A simple and minimally invasive combined procedure, including transconjunctival orbital fat removal and transcutaneous resected orbital fat injection, was performed based on the anatomical characteristics of the lower eyelids in our young Chinese patients. Our study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of this procedure in our study population.
Methods
In our retrospective study, a total of 183 consecutive patients underwent a combination of traditional transconjunctival blepharoplasty and nanofat grafting between February 2020 and June 2024. After transconjunctival septal fat removal, the resected orbital fat was processed into fat emulsion (nanofat) and then injected percutaneously into the depressed tear trough zone.
Results
The mean age of the 183 patients was 26.9 years old, and the average surgery time was 36.1 min. The mean volume of nanofat injected for bilateral lower eyelids in each patient was 1.1 mL. All the patients were followed for at least 6 months after surgery, and the subjective patient satisfaction was 96.6% (175/183) with fewer complications. In the objective assessment of the surgical outcomes according to the five anatomical elements of lower eyelids, orbital fat prolapse, tear trough depression and dark circles were all improved, orbicularis prominence was more evident, while skin elasticity did not vary significantly after operation.
Conclusion
Our study provided a simple, effective, and safe combination of transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty and percutaneous nanofat grafting for the treatment of lower eyelid bags with high patient satisfaction, quick recovery and low complication rate. Thus, this combined application may be a promising alternative choice for the young Chinese with lower eyelid bags.
{"title":"A Combination of Conventional Transconjunctival Lower Blepharoplasty and Percutaneous Nanofat Grafting in a Young Chinese Population With Eyelid Bags and Tear Trough Deformities","authors":"Chuanbo Liu, Zhiyuan Wu, Liang Tang, Zijing Zhang, Jinsheng Li, Xiaofang Sun","doi":"10.1111/jocd.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jocd.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A simple and minimally invasive combined procedure, including transconjunctival orbital fat removal and transcutaneous resected orbital fat injection, was performed based on the anatomical characteristics of the lower eyelids in our young Chinese patients. Our study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of this procedure in our study population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In our retrospective study, a total of 183 consecutive patients underwent a combination of traditional transconjunctival blepharoplasty and nanofat grafting between February 2020 and June 2024. After transconjunctival septal fat removal, the resected orbital fat was processed into fat emulsion (nanofat) and then injected percutaneously into the depressed tear trough zone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of the 183 patients was 26.9 years old, and the average surgery time was 36.1 min. The mean volume of nanofat injected for bilateral lower eyelids in each patient was 1.1 mL. All the patients were followed for at least 6 months after surgery, and the subjective patient satisfaction was 96.6% (175/183) with fewer complications. In the objective assessment of the surgical outcomes according to the five anatomical elements of lower eyelids, orbital fat prolapse, tear trough depression and dark circles were all improved, orbicularis prominence was more evident, while skin elasticity did not vary significantly after operation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study provided a simple, effective, and safe combination of transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty and percutaneous nanofat grafting for the treatment of lower eyelid bags with high patient satisfaction, quick recovery and low complication rate. Thus, this combined application may be a promising alternative choice for the young Chinese with lower eyelid bags.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scalp itch without evident cause is an uncomfortable symptom that annoys many people in life but lacks adequate attention in academic.
Aims
To investigate the relationship between scalp itching and microorganisms, and identify the key microbes and predicted functions associated with scalp itching, furtherly to provide useful targets for scalp itch solution.
Methods
We performed microbial comparison between 44 normal subjects and 89 subjects having scalp itching problem with un-identified origin based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and ddPCR (digital droplet PCR), and identified itch relevant microbes and predicted functions. To minimize false positive findings, another 43 itchy subjects were used for independent validation.
Results
The three most abundant bacterial genus Cutibacterium, Lawsonella, Staphylococcus and predominant fungi Malassezia were not significantly different between the normal and itchy subjects, but an imbalance between Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus occurred in itchy scalp. As the predominant function contributor in the community, various Cutibacterium ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) were detected in itchy or normal subjects with low abundance and were subject specific. Some non-resident microbes from environment such as Leptolyngbya ANT.L52.2 and Pseudomonas were enhanced in itchy scalp and occupied an important ecological niche. The severity of itch was alleviated when these low abundant and low subject coverage ASVs were reduced or diminished.
Conclusions
Our findings raise the attention to (1) the ratio of Cutibacterium to Staphylococcus and (2) the low abundant bacteria on scalp, and provide potential solutions to ease scalp itch.
