Journal of Constructional Steel Research最新文献_第9页

Seismic behavior of WUF-B connections repaired and strengthened using field-welded wing plates 使用现场焊接翼板修复和加固 WUF-B 连接的抗震性能

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.109089

Tianhao Yan , Jialiang Jin , Takuya Nagae , Yu-Lin Chung

This study examines the cyclic deformation performance of per-Kobe steel welded beam-to-box column connections repaired with wing plates after seismic fractures. Finite element (FE) models were developed to simulate the pre- and post-repair seismic behavior of tested bare steel and composite welded unreinforced flange-bolted web (WUF-B) connection specimens and investigate their mechanisms of stress transfer. The findings indicate that wing plate repairs lower the neutral axis to one-third of the beam height in bare steel connections, sharply increasing the rupture index in top flange. For composite beam connections, the presence of an RC slab intensifies stress concentration near the bottom flange, causing the fracture at the tip of wing plates. Subsequent parametric analyses indicate that, for bare steel connections, wing plate with an effective area 1.2 times that of the beam flange section ensure sufficient plastic rotational capacity. However, composite beam connections require wing plates with a larger effective section area (about 1.4 times the flange section area) to effectively mitigate strain concentrations at the wing plate tips and facilitate the transfer of the plastic hinge to the beam. The study also offers further repair modifications and design recommendations, revealing that adding transverse web stiffeners (TWSs) to wing plate repairs significantly reduces web buckling and enhances connection performance. The use of T-shaped stiffeners and modified wing plates provides flexibility under different construction conditions and demonstrates strong repair performance.

本研究探讨了地震断裂后用翼板修复的全神户钢焊接梁箱柱连接的循环变形性能。研究人员开发了有限元（FE）模型，用于模拟裸钢和复合焊接无加固翼缘-螺栓腹板（WUF-B）连接试件修复前和修复后的地震行为，并研究其应力传递机制。研究结果表明，在裸钢连接中，翼板修复会将中轴线降低到梁高的三分之一，从而急剧增加顶部翼缘的断裂指数。对于复合梁连接，RC 板的存在加剧了底部翼缘附近的应力集中，导致翼板顶端断裂。随后的参数分析表明，对于裸钢连接，有效面积为梁翼缘板截面 1.2 倍的翼板可确保足够的塑性旋转能力。然而，复合梁连接需要有效截面积更大（约为翼缘板截面积的 1.4 倍）的翼板，以有效缓解翼板顶端的应变集中，并促进塑性铰链向梁的传递。研究还提供了进一步的修复修改和设计建议，揭示了在翼板修复中添加横向腹板加劲件 (TWS) 可显著减少腹板屈曲并提高连接性能。T 形加劲件和改良翼板的使用为不同施工条件提供了灵活性，并展示了强大的修复性能。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing 3D reconstruction: Application of a vision foundation model for dimensional measurement 优化 3D 重建：应用视觉基础模型进行尺寸测量

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.109087

Yan Zeng , Zhengqi Hua , Zejun Xiang , Yue Liao , Feng Huang , Xiaocheng Guo , Yingchuan Peng , Xuesi Liu

This study applies a vision foundation model to optimize the Point Cloud Data (PCD) reconstruction pipeline in digital photogrammetry, aiming to overcome the challenges of component PCD acquisition in Small and Medium Construction Projects (SMCP). A hardware device is designed and assembled for overlapping image acquisition. In order to alleviate computational and storage burdens, a vision foundation model is utilized for Region of Interest (ROI) selection before PCD reconstruction, for which a set of prompt optimization methods based on image similarity is proposed. The scale of the reconstructed PCD is calibrated based on the camera pose, enabling precise dimension measurement of the PCD. Two case studies confirm the effectiveness of the optimized method for dimension measurement, with tolerance below 2 mm, corresponding to 6.7 times the pixel accuracy. Furthermore, this method demonstrates substantial improvements in image storage, decreasing by over 84 %, and decreases of over 55 % in PCD storage and over 50 % in the computational time required for reconstruction. These outcomes underscore the practicality and efficiency of the introduced framework in addressing the challenges posed by batch component dimension measurement.

