The study is devoted to the development of a safe and reliable methodology for investigation of photographic stereo negative films by methods of molecular spectroscopy using portable devices. The investigation of 200 photographic stereo negative films of the early XXth century that belonged to the Karl Kosse family photographic archive was performed. This archive was donated to the collection of the State Russian Museum and Exhibition Centre ROSPHOTO (St. Petersburg, Russia) in 2013. Due to the presence of artifacts with a different state of preservation, the study of the artifacts contributes to the understanding of the degradation processes and methods of the state control, approaches of restorations and conservations, as well as the historical development of the photographic industry and amateur photography of the late XIX - early XXth centuries.
The portable Raman spectroscopy was selected as the informative technique, giving highly reproducible results. The film base was attributed to cellulose nitrate with the camphor addition for all studied artifacts. It was demonstrated that the safe and reliable results can be obtained with the help of portable Raman spectrometer BRAVO Bruker. Combination of principle component analysis with conjunction of hierarchical cluster analysis made it possible to divide the studied photographic materials into groups on the basis of relative contribution of inorganic compounds detected by Raman spectroscopy.
{"title":"Investigation of cellulose nitrate film-based photographic materials (1902–1917) using a portable Raman spectrometer and chemometric methods","authors":"Anastasia Povolotckaia , Maria Dynnikova , Valeria Lipovskaya (Kaputkina) , Irina Grigorieva , Svetlana Kaputkina , Evgenii Borisov , Anna Vasileva , Dmitrii Pankin","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study is devoted to the development of a safe and reliable methodology for investigation of photographic stereo negative films by methods of molecular spectroscopy using portable devices. The investigation of 200 photographic stereo negative films of the early XXth century that belonged to the Karl Kosse family photographic archive was performed. This archive was donated to the collection of the State Russian Museum and Exhibition Centre ROSPHOTO (St. Petersburg, Russia) in 2013. Due to the presence of artifacts with a different state of preservation, the study of the artifacts contributes to the understanding of the degradation processes and methods of the state control, approaches of restorations and conservations, as well as the historical development of the photographic industry and amateur photography of the late XIX - early XXth centuries.</div><div>The portable Raman spectroscopy was selected as the informative technique, giving highly reproducible results. The film base was attributed to cellulose nitrate with the camphor addition for all studied artifacts. It was demonstrated that the safe and reliable results can be obtained with the help of portable Raman spectrometer BRAVO Bruker. Combination of principle component analysis with conjunction of hierarchical cluster analysis made it possible to divide the studied photographic materials into groups on the basis of relative contribution of inorganic compounds detected by Raman spectroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 217-224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.018
Beata Gutarowska , Sara Socci , Justyna Szulc , Michał Komar , Tomasz Ruman , Joanna Nizioł , Sabrina Manente
The aim of this study was to identify microorganisms present in historic wooden objects stored in indoor and outdoor environments in Italy and Poland. A variety of methods, including culture methods, MALDI-TOF MS, and high-throughput sequencing, were used to identify microorganisms. Model studies were then conducted on oak wood samples under light and dark conditions, using single isolates from the tested samples and a mixed culture of isolated bacterial, mould, and algal strains. Changes in the samples were investigated by metabolomics analysis using UHPLC-MS/MS. Colour change was assessed in the CIELAB system. We also measured water absorptivity, pH levels, and degradation of cellulose and lignin. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were bacteria from the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, particularly Actinomycetes, Cytophagales, Sphingomonadales, Burkholderia, Bacillus, Staphylococcus; fungi from the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, with genera including Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus Cladophialophora, and Pleurotheciella; green algae belonging to the phylum Chlorophyta, including the genera Chloroidium, Stichococcus, and Diplosphaerea. Model tests confirmed that these microorganisms are capable of altering the properties of wood, resulting in colour and pH changes, increased water absorption. Wood biodeterioration was found primarily to depend on the types of microorganisms present and on the light or dark conditions, which influenced the profiles of the metabolic pathways and the direction of the degradation process. Dark conditions favoured the growth of microorganisms on the wood and significantly increased water absorptivity, also contributed to yellowing, as confirmed by the production of β-carotene. Light conditions stimulated the activation of metabolic pathways related to photosynthesis, primary metabolism, and the TCA cycle. Although they did not favour the growth of microorganisms, light conditions triggered adaptive mechanisms, as evidenced by the production of more diverse and higher quantities of lipids in the microbial biofilms.