{"title":"The Disturbed Microbial Niches of Itchy Scalp","authors":"Xuejing Li, Fang Yang, Yingxin Ma, Mengmeng Zhang, Yan Zhang, Menghui Zhang","doi":"10.1111/jocd.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jocd.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scalp itch without evident cause is an uncomfortable symptom that annoys many people in life but lacks adequate attention in academic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the relationship between scalp itching and microorganisms, and identify the key microbes and predicted functions associated with scalp itching, furtherly to provide useful targets for scalp itch solution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed microbial comparison between 44 normal subjects and 89 subjects having scalp itching problem with un-identified origin based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and ddPCR (digital droplet PCR), and identified itch relevant microbes and predicted functions. To minimize false positive findings, another 43 itchy subjects were used for independent validation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The three most abundant bacterial genus <i>Cutibacterium</i>, <i>Lawsonella, Staphylococcus</i> and predominant fungi <i>Malassezia</i> were not significantly different between the normal and itchy subjects, but an imbalance between <i>Cutibacterium</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i> occurred in itchy scalp. As the predominant function contributor in the community, various <i>Cutibacterium</i> ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) were detected in itchy or normal subjects with low abundance and were subject specific. Some non-resident microbes from environment such as <i>Leptolyngbya ANT.L52.2</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> were enhanced in itchy scalp and occupied an important ecological niche. The severity of itch was alleviated when these low abundant and low subject coverage ASVs were reduced or diminished.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings raise the attention to (1) the ratio of <i>Cutibacterium</i> to <i>Staphylococcus</i> and (2) the low abundant bacteria on scalp, and provide potential solutions to ease scalp itch.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Je-Young Park, ChoonShik Youn, Chanwoo Lee, Kyou Chae Lee, Heawon Shin, Kkot Bora Yeom, Juhyuk Park, Sungkyu Jung, Joo Ha Kim, Wonkyu Hong
Background
Intradermal injection of CPM-HA20G, a low-viscoelasticity hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal filler with glycerol, has been shown to be effective for facial rejuvenation in Caucasians, but research in Asians is limited.
Aims
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CPM-HA20G in enhancing facial skin quality in Korean women using a protocol developed by local aesthetic experts.
Patients/Methods
In this 24-week prospective, single-arm, open-label study, 20 women received CPM-HA20G injections in the immediate subdermal layer on the anterior cheek (1 mL per side; total 2 mL) in three sessions every 4 weeks. Evaluations included biophysical assessments covering the four emergent perceptual categories (EPCs) for skin quality and subjective assessment using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale.
Results
Significant improvements in skin glow (skin gloss, epidermal hydration), skin firmness (dermal elasticity, dermal hydration), skin surface evenness (average pore volume, pore area, pore density, pore count, maximum pore depth, total pore volume, skin roughness, sebum secretion, and skin depression volume), skin tone evenness (skin color brightness, skin redness), and transepidermal water loss were observed at Week 12 and Week 24 following the first injection with CPM-HA20G. Most subjects and investigators reported improvements in overall aesthetic appearance with the treatment, with a 100% improvement rating from both groups at Week 12. No serious adverse reactions were observed.
Conclusions
Our study provides real-world insights into the effectiveness and safety of CPM-HA20G in improving facial skin quality in an Asian population, evaluated through both objective and subjective assessments.
{"title":"Facial Skin Quality Improvement After Treatment With CPM-HA20G: Clinical Experience in Korea","authors":"Je-Young Park, ChoonShik Youn, Chanwoo Lee, Kyou Chae Lee, Heawon Shin, Kkot Bora Yeom, Juhyuk Park, Sungkyu Jung, Joo Ha Kim, Wonkyu Hong","doi":"10.1111/jocd.16795","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jocd.16795","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intradermal injection of CPM-HA20G, a low-viscoelasticity hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal filler with glycerol, has been shown to be effective for facial rejuvenation in Caucasians, but research in Asians is limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CPM-HA20G in enhancing facial skin quality in Korean women using a protocol developed by local aesthetic experts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patients/Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this 24-week prospective, single-arm, open-label study, 20 women received CPM-HA20G injections in the immediate subdermal layer on the anterior cheek (1 mL per side; total 2 mL) in three sessions every 4 weeks. Evaluations included biophysical assessments covering the four emergent perceptual categories (EPCs) for skin quality and subjective assessment using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant improvements in skin glow (skin gloss, epidermal hydration), skin firmness (dermal elasticity, dermal hydration), skin surface evenness (average pore volume, pore area, pore density, pore count, maximum pore depth, total pore volume, skin roughness, sebum secretion, and skin depression volume), skin tone evenness (skin color brightness, skin redness), and transepidermal water loss were observed at Week 12 and Week 24 following the first injection with CPM-HA20G. Most subjects and investigators reported improvements in overall aesthetic appearance with the treatment, with a 100% improvement rating from both groups at Week 12. No serious adverse reactions were observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study provides real-world insights into the effectiveness and safety of CPM-HA20G in improving facial skin quality in an Asian population, evaluated through both objective and subjective assessments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ferial Fanian, Gabriela Casabona, Emanuele Bartoletti, Hugues Cartier, Marina Landau, Hassan Galadari, Fotini Bageorgou, Alexandra Ogilvie, Elina Theodorakopoulou, Ariana Arteaga, Hilal Gokalp, Philippe Hamida Pisal, Ingrid Gerhke Lopez, Gabriel Rucinski, Myriam Chebbah, Solenn Le Clanche, Alice-Anaïs Varlet, Natalia Sukmanskaya, Hanane Issa, Valerie Philippon, Alexander Stratigos
Objective
NCTF135HA, a versatile polyrevitalizing solution, is a potent agent for enhancing skin quality, radiance, moisture, vitality, and diminishing fine wrinkles caused by aging factors. Data demonstrate a divergence in its application from skin quality enhancement to treatment of vitiligo lesions. To know more precisely about the protocol of use among providers, alone or in combination with other procedures, we performed an international survey.
