Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献_第9页

The golden Mizunotype—A study of a rare example of Japanese photographic art from the late XIXth century 金色水版--对十九世纪末日本摄影艺术珍品的研究

IF 3.5 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.009

A. Povolotckaia , A. Aseeva , E. Borisov , L. Starilova , I. Grigorieva , A. Stepanova , S. Kaputkina , A. Vasileva , M. Dynnikova

In 2022 the State Museum and Exhibition Center ROSPHOTO received a cultural heritage object of significant interest—a wooden board with three children's portraits created in a rare photographic technique using gold powder.

The performed analysis of the heritage object in combination with a detailed study using a set of complementary scientific methods allowed to clarify several blind spots related to this example of Japanese photographic art: the authorship; the period of time when the portraits were created and a number of technological aspects applied to the image during its production.

The set of scientific methods, namely optical microscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, infrared spectroscopy and anatomical wood examination, was applied to the object in order to determine the content and technique of rare photographic image as well as to identify the wood type used as the base. It was found that the studied image was made via unique and rarely seen gold mizunotype technique and the portraits were created on the wooden board made of Chamaecyparis obtusa, also called Japanese cypress or Hinoki. To the best of our knowledge no detailed scientific and comprehensive study was performed for these XIX–XXth century Japanese photographic art relics. Such objects are one-of-a-kind exhibit, that is why the opportunity to come into contact with such artifacts is a huge success for all—art historians, curators and researchers.

2022 年，国立博物馆和展览中心 ROSPHOTO 接收了一件具有重要意义的文化遗产--一块木板上的三幅儿童肖像画，这是用罕见的金粉摄影技术创作的。为了确定珍稀摄影图像的内容和技术，以及确定用作底座的木材类型，我们对该文物采用了一套科学方法，即光学显微镜、X 射线荧光分析、红外光谱和解剖木材检查。研究发现，所研究的图像是通过独特且罕见的金色水印技术制作的，肖像是在由 Chamaecyparis obtusa（又称日本扁柏或桧木）制成的木板上创作的。据我们所知，对这些十九至二十世纪的日本摄影艺术文物还没有进行过详细的科学和综合研究。此类文物是独一无二的展品，因此，对于所有艺术史学家、策展人和研究人员来说，有机会接触此类文物是一次巨大的成功。

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引用次数: 0

Preliminary investigation of the painting technique of Thalia Flora-Karavia (1871–1960): The ‘Paris’ case study 对 Thalia Flora-Karavia（1871-1960 年）绘画技巧的初步研究：巴黎 "个案研究

IF 3.5 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.005

Stelios Kesidis , Agathi Anthoula Kaminari , Athena Georgia Alexopoulou , Nikolaos Zacharias

The present paper delves into the artistic evolution of Thalia Flora-Karavia, a prominent Greek painter (1871–1960) studied for the first time, with a focus on her masterpiece 'Paris'. The unconventional choice of cardboard as a substrate material underscores Flora-Karavia's adaptability and innovative spirit. The absence of preparatory underdrawings aligns her technique with impressionist tendencies, emphasizing spontaneity.

Analysis of the palette within 'Paris' reveals a careful selection of colors, predominantly grey tones, with key pigments such as Prussian blue, phthalocyanines, and lithopone. These choices, highlighted through advanced analytical methods (portable X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry, portable Raman spectroscopy, technical photography and Hyper Spectral Imaging), shed light on Flora-Karavia's deliberate and skilful manipulation of materials.

It is particularly surprising that she continues to use pigments that had largely been replaced by newer options - ones that were less harmful, more efficient, and more stable. Notably, she omits titanium white from her palette, despite its widespread adoption by painters as a basic white pigment after its development in 1918. The absence of cadmium red and yellow also reveals her clear preference for certain pigments.

The present study provides valuable information in the field of technical art history, shedding light on the materials and methods used in her work. This provides a deeper understanding of Flora-Karavia's artistic identity as depicted in her painting 'Paris'. Her adeptness at marrying innovative techniques with traditional elements shapes a distinctive oeuvre that invites further scholarly inquiry into her contextual influences and contributions to the understudied artistic landscape of Greece in the 20^th century.

