sadat Taheripourfard, H. Ghazvini, A. Darbandi
ABSTRACT Pre-harvest sprouting is a concern in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in areas with a high amount of rainfall, as it decreases grain yield and malt quality. Thus, we investigated the changes in initial germination and the rate of dormancy loss in seeds of 20 promising barley genotypes at seven locations for two years (2013–2015) in Iran. Initial germination ranged between 5.23% (genotype “Teran 78/1-BC-80,411”) and 38.45% (genotype “CIRU/M111”) at the maturity. In several genotypes, there were negative associations between initial germination and the average temperature in March, April and May. The rate of dormancy loss and precipitation were negatively correlated in 14 genotypes in March. Thus, a hot and dry condition during seed development can decrease initial germination but can increase the rate of dormancy loss in barley. A genotype with high initial germination is suitable for cultivation in regions with a dry climate during grain development, and a genotype with a high rate of dormancy loss is appropriate in a climate with high rainfall and relative humidity. In conclusion, breeding programs must link dormancy intensity of target barley and environmental conditions (air temperature and humidity) that the crop will experience.
{"title":"Maternal environment and genetic mechanisms that regulate primary dormancy and the rate of dormancy loss in barley seeds","authors":"E. Soltani, Zahra Sadat Taheripourfard, H. Ghazvini, A. Darbandi","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1964667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1964667","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pre-harvest sprouting is a concern in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in areas with a high amount of rainfall, as it decreases grain yield and malt quality. Thus, we investigated the changes in initial germination and the rate of dormancy loss in seeds of 20 promising barley genotypes at seven locations for two years (2013–2015) in Iran. Initial germination ranged between 5.23% (genotype “Teran 78/1-BC-80,411”) and 38.45% (genotype “CIRU/M111”) at the maturity. In several genotypes, there were negative associations between initial germination and the average temperature in March, April and May. The rate of dormancy loss and precipitation were negatively correlated in 14 genotypes in March. Thus, a hot and dry condition during seed development can decrease initial germination but can increase the rate of dormancy loss in barley. A genotype with high initial germination is suitable for cultivation in regions with a dry climate during grain development, and a genotype with a high rate of dormancy loss is appropriate in a climate with high rainfall and relative humidity. In conclusion, breeding programs must link dormancy intensity of target barley and environmental conditions (air temperature and humidity) that the crop will experience.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"317 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48702341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1960942
F. Yaman, F. Kahrıman
ABSTRACT Seed viability is an important consideration for agricultural production. The number of studies on the measurement of seed viability in specialty maize genotypes via new approaches is limited. This study was carried out to determine the viability of the seeds (n = 950) of two specialty maize (high oil and high protein) populations using spectral measurements and imaging techniques. Spectral data from the seed embryos were collected between 1200 and 2400 nm. Image data were taken with 300 dpi resolution. From the collected images, red (R), green (G) and blue (B) [RGB] data were extracted, and morphological features (M) were also determined. Then, the seed samples were separated into two sets and the viability of the samples was determined using two different methods [standard germination (SG) test and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test]. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) methods were used to develop the classification models (n = 36). Classification accuracy of the models was comparable for the SG test (0.56–0.91) and TTC test (0.53–0.85). However, the classification models based on TTC test results had higher sensitivity (0.86–0.99) than specificity values (0.07–0.74), which indicated that the viable seeds were more accurately identified than the non-viable seeds. The RF model, created using the NIR+M dataset, based on the SG test (sensitivity = 0.89, specificity = 0.94, accuracy = 0.91), was most effective for determination of the seed viability of specialty maize genotypes used in this study.