Method
A Steering Committee of dermatologists, aesthetic surgeons, and physicians developed a 32-question questionnaire based on a literature review. Hosted online from January to March 2024, it targeted healthcare professionals experienced in polyrevitalization. Responses were analyzed anonymously and reported descriptively.
Results
Practitioners adopt a balanced approach: half of their patients receiving classic Polyrevitalization (NCTF135HA alone) and the other half undergoing combination therapy (NCTF135HA with another aesthetic procedure). Most administer NCTF135HA across multiple sessions, typically three (39.7%). In combination therapy, 55.5% of practitioners use NCTF135HA for medical purposes, targeting Melasma (53.1%) and Rosacea (45.0%) for instance. Aesthetic use is prevalent, with 94.2% employing NCTF135HA for skin wrinkles (79.9%), and refreshment, rejuvenation, and hydration (73.4%). Combining NCTF135HA with hyaluronic acid (71.2%) and botulinum toxin (49.1%) is common, alongside microneedling (50.2%), peelings (32.4%), and fractional radiofrequency (25.6%).
Limitations and Conclusion
Our survey showed a homogenous distribution of NCTF135HA utilization, indicating a consensus on its application across diverse demographics. This consistency highlights its widespread acknowledgment and efficacy in various aesthetic and clinical settings. Limitations include a large respondent group from Mexico and many respondents with less than 10 years of experience.
{"title":"An International Survey on the Use of a Polyrevitalizing Solution With or Without Other Aesthetic Procedures in the Daily Practice of Aesthetic Physicians","authors":"Ferial Fanian, Gabriela Casabona, Emanuele Bartoletti, Hugues Cartier, Marina Landau, Hassan Galadari, Fotini Bageorgou, Alexandra Ogilvie, Elina Theodorakopoulou, Ariana Arteaga, Hilal Gokalp, Philippe Hamida Pisal, Ingrid Gerhke Lopez, Gabriel Rucinski, Myriam Chebbah, Solenn Le Clanche, Alice-Anaïs Varlet, Natalia Sukmanskaya, Hanane Issa, Valerie Philippon, Alexander Stratigos","doi":"10.1111/jocd.16623","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jocd.16623","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NCTF135HA, a versatile polyrevitalizing solution, is a potent agent for enhancing skin quality, radiance, moisture, vitality, and diminishing fine wrinkles caused by aging factors. Data demonstrate a divergence in its application from skin quality enhancement to treatment of vitiligo lesions. To know more precisely about the protocol of use among providers, alone or in combination with other procedures, we performed an international survey.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A Steering Committee of dermatologists, aesthetic surgeons, and physicians developed a 32-question questionnaire based on a literature review. Hosted online from January to March 2024, it targeted healthcare professionals experienced in polyrevitalization. Responses were analyzed anonymously and reported descriptively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Practitioners adopt a balanced approach: half of their patients receiving classic Polyrevitalization (NCTF135HA alone) and the other half undergoing combination therapy (NCTF135HA with another aesthetic procedure). Most administer NCTF135HA across multiple sessions, typically three (39.7%). In combination therapy, 55.5% of practitioners use NCTF135HA for medical purposes, targeting Melasma (53.1%) and Rosacea (45.0%) for instance. Aesthetic use is prevalent, with 94.2% employing NCTF135HA for skin wrinkles (79.9%), and refreshment, rejuvenation, and hydration (73.4%). Combining NCTF135HA with hyaluronic acid (71.2%) and botulinum toxin (49.1%) is common, alongside microneedling (50.2%), peelings (32.4%), and fractional radiofrequency (25.6%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Limitations and Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our survey showed a homogenous distribution of NCTF135HA utilization, indicating a consensus on its application across diverse demographics. This consistency highlights its widespread acknowledgment and efficacy in various aesthetic and clinical settings. Limitations include a large respondent group from Mexico and many respondents with less than 10 years of experience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocd.16623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian Li, Yuan-cheng Huang, Jian-ming Deng, Min Yu, Christos C. Zouboulis, Guang-Li Wang, Jing Wang
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Excessive lipogenesis of the skin triggers some dermatological concerns, such as enlarged pores, acne, and blackheads. Although topical drug treatments can offer temporary relief, their prolonged usage may lead to side effects of dryness, irritation, or allergic reactions. Consequently, the development of safer and efficacious ingredients in cosmetics for managing sebum overproduction represents a significant yet challenging endeavor.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Saponins were extracted from tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) seed meal and purified by macroporous resin in order to investigate the impact of tea seed saponins (TSS) on lipid production in human immortalized sebaceous cells. Moreover, we attempted to reveal the underlying mechanism of TSS on the sebosuppression effect in SZ95 sebocytes stimulated by linoleic acid (LA).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>The compositions and chemical structures of TSS were determined using UV–vis absorption spectrum, Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectrum, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. An in vitro model of cellular lipid accumulation induced by LA was established. Total lipid synthesis in intracellular SZ95 sebocytes was assessed through Nile Red staining, while triglyceride, cholesterol, and fatty acids were quantified by commercially assay kits. