Pub Date : 2021-10-25DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1995559
Akinyemi Solomon Makinde, J. Porbeni, R. Olayiwola, O. Ariyo
ABSTRACT The rising demand for maize (Zea mays L.) in West and Central Africa (WCA) requires the availability of economical, adaptable, and high-yielding hybrids in the sub-region. The screening of maize hybrids in multi-environment trials (METs) is necessary for proper varietal selection. The aim of our study was to evaluate three-way maize hybrids for stability of performance across varied agro-ecologies. Forty-five three-way maize hybrids, along with 11 commercial hybrid checks, were evaluated in Zaria (Northern Guinea Savanna), Kisi (Southern Guinea Savanna), Eruwa (Derived Savanna), and Ibadan (Rainforest transition) in Nigeria in 2015. Data on grain yield were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis was employed to explore the genotype × environment interaction (GEI). Combined ANOVA showed that variation attributable to locations, genotypes, and GEI was significant (p ≤ 0.01). Hybrid G22 had 6% to 11% yield advantage over the commercial hybrids SC719 and OBA SUPER 1, whereas hybrids G45, G44, and G42 had 18% to 22% higher yield than the commercial hybrid OBA SUPER 2. GGE biplot identified three location groups, with G46, G22, and G2 being the most adapted hybrids in their respective sectors. GGE biplot analysis adjudged G45, G14, and G13 to be the best combiners of high yield and stability across the test locations. The identified hybrids have the potential to increase maize production and meet the rising local demand for maize in WCA.
摘要西非和中非对玉米（Zea mays L.）的需求不断增长，这要求该次区域能够获得经济、适应性强、高产的杂交玉米。在多环境试验中筛选玉米杂交种对于正确的品种选择是必要的。我们研究的目的是评估三元玉米杂交种在不同农业生态中的性能稳定性。2015年，在尼日利亚的Zaria（几内亚北部草原）、Kisi（几内亚南部草原）、Eruwa（衍生草原）和Ibadan（雨林过渡），对45个三元玉米杂交种以及11个商业杂交种进行了评估。对粮食产量数据进行方差分析（ANOVA）。采用基因型和基因型×。组合方差分析显示，地理位置、基因型和GEI的差异显著（p≤0.01）。杂交G22的产量比商业杂交SC719和OBA SUPER 1高6%至11%，而杂交G45、G44和G42的产量则比商业杂交OBA SUPER2高18%至22%。GGE双批次确定了三个位置组，G46、G22和G2是各自领域中最适合的杂交种。GGE双批次分析认为G45、G14和G13是测试地点高产率和稳定性的最佳组合剂。已确定的杂交种有可能增加玉米产量，并满足WCA当地对玉米日益增长的需求。
{"title":"Performance of three-way maize hybrids across different agro-ecologies","authors":"Akinyemi Solomon Makinde, J. Porbeni, R. Olayiwola, O. Ariyo","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1995559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1995559","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The rising demand for maize (Zea mays L.) in West and Central Africa (WCA) requires the availability of economical, adaptable, and high-yielding hybrids in the sub-region. The screening of maize hybrids in multi-environment trials (METs) is necessary for proper varietal selection. The aim of our study was to evaluate three-way maize hybrids for stability of performance across varied agro-ecologies. Forty-five three-way maize hybrids, along with 11 commercial hybrid checks, were evaluated in Zaria (Northern Guinea Savanna), Kisi (Southern Guinea Savanna), Eruwa (Derived Savanna), and Ibadan (Rainforest transition) in Nigeria in 2015. Data on grain yield were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis was employed to explore the genotype × environment interaction (GEI). Combined ANOVA showed that variation attributable to locations, genotypes, and GEI was significant (p ≤ 0.01). Hybrid G22 had 6% to 11% yield advantage over the commercial hybrids SC719 and OBA SUPER 1, whereas hybrids G45, G44, and G42 had 18% to 22% higher yield than the commercial hybrid OBA SUPER 2. GGE biplot identified three location groups, with G46, G22, and G2 being the most adapted hybrids in their respective sectors. GGE biplot analysis adjudged G45, G14, and G13 to be the best combiners of high yield and stability across the test locations. The identified hybrids have the potential to increase maize production and meet the rising local demand for maize in WCA.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"582 - 592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43794466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-24DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1994502
Mahpara Kashtwari, S. Jan, A. Wani, M. Dhar