{"title":"Microbial biodeterioration of historic wood based on classical and omics methods with model studies","authors":"Beata Gutarowska , Sara Socci , Justyna Szulc , Michał Komar , Tomasz Ruman , Joanna Nizioł , Sabrina Manente","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to identify microorganisms present in historic wooden objects stored in indoor and outdoor environments in Italy and Poland. A variety of methods, including culture methods, MALDI-TOF MS, and high-throughput sequencing, were used to identify microorganisms. Model studies were then conducted on oak wood samples under light and dark conditions, using single isolates from the tested samples and a mixed culture of isolated bacterial, mould, and algal strains. Changes in the samples were investigated by metabolomics analysis using UHPLC-MS/MS. Colour change was assessed in the CIELAB system. We also measured water absorptivity, pH levels, and degradation of cellulose and lignin. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were bacteria from the phyla <em>Actinobacteria</em> and <em>Proteobacteria</em>, particularly <em>Actinomycetes, Cytophagales, Sphingomonadales, Burkholderia, Bacillus, Staphylococcus</em>; fungi from the phyla <em>Ascomycota</em> and <em>Basidiomycota</em>, with genera including <em>Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus Cladophialophora,</em> and <em>Pleurotheciella</em>; green algae belonging to the phylum <em>Chlorophyta</em>, including the genera <em>Chloroidium, Stichococcus,</em> and <em>Diplosphaerea</em>. Model tests confirmed that these microorganisms are capable of altering the properties of wood, resulting in colour and pH changes, increased water absorption. Wood biodeterioration was found primarily to depend on the types of microorganisms present and on the light or dark conditions, which influenced the profiles of the metabolic pathways and the direction of the degradation process. Dark conditions favoured the growth of microorganisms on the wood and significantly increased water absorptivity, also contributed to yellowing, as confirmed by the production of β-carotene. Light conditions stimulated the activation of metabolic pathways related to photosynthesis, primary metabolism, and the TCA cycle. Although they did not favour the growth of microorganisms, light conditions triggered adaptive mechanisms, as evidenced by the production of more diverse and higher quantities of lipids in the microbial biofilms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 302-308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.001
Sultan M. Alsharif , Ahmed M. Eid , Saad El-Din Hassan , Mohammed Ali Abdel-Rahman , Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud , Duaa A. Bukhari , Fatmah O. sefrji , Abdulmajeed A. Alqurashi , Moayad S. Waznah , Amr Fouda
Determining characteristics of deteriorated historical manuscripts and identifying the microbial strains associated with their deterioration opens the way for discovering new strategies for preservation. Evidence of deterioration in an archaeological manuscript from the 17th century was detected by optical and SEM-EDX analysis. Ten bacterial and seven fungal strains were obtained from deteriorated parts of the manuscript. These microbial strains were identified based on 16S rRNA and ITS sequence analysis as follows: Bacillus subtilis (two strains), one strain of B. cereus, B. amyloliquefaciens and Acinetobacter haemolyticus. A. indicus (two strains), one strain of Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Serratia plymuthica, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aspergillus flavus and A. ustus, A. chinensis (two strains), one strain of Penicillium chrysogenum, P. citrinum and Paecilomyces variotii. The superior efficacy of these strains in biodeterioration via various hydrolytic enzymes was explored. For an appropriate, eco-friendly, safe, and cost-effective method for microbial biodeterioration treatment, gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were fabricated from aqueous leaf extracts of Portulaca oleracea L. The synthesized NPs were spherical, crystallographic, and well arranged, with average sizes of 38 nm (Au-NPs) and 23 nm (ZnONPs). NPs at two concentrations (100 and 200 µg mL–1) were used to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth. The data obtained revealed that the antimicrobial activity was concentration dependent. Compared with the Au-NPs, the plant-generated ZnONPs showed superior antimicrobial activity. Overall, the plant-mediated production of NPs offers a promising eco-friendly approach for treating microbial biodeterioration in historical artifacts.
