Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology最新文献

Background: Energy-based photoelectric and ultrasonic devices are essential for skin rejuvenation and resurfacing in the field of plastic surgery and dermatology. Both functionality and appearance are impacted by factors that cause skin to age, and various energy types have variable skin penetration depths and modes of transmission.

Aim: The objective is to advise safe and efficient antiaging treatment while precisely and sensitively controlling and assessing the extent of thermal damage to tissues caused by different kinds of energy-based devices.

Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed to review the mechanisms of action and thermal effects of photoelectric and ultrasonic devices in skin remodeling applications.

Results: This paper reviews the thermal effects of energy-based devices in skin resurfacing applications, including the tissue level and molecular biochemical level. It seeks to summarize the distribution form, depth of action, and influencing factors of thermal effects in combination with the mechanisms of action of various types of devices.

Conclusion: Accurate control of thermal damage is crucial for safe and effective skin remodeling treatments. Thorough investigation of molecular biochemical indicators and signaling pathways is needed for real-time monitoring and prevention of severe thermal injury. Ongoing research and technological advancements will improve the accuracy and control of thermal damage during treatments.

Aim: To compare and evaluate the differences between EGCG and phosphatidylcholine-encapsulated EGCG in terms of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities.

Methods: In this study, transdermal absorption experiments were conducted to compare the absorption capacity of EGCG and phosphatidylcholine-encapsulated EGCG. Subsequently, the disparity in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy between EGCG and phosphatidylcholine-encapsulated EGCG were evaluated through cytotoxicity experiments, as well as the determination of cellular inflammatory factors and the measurement of ROS content under different treatment conditions.

Results: The concentration of EGCG, encapsulated in phosphatidylcholine, in porcine skin is 40.76 ± 1.29 μg/cm², which is significantly higher than the concentration of EGCG alone (31.62 ± 2.01 μg/cm²). Also, the ability of phosphatidylcholine-encapsulated EGCG to suppress inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was notably superior to that of EGCG alone. Both phosphatidylcholine-encapsulated EGCG and EGCG showed excellent ROS scavenging ability in terms of antioxidant capacity.

Conclusion: The percutaneous absorption and anti-inflammatory impact of EGCG encapsulated within phosphatidylcholine were substantially enhanced when compared to EGCG by itself. Additionally, both formulations exhibited enhanced ROS scavenging capacities, albeit the variance between them was not pronounced. These insights furnish a vital theoretical underpinning for the utilization of phosphatidylcholine-encapsulated EGCG in cosmetic applications, specifically for fostering products with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.

The cover image is based on the article Eighty-three facial landmarks for facial image alignment by Weng Yu-Ching et al https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.16449.

Background: The side effects of two related chemicals, ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) and thioglycolic acid (TGA) have been widely highlighted in the world of cosmetics. These thioglycolate compounds are considered essential ingredients in a new technique known as brow lamination. This technique is widely used nowadays, with the aim of changing the eyebrow shape.

Aims: To our knowledge, this is the first study to address the possible side effects of brow lamination.

Results: The hydrophilic characteristic of ATG and TGA reflects their transdermal absorption through the intracellular and transappendageal pathways. These compounds can affect the skin through allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), characterized by skin irritation, dryness, and erythema. Moreover, these thioglycolates can alter several mechanical and chemical reactions in the eyebrows' hair, therefore affecting their shape, structure, and pigmentation. In addition, these chemicals contained in brow lamination can exert systemic manifestations, at the level of the reproductive, ocular, respiratory, and endocrine systems.

Conclusion: More studies should be elaborated to shed light on the possible side effects of this trend. Additionally, further regulations should be taken into consideration to ensure the concentration and the measures applied are convenient to minimize these side effects.

Welcome to your November 2024 issue of the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. It is hard to imagine that we are now in November—this year has truly flown by for most of us. We are very proud of where we have come with JCD—from just another journal in dermatology to one of the go-to publication outlets in all of dermatology and a leader in the aesthetic and cosmetic space that we love so dearly. Our submissions for publication continue to rise, the rates at which we evaluate and hopefully publish your work continue to be the envy of many, and the quality of our submissions continues to rise as well.

JCD will continue to strive for excellence in all we do and we thank you all for trusting us with your research articles, your clinical commentaries, your review articles, and your letters, which all enhance JCD.

Thank you

Background: There currently exists no consensus on objective features which are relevant in the assessment of overall lip health.

Aims: This study seeks to identify features and factors that are associated with healthy lips. This survey will ultimately enable clinicians to objectively track lip health for clinical evaluations and clinical research.

Methods: An anonymous survey was conducted among allied healthcare professionals in-person and through email. The survey contained questions designed to assess the importance of features of lip health using a 5-point Likert scale. Features included lack of lip dryness; even tone or lack of hyperpigmentation; lip smoothness; lip color; lip shine, radiance, or luster; definition of the vermillion border/defined lip contour; lip fullness or plumpness; lack of lip lines; and lip firmness. The final questions prompted respondents to select the top three most important features when assessing lip health and to provide any additional pertinent factors.