ABSTRACT Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is triploid (2 n = 3x = 24, x = 8), which limits its improvement through crop breeding programs. This study was initiated to induce hexaploidy with the intent of restoring sexual stability in saffron. Corms were treated with colchicine concentrations of 0.0%, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1% for 3-h, 6-h, and 9-h. A total of 16 in-vitro shoots showed signs of polyploidization. These colchiploid shoots showed slow but robust growth and produced large-sized cormlets (6.0 g) compared to the control (2.8 g). Leaf epidermal cell morphology, stomatal size and density showed evidence of polyploidization. Hexaploidy (2 n = 6x = 48) was confirmed by root-tip cytology. The hexaploid corms germinated but could not establish in the field. We were able to develop a protocol for in-vitro induction of hexaploidy in C. sativus, but the subsequent growth of hexaploid corms in the field remains a major challenge in restoring the sexual stability in saffron.
藏红花(Crocus sativus L.)是三倍体(2 n = 3x = 24, x = 8)，这限制了其通过作物育种计划的改进。本研究旨在诱导六倍体，以恢复藏红花的性稳定性。秋水仙碱浓度分别为0.0%、0.025%、0.05%和0.1%，处理球茎3 h、6 h和9 h。共有16个离体芽表现出多倍体化的迹象。与对照(2.8 g)相比，这些胚芽生长缓慢但强劲，形成了大粒(6.0 g)。叶片表皮细胞形态、气孔大小和密度显示出多倍体的特征。根尖细胞学证实为六倍体(2 n = 6x = 48)。六倍体球茎发芽，但不能在田间建立。我们能够开发出一种体外诱导六倍体的方案，但是六倍体球茎在田间的后续生长仍然是恢复藏红花性稳定性的主要挑战。
{"title":"Induction of polyploidy in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) using colchicine","authors":"Mahpara Kashtwari, S. Jan, A. Wani, M. Dhar","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1994502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1994502","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is triploid (2 n = 3x = 24, x = 8), which limits its improvement through crop breeding programs. This study was initiated to induce hexaploidy with the intent of restoring sexual stability in saffron. Corms were treated with colchicine concentrations of 0.0%, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1% for 3-h, 6-h, and 9-h. A total of 16 in-vitro shoots showed signs of polyploidization. These colchiploid shoots showed slow but robust growth and produced large-sized cormlets (6.0 g) compared to the control (2.8 g). Leaf epidermal cell morphology, stomatal size and density showed evidence of polyploidization. Hexaploidy (2 n = 6x = 48) was confirmed by root-tip cytology. The hexaploid corms germinated but could not establish in the field. We were able to develop a protocol for in-vitro induction of hexaploidy in C. sativus, but the subsequent growth of hexaploid corms in the field remains a major challenge in restoring the sexual stability in saffron.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"555 - 581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48104663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-22DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1985028
Jay H. Gillenwater, Brant T. McNeece, E. Taliercio, M. Mian
ABSTRACT Seed oil and seed protein contents are commercially important components of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) that are inversely correlated. The objectives of this study were to identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) and validate existing QTL associated with seed oil, seed protein, and seed weight in soybean. Two mapping populations, Pop 201 and Pop 202, consisting of 180 and 170 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), respectively, were used in this study. The phenotypic data for each population were collected from four environments. The linkage maps of Pop 201 and Pop 202 consisted of 421 and 416 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, respectively. Multiple QTL Mapping (MQM) analyses identified a total of 13 QTL for seed oil, 7 QTL for seed protein, and 6 for seed weight (SDWT). QTL for seed oil content not co-located with protein QTL were found on chromosomes 17 and 18 in multiple environments in Pop 201 and Pop 202, respectively. These QTL can be useful in reducing the inverse correlation between seed protein and seed oil contents. Most QTL found in this study are in previously reported genomic regions, and thus provide additional evidence for the stability of those QTL across genetic and environmental backgrounds. The findings of this study provide additional insight into the genetic control of these traits and potentially enable breeders to utilize the QTL-linked SNPs in marker-assisted selection (MAS).