本研究应用视觉基础模型优化数字摄影测量中的点云数据（PCD）重建流水线，旨在克服中小型建设项目（SMCP）中点云数据组件采集的挑战。设计并组装了用于重叠图像采集的硬件设备。为了减轻计算和存储负担，在 PCD 重建前利用视觉基础模型进行感兴趣区域（ROI）选择，并为此提出了一套基于图像相似性的及时优化方法。重建后的 PCD 的比例根据相机姿态进行校准，从而实现了 PCD 的精确尺寸测量。两个案例研究证实了优化方法在尺寸测量方面的有效性，公差低于 2 毫米，相当于像素精度的 6.7 倍。此外，该方法在图像存储方面也有显著改善，减少了 84% 以上，PCD 存储减少了 55% 以上，重建所需的计算时间减少了 50% 以上。这些成果凸显了所引入的框架在应对批量元件尺寸测量所带来的挑战方面的实用性和高效性。

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引用次数: 0

Flexural behavior of circular concrete-filled steel tube members reinforced with annular stiffener 用环形加劲件加固的圆形混凝土填充钢管构件的挠曲行为

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.109094

Ke-Rong Luo , Gan-Ping Shu , Ying Qin , Liang Yu , Bu-Hui Li , Wen-Rui Liu

This paper presents a study on the flexural performance of a novel concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) member reinforced with an internal annular stiffener. The annular stiffener is composed of curved steel plates, and the circumferential plate serves as the interface connector. Four-point bending tests were conducted on the four new composite beams and two traditional CFST counterparts to investigate the flexural performance of the composite members. The failure modes, deflection distribution, flexural strength, strain distribution, and moment-curvature relationship were analyzed. The test results showed that the new composite members exhibited higher bending capacity and stiffness than their CFST counterparts. Then, a finite element (FE) model was established and validated using the test results to numerically investigate flexural behavior. The available design models for predicting the flexural capacities of the composite beams was compared. Design formulae considering the stiffener contributions were deduced to calculate the flexural strength of the composite beams based on the plastic-stress distribution method. It was demonstrated that the developed FE modeling appropriately simulated the structural behavior of the composite members. Parametric studies indicated that the use of high-strength concrete was inefficient. In addition, the comparison results indicated that the proposed design formulae were feasible for predicting the bending capacity of composite members.

本文研究了用内部环形加劲件加固的新型混凝土填充钢管（CFST）构件的抗弯性能。环形加劲件由弧形钢板组成，圆周钢板作为界面连接器。对四种新型复合梁和两种传统 CFST 对应梁进行了四点弯曲试验，以研究复合构件的抗弯性能。分析了破坏模式、挠度分布、抗弯强度、应变分布和弯矩-曲率关系。试验结果表明，新型复合材料构件的抗弯能力和刚度均高于传统的 CFST 构件。然后，利用测试结果建立并验证了有限元（FE）模型，对弯曲行为进行数值研究。比较了用于预测复合梁抗弯能力的现有设计模型。基于塑性应力分布法，推导出了考虑加劲件贡献的设计公式，以计算复合梁的抗弯强度。结果表明，所开发的 FE 模型恰当地模拟了复合材料构件的结构行为。参数研究表明，使用高强度混凝土的效率较低。此外，对比结果表明，所提出的设计公式在预测复合材料构件的抗弯能力方面是可行的。

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引用次数: 0

Testing and design of wire and arc additively manufactured steel double-shear bolted connections with thick plates 钢丝和电弧快速成型钢双层厚板剪切螺栓连接的测试和设计

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.109069

Yunyi Liu , Jun Ye , Jiangfei He , Hongjia Lu , Guan Quan , Zhen Wang , Yang Zhao