Results: A total of 334 responses were received, including board-certified dermatologists (35.9%), dermatology residents (14.7%), and other healthcare specialties (49.4%). The features most cited were lack of lip dryness (65.8%), lip smoothness (38.4%), even tone or lack of hyperpigmentation (38.1%), definition of the vermillion border/defined lip contour (28.0%). Survey results reveal that lip dryness, lip smoothness, lack of hyperpigmentation, and definition of the vermillion border/defined lip contour were the features most associated with lip health.

Conclusion: The results from this survey will provide a basis for future research in the field of lip health, research, and clinical treatment.

Background: The occurrence of scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is closely related to the production of sebum and scalp barrier function. Supramolecular salicylic acid has the keratolytic and anti-inflammatory properties, and zinc pyrithione is an antifungal drug delivered as a microparticle to skin epithelia.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of 2% supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) combined with 0.8% zinc pyrithione conditioner (SSA-ZP) in treating scalp SD focusing on key outcome measures including sebum levels and scalp barrier function.

Methods: Five patients with mild to moderate scalp SD were included in the 2-week self-controlled prospective study, receiving daily SSA-ZP treatment. Evaluation on days 0, 7, and 14 included dermoscopy, the adherent scalp flaking scale (ASFS), sebum level, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), pH, and stratum corneum hydration. We also performed the fungal count across specific scalp regions, such as the left and right sides of the forehead, the top of the head, and the occiput.

Results: Five patients with mild to moderate scalp SD participated in this study. After 2 weeks of SSA-ZP treatment, significant reductions in ASFS scores, sebum levels, and fungal count were observed, alongside improvements in TEWL and pH values across multiple scalp regions. Moreover, there was no difference in the hydration of stratum corneum.

Conclusion: SSA-ZP demonstrated efficacy in treating scalp SD without adverse effects, suggesting its potential as a first-line treatment option. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is warranted to validate these findings.

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are widely used in aesthetic medicine, but their in vivo behavior and long-term effects are not fully understood.

Aims: To review the decomposition and changes occurring in the body following HA filler injections, focusing on crosslinking agents, degradation processes, and tissue responses.

Methods: This review analyzed oxidative and enzymatic degradation processes of HA fillers, evaluated the impact of 1,4-Butanediol Diglycidyl Ether (BDDE) crosslinking, and examined histological changes post-injection.

Results: Uncrosslinked HA degrades rapidly due to endogenous hyaluronidase, while crosslinked HA undergoes slower degradation via free radicals and hyaluronidase. Complete cross-linking (C-MoD) showed better durability compared to partially cross-linked BDDE (P-MoD). The concept of modification efficiency (MoE) was proposed to optimize filler safety and viscoelastic properties. Histological analysis revealed collagen capsule formation and autologous tissue replacement, affecting long-term outcomes. The degree of chemical modification (MoD) influences filler durability and safety, with concerns raised about potential delayed immune reactions from accumulated pendent BDDE.

Conclusions: Clinicians should consider injection site, tissue conditions, and filler properties for safe and effective HA filler use. Emphasizing thorough BDDE removal and optimal crosslinking can enhance treatment safety and efficacy. The balance between achieving desired viscoelastic properties and minimizing potential risks is crucial. Future studies should include diverse ethnic groups to validate findings and further explore long-term tissue responses to HA fillers.

Background: An in-depth and detailed facial assessment is critical in treating and achieving desirable dermal filler and neurotoxin results.

Methods: An acronym called A.S.S.E.S.S. simplifies an often complex and overwhelming amount of data needed to assimilate when performing facial filler and neurotoxin injections. Applying this method to patients in six simple steps provides a starting point and offers a guideline to capture key details for a more comprehensive facial assessment. The A.S.S.E.S.S. acronym stands for animate, shape, side, external, symmetry, and shadows and is helpful in following a methodical approach in analyzing facial shape, profile, and natural facial curves in both static and dynamic states.

Results: Following a regimented A.S.S.E.S.S. approach prior to treating filler and neurotoxin patients allows providers a straightforward guide to achieve a desirable facial shape and profile.

Conclusion: This stepwise facial assessment establishes a logical and detailed approach to ensure the important aspects of facial details are appreciated in creating reliable and pleasing filler and neurotoxin results.

Background: Telangiectasia is a prominent feature of rosacea leading to a high demand for effective treatment. To ensure consistent clinical and scientific evaluations and assess treatment response accurately, standardized assessment tools are necessary for grading the severity of telangiectasia. However, no validated grading scales for this condition are currently available.

Aim: To develop and validate a photonumeric scale for assessing the severity of telangiectasia in rosacea patients.

Methods: The five-point photonumeric Telangiectasia in Rosacea Severity Assessment (TRoSA) scale was developed for the severity of telangiectasia in rosacea. Sixteen experts participated in the validation process, evaluating 50 images of rosacea patients in two rounds. Interrater and intrarater reliability were analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted kappa, respectively.

Results: Interrater reliability was found to be "almost perfect" in both validation rounds (Round 1: ICC 0.847; Round 2: ICC 0.828). The mean weighted kappa indicated "substantial" intrarater reliability between the two rounds with a weighted kappa of 0.719. A bubble plot of the two rounds illustrated a diagonal order, confirming the consistency of the intrarater agreement.

Conclusions: The TRoSA scale demonstrated high interrater and intrarater reliability indicating that it is a consistent and reproducible tool for grading the severity of telangiectasia in rosacea. This scale can standardize clinical assessments, assisting in diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.