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were employed to analyze the protein expression levels involved in the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as well as the downstream protein and mRNA expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and fatty acid synthase (FAS). The localizations of SREBP-1 within the cytoplasm or nucleus were characterized using immunofluorescence staining.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Five saponins were identified in the extracted TSS, all of which were oleanic acid-type pentacyclic triterpenes. TSS treatment significantly alleviated LA-induced lipid accumulation in SZ95 sebocytes. In addition, TSS activated the AMPK/mTOR pathway and downregulated the downstream protein and mRNA expression of transcription factors and enzymes, including SREBP-1, PPARγ, and FAS. Moreover, the TSS blocked the nuclear transfer of SREBP-1 from cytoplasm to nucleus.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3>
{"title":"Tea (Camellia sinensis) Seed Saponins Act as Sebosuppression Agents via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway","authors":"Jian Li, Yuan-cheng Huang, Jian-ming Deng, Min Yu, Christos C. Zouboulis, Guang-Li Wang, Jing Wang","doi":"10.1111/jocd.16793","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jocd.16793","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Excessive lipogenesis of the skin triggers some dermatological concerns, such as enlarged pores, acne, and blackheads. Although topical drug treatments can offer temporary relief, their prolonged usage may lead to side effects of dryness, irritation, or allergic reactions. Consequently, the development of safer and efficacious ingredients in cosmetics for managing sebum overproduction represents a significant yet challenging endeavor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Saponins were extracted from tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) seed meal and purified by macroporous resin in order to investigate the impact of tea seed saponins (TSS) on lipid production in human immortalized sebaceous cells. Moreover, we attempted to reveal the underlying mechanism of TSS on the sebosuppression effect in SZ95 sebocytes stimulated by linoleic acid (LA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The compositions and chemical structures of TSS were determined using UV–vis absorption spectrum, Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectrum, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. An in vitro model of cellular lipid accumulation induced by LA was established. Total lipid synthesis in intracellular SZ95 sebocytes was assessed through Nile Red staining, while triglyceride, cholesterol, and fatty acids were quantified by commercially assay kits. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were employed to analyze the protein expression levels involved in the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as well as the downstream protein and mRNA expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and fatty acid synthase (FAS). The localizations of SREBP-1 within the cytoplasm or nucleus were characterized using immunofluorescence staining.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five saponins were identified in the extracted TSS, all of which were oleanic acid-type pentacyclic triterpenes. TSS treatment significantly alleviated LA-induced lipid accumulation in SZ95 sebocytes. In addition, TSS activated the AMPK/mTOR pathway and downregulated the downstream protein and mRNA expression of transcription factors and enzymes, including SREBP-1, PPARγ, and FAS. Moreover, the TSS blocked the nuclear transfer of SREBP-1 from cytoplasm to nucleus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masoumeh Roohaninasab, Zeinab Mahdi, Sona Zare, Abbas Dehghani, Azadeh Goodarzi, Niloufar Najar Nobari, Roya Zeinali, Maryam Nouri, Zahra Ebrahimi, Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh, Elham Behrangi
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>There is no definitive solution for the treatment of striae distensae (SD), and effectiveness of each treatment method remains controversial. We aimed to investigate and compare the efficacy of the combination of Erbium YAG (Er:YAG) laser and stromal vascular fraction (SVF), the combination of Er:YAG laser and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and Er:YAG laser plus saline in the treatment of SD.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Materials and Methods</h3> <p>In 12 participating patients with at least three lesions (36 lesions in total), each lesion was treated with an Er:YAG laser. SVF was randomly injected intradermally for the first lesion, PRP for the second lesion, and normal saline as placebo for the third lesion. Treatment duration was one session, and the safety and efficacy of the treatment was assessed 3 months later using the following items: evaluation of biometric parameters including corneometery, erythema, melanin, tewametery, color, cutometery, complete thickness, epidermal thickness, dermal thickness, complete density, epidermal density, and dermal density; assessment of patient and physician satisfaction using Likert score; and recording of adverse effects of treatment.