{"title":"Unveiling the biodeterioration activity of microbial communities to the historical manuscript: Biocontrol using biosynthesized gold and zinc oxide nanoparticles","authors":"Sultan M. Alsharif , Ahmed M. Eid , Saad El-Din Hassan , Mohammed Ali Abdel-Rahman , Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud , Duaa A. Bukhari , Fatmah O. sefrji , Abdulmajeed A. Alqurashi , Moayad S. Waznah , Amr Fouda","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining characteristics of deteriorated historical manuscripts and identifying the microbial strains associated with their deterioration opens the way for discovering new strategies for preservation. Evidence of deterioration in an archaeological manuscript from the 17th century was detected by optical and SEM-EDX analysis. Ten bacterial and seven fungal strains were obtained from deteriorated parts of the manuscript. These microbial strains were identified based on 16S rRNA and ITS sequence analysis as follows: <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (two strains), one strain of <em>B. cereus, B. amyloliquefaciens</em> and <em>Acinetobacter haemolyticus. A. indicus</em> (two strains), one strain of <em>Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Serratia plymuthica, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aspergillus flavus</em> and <em>A. ustus, A. chinensis</em> (two strains), one strain of <em>Penicillium chrysogenum, P. citrinum</em> and <em>Paecilomyces variotii.</em> The superior efficacy of these strains in biodeterioration <em>via</em> various hydrolytic enzymes was explored. For an appropriate, eco-friendly, safe, and cost-effective method for microbial biodeterioration treatment, gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO<img>NPs) were fabricated from aqueous leaf extracts of <em>Portulaca oleracea</em> L. The synthesized NPs were spherical, crystallographic, and well arranged, with average sizes of 38 nm (Au-NPs) and 23 nm (ZnO<img>NPs). NPs at two concentrations (100 and 200 µg mL<sup>–1</sup>) were used to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth. The data obtained revealed that the antimicrobial activity was concentration dependent. Compared with the Au-NPs, the plant-generated ZnO<img>NPs showed superior antimicrobial activity. Overall, the plant-mediated production of NPs offers a promising eco-friendly approach for treating microbial biodeterioration in historical artifacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 440-452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.013
Francesca Porpora , Luigi Dei , Alessia Maria Maiano , Emiliano Carretti
One of the most crucial subjects for cellulose acetate motion picture film conservation is associated with the so-called “vinegar syndrome”. This paper shows the set up of an innovative procedure for the artificial induction of this degradation process in both cellulose triacetate laboratory samples and real motion picture films. Moreover, a multi-analytical approach based on optical microscopy, gravimetry, solubility, free acidity measurements and tensile tests, combined with acetyl content calculation through Heterogeneous Saponification Method (HSM) and Fourier Transform InfraRed Attenuated Total Reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) was also defined to obtain a complete picture of the evolution of the “vinegar syndrome”. The procedures presented in this paper are preliminary to the set up of new materials specifically tailored for the inhibition of the “vinegar syndrome”. The idea is to artificially induce the de-acetylation on cellulose acetate samples in a controlled, reproducible and non-aggressive way for the tested inhibitors, and monitor the evolution of the process through the abovementioned multi-analytical approach.