种子油和种子蛋白含量是大豆(Glycine max (L.))的重要商业成分。Merr.)，它们是负相关的。本研究的目的是鉴定新的数量性状位点(QTL)，并验证现有的与大豆籽油、籽粒蛋白和籽粒重相关的QTL。利用Pop 201和Pop 202两个定位群体，分别包含180和170个重组自交系(ril)。每个种群的表型数据从四个环境中收集。pop201和pop202的连锁图谱分别包含421个和416个多态性单核苷酸多态性(SNP)标记。多QTL定位(MQM)分析共鉴定出13个与种子油有关的QTL, 7个与种子蛋白有关的QTL, 6个与种子重有关的QTL (SDWT)。在Pop 201和Pop 202的多个环境中，分别在17号和18号染色体上发现了与蛋白质含量不共定位的QTL。这些QTL可用于降低种子蛋白质和种子油含量之间的负相关关系。本研究中发现的大多数QTL都位于先前报道的基因组区域，从而为这些QTL在遗传和环境背景下的稳定性提供了额外的证据。这项研究的发现为这些性状的遗传控制提供了额外的见解，并有可能使育种者在标记辅助选择(MAS)中利用qtl连锁snp。
{"title":"QTL mapping of seed protein and oil traits in two recombinant inbred line soybean populations","authors":"Jay H. Gillenwater, Brant T. McNeece, E. Taliercio, M. Mian","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1985028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1985028","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Seed oil and seed protein contents are commercially important components of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) that are inversely correlated. The objectives of this study were to identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) and validate existing QTL associated with seed oil, seed protein, and seed weight in soybean. Two mapping populations, Pop 201 and Pop 202, consisting of 180 and 170 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), respectively, were used in this study. The phenotypic data for each population were collected from four environments. The linkage maps of Pop 201 and Pop 202 consisted of 421 and 416 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, respectively. Multiple QTL Mapping (MQM) analyses identified a total of 13 QTL for seed oil, 7 QTL for seed protein, and 6 for seed weight (SDWT). QTL for seed oil content not co-located with protein QTL were found on chromosomes 17 and 18 in multiple environments in Pop 201 and Pop 202, respectively. These QTL can be useful in reducing the inverse correlation between seed protein and seed oil contents. Most QTL found in this study are in previously reported genomic regions, and thus provide additional evidence for the stability of those QTL across genetic and environmental backgrounds. The findings of this study provide additional insight into the genetic control of these traits and potentially enable breeders to utilize the QTL-linked SNPs in marker-assisted selection (MAS).","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"539 - 554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59939027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1980754
R. Sorensen, M. Lamb, C. Butts
ABSTRACT Row crops normally grown in Southeast USA are cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) with a focus on the higher economic value for peanut. Peanut is typically planted using a twin-row pattern and purchasing a twin-row planter may not be cost effective unless used with other rotational crops. The objectives were to compare corn yield when planted in twin-rows, with two plant densities, at multiple locations, and irrigated with drip or sprinkler system. Corn was planted in single and twin-row patterns at 7.9 seeds/m (normal; 86,100 seeds/ha) and 4.9 seeds/m (half-normal; 53,600 seeds/ha) at multiple locations and cropping seasons. Irrigation systems consisted of subsurface drip (SSDI), shallow subsurface drip (S3DI) and overhead sprinkler. Single and twin-row with normal seeding rate had same yield across years, locations, or irrigation system 88% of the time. With drip irrigation only, twin-row half-normal seeding rate had the same yield as the single-row normal seeding rate 75% of the time and when factoring in seed savings had an economic benefit of $56/ha. The single-row half-normal seeding rate always had lower yield compared with other treatments. The S3DI irrigation system had greater yield than SSDI for both row patterns and seeding rates. Therefore, a twin-row planter purchased for peanut may be used to plant corn without yield reduction using normal seeding rates under either drip or sprinkler irrigation systems.