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The study involved 12 patients (evaluating 36 lesions in total), predominantly women (83%), with an average age of 39.16 years. The analysis revealed significant improvements in biometric indices, including complete thickness, epidermal thickness, dermal thickness, and R5 cutometer readings across all groups after the intervention. Notably, the SVF and PRP groups showed statistically significant enhancements in dermal and complete density compared to the placebo group. The SVF group demonstrated a significant increase in epidermal density (from 45.95 to 51.19, <i>p</i> = 0.001), unlike the PRP and placebo groups which showed nonsignificant changes. Comparing the average changes in biometric factors, the SVF group exhibited significantly greater increases in complete thickness, dermal thickness, complete density, epidermal density, and dermal density than the other groups. Both patient and physician satisfaction scores were highest in the SVF group (<i>p</i> = 0.001), with no significant posttreatment complications reported.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Our results showed that the combination of Er:YAG laser and SVF injection could be considered an effective and safe treatment method in the treatment of SD.</p> </section> <section>
{"title":"Evaluation and Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Erbium YAG Laser Along With Normal Saline vs. Its Combination With Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in the Treatment of Striae Distensae: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Masoumeh Roohaninasab, Zeinab Mahdi, Sona Zare, Abbas Dehghani, Azadeh Goodarzi, Niloufar Najar Nobari, Roya Zeinali, Maryam Nouri, Zahra Ebrahimi, Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh, Elham Behrangi","doi":"10.1111/jocd.16757","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jocd.16757","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is no definitive solution for the treatment of striae distensae (SD), and effectiveness of each treatment method remains controversial. We aimed to investigate and compare the efficacy of the combination of Erbium YAG (Er:YAG) laser and stromal vascular fraction (SVF), the combination of Er:YAG laser and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and Er:YAG laser plus saline in the treatment of SD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 12 participating patients with at least three lesions (36 lesions in total), each lesion was treated with an Er:YAG laser. SVF was randomly injected intradermally for the first lesion, PRP for the second lesion, and normal saline as placebo for the third lesion. Treatment duration was one session, and the safety and efficacy of the treatment was assessed 3 months later using the following items: evaluation of biometric parameters including corneometery, erythema, melanin, tewametery, color, cutometery, complete thickness, epidermal thickness, dermal thickness, complete density, epidermal density, and dermal density; assessment of patient and physician satisfaction using Likert score; and recording of adverse effects of treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study involved 12 patients (evaluating 36 lesions in total), predominantly women (83%), with an average age of 39.16 years. The analysis revealed significant improvements in biometric indices, including complete thickness, epidermal thickness, dermal thickness, and R5 cutometer readings across all groups after the intervention. Notably, the SVF and PRP groups showed statistically significant enhancements in dermal and complete density compared to the placebo group. The SVF group demonstrated a significant increase in epidermal density (from 45.95 to 51.19, <i>p</i> = 0.001), unlike the PRP and placebo groups which showed nonsignificant changes. Comparing the average changes in biometric factors, the SVF group exhibited significantly greater increases in complete thickness, dermal thickness, complete density, epidermal density, and dermal density than the other groups. Both patient and physician satisfaction scores were highest in the SVF group (<i>p</i> = 0.001), with no significant posttreatment complications reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results showed that the combination of Er:YAG laser and SVF injection could be considered an effective and safe treatment method in the treatment of SD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Doxepin (DX) is used orally to relieve itching but can cause side effects like blurred vision, dry mouth, and drowsiness due to its antimuscarinic effect. To reduce these adverse effects and improve skin permeation, DX is being developed in topical formulations. This study aims to improve DX skin absorption by developing a microemulsion (ME) formulation (ME-DX).
Method and Materials
ME formulations containing 5% DX were prepared using the phase diagram method with a mixture of essential oil (oleic acid), surfactant (Tween 80 and Labrazol), and cosurfactant (propylene glycol or PG). The physicochemical properties of these formulations were assessed to improve the topical application of DX.
Results
ME droplet sizes ranged from 9.8 to 61.6 nm, with viscosities between 114 and 239 cps. Studies showed a significant correlation between DX release percentages and viscosity. ME-DX-2 released 46.51% of the drug after 24 h. Selected ME-DX formulations demonstrated Weibull, Log Wagner, and zero-order release kinetics, and improved skin permeability. ME-DX-8 exhibited an eightfold increase in Jss and P parameters compared to the control group. MEs maintained 99.9% of DX after 6 months without color changes or phase separation, indicating long-term stability.
Conclusion
This research demonstrates that altering the content and composition of MEs can change the physicochemical properties and permeability characteristics of DX when introduced into rats. Additionally, ME formulation shows promise as an effective vehicle for topical DX delivery in atopic dermatitis treatment.