{"title":"Artificial induction of the “vinegar syndrome” in cellulose acetate motion picture film and multi-analytical protocol for its monitoring","authors":"Francesca Porpora , Luigi Dei , Alessia Maria Maiano , Emiliano Carretti","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most crucial subjects for cellulose acetate motion picture film conservation is associated with the so-called “vinegar syndrome”. This paper shows the set up of an innovative procedure for the artificial induction of this degradation process in both cellulose triacetate laboratory samples and real motion picture films. Moreover, a multi-analytical approach based on optical microscopy, gravimetry, solubility, free acidity measurements and tensile tests, combined with acetyl content calculation through Heterogeneous Saponification Method (HSM) and Fourier Transform InfraRed Attenuated Total Reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) was also defined to obtain a complete picture of the evolution of the “vinegar syndrome”. The procedures presented in this paper are preliminary to the set up of new materials specifically tailored for the inhibition of the “vinegar syndrome”. The idea is to artificially induce the de-acetylation on cellulose acetate samples in a controlled, reproducible and non-aggressive way for the tested inhibitors, and monitor the evolution of the process through the abovementioned multi-analytical approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 184-196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decision-making for the conservation of heritage stringed musical instruments, especially their playing conditions, can be supported by science-based models. Mechanical stresses induced by string tension can prevent an instrument from being played if the risk of damage is too high since they can lead to plastic strains and permanently damage a rare object. Science-based modeling tools, such as the finite element method, require detailed knowledge of the mechanical and material properties of the instrument. However, many of these properties are uncertain, such as material properties, relative humidity conditions, or existing crack defects. Info-gap decision theory provides a framework to address uncertainty and to evaluate the robustness of decisions in situations where there are significant gaps in information. This is applied here to the decision-making process to determine whether an instrument is playable or not. It is applied on an antique cello by Pietro Guarneri, E.1555, kept in the Musée de la musique-philharmonie de Paris. The instrument shows local damages like a gallery created by a xylophageous insect. The info-gap robustness metric evaluates how wrong our physics-based model can be with respect to the baseline material properties without jeopardising the validity of this decision. Toward this end, a finite element model is created and a static analysis is performed to compute the stress field near the damaged area resulting from string tension. A robustness analysis is performed to compute the info-gap robustness curves for different uncertainty scenarios with respect to both the elastic properties and the yield stresses of wood with unknown properties. In this illustration, it is shown that it is more effective to reduce uncertainty in the elastic properties rather than yield stresses to ensure a robust decision concerning the playability of the instrument.
{"title":"Value of information in the conservation of a heritage cello: An info-gap decision theory approach","authors":"Romain Viala , Yakov Ben-Haim , Stéphane Vaiedelich , Scott Cogan","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decision-making for the conservation of heritage stringed musical instruments, especially their playing conditions, can be supported by science-based models. Mechanical stresses induced by string tension can prevent an instrument from being played if the risk of damage is too high since they can lead to plastic strains and permanently damage a rare object. Science-based modeling tools, such as the finite element method, require detailed knowledge of the mechanical and material properties of the instrument. However, many of these properties are uncertain, such as material properties, relative humidity conditions, or existing crack defects. Info-gap decision theory provides a framework to address uncertainty and to evaluate the robustness of decisions in situations where there are significant gaps in information. This is applied here to the decision-making process to determine whether an instrument is playable or not. It is applied on an antique cello by Pietro Guarneri, E.1555, kept in the Musée de la musique-philharmonie de Paris. The instrument shows local damages like a gallery created by a xylophageous insect. The info-gap robustness metric evaluates how wrong our physics-based model can be with respect to the baseline material properties without jeopardising the validity of this decision. Toward this end, a finite element model is created and a static analysis is performed to compute the stress field near the damaged area resulting from string tension. A robustness analysis is performed to compute the info-gap robustness curves for different uncertainty scenarios with respect to both the elastic properties and the yield stresses of wood with unknown properties. In this illustration, it is shown that it is more effective to reduce uncertainty in the elastic properties rather than yield stresses to ensure a robust decision concerning the playability of the instrument.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.007
Katarzyna Lech
This research investigates Coptic textiles from the first millennium, recovered from Egyptian necropolises and known for their aesthetic and cultural significance. These textiles exemplify a crucial connection between ancient and medieval artistic traditions. Using advanced analytical techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV–vis spectrophotometry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV–vis-ESI MS/MS), the study investigates natural dyes in the collection of the Jagiellonian University Museum Collegium Maius, focusing on eight red wefts of textiles dating from the 3rd to 8th centuries. Preliminary results identify madder and indigo or woad, lac dye and shellfish purple (also known as Tyrian purple or royal purple), highlighting extensive trade connections. One sample contained synthetic dye, new fuchsin, suggesting an effort to enhance its appearance during the 19th or 20th century. By linking chemical profiles with historical data, the research verified hypotheses about dye sourcing, aiding in dating the fabrics. The study also revealed fragmentation pathway and the identity of a brominated indigotin derivative, a degradation product of shellfish purple. Moreover, it uncovered previously unreported dye markers, likely resulting from degradation, and demonstrated that the extractant could react with the colorants on a fibre, thereby influencing the composition of the extract mixture, as revealed using HPLC-UV–vis-ESI MS/MS.