{"title":"Corn yield as affected by row pattern, plant density, and irrigation system","authors":"R. Sorensen, M. Lamb, C. Butts","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1980754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1980754","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Row crops normally grown in Southeast USA are cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) with a focus on the higher economic value for peanut. Peanut is typically planted using a twin-row pattern and purchasing a twin-row planter may not be cost effective unless used with other rotational crops. The objectives were to compare corn yield when planted in twin-rows, with two plant densities, at multiple locations, and irrigated with drip or sprinkler system. Corn was planted in single and twin-row patterns at 7.9 seeds/m (normal; 86,100 seeds/ha) and 4.9 seeds/m (half-normal; 53,600 seeds/ha) at multiple locations and cropping seasons. Irrigation systems consisted of subsurface drip (SSDI), shallow subsurface drip (S3DI) and overhead sprinkler. Single and twin-row with normal seeding rate had same yield across years, locations, or irrigation system 88% of the time. With drip irrigation only, twin-row half-normal seeding rate had the same yield as the single-row normal seeding rate 75% of the time and when factoring in seed savings had an economic benefit of $56/ha. The single-row half-normal seeding rate always had lower yield compared with other treatments. The S3DI irrigation system had greater yield than SSDI for both row patterns and seeding rates. Therefore, a twin-row planter purchased for peanut may be used to plant corn without yield reduction using normal seeding rates under either drip or sprinkler irrigation systems.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"526 - 538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41498181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1979157
L. A. Awata, B. Ifie, E. Danquah, P. Tongoona, L. Suresh, M. Gowda, Philip W. Marchelo-Dragga, Chelang’at Sitonik, M. Olsen, B. Prasanna, M. Jumbo
ABSTRACT Contrast between marker-assisted backcross (MABC) and doubled haploid (DH) methods in transferring genes for resistance to maize lethal necrosis (MLN) in maize (Zea mays L.) is not well understood. The MLN is caused by co-infection of maize plant by maize chlorotic mottle virus and sugarcane mosaic virus. Two maize panels consisting of four BC3F2 and six DH populations, separately developed through marker-assisted selection from crosses between susceptible CIMMYT lines and MLN-resistant donor parent (KS23-6), were used in the current study. The two populations were of different population structures with unequal sizes. Experiments were conducted under artificial MLN inoculations for two seasons in 2018. Analyses of variance revealed significant variations among genotypes in both panels (p ≤ 0.001). Levene’s and Welch’s tests found that variances and means of the BC3F2 and DH populations were highly unequal (p ≤ 0.001). The study identified genotypes with reduced MLN infections in both populations; however, lower means for MLN severity and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values, and higher heritability estimates were obtained in the DH populations than in the BC3F2 populations. Additionally, the DH populations showed higher relative genetic gains for resistance to MLN compared with the BC3F2 populations. The current study detected superiority of DH over MABC populations for breeding for resistance to MLN. Nevertheless, the results observed in the present study warrant further investigations using the same genetic materials with identical population sizes.