The integration of additive manufacturing technology into the construction sector has attracted considerable interest in recent years. However, despite the increasing demand for large-scale constructions subjected to large forces, the research on the structural behaviour of thick plates fabricated via Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology has been limited. This paper investigated the structural behaviour and design of WAAM carbon steel double-shear bolted connections with thick plates. The experiment examined 30 bolted connections with varying geometric dimensions and print layer orientations, discovering failure modes including net section tension, shear-out, end-splitting, and bearing failure. The research revealed anisotropic behaviours in WAAM steel bolted connections, with different print layer orientations affecting their failure modes and ultimate capacities. It is consistent with the inherent anisotropy observed in WAAM steel materials. Furthermore, the experimental results were analysed and compared with predictions made by existing design approaches for conventional steel bolted connections. While the existing guidelines were found to be applicable to WAAM steel bolted connections, certain limitations were identified.

近年来，将增材制造技术融入建筑领域引起了人们的极大兴趣。然而，尽管对承受巨大力量的大型建筑的需求不断增加，但对通过线材和电弧增材制造（WAAM）技术制造的厚板的结构行为的研究却十分有限。本文研究了 WAAM 碳钢厚板双剪切螺栓连接的结构行为和设计。实验检查了 30 个具有不同几何尺寸和打印层方向的螺栓连接，发现了包括净截面拉伸、剪切、端部劈裂和轴承失效在内的失效模式。研究揭示了 WAAM 钢螺栓连接的各向异性行为，不同的印刷层方向会影响其失效模式和极限承载能力。这与在 WAAM 钢材料中观察到的固有各向异性是一致的。此外，还对实验结果进行了分析，并与传统钢螺栓连接的现有设计方法所做的预测进行了比较。虽然发现现有准则适用于 WAAM 钢螺栓连接，但也发现了某些局限性。

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引用次数: 0

Fire resistance of steel beams with integrated fire-resistant and decorative constructions 集成防火和装饰结构的钢梁的耐火性能

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.109096

Chengyi Chu , Xunan Ye , Bo Fu , Lei Zhang , Wang Gao , Dongdong Fan

This paper investigates the fire resistance of steel beams with integrated fire-resistant and decorative constructions. Four novel forms of fire protection constructions that simultaneously meet the requirements of fire protection and decorative performance in steel residential housing are first devised. Five simply supported H-shaped steel beams encased by such constructions are tested in a fire test furnace to reveal the variation of their temperature fields and mechanical properties under the ISO-834 standard heating condition. A series of test phenomena, temperature-time and displacement-time curves are obtained from the tests. Corresponding results show that the specimens are far from reaching their ultimate limit state, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed constructions in fire protection. Additionally, the influence on the fire resistance caused by the variation of the construction components is determined by comparing the temperatures and displacements of all the specimens. Finally, a finite element model corresponding to the specimens is established in the FE software package ABAQUS. The heat transfer and thermal-mechanical coupling analyses are conducted in succession, and the model is verified compared with the experiment results. Then a preliminary parametric study is carried out, revealing that the thickness and thermal conductivity of non-intumescent fire-retardant coating and the thickness of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks may affect the fire resistance of the encased steel beams perceptibly.

本文研究了防火与装饰一体化结构钢梁的耐火性能。首先设计了四种同时满足钢结构住宅防火和装饰要求的新型防火结构。在防火试验炉中对五根由此类结构包裹的简支撑 H 型钢梁进行了试验，以揭示其在 ISO-834 标准加热条件下的温度场和机械性能变化。试验获得了一系列试验现象、温度-时间和位移-时间曲线。相应的结果表明，试样远未达到其极限状态，这验证了拟议结构在防火方面的有效性。此外，通过比较所有试样的温度和位移，确定了建筑构件的变化对耐火性能的影响。最后，在有限元软件包 ABAQUS 中建立了与试样相对应的有限元模型。先后进行了传热和热机械耦合分析，并将模型与实验结果进行了对比验证。然后进行了初步的参数研究，发现非膨胀阻燃涂层的厚度和导热系数以及蒸压加气混凝土砌块的厚度会明显影响包覆钢梁的耐火性能。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on seismic performance of composite shear walls with end columns 带端柱的复合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.109093