本文首次对希腊著名画家 Thalia Flora-Karavia （1871-1960 年）的艺术发展历程进行研究，重点是她的代表作《巴黎》。纸板作为基底材料的非传统选择凸显了弗洛拉-卡拉维亚的适应性和创新精神。对《巴黎》调色板的分析表明，她精心选择了以灰色调为主的色彩，并使用了普鲁士蓝、酞菁和石碳酸等主要颜料。这些选择通过先进的分析方法（便携式 X 射线荧光光谱仪、便携式拉曼光谱、技术摄影和超光谱成像）得到了强调，揭示了弗洛拉-卡拉维亚对材料深思熟虑和娴熟的操作。值得注意的是，尽管钛白在 1918 年研发成功后被画家广泛用作基本的白色颜料，但她在调色板中却没有使用钛白。本研究为技术艺术史领域提供了宝贵的资料，揭示了她在创作中使用的材料和方法。本研究为技术艺术史领域提供了有价值的信息，揭示了她在创作中使用的材料和方法，从而更深入地了解了弗洛拉-卡拉维亚在油画《巴黎》中所描绘的艺术身份。她善于将创新技术与传统元素相结合，形成了自己独特的作品，值得学术界进一步研究她所受的背景影响，以及她对 20 世纪希腊未被充分研究的艺术景观的贡献。

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引用次数: 0

A methodological case study of lead resource movements during the Warring States Period and Western Han Dynasty: Applying kernel density estimation to four lead-barium glass Bi Artifacts 战国和西汉时期铅资源移动的方法论案例研究：将核密度估计应用于四件铅钡玻璃碧器

IF 3.5 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.007

Chen Wang , Sarah De Ceuster , Katherine Eremin , Sarah Laursen , Patrick Degryse

This methodological case study applies lead isotope analysis and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) to explore the provenance of four lead-barium silicate glass artifacts from the Harvard Art Museums. Through a detailed methodological framework, this study demonstrates how KDE can be used to analyze lead resource distribution and movements. The lead from one artifact, attributed to the Warring States Period, is traced to southern Chinese regions such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, or Guangxi. Two artifacts display distinctive lead isotope signatures potentially linked to materials used in the Shang Dynasty, highlighting unique methodological challenges. Another artifact exhibits anomalous lead isotopic and stylistic features, raising the possibility of it stemming from a different cultural context, possibly with lead sourced from Central China. By employing KDE in combination with lead isotope analysis, this case study not only demonstrates the effectiveness of this combination in archaeological provenance research but also offers insights into the use of lead in ancient Chinese glass production. The results reveal multiple lead sources for the glass-making industry during the Warring States Period and the Western Han Dynasty, and further suggest that certain artifacts contain highly radiogenic lead, likely sourced from South China. These findings underscore the utility of KDE as a powerful tool in both provenance studies and the authentication of museum objects.

本方法论案例研究应用铅同位素分析和核密度估计（KDE）来探索哈佛大学艺术博物馆中四件硅酸铅钡玻璃工艺品的来源。通过详细的方法框架，本研究展示了如何利用 KDE 分析铅资源的分布和移动。一件被认为是战国时期的文物中的铅可追溯到中国南方地区，如云南、贵州、广东或广西。两件文物显示出独特的铅同位素特征，可能与商代使用的材料有关，凸显了独特的方法论挑战。另一件文物显示出异常的铅同位素和风格特征，使其有可能来自不同的文化背景，铅可能来自华中地区。通过将 KDE 与铅同位素分析相结合，本案例研究不仅证明了这一组合在考古来源研究中的有效性，还为中国古代玻璃生产中铅的使用提供了启示。研究结果揭示了战国和西汉时期玻璃制造行业的多种铅来源，并进一步表明某些文物含有高辐射铅，很可能来自中国南方。这些发现强调了 KDE 作为一种强大工具在来源研究和博物馆文物鉴定中的实用性。

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引用次数: 0

A new deep eutectic solvent-based green gel for the removal of polymeric coating from mural painting 用于去除壁画聚合物涂层的新型深共晶溶剂型绿色凝胶

IF 3.5 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.006

Yiming Jia , Liangshuai Zhang , Kexin Tan , Shaohua Dong , Youzhou He , Lin Ye , Wenhua Zhao , Laiyuan Gu , Silvia Prati , Jiujiang Bai