{"title":"Classification of viable/non-viable seeds of specialty maize genotypes using spectral and image data plus morphological features","authors":"F. Yaman, F. Kahrıman","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1960942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1960942","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Seed viability is an important consideration for agricultural production. The number of studies on the measurement of seed viability in specialty maize genotypes via new approaches is limited. This study was carried out to determine the viability of the seeds (n = 950) of two specialty maize (high oil and high protein) populations using spectral measurements and imaging techniques. Spectral data from the seed embryos were collected between 1200 and 2400 nm. Image data were taken with 300 dpi resolution. From the collected images, red (R), green (G) and blue (B) [RGB] data were extracted, and morphological features (M) were also determined. Then, the seed samples were separated into two sets and the viability of the samples was determined using two different methods [standard germination (SG) test and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test]. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) methods were used to develop the classification models (n = 36). Classification accuracy of the models was comparable for the SG test (0.56–0.91) and TTC test (0.53–0.85). However, the classification models based on TTC test results had higher sensitivity (0.86–0.99) than specificity values (0.07–0.74), which indicated that the viable seeds were more accurately identified than the non-viable seeds. The RF model, created using the NIR+M dataset, based on the SG test (sensitivity = 0.89, specificity = 0.94, accuracy = 0.91), was most effective for determination of the seed viability of specialty maize genotypes used in this study.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"285 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43803818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1960456
K. Hainzer, Catherine O’Mullan, C. Bugajim, P. Brown
ABSTRACT Clean seed systems for vegetatively propagated crops can play an important part in improving rural livelihoods but continue to face adoption challenges. Using exploratory case-based methodology, this research explored the adoption of a clean seed system for sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) among farmers in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. The research further explored the outcomes driven by adoption and how system design influences adoption and outcomes. Data were collected through a baseline survey (n = 73) in 2017, and an end-line survey (n = 94) in 2020, with observation and field notes used to validate and verify survey results. Results provide insight into how a pragmatic approach to design, led by local extension staff, can provide a contextually relevant system that inspired widespread adoption. Adoption of clean seed has created a new market for vines, connected commercial farmers and commercial feedlots to improved agricultural inputs while increasing the interest of farmers in investing in complementary technologies to get the most from clean seed.
{"title":"Exploring the design and adoption of a clean seed system for sweet potato in Papua New Guinea","authors":"K. Hainzer, Catherine O’Mullan, C. Bugajim, P. Brown","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1960456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1960456","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Clean seed systems for vegetatively propagated crops can play an important part in improving rural livelihoods but continue to face adoption challenges. Using exploratory case-based methodology, this research explored the adoption of a clean seed system for sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) among farmers in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. The research further explored the outcomes driven by adoption and how system design influences adoption and outcomes. Data were collected through a baseline survey (n = 73) in 2017, and an end-line survey (n = 94) in 2020, with observation and field notes used to validate and verify survey results. Results provide insight into how a pragmatic approach to design, led by local extension staff, can provide a contextually relevant system that inspired widespread adoption. Adoption of clean seed has created a new market for vines, connected commercial farmers and commercial feedlots to improved agricultural inputs while increasing the interest of farmers in investing in complementary technologies to get the most from clean seed.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"260 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49500449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1961334
H. Chiango, N. Jafarikouhini, D. Pradhan, A. Figueirêdo, J. Silva, T. Sinclair, J. Holland
ABSTRACT Low rainfall limits crop yield, particularly for maize (Zea mays L.) in southern Africa. Consequently, there is a need to identify genetic sources of specific drought-related traits that can contribute to soil water conservation and increased yields under water-limited conditions. In this study, maize genotypes released for production in southern Africa were tested for expression of two soil water-conservation traits: limited transpiration under elevated vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and decreased transpiration rate at high soil water contents earlier in the soil drying cycle. Two genotypes, CML 590 and CML 593, were identified and confirmed to initiate expression of limited-transpiration rate at VPD above about 1.9 kPa. In the soil-drying experiment, Umbelu 8923 and Umbelu 8930 closed their stomata earliest in the soil drying cycle as compared to other tested genotypes. These four genotypes with specific physiological traits for superior response to water deficit are genetic resources for further study to improve maize drought resilience.