{"title":"Comparison of non-overlapping maize populations of unequal sizes for resistance to maize lethal necrosis","authors":"L. A. Awata, B. Ifie, E. Danquah, P. Tongoona, L. Suresh, M. Gowda, Philip W. Marchelo-Dragga, Chelang’at Sitonik, M. Olsen, B. Prasanna, M. Jumbo","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1979157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1979157","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Contrast between marker-assisted backcross (MABC) and doubled haploid (DH) methods in transferring genes for resistance to maize lethal necrosis (MLN) in maize (Zea mays L.) is not well understood. The MLN is caused by co-infection of maize plant by maize chlorotic mottle virus and sugarcane mosaic virus. Two maize panels consisting of four BC3F2 and six DH populations, separately developed through marker-assisted selection from crosses between susceptible CIMMYT lines and MLN-resistant donor parent (KS23-6), were used in the current study. The two populations were of different population structures with unequal sizes. Experiments were conducted under artificial MLN inoculations for two seasons in 2018. Analyses of variance revealed significant variations among genotypes in both panels (p ≤ 0.001). Levene’s and Welch’s tests found that variances and means of the BC3F2 and DH populations were highly unequal (p ≤ 0.001). The study identified genotypes with reduced MLN infections in both populations; however, lower means for MLN severity and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values, and higher heritability estimates were obtained in the DH populations than in the BC3F2 populations. Additionally, the DH populations showed higher relative genetic gains for resistance to MLN compared with the BC3F2 populations. The current study detected superiority of DH over MABC populations for breeding for resistance to MLN. Nevertheless, the results observed in the present study warrant further investigations using the same genetic materials with identical population sizes.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"494 - 513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41327030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1979156
D. Zebire, A. Menkir, V. Adetimirin, W. Mengesha, S. Meseka, M. Gedil
ABSTRACT Identifying efficient testers for separating maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines into heterotic groups can facilitate the development of superior hybrids. Striga-resistant yellow-maize inbred lines developed at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) do not have well established heterotic groups. This study was conducted to identify efficient testers for classifying yellow-maize inbred lines into heterotic groups. Thirty Striga-resistant inbred lines were crossed with three testers having varying levels of resistance to Striga. A trial comprising 90 testcrosses and two hybrid checks was conducted at two locations in Nigeria for 2 years under Striga-infested and non-infested conditions. The approach that involved specific combining ability (SCA) effects and mean grain yields was found to be more efficient than the heterotic group’s specific and general combining ability (HSGCA) grouping method in separating the 30 inbred lines into three heterotic groups. The tolerant and resistant testers were highly efficient in grouping the inbred lines into heterotic groups under Striga-infested and non-infested conditions using the two approaches. Striga-resistant yellow inbred lines assigned to two of the three major heterotic groups could be used as parents for developing superior hybrids and/or synthetics and for generating source populations for developing new maize inbred lines.
{"title":"Efficacy of maize inbred testers with varying levels of resistance to Striga for classifying Striga-resistant yellow-maize lines into heterotic groups","authors":"D. Zebire, A. Menkir, V. Adetimirin, W. Mengesha, S. Meseka, M. Gedil","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1979156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1979156","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Identifying efficient testers for separating maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines into heterotic groups can facilitate the development of superior hybrids. Striga-resistant yellow-maize inbred lines developed at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) do not have well established heterotic groups. This study was conducted to identify efficient testers for classifying yellow-maize inbred lines into heterotic groups. Thirty Striga-resistant inbred lines were crossed with three testers having varying levels of resistance to Striga. A trial comprising 90 testcrosses and two hybrid checks was conducted at two locations in Nigeria for 2 years under Striga-infested and non-infested conditions. The approach that involved specific combining ability (SCA) effects and mean grain yields was found to be more efficient than the heterotic group’s specific and general combining ability (HSGCA) grouping method in separating the 30 inbred lines into three heterotic groups. The tolerant and resistant testers were highly efficient in grouping the inbred lines into heterotic groups under Striga-infested and non-infested conditions using the two approaches. Striga-resistant yellow inbred lines assigned to two of the three major heterotic groups could be used as parents for developing superior hybrids and/or synthetics and for generating source populations for developing new maize inbred lines.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"473 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48873620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1979158
Miloud Sabri, E. Achbani, M. Diouri, R. Benkirane, Mohamed Ou-zine, Kaoutar El handi, K. Habbadi
ABSTRACT Rapid, easy and direct DNA extraction protocols are required for use in routine analyses to detect plant pathogenic bacteria. For this purpose, five protocols for extracting bacterial DNA, which do not use toxic chemicals such as phenol and chloroform, were optimized for the detection of plant pathogenic bacteria quickly and directly from plant material using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The protocols are based on the use of different maceration and extraction buffers to ensure quality bacterial DNA extraction and to remove the PCR inhibitors. Results showed that the protocol #1 based on the use of Tris and TNPEE buffers and protocol #3 based on the use of 0.4% bovine serum albumin and 0.05% Tween 20 were able to detect Erwinia amylovora from apple and pear samples. Protocol #2 that used 2% polyvinyl pyrrolidone in maceration and extraction buffers was found to be efficient for detecting Erwinia amylovora, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Allorhizobium vitis directly from plant tissues. However, protocols #4 and #5 based on the use of 1% Triton X-100 and 0.1% Tween 20, respectively, were unable to detect the studied bacteria. Accordingly, the protocol #2 is proposed for efficient, direct and rapid detection of plant pathogenic bacteria in plant materials via PCR.