It is challenging to extend the species of deep eutectic solvent (DES) based gels, particularly in forming non-toxic polymer gels with good mechanical properties. In this study, we propose an eutectogel system for cleaning purposes in the field of culture heritage conservation. Green gels containing ChCl-EG-GVL-PVA and ChCl-EG-PVA are produced by combining choline chloride (ChCl), ethylene glycol (EG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with or without γ-valerolactone (GVL). The crosslinking of the gels is primarily formed by ChCl-EG and PVA through hydrogen bonding. The additional green solvent GVL is compatible with the gel composition and plays an important role in cleaning. The developed gels exhibit good mechanical properties and fine microstructures, making them easy to handle and suitable for cleaning cultural relics. Therefore, the gels have been tested on a mockup coated with Paraloid B72^Ⓡ to examine their cleaning efficiency. Furthermore, the selected gel has been validated on a Yuan dynasty mural painting for the removal of aged acrylic coating. The results from both the mockup and the real case study demonstrate the effective cleaning efficiency of the ChCl-EG-GVL₂-PVA₂ gel and highlight its potential usefulness in the field of cultural heritage conservation.

扩大基于深共晶溶剂（DES）凝胶的种类，尤其是形成具有良好机械性能的无毒聚合物凝胶，是一项挑战。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种用于文化遗产保护领域清洁目的的共晶凝胶系统。通过将氯化胆碱（ChCl）、乙二醇（EG）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）与γ-戊内酯（GVL）或不与γ-戊内酯（GVL）结合，制备出含有 ChCl-EG-GVL-PVA 和 ChCl-EG-PVA 的绿色凝胶。凝胶的交联主要由 ChCl-EG 和 PVA 通过氢键形成。附加的绿色溶剂 GVL 与凝胶成分兼容，并在清洁方面发挥了重要作用。所开发的凝胶具有良好的机械性能和精细的微观结构，因此易于处理，适合用于清洗文物。因此，在涂有 Paraloid B72Ⓡ 的模型上对凝胶进行了测试，以检验其清洁效率。此外，还在一幅元代壁画上对所选凝胶进行了验证，以去除老化的丙烯酸涂层。模拟和实际案例研究的结果都证明了 ChCl-EG-GVL2-PVA2 凝胶的有效清洁效率，并突出了其在文化遗产保护领域的潜在用途。

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引用次数: 0

An electrochemical method for reinforcing marble stone: The deposition of aluminium phosphate materials 加固大理石石材的电化学方法：磷化铝材料的沉积

IF 3.5 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.004

Yu Wang , Anqi Guo , Shuqiang Xu

In recent years, aluminium phosphate has demonstrated promising results in reinforcing and protecting marble stone relics. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of permeability and coating continuity. In this study, an electrochemical deposition method was utilized to reinforce simulated weathered marble, employing diammonium phosphate as the cathodic reaction raw material and aluminium chloride as the anodic reaction raw material. The protective mechanism of this method was analyzed using SEM-EDS, and the effectiveness and compatibility were evaluated by testing wettability, surface free energy, surface roughness, porosity, acid corrosion resistance, water vapor transmission rate and color difference. The results revealed that, uniform deposition of aluminium phosphate led to a reduction in the surface free energy and porosity, but an increase in water droplet penetration time of the reinforced marble. These changes significantly improved the acid erosion resistance of the marble. Furthermore, this reinforcement method can maintain good compatibility of the reinforced marble in terms of color and breathability. The electrochemical deposition method utilizing diammonium hydrogen phosphate and aluminium chloride as the main materials exhibits substantial potential in weathering-resistant reinforcement of marble stone relics.

近年来，磷酸铝在加固和保护大理石文物方面取得了可喜的成果。然而，在渗透性和涂层连续性方面仍有改进的余地。本研究以磷酸二铵为阴极反应原料，氯化铝为阳极反应原料，采用电化学沉积法加固模拟风化大理石。利用扫描电子显微镜-电子显微镜分析了这种方法的保护机制，并通过测试润湿性、表面自由能、表面粗糙度、孔隙率、耐酸腐蚀性、水蒸气透过率和色差来评估其有效性和兼容性。结果表明，磷酸铝的均匀沉积降低了增强大理石的表面自由能和孔隙率，但增加了水滴渗透时间。这些变化大大提高了大理石的抗酸侵蚀能力。此外，这种增强方法还能使增强大理石在颜色和透气性方面保持良好的兼容性。以磷酸氢二铵和氯化铝为主要材料的电化学沉积法在大理石文物的抗风化加固方面具有巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

The hidden arsenic legacy in mid-19th century papered microscope slides 19 世纪中期纸质显微玻片中隐藏的砷遗产

IF 3.5 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.002

Leonardo Pantoja Munoz, Huw Jones

This study investigated the presence of arsenic in Victorian-era microscope slides, particularly those containing green pigments. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Raman, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) were employed to analyse the elemental composition of pigments on the slides. The analysis identified arsenic primarily in green pigments containing emerald green but also in some red pigments.