{"title":"Design, Preparation, and Ex Vivo Skin Permeation of Doxepin Microemulsion System for Topical Delivery","authors":"Hossein Heidari Kaydan, Eskandar Moghimipour, Hossein Dalvand, Nasibeh Jamali, Arghavan Salimi, Anayatollah Salimi","doi":"10.1111/jocd.16786","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jocd.16786","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Doxepin (DX) is used orally to relieve itching but can cause side effects like blurred vision, dry mouth, and drowsiness due to its antimuscarinic effect. To reduce these adverse effects and improve skin permeation, DX is being developed in topical formulations. This study aims to improve DX skin absorption by developing a microemulsion (ME) formulation (ME-DX).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method and Materials</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ME formulations containing 5% DX were prepared using the phase diagram method with a mixture of essential oil (oleic acid), surfactant (Tween 80 and Labrazol), and cosurfactant (propylene glycol or PG). The physicochemical properties of these formulations were assessed to improve the topical application of DX.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ME droplet sizes ranged from 9.8 to 61.6 nm, with viscosities between 114 and 239 cps. Studies showed a significant correlation between DX release percentages and viscosity. ME-DX-2 released 46.51% of the drug after 24 h. Selected ME-DX formulations demonstrated Weibull, Log Wagner, and zero-order release kinetics, and improved skin permeability. ME-DX-8 exhibited an eightfold increase in <i>J</i>ss and <i>P</i> parameters compared to the control group. MEs maintained 99.9% of DX after 6 months without color changes or phase separation, indicating long-term stability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research demonstrates that altering the content and composition of MEs can change the physicochemical properties and permeability characteristics of DX when introduced into rats. Additionally, ME formulation shows promise as an effective vehicle for topical DX delivery in atopic dermatitis treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Warts are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) and have a considerable impact on quality of life due to pain and embarrassment [<span>1</span>]. Treatment of warts requires multiple destructive procedures, but results are often unsatisfactory. Subungual warts affecting the nail folds can be painful and interrupt daily activities. Destructive treatments require disruption of the nail plate to access the lesion, increasing the risk of injury to the subungual wedge, underlying bone, or nail matrix [<span>2</span>]. Finding less invasive and painless therapies for subungual warts is a challenge for clinicians. Conventional methods include drawbacks such as scar development, a lengthy recovery period, and a high recurrence rate; they may also result in nail plate damage, severe pain, and even nail atrophy [<span>2</span>]. In contrast, pulsed dye laser (PDL) has a low incidence of pain, with only temporary pain and residual hyperpigmentation, making it a safe, tolerable and relatively effective treatment [<span>3, 4</span>]. We present four cases of subungual warts treated with PDL.</p><p>Four patients had subungual warts: one female and three males aged 9–40. All four patients had previously undergone cryotherapy, which caused significant pain and was ineffective. The patients were treated with PDL (595 nm, Candela, Israel). Cases 1–4 are presented in Table 1. Clinical pictures were collected before and after each therapy and were followed up (Figure 1). After cessation of treatment, the lesions achieved long-term remission without nail damage and did not recur during the follow-up period.</p><p>Warts have been found to respond favorably to PDL [<span>5</span>]. PDL's therapeutic techniques involve the breakdown of the wart-supplying capillaries, which results in host cell death. It can also trigger an immunological response and cause IL-2 and IL-4 to be upregulated within the lesion. Furthermore, PDL destroys the virus itself due to its susceptibility to heat [<span>3-5</span>].</p><p>The type of warts, laser parameters, number of treatment sessions, and treatment intervals are associated with the success rate of PDL treatments [<span>4, 5</span>]. A retrospective study treating 227 warts patients with PDL found that up to 6 sessions with intervals of 3–4 weeks apart and a fluence of 12.5–15.0 J/cm<sup>2</sup> had the best efficacy [<span>5</span>]. Another study showed that higher success rates were associated with higher flow settings (9.5 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) and also an increased number of sessions (up to 6) at 3–4 week intervals [<span>4</span>]. Park et al. have reported that there was no significant difference in lesion clearance between 2- and 3-week treatment intervals [<span>3</span>]. Our patient 1 was healed after just two treatments with a one-week gap, indicating that shorter treatment intervals could be more effective and reduce the number of sessions. The mean length of treatment in our patients was 4.1 months and the mean numbe
{"title":"Successful Treatment of Subungual Warts With Pulsed Dye Laser: Report of Four Cases","authors":"Shuang Lyu, Zhenhua Yue, Huimin Zhang, Xi'an Fu, Hong Liu, Furen Zhang","doi":"10.1111/jocd.16756","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jocd.16756","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Warts are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) and have a considerable impact on quality of life due to pain and embarrassment [<span>1</span>]. Treatment of warts requires multiple destructive procedures, but results are often unsatisfactory. Subungual warts affecting the nail folds can be painful and interrupt daily activities. Destructive treatments require disruption of the nail plate to access the lesion, increasing the risk of injury to the subungual wedge, underlying bone, or nail matrix [<span>2</span>]. Finding less invasive and painless therapies for subungual warts is a challenge for clinicians. Conventional methods include drawbacks such as scar development, a lengthy recovery period, and a high recurrence rate; they may also result in nail plate damage, severe pain, and even nail atrophy [<span>2</span>]. In contrast, pulsed dye laser (PDL) has a low incidence of pain, with only temporary pain and residual hyperpigmentation, making it a safe, tolerable and relatively effective treatment [<span>3, 4</span>]. We present four cases of subungual warts treated with PDL.