{"title":"Analysing reds in Coptic textiles: Insights from mass spectrometry","authors":"Katarzyna Lech","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates Coptic textiles from the first millennium, recovered from Egyptian necropolises and known for their aesthetic and cultural significance. These textiles exemplify a crucial connection between ancient and medieval artistic traditions. Using advanced analytical techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV–vis spectrophotometry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV–vis-ESI MS/MS), the study investigates natural dyes in the collection of the Jagiellonian University Museum Collegium Maius, focusing on eight red wefts of textiles dating from the 3rd to 8th centuries. Preliminary results identify madder and indigo or woad, lac dye and shellfish purple (also known as Tyrian purple or royal purple), highlighting extensive trade connections. One sample contained synthetic dye, new fuchsin, suggesting an effort to enhance its appearance during the 19th or 20th century. By linking chemical profiles with historical data, the research verified hypotheses about dye sourcing, aiding in dating the fabrics. The study also revealed fragmentation pathway and the identity of a brominated indigotin derivative, a degradation product of shellfish purple. Moreover, it uncovered previously unreported dye markers, likely resulting from degradation, and demonstrated that the extractant could react with the colorants on a fibre, thereby influencing the composition of the extract mixture, as revealed using HPLC-UV–vis-ESI MS/MS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 274-281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.005
Annalaura Vuoto , Marco F. Funari , Shaghayegh Karimzadeh , Paulo B. Lourenço
This paper presents a novel method for generating geometric models of architectural heritage in the absence of a digital survey. The method employs a Generative Programming (GP) algorithm for geometric model generation, with the Temple of Vesta in Tivoli chosen as a case study. Francesco Piranesi's 18th-century etchings are utilised as references to identify the architectural layout and modularity. The effectiveness of the proposed generative workflow is highlighted through its time efficiency and the reusability of the algorithm. The workflow includes the capability to generate an export file suitable for structural simulation software packages. The generated geometric model is then used to conduct nonlinear dynamic analysis using a concurrent continuous/block-based approach within a Finite Element environment. The simulations are performed with the structure in its current state and do not account for retrofitting interventions, i.e. anchorages and tie rods are not taken into account. The numerical model reveals how local failure mechanisms of columns and entablature affect the structural safety of the Vesta temple.