To assess the prevalence of slides potentially containing arsenic, a separate analysis was conducted examining the colour of slides in existing collections. Across two data sources, focusing on slides with accompanying images, around 10 % of slides were identified to contain green pigment. Extrapolating this prevalence to UK collections suggests a potential for hundreds of thousands of slides to contain arsenic, posing potential health risks during handling and raising concerns about proper disposal practices.

This research highlights a previously unrecognised occupational and environmental hazard associated with historical slides. The study emphasises the importance of responsible handling and disposal practices for slides containing arsenic pigments, particularly those coloured green and red, to minimise health and environmental risks. We propose guidelines for safe handling and disposal practices, alongside outreach activities to raise awareness among stakeholders.

本研究调查了维多利亚时代显微载玻片中砷的存在情况，尤其是那些含有绿色颜料的载玻片。研究采用了 X 射线荧光 (XRF)、拉曼光谱法、表面增强拉曼光谱法 (SERS) 和电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱法 (ICP-OES) 来分析玻片上颜料的元素组成。分析结果表明，砷主要存在于含有翠绿色的绿色颜料中，但也存在于一些红色颜料中。为了评估幻灯片中可能含有砷的普遍程度，我们对现有藏品中幻灯片的颜色进行了单独分析。在两个数据源中，以带有图像的幻灯片为重点，发现约 10% 的幻灯片含有绿色颜料。将这一普遍性推断到英国的藏品中，表明可能有数十万张幻灯片含有砷，在处理过程中可能会对健康造成危害，并引起人们对正确处理方法的关注。这项研究强调了负责任地处理和处置含砷颜料幻灯片（尤其是绿色和红色幻灯片）的重要性，以最大限度地降低健康和环境风险。我们提出了安全处理和处置方法的指导原则，同时还开展了宣传活动，以提高利益相关者的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Locating cracks in old toys from the 1950s crafted with an elastomeric material 找到使用弹性材料制作的上世纪 50 年代旧玩具的裂缝位置

IF 3.5 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.020

Jose A. Madrid García , Effat Yahaghi , Amir Movafeghi , Mahdi Mirzapour

Preserving soft plastic or elastomeric material toys in museums and detecting their defects have become increasingly important. Accurate information regarding cracks and fissures in these toys is essential for preservation and restoration processes. Visual inspection is typically the first step in identifying damage, and various tests such as FTIR and NIR are commonly used to assess the condition of toys with a soft or flexible texture. However, these methods do not provide the location and size of the defects. Radiographic Testing (RT) is a valuable non-destructive method that can reveal the size and location of defects and fissures in toys crafted from an elastomeric material for conservation planning. However, X-ray radiographs often appear foggy due to the low atomic number of elastomeric material and the thinness of these toys. To address this issue, a cartoon texture image processing method based on a Gaussian filter was applied to digital radiographs to enhance the imaging contrast of the original radiographs. The results demonstrate that this method effectively identifies toys' defects, fissures, and internal structures. The contrast in the reconstructed image increased threefold compared to the original radiographs, according to the line profile method in the Duplex Image Quality Indicator (DIQI) region. Additionally, the size of cracks can be estimated by comparing them with the intervals of lines in the DIQI.