{"title":"Simple direct DNA extraction protocols for efficient routine detection of plant pathogenic bacteria via conventional PCR","authors":"Miloud Sabri, E. Achbani, M. Diouri, R. Benkirane, Mohamed Ou-zine, Kaoutar El handi, K. Habbadi","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1979158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1979158","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rapid, easy and direct DNA extraction protocols are required for use in routine analyses to detect plant pathogenic bacteria. For this purpose, five protocols for extracting bacterial DNA, which do not use toxic chemicals such as phenol and chloroform, were optimized for the detection of plant pathogenic bacteria quickly and directly from plant material using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The protocols are based on the use of different maceration and extraction buffers to ensure quality bacterial DNA extraction and to remove the PCR inhibitors. Results showed that the protocol #1 based on the use of Tris and TNPEE buffers and protocol #3 based on the use of 0.4% bovine serum albumin and 0.05% Tween 20 were able to detect Erwinia amylovora from apple and pear samples. Protocol #2 that used 2% polyvinyl pyrrolidone in maceration and extraction buffers was found to be efficient for detecting Erwinia amylovora, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Allorhizobium vitis directly from plant tissues. However, protocols #4 and #5 based on the use of 1% Triton X-100 and 0.1% Tween 20, respectively, were unable to detect the studied bacteria. Accordingly, the protocol #2 is proposed for efficient, direct and rapid detection of plant pathogenic bacteria in plant materials via PCR.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"514 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45264754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1972376
S. Thapa, B. Stewart, E. Ashiadey, Q. Xue, B. Blaser, Rajan Shrestha
ABSTRACT Understanding transpiration efficiency (TE), especially in water-limited environments, is likely to result in increased crop yield. Two successive greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2017 to determine season-long TE in three corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids (P1151AM, 33D53AM, and P1564HR) and investigate whether the TE varies among different plant growth stages (six-leaf, flag leaf, mid-grain filling, and physiological maturity). Corn plants were grown in wooden boxes up to maturity while eliminating water loss except that lost in the form of transpiration. To prevent the belowground water loss, wooden boxes were lined with plastic sheets and sealed to the lids. The TE was determined as the ratio of aboveground biomass to cumulative water used in transpiration. The mean TE was the highest (6.27 kg m−3) when plants were harvested at the mid-grain-filling stage, followed by the flag leaf stage (5.91 kg m−3), and physiological maturity (5.81 kg m−3), and lowest at the six-leaf stage (5.25 kg m−3). Two-drought tolerant (DT) hybrids, P1151AM (6.20 kg m−3) and P1564HR (6.17 kg m−3), had higher TE than the conventional hybrid, 33D53AM (5.42 kg m−3). Grain-filling period is critical for water management in corn. This study showed that TE was also highest when plants were harvested at the mid-grain-filling stage and decreased thereafter. Therefore, producers, who have limited irrigation facilities, should develop a strategy to apply a sufficient amount of water before and during the grain-filling period for maximizing corn yield.