</p><p>Four patients had subungual warts: one female and three males aged 9–40. All four patients had previously undergone cryotherapy, which caused significant pain and was ineffective. The patients were treated with PDL (595 nm, Candela, Israel). Cases 1–4 are presented in Table 1. Clinical pictures were collected before and after each therapy and were followed up (Figure 1). After cessation of treatment, the lesions achieved long-term remission without nail damage and did not recur during the follow-up period.</p><p>Warts have been found to respond favorably to PDL [<span>5</span>]. PDL's therapeutic techniques involve the breakdown of the wart-supplying capillaries, which results in host cell death. It can also trigger an immunological response and cause IL-2 and IL-4 to be upregulated within the lesion. Furthermore, PDL destroys the virus itself due to its susceptibility to heat [<span>3-5</span>].</p><p>The type of warts, laser parameters, number of treatment sessions, and treatment intervals are associated with the success rate of PDL treatments [<span>4, 5</span>]. A retrospective study treating 227 warts patients with PDL found that up to 6 sessions with intervals of 3–4 weeks apart and a fluence of 12.5–15.0 J/cm<sup>2</sup> had the best efficacy [<span>5</span>]. Another study showed that higher success rates were associated with higher flow settings (9.5 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) and also an increased number of sessions (up to 6) at 3–4 week intervals [<span>4</span>]. Park et al. have reported that there was no significant difference in lesion clearance between 2- and 3-week treatment intervals [<span>3</span>]. Our patient 1 was healed after just two treatments with a one-week gap, indicating that shorter treatment intervals could be more effective and reduce the number of sessions. The mean length of treatment in our patients was 4.1 months and the mean numbe","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultrasonographic examination is easy, fast, safe, and used in various fields; however, its application to the facial area has been limited. Complex anatomical structures are mixed within thin, soft tissues in the facial region; therefore, understanding their structural characteristics is crucial. This study aimed to use ultrasonography to obtain information on the layered structure and soft tissue thickness of the eye area around the orbicularis oculi muscle and provide guidance for clinical practice.
Methods
Healthy volunteers (33 men and 19 women; mean age: 28.4 years) underwent ultrasonography with nine reference points. The soft tissue thickness, including the orbicularis oculi muscle, was measured on monochromatic images. Ultrasonographic scans were performed at facial landmarks using linear transducers (IO8-17, E-CUBE15, Alpinion Medical System, Seoul, Korea), with images scanned transversely. The thickness was measured using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
Results
The mean thickness of the orbicularis oculi muscle was 1.56 ± 0.45 mm (range 1.03–2.31 mm). The highest thickness was measured at the points VII (2.31 ± 0.68 mm) and VI (2.15 ± 0.48 mm). The mean depth of the orbicularis oculi muscle was 1.63 ± 0.62 mm (range 0.88–2.80 mm), and the most superficial point was 0.88 ± 0.99, at point VII.
Conclusion
This study provides critical anatomical data that can enhance the precision of ultrasound-guided procedures in the periorbital area, allowing clinicians to accurately target the muscle layer and soft tissue structures. By utilizing these findings, practitioners can optimize treatment effectiveness, reduce complications, and improve outcomes in cosmetic procedures such as botulinum toxin injections, filler placements, and other non-invasive facial treatments. The detailed anatomical insights gained from this study will help bridge the gap between anatomical understanding and clinical application, promoting safer and more efficient aesthetic interventions.
目的：超声检查简便、快速、安全，可应用于各个领域；然而，它在面部区域的应用一直受到限制。复杂的解剖结构混合在薄，软组织在面部区域；因此，了解它们的结构特征是至关重要的。本研究旨在利用超声技术了解眼轮匝肌周围眼区层状结构及软组织厚度，为临床提供指导。方法：健康志愿者(男性33名，女性19名；平均年龄：28.4岁)行9个参考点超声检查。在单色图像上测量眼轮匝肌等软组织厚度。使用线性换能器（IO8-17, E-CUBE15, Alpinion Medical System, Seoul, Korea）在面部地标处进行超声扫描，图像横向扫描。使用ImageJ（美国国立卫生研究院，Bethesda， MD， USA）测量厚度。结果：眼轮匝肌平均厚度为1.56±0.45 mm （1.03 ~ 2.31 mm）。7点（2.31±0.68 mm）和6点（2.15±0.48 mm）厚度最大。眼轮匝肌平均深度为1.63±0.62 mm（范围0.88 ~ 2.80 mm），最浅点为0.88±0.99，位于第七点。结论：本研究提供了重要的解剖学数据，可以提高超声引导下眶周手术的精度，使临床医生能够准确地定位肌肉层和软组织结构。通过利用这些发现，从业者可以优化治疗效果，减少并发症，并改善美容手术的结果，如肉毒杆菌毒素注射，填充物放置和其他非侵入性面部治疗。从本研究中获得的详细解剖学见解将有助于弥合解剖学理解与临床应用之间的差距，促进更安全、更有效的美学干预。
{"title":"Topographic Analysis of the Periorbital Region Including Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Based on Ultrasonography Interpretation","authors":"Kyu-Lim Lee, Hee-Jin Kim","doi":"10.1111/jocd.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jocd.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultrasonographic examination is easy, fast, safe, and used in various fields; however, its application to the facial area has been limited. Complex anatomical structures are mixed within thin, soft tissues in the facial region; therefore, understanding their structural characteristics is crucial. This study aimed to use ultrasonography to obtain information on the layered structure and soft tissue thickness of the eye area around the orbicularis oculi muscle and provide guidance for clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthy volunteers (33 men and 19 women; mean age: 28.4 years) underwent ultrasonography with nine reference points. The soft tissue thickness, including the orbicularis oculi muscle, was measured on monochromatic images. Ultrasonographic scans were performed at facial landmarks using linear transducers (IO8-17, E-CUBE15, Alpinion Medical System, Seoul, Korea), with images scanned transversely. The thickness was measured using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean thickness of the orbicularis oculi muscle was 1.56 ± 0.45 mm (range 1.03–2.31 mm). The highest thickness was measured at the points VII (2.31 ± 0.68 mm) and VI (2.15 ± 0.48 mm). The mean depth of the orbicularis oculi muscle was 1.63 ± 0.62 mm (range 0.88–2.80 mm), and the most superficial point was 0.88 ± 0.99, at point VII.