保存博物馆中的软塑料或弹性材料玩具并检测其缺陷变得越来越重要。有关这些玩具裂缝的准确信息对于保存和修复过程至关重要。目测通常是识别损坏的第一步，傅立叶变换红外光谱和近红外光谱等各种测试通常用于评估质地柔软或有弹性的玩具的状况。但是，这些方法无法提供缺陷的位置和大小。射线检测（RT）是一种有价值的非破坏性方法，它可以揭示由弹性材料制成的玩具中缺陷和裂缝的大小和位置，以便制定保护计划。然而，由于弹性材料的原子序数较低以及玩具较薄，X 射线射线照片经常会出现雾状。为了解决这个问题，我们将一种基于高斯滤波器的卡通纹理图像处理方法应用于数字射线照片，以增强原始射线照片的成像对比度。结果表明，这种方法能有效识别玩具的缺陷、裂缝和内部结构。根据双工图像质量指标（DIQI）区域的线轮廓方法，重建图像的对比度比原始射线照片提高了三倍。此外，裂缝的大小可以通过与 DIQI 中的线条间隔进行比较来估算。

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引用次数: 0

Use of hand-held gamma-ray spectrometry to assess decay of granite ashlars in historical buildings of NW Spain (Barbanza, Galicia) 使用手持伽马射线光谱仪评估西班牙西北部（加利西亚，巴班萨）历史建筑中花岗岩灰岩的衰变情况

IF 3.5 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.019

Ana C. Hernández Santomé , Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez , Carlos Alves

Non-destructive methods are widely demanded in research on Cultural Heritage. In the last years, several techniques have been proposed, attempted and even routinely tried on research on assessing the deterioration of stone of Cultural Heritage buildings and monuments. We test here the use of hand-held gamma-ray spectrometry (GRS) to assess the decay of stone in two Heritage buildings. GRS is a non-destructive technique widely used in mineral exploration that provides an estimate of the environmental gamma radiation dose but also of the content of some radioisotopes of uranium, thorium and potassium in rocks and minerals. Such radioisotopes are present in very variable contents depending on the rock type. They have a different behavior when a stone overcome weathering processes, being usually the K and U leaching, while Th tends to be considered as an immobile element. We have tested GRS on two historical buildings built with granite blocks of the Peninsula of Barbanza (Galicia, NW, Spain): Santiago de Lampón and San Cristovo de Abaqueiro. The studied buildings show a mild deterioration in some façades, being an interesting study case. Measurements were carried out on the four façades of both buildings at on ashlars located at heights of 0.5, 1.5 and 2 m, above the ground, for comparing the possible effect of capillary water from underground on the weathering degree of the ashlars. The comparison of the content in K, U, and Th provides interesting results, that seems to be useful to assess the degree of decay of ashlars in buildings that shows slight differences in decay, being a non-destructive tool.

非破坏性方法在文化遗产研究中被广泛采用。在过去的几年里，已经提出、尝试甚至常规试用了多种技术来评估文化遗产建筑和古迹石材的老化情况。我们在这里测试使用手持伽马射线光谱仪（GRS）来评估两座文物建筑的石材老化情况。伽马射线光谱仪是一种广泛应用于矿产勘探的非破坏性技术，不仅可以估算环境伽马辐射剂量，还可以估算岩石和矿物中铀、钍和钾等放射性同位素的含量。这些放射性同位素的含量因岩石类型而异。当岩石经历风化过程时，它们会有不同的表现，通常是钾和铀的沥滤，而钍往往被认为是一种不可移动的元素。我们在巴班萨半岛（加利西亚，西班牙西北部）两座用花岗岩砌块建造的历史建筑上测试了 GRS：圣地亚哥-德-兰蓬（Santiago de Lampón）和圣克里斯托沃-德-阿巴凯罗（San Cristovo de Abaqueiro）。这两座建筑的部分外墙出现了轻微的老化现象，是一个有趣的研究案例。为了比较地下毛细管水对灰岩风化程度可能产生的影响，对两座建筑的四个外墙离地面 0.5 米、1.5 米和 2 米高处的灰岩进行了测量。对 K、U 和 Th 含量的比较提供了有趣的结果，这似乎有助于评估建筑物中灰岩的风化程度，因为这些灰岩的风化程度略有不同，是一种非破坏性工具。

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引用次数: 0

Technical examination of Wat Sisowath Ratanaram panel painting Wat Sisowath Ratanaram 壁画的技术检测