了解蒸腾效率(TE)，特别是在缺水环境下，可能会提高作物产量。2017年进行了两个连续的温室试验，以测定三个玉米(Zea mays L.)杂交种(P1151AM、33D53AM和P1564HR)的全季TE，并研究TE在植株不同生育阶段(六叶、旗叶、籽粒中期灌浆和生理成熟)的差异。玉米植株在木箱中种植直到成熟，同时消除水分损失，除了以蒸腾形式损失的水分。为了防止地下水流失，用塑料布衬里的木箱盖上了盖子。蒸腾耗水量为地上生物量与蒸腾耗水量之比。灌浆中期收获的平均TE最高(6.27 kg m−3)，其次是旗叶期(5.91 kg m−3)和生理成熟期(5.81 kg m−3)，六叶期最低(5.25 kg m−3)。双耐旱(DT)杂交品种P1151AM (6.20 kg m−3)和P1564HR (6.17 kg m−3)的TE值高于常规杂交品种33D53AM (5.42 kg m−3)。灌浆期是玉米水分管理的关键时期。结果表明，灌浆中期收获植株的TE值最高，灌浆中期收获植株后TE值逐渐降低。因此，灌溉设施有限的生产者应制定策略，在灌浆前和灌浆期间施用足量的水，以最大限度地提高玉米产量。
{"title":"Transpiration efficiency of corn hybrids at different growth stages","authors":"S. Thapa, B. Stewart, E. Ashiadey, Q. Xue, B. Blaser, Rajan Shrestha","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1972376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1972376","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding transpiration efficiency (TE), especially in water-limited environments, is likely to result in increased crop yield. Two successive greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2017 to determine season-long TE in three corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids (P1151AM, 33D53AM, and P1564HR) and investigate whether the TE varies among different plant growth stages (six-leaf, flag leaf, mid-grain filling, and physiological maturity). Corn plants were grown in wooden boxes up to maturity while eliminating water loss except that lost in the form of transpiration. To prevent the belowground water loss, wooden boxes were lined with plastic sheets and sealed to the lids. The TE was determined as the ratio of aboveground biomass to cumulative water used in transpiration. The mean TE was the highest (6.27 kg m−3) when plants were harvested at the mid-grain-filling stage, followed by the flag leaf stage (5.91 kg m−3), and physiological maturity (5.81 kg m−3), and lowest at the six-leaf stage (5.25 kg m−3). Two-drought tolerant (DT) hybrids, P1151AM (6.20 kg m−3) and P1564HR (6.17 kg m−3), had higher TE than the conventional hybrid, 33D53AM (5.42 kg m−3). Grain-filling period is critical for water management in corn. This study showed that TE was also highest when plants were harvested at the mid-grain-filling stage and decreased thereafter. Therefore, producers, who have limited irrigation facilities, should develop a strategy to apply a sufficient amount of water before and during the grain-filling period for maximizing corn yield.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"389 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45977303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1977448
H. Ghazvini, S. Bagherikia, A. Pour-Aboughadareh, Mohammad Sharifalhossaini, Sayed Alireza Razavi, Solaiman Mohammadi, Marefat GhasemiKalkhoran, Asadollah Fathihafshejani, Gh. Khakizade
ABSTRACT In multi-environment trials (METs), the study of genotype × environment (GE) interaction is important for identifying high-yielding and stable or specifically adapted genotypes. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the GE interaction via GGE biplot analysis using some promising barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines evaluated in an MET to identify genotypes possessing high yield and yield stability in the cold regions of Iran. Eighteen promising barley lines, along with two check cultivars, were evaluated during two consecutive cropping seasons (2016–17 and 2017–18) at six research stations located in different regions of the cold zone. The results demonstrated that G1, G2, G4, and G8 were among those with high-yield and stable performance across environments. Moreover, GGE biplot analysis identified these genotypes along with G19 and G20 as the most ideal genotypes. Of these, G8 and G20 showed the highest yield performance. Genotype G15 (Germunk3) was specifically adapted for some regions such as Hamadan province. On the other hand, genotype G8 (Makouee/Jolgeh) had general adaptability across different environments and can be recommended as a new barley genotype for cultivation in most cold regions of Iran.