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides critical anatomical data that can enhance the precision of ultrasound-guided procedures in the periorbital area, allowing clinicians to accurately target the muscle layer and soft tissue structures. By utilizing these findings, practitioners can optimize treatment effectiveness, reduce complications, and improve outcomes in cosmetic procedures such as botulinum toxin injections, filler placements, and other non-invasive facial treatments. The detailed anatomical insights gained from this study will help bridge the gap between anatomical understanding and clinical application, promoting safer and more efficient aesthetic interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue expansion is a widely employed technique in reconstructive surgery aimed at addressing considerable skin defects. Nevertheless, matters like inadequate expansion capability and the potential for skin breakage due to the fragility of the expanded tissue present notable hurdles in enhancing skin regeneration during this process. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is recognized for its essential role in facilitating tissue renewal and regeneration. However, its precise impact on skin renewal during tissue expansion remains underexplored. This study seeks to elucidate ACE2's contribution to skin regeneration, specifically examining its role in collagen synthesis.
Methods
This study evaluated the expression and distribution of ACE2 in expanded skin using samples derived from both rats and human patients. Additionally, we investigated ACE2 expression in stretched keratinocytes in vitro. ACE2 knockout keratinocytes were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cocultured with fibroblasts to observe fibroblast proliferation and migration. MLN-4760 was utilized to inhibit the ACE2 enzymatic activity. Additionally, we analyzed parameters such as the size of expanded skin, dermal thickness, and the levels of collagen I (COL I), collagen III (COL III), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) to elucidate the role of ACE2 in the context of expanded skin.
Results
The thinning of the expanded dermis was linked with elevated ACE2 expression. Enzymatic activity and ACE2 expression were both increased by mechanical stress. Additionally, ACE2 utilized Ang II to activate the migration and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. In vivo, the ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760 promoted skin regeneration and reduced dermal thinning by elevating COL I, COL III, and TGF-β during expansion.
Conclusions
This finding suggest that mechanical stretch increases ACE2 expression, which in turn promotes the regeneration of expanded skin. The basis for using ACE2 in clinical settings to increase tissue expansion efficacy is provided by this work.
{"title":"ACE2 Inhibits Dermal Regeneration Through Ang II in Tissue Expansion","authors":"Ruoxue Bai, Baoyan Liang, Yaotao Guo, Wei Liu, Zhuoyue Wen, Zhantong Wang, Yu Zhang, Jing Du, Yajuan Song, Zhou Yu, Xianjie Ma","doi":"10.1111/jocd.16767","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jocd.16767","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tissue expansion is a widely employed technique in reconstructive surgery aimed at addressing considerable skin defects. Nevertheless, matters like inadequate expansion capability and the potential for skin breakage due to the fragility of the expanded tissue present notable hurdles in enhancing skin regeneration during this process. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is recognized for its essential role in facilitating tissue renewal and regeneration. However, its precise impact on skin renewal during tissue expansion remains underexplored. This study seeks to elucidate ACE2's contribution to skin regeneration, specifically examining its role in collagen synthesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated the expression and distribution of ACE2 in expanded skin using samples derived from both rats and human patients. Additionally, we investigated ACE2 expression in stretched keratinocytes in vitro. ACE2 knockout keratinocytes were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cocultured with fibroblasts to observe fibroblast proliferation and migration. MLN-4760 was utilized to inhibit the ACE2 enzymatic activity. Additionally, we analyzed parameters such as the size of expanded skin, dermal thickness, and the levels of collagen I (COL I), collagen III (COL III), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) to elucidate the role of ACE2 in the context of expanded skin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The thinning of the expanded dermis was linked with elevated ACE2 expression. Enzymatic activity and ACE2 expression were both increased by mechanical stress. Additionally, ACE2 utilized Ang II to activate the migration and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. In vivo, the ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760 promoted skin regeneration and reduced dermal thinning by elevating COL I, COL III, and TGF-β during expansion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This finding suggest that mechanical stretch increases ACE2 expression, which in turn promotes the regeneration of expanded skin. The basis for using ACE2 in clinical settings to increase tissue expansion efficacy is provided by this work.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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