IF 3.5 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.018

Sokheng La , Jihyeon Yun , Kyeongmin Lee , Radchada Buntem

The technical examination on the early 20th century panel painting of Wat Sisowath Ratanaram was performed using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-RAMAN), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The investigation shows the mixture of minium, cinnabar and baryte in red preparation layer, quartz from the natural earth pigment in the underpaint layer and the pigments mixed with the additives in the paint layer. There are various pigments found in the paint layer ranging from emerald green, chalk, baryte, chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, carbon black and zinc white. Zinc white was widely utilized as the additive of green, yellow and blue paint layer. In addition, minium and carbon black were used to draw fine lines for image details. The degradation products of gypsum in the paint layer were evidenced by SEM-EDS and XRD. While the darkening of red lead in the red preparation layer was observed by OM. The trace of natural plant resin as a binding meium was found in S_Wood and S_Black samples evidencing by ATR-FTIR and Py-GC/MS. The 7 steps of painting technique were proposed by implementing all detailed scientific information.

采用光学显微镜 (OM)、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线光谱 (SEM-EDS)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、微拉曼光谱 (μ-RAMAN)、衰减全反射-傅立叶变换红外光谱 (ATR-FTIR) 和热解气相色谱-质谱 (Py-GC/MS) 对 20 世纪早期的 Wat Sisowath Ratanaram 壁画进行了技术检测。调查显示，红色准备层中含有矿石、朱砂和重晶石的混合物，底漆层中含有来自天然土颜料的石英，油漆层中含有与添加剂混合的颜料。涂料层中的颜料种类繁多，包括翡翠绿、白垩、重晶石、铬黄、群青蓝、碳黑和锌白。锌白被广泛用作绿色、黄色和蓝色漆层的添加剂。此外，矿物质和碳黑还被用于绘制图像细节的细线。涂料层中石膏的降解产物通过 SEM-EDS 和 XRD 得到了证明。OM 观察到红色制备层中的红铅变暗。通过 ATR-FTIR 和 Py-GC/MS，在 S_Wood 和 S_Black 样品中发现了天然植物树脂作为粘合剂的痕迹。通过实施所有详细的科学信息，提出了 7 个步骤的绘画技术。

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引用次数: 0

Methodology for measures of twist and crimp in canvas paintings supports and historical textiles 测量帆布绘画支撑物和历史纺织品扭曲和卷曲的方法

IF 3.5 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.016

Antonio Iaccarino Idelson, Otto Bergsma, Roger Groves

Twist and crimp values are of paramount importance to the textile industry in understanding the properties and performance of a textile, and their quantification has been a subject of study since the early 20th century. Twist and crimp are the result of how the fibers have been modified from the original bundle to shape the textile, so the industrial methods used to measure them are based on mechanically reversing such deformations. The same information is needed to study the mechanics of historical fabrics such as canvas paintings supports and historical textiles, but they are more difficult to obtain because these are often brittle and impregnated with foreign materials, less homogeneous and very limited in availability for sampling. Therefore, such fundamental parameters are usually unavailable for conservation studies.

This paper examines the protocols used in the textile industry and proposes new methods, developed from previous research, for the reliable measurement of twist and crimp in historical textiles. The twist measurement method is non-destructive as it is based on observing the textile and the fibers on the surface of the yarn. Crimp is the undulation of the interlaced yarns and its measurement is an invasive examination of the internal structure of the textile, as it requires the observation of individual yarns. Both methods, applied here to a group of historical textiles, provide data in accordance with the current parameters of the textile industry, and their use is relatively simple and inexpensive.

捻度和卷曲值对于纺织业了解纺织品的特性和性能至关重要，自 20 世纪初以来，量化捻度和卷曲值一直是一个研究课题。捻度和卷曲度是纤维如何从原始纤维束变形为纺织品的结果，因此用于测量它们的工业方法是基于机械地逆转这种变形。要研究历史织物（如帆布画支架和历史纺织品）的力学，也需要同样的信息，但这些信息更难获得，因为这些织物通常比较脆，浸渍了外来材料，不太均匀，而且取样非常有限。因此，这些基本参数通常无法用于保存研究。本文研究了纺织行业使用的规程，并提出了根据以往研究开发的新方法，用于可靠测量历史纺织品的捻度和卷曲度。捻度测量方法是非破坏性的，因为它基于对纺织品和纱线表面纤维的观察。卷曲是纱线交错的起伏，其测量需要观察单根纱线，因此是对纺织品内部结构的侵入性检查。这两种方法都适用于一组历史悠久的纺织品，提供的数据符合当前纺织业的参数，而且使用起来相对简单、成本低廉。

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引用次数: 0