{"title":"Drought resilience in CIMMYT maize lines adapted to Africa resulting from transpiration sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit and soil drying","authors":"H. Chiango, N. Jafarikouhini, D. Pradhan, A. Figueirêdo, J. Silva, T. Sinclair, J. Holland","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1961334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1961334","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Low rainfall limits crop yield, particularly for maize (Zea mays L.) in southern Africa. Consequently, there is a need to identify genetic sources of specific drought-related traits that can contribute to soil water conservation and increased yields under water-limited conditions. In this study, maize genotypes released for production in southern Africa were tested for expression of two soil water-conservation traits: limited transpiration under elevated vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and decreased transpiration rate at high soil water contents earlier in the soil drying cycle. Two genotypes, CML 590 and CML 593, were identified and confirmed to initiate expression of limited-transpiration rate at VPD above about 1.9 kPa. In the soil-drying experiment, Umbelu 8923 and Umbelu 8930 closed their stomata earliest in the soil drying cycle as compared to other tested genotypes. These four genotypes with specific physiological traits for superior response to water deficit are genetic resources for further study to improve maize drought resilience.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"301 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42066705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1949772
I. Iseghohi, A. Abe, S. Meseka, W. Mengesha, M. Gedil, A. Menkir
ABSTRACT Provitamin A-enriched maize (Zea mays L.) is an important complementary food staple for combating vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in high maize-producing and maize-consuming countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, frequent drought is a major abiotic factor that retards maize growth, resulting in yearly fluctuations in grain yield. Development of provitamin A-enriched maize varieties resilient to recurrent drought stress could enhance and stabilize maize grain yield. This study was conducted to assess the effects of managed drought stress (MDS) on the performance and heterosis of some marker-based improved provitamin A maize synthetics and their varietal-cross hybrids. The maize synthetics and their varietal-cross hybrids, along with a drought-tolerant check (PVASYN13), were evaluated under MDS and well-watered (WW) conditions at Ikenne, Nigeria, for two years. Genotype and year effects were significant for grain yield and some agronomic traits under MDS and WW conditions. Grain yield was reduced by 56% under MDS. Grain yield was significantly correlated with days to anthesis, days to silking and anthesis-silking-interval under MDS but not under WW condition. Under MDS, three varietal-cross hybrids (PVASYNHGBC0/PVASYNHGAC0, PVASYNHGBC2/PVASYNHGAC0, PVASYNHGBC0/ PVASYNHGAC1) had similar grain yields and tolerance indices as the drought-tolerant check, whereas PVASYNHGBC1/PVASYNHGAC2 produced 12.5% more grain yield than the check. Three of the varietal-cross hybrids (PVASYNHGBC0/PVASYNHGAC0, PVASYNHGBC0/PVASYNHGAC1 and PVASYNHGBC1/PVASYNHGAC2) had significant mid-parent heterosis for grain yield under the two test conditions, and were recommended for developing drought-tolerant varieties to combat VAD in drought-prone environments of SSA.
{"title":"Effects of drought stress on grain yield, agronomic performance, and heterosis of marker-based improved provitamin-A maize synthetics and their hybrids","authors":"I. Iseghohi, A. Abe, S. Meseka, W. Mengesha, M. Gedil, A. Menkir","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1949772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1949772","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Provitamin A-enriched maize (Zea mays L.) is an important complementary food staple for combating vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in high maize-producing and maize-consuming countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, frequent drought is a major abiotic factor that retards maize growth, resulting in yearly fluctuations in grain yield. Development of provitamin A-enriched maize varieties resilient to recurrent drought stress could enhance and stabilize maize grain yield. This study was conducted to assess the effects of managed drought stress (MDS) on the performance and heterosis of some marker-based improved provitamin A maize synthetics and their varietal-cross hybrids. The maize synthetics and their varietal-cross hybrids, along with a drought-tolerant check (PVASYN13), were evaluated under MDS and well-watered (WW) conditions at Ikenne, Nigeria, for two years. Genotype and year effects were significant for grain yield and some agronomic traits under MDS and WW conditions. Grain yield was reduced by 56% under MDS. Grain yield was significantly correlated with days to anthesis, days to silking and anthesis-silking-interval under MDS but not under WW condition. Under MDS, three varietal-cross hybrids (PVASYNHGBC0/PVASYNHGAC0, PVASYNHGBC2/PVASYNHGAC0, PVASYNHGBC0/ PVASYNHGAC1) had similar grain yields and tolerance indices as the drought-tolerant check, whereas PVASYNHGBC1/PVASYNHGAC2 produced 12.5% more grain yield than the check. Three of the varietal-cross hybrids (PVASYNHGBC0/PVASYNHGAC0, PVASYNHGBC0/PVASYNHGAC1 and PVASYNHGBC1/PVASYNHGAC2) had significant mid-parent heterosis for grain yield under the two test conditions, and were recommended for developing drought-tolerant varieties to combat VAD in drought-prone environments of SSA.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"239 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427528.2021.1949772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44182852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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