{"title":"GGE biplot analysis of promising barley lines in the cold regions of Iran","authors":"H. Ghazvini, S. Bagherikia, A. Pour-Aboughadareh, Mohammad Sharifalhossaini, Sayed Alireza Razavi, Solaiman Mohammadi, Marefat GhasemiKalkhoran, Asadollah Fathihafshejani, Gh. Khakizade","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1977448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1977448","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In multi-environment trials (METs), the study of genotype × environment (GE) interaction is important for identifying high-yielding and stable or specifically adapted genotypes. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the GE interaction via GGE biplot analysis using some promising barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines evaluated in an MET to identify genotypes possessing high yield and yield stability in the cold regions of Iran. Eighteen promising barley lines, along with two check cultivars, were evaluated during two consecutive cropping seasons (2016–17 and 2017–18) at six research stations located in different regions of the cold zone. The results demonstrated that G1, G2, G4, and G8 were among those with high-yield and stable performance across environments. Moreover, GGE biplot analysis identified these genotypes along with G19 and G20 as the most ideal genotypes. Of these, G8 and G20 showed the highest yield performance. Genotype G15 (Germunk3) was specifically adapted for some regions such as Hamadan province. On the other hand, genotype G8 (Makouee/Jolgeh) had general adaptability across different environments and can be recommended as a new barley genotype for cultivation in most cold regions of Iran.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"461 - 472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43344124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-04DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.1974634
Mulat Asmamaw, A. Kurunç, K. Doganay, F. Kantar, N. Bimurzayev
ABSTRACT The type and amount of salt present in water determine the suitability of water for irrigation. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different salt sources (SS) and different salinity levels (SLs) in irrigation water on photosynthetic capacity, emergence and seedling growth parameters of eight bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes (G). The experiment was designed as a three-factorial split–split plot under a rain-out shelter. The G × SS × SL interaction for all investigated parameters was statistically significant. In general, GV-51, VN-50 and ML-34 genotypes were not adversely affected by increasing SL with respect to CaCl2, MgCl2 and CaSO4 salts. However, compared to the control, VN-8 and TR-64995 genotypes showed the lowest percent emergence from 2 and 3 dS m−1 with all salt sources, except VN-8 with CaSO4 salt. None of the genotypes showed significant differences for mean emergence time with increasing SL of CaSO4 salt. The highest shoot length was obtained for Helda genotype under control SL. Considering all genotypes, the values ranged from 0.533 to 0.740 for Fv/Fm ratio, 3.36 to 3.38 g for biomass weight, 1.82 to 4.75 g for shoot weight, and 1.42 to 4.50 g for root weight. Genotypic differences existed for salinity tolerance for emergence and early seedling growth, and the effects of salinity depended not only on the amount of salt but also on the kind of salt present in the irrigation water.
{"title":"Emergence, photosynthesis, and seedling growth of bean genotypes, as affected by salt sources and salinity levels","authors":"Mulat Asmamaw, A. Kurunç, K. Doganay, F. Kantar, N. Bimurzayev","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.1974634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1974634","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The type and amount of salt present in water determine the suitability of water for irrigation. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different salt sources (SS) and different salinity levels (SLs) in irrigation water on photosynthetic capacity, emergence and seedling growth parameters of eight bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes (G). The experiment was designed as a three-factorial split–split plot under a rain-out shelter. The G × SS × SL interaction for all investigated parameters was statistically significant. In general, GV-51, VN-50 and ML-34 genotypes were not adversely affected by increasing SL with respect to CaCl2, MgCl2 and CaSO4 salts. However, compared to the control, VN-8 and TR-64995 genotypes showed the lowest percent emergence from 2 and 3 dS m−1 with all salt sources, except VN-8 with CaSO4 salt. None of the genotypes showed significant differences for mean emergence time with increasing SL of CaSO4 salt. The highest shoot length was obtained for Helda genotype under control SL. Considering all genotypes, the values ranged from 0.533 to 0.740 for Fv/Fm ratio, 3.36 to 3.38 g for biomass weight, 1.82 to 4.75 g for shoot weight, and 1.42 to 4.50 g for root weight. Genotypic differences existed for salinity tolerance for emergence and early seedling growth, and the effects of salinity depended not only on the amount of salt but also on the kind of salt present in the irrigation water.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"422 - 439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45970926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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