{"title":"Generative modelling of Monopteros and Tholos temples using existing data: The case study of Vesta temple in Tivoli","authors":"Annalaura Vuoto , Marco F. Funari , Shaghayegh Karimzadeh , Paulo B. Lourenço","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel method for generating geometric models of architectural heritage in the absence of a digital survey. The method employs a Generative Programming (GP) algorithm for geometric model generation, with the Temple of Vesta in Tivoli chosen as a case study. Francesco Piranesi's 18th-century etchings are utilised as references to identify the architectural layout and modularity. The effectiveness of the proposed generative workflow is highlighted through its time efficiency and the reusability of the algorithm. The workflow includes the capability to generate an export file suitable for structural simulation software packages. The generated geometric model is then used to conduct nonlinear dynamic analysis using a concurrent continuous/block-based approach within a Finite Element environment. The simulations are performed with the structure in its current state and do not account for retrofitting interventions, i.e. anchorages and tie rods are not taken into account. The numerical model reveals how local failure mechanisms of columns and entablature affect the structural safety of the Vesta temple.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 334-345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.016
Cesar Escobar Claros , Magali Brunet , Luc Robbiola , Barbara Salvadori , Sofia Brizzi , Emilio Cano , Blanca Ramirez , Haida Liang , Chi Shing Cheung , Piotr Targowski , Magdalena Iwanicka , Elodie Guilminot
This article looks at the conservation of historic aircraft from the Second World War, testing different coatings to protect their aluminium alloy structures from corrosion. Five different protective protection systems, including Paraloid™ B72, wax, Dinitrol™, Multi Matt Clear Lesonal™ and carboxylates, were evaluated by being applied to artefacts from WWII aircraft wrecks, in particular a wing fragment from a Supermarine Spitfire and a propeller blade from a P38 Lightning, which presented different surface conditions. The protected objects were exposed to real-life conditions (uncontrolled indoor environment). Advanced analytical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the evolution and effectiveness of the protection systems. The results showed different degrees of effectiveness for different coatings. Dinitrol™ and Lesonal™ demonstrated the best protective properties, forming thin but effective layers that enhance corrosion resistance. Carboxylates, on the other hand, proved ineffective, while Paraloid™ B72 and wax were not very effective and unsuitable for objects with original paint residues.
{"title":"Preliminary study of the anti-corrosion performance of different protection systems applied to two World War II aluminium alloy archaeological objects with different surface finishes","authors":"Cesar Escobar Claros , Magali Brunet , Luc Robbiola , Barbara Salvadori , Sofia Brizzi , Emilio Cano , Blanca Ramirez , Haida Liang , Chi Shing Cheung , Piotr Targowski , Magdalena Iwanicka , Elodie Guilminot","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article looks at the conservation of historic aircraft from the Second World War, testing different coatings to protect their aluminium alloy structures from corrosion. Five different protective protection systems, including Paraloid™ B72, wax, Dinitrol™, Multi Matt Clear Lesonal™ and carboxylates, were evaluated by being applied to artefacts from WWII aircraft wrecks, in particular a wing fragment from a Supermarine Spitfire and a propeller blade from a P38 Lightning, which presented different surface conditions. The protected objects were exposed to real-life conditions (uncontrolled indoor environment). Advanced analytical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the evolution and effectiveness of the protection systems. The results showed different degrees of effectiveness for different coatings. Dinitrol™ and Lesonal™ demonstrated the best protective properties, forming thin but effective layers that enhance corrosion resistance. Carboxylates, on the other hand, proved ineffective, while Paraloid™ B72 and wax were not very effective and unsuitable for objects with original paint residues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 419-430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.019
Leonardo Pantoja Munoz
Accurately identifying natural, organic dyes and pigments is crucial for art conservation, preservation, and historical interpretation. While past studies showcase the sensitivity and selectivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for red lake pigments using various treatments, investigations of yellow pigments and paints remain limited. This study addresses this gap by employing in-situ SERS spectroscopy, coupled with non-invasive XRF analysis, to characterise a yellow organic pigment from two historical French Lefranc & Cie catalogues. The analysis successfully identifies both samples as murexide, a pigment containing zinc as the mordant metal. This finding provides the first scientific evidence supporting Lefranc & Cie's claims of using snake excrement for pigment production. Because 19th-century literature suggests efficient extraction methods for murexide from snake excrement, definitively proving the source material in these samples remains a challenge. Beyond expanding our understanding of historical artistic practices, this discovery highlights the potential of in-situ SERS and XRF for unlocking the secrets of historical pigments. Further research is needed to refine and broaden the application of these techniques for various pigments while simultaneously considering the ethical implications of micro-invasive approaches.
{"title":"Characterisation of the pigment “Jaune Peruvien” using in-situ SERS reveals murexide-Zn(II): From guano/snake faeces to pigment palette","authors":"Leonardo Pantoja Munoz","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately identifying natural, organic dyes and pigments is crucial for art conservation, preservation, and historical interpretation. While past studies showcase the sensitivity and selectivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for red lake pigments using various treatments, investigations of yellow pigments and paints remain limited. This study addresses this gap by employing in-situ SERS spectroscopy, coupled with non-invasive XRF analysis, to characterise a yellow organic pigment from two historical French Lefranc & Cie catalogues. The analysis successfully identifies both samples as murexide, a pigment containing zinc as the mordant metal. This finding provides the first scientific evidence supporting Lefranc & Cie's claims of using snake excrement for pigment production. Because 19th-century literature suggests efficient extraction methods for murexide from snake excrement, definitively proving the source material in these samples remains a challenge. Beyond expanding our understanding of historical artistic practices, this discovery highlights the potential of in-situ SERS and XRF for unlocking the secrets of historical pigments. Further research is needed to refine and broaden the application of these techniques for various pigments while simultaneously considering the ethical implications of micro-invasive approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 197-202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.002
Zhanyun Zhu , Yaling Qin , Zhiyong Guo , Shiqi Cai , Peixin Lin , Xiaojing Wang , Jiaqi Cai , Junchang Yang
In this study, a suite of analytical techniques, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and pyrolysis - gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was employed to meticulously examine the lacquer screen excavated from Sima Jinlong's Tomb. The findings reveal a complex structure comprising multiple layers: a wooden core, two lacquer ash layers separated by a fabric layer, a primer layer, a red lacquer layer, and an outermost paint layer. Within the paint layer, orpiment, carbon black, and gypsum, with the green hue deriving from an unusual mixture of orpiment, indigo, and cinnabar - a composition rarely seen in lacquerware were identified. The study highlights the use of urushiol in the lacquer, with cinnabar added to the red lacquer layer, and ramie used in the fabric layer. Notably, the lacquer ash layer also contained hematite, in addition to previously recognized components such as bone ash, porcelain powder, and charcoal powder, marking a novel finding that has been less explored in earlier research. Through analyzing the lacquering techniques, namely Wanqi (垸漆), Buqi (布漆), Caoqi (糙漆), and Miaoqi (描漆) as documented in the Xiushilu (髹饰录), our research sheds light on the intricate lacquering processes and offers valuable insights for the conservation and restoration of such artifacts.
{"title":"Shedding new light on lacquering crafts from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386–534 CE) by revisiting the lacquer screen from Sima Jinlong's Tomb","authors":"Zhanyun Zhu , Yaling Qin , Zhiyong Guo , Shiqi Cai , Peixin Lin , Xiaojing Wang , Jiaqi Cai , Junchang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a suite of analytical techniques, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and pyrolysis - gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was employed to meticulously examine the lacquer screen excavated from Sima Jinlong's Tomb. The findings reveal a complex structure comprising multiple layers: a wooden core, two lacquer ash layers separated by a fabric layer, a primer layer, a red lacquer layer, and an outermost paint layer. Within the paint layer, orpiment, carbon black, and gypsum, with the green hue deriving from an unusual mixture of orpiment, indigo, and cinnabar - a composition rarely seen in lacquerware were identified. The study highlights the use of urushiol in the lacquer, with cinnabar added to the red lacquer layer, and ramie used in the fabric layer. Notably, the lacquer ash layer also contained hematite, in addition to previously recognized components such as bone ash, porcelain powder, and charcoal powder, marking a novel finding that has been less explored in earlier research. Through analyzing the lacquering techniques, namely <em>Wanqi (垸漆), Buqi (布漆), Caoqi (糙漆)</em>, and <em>Miaoqi (描漆)</em> as documented in the <em>Xiushilu (髹饰录)</em>, our research sheds light on the intricate lacquering processes and offers valuable insights for the conservation and restoration of such artifacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 309-319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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