Guirui Lin , Kaize Ma , Guohua Xing , Jiayi Cheng , Xiwang Cao

Three new partially encased composite shear walls (NPECSWs) were designed with the thickness of the main steel members and the quantity of the stiffening ribs as parameters, and pseudostatic tests were carried out. The tests revealed that all the specimens exhibited compression–bending damage, which were consistent with the digital image correlation analysis results. Compared with increasing the number of stiffening ribs, increasing the thickness of the main steel members has a greater effect on the energy dissipation, viscous damping coefficient, ductility, and shear resistance. Increasing the number of stiffening ribs makes the effect of reducing the degrading stiffness more obvious. The calculation formulas for the shear resistance were established, and the errors were within 10 %. Based on the fourfold line skeleton model and unloading stiffness, a restoring force model was established. The finite element analyses were carried out for in-depth analysis. It indicated that increasing the thickness of the main steel members could reduce the yield range, and increasing the number of stiffening ribs makes the stress distribution more uniform after damage.

以主钢构件的厚度和加劲肋的数量为参数，设计了三种新型部分包覆复合剪力墙（NPECSW），并进行了伪静力试验。试验结果表明，所有试件都出现了压缩弯曲破坏，这与数字图像相关分析结果一致。与增加加劲肋数量相比，增加主钢构件厚度对能量耗散、粘滞阻尼系数、延展性和抗剪性能的影响更大。增加加劲肋的数量可使降低退化刚度的效果更加明显。建立了抗剪计算公式，误差在 10% 以内。根据四倍线骨架模型和卸载刚度，建立了恢复力模型。进行了有限元分析以深入分析。结果表明，增加主钢构件的厚度可减小屈服范围，增加加劲肋的数量可使破坏后的应力分布更加均匀。

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引用次数: 0

BIM-based intelligent optimization of complex steel joints using SVM and NSGA-II 使用 SVM 和 NSGA-II 对复杂钢接头进行基于 BIM 的智能优化

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.109086

Yaping Lai , Ke Ke , Letian Wang , Lufeng Wang

Steel joints are vital load-bearing components in structures. In some structures like large-scale bridges, these joints become increasingly complex. However, the current optimization of complex steel joints primarily relies on empirical knowledge and manual trial-and-error. This paper proposes an approach for the optimization of complex steel joints using SVM (support vector machines) and NSGA-II (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms II) in BIM environment. Initially, this research utilizes Rhino, Grasshopper, and Abaqus to create a BIM framework for intelligent optimization of complex steel joints. Partial components of joints are parameterized, followed by the implementation of finite element (FE) parametric modeling. Subsequently, the outcomes from FE analysis of the parameterized model are employed to train a surrogate FE model of complex steel joints using SVM. Finally, the optimized design is achieved using NSGA-II, based on the surrogate model. Through the comparison experiment of a practical engineering case, it is proved that the proposed approach can effectively assist designers in the complex steel joint design.

钢接头是结构中的重要承重部件。在一些结构（如大型桥梁）中，这些接头变得越来越复杂。然而，目前对复杂钢接头的优化主要依赖于经验知识和人工试错。本文提出了一种在 BIM 环境下使用 SVM（支持向量机）和 NSGA-II（非支配排序遗传算法 II）优化复杂钢接头的方法。最初，这项研究利用 Rhino、Grasshopper 和 Abaqus 创建了一个 BIM 框架，用于复杂钢接头的智能优化。首先对接头的部分组件进行参数化，然后实施有限元（FE）参数化建模。随后，利用参数化模型的 FE 分析结果，使用 SVM 训练复杂钢接头的替代 FE 模型。最后，在代用模型的基础上，利用 NSGA-II 实现优化设计。通过实际工程案例的对比实验，证明所提出的方法可以有效地帮助设计人员进行复杂钢接头设计。

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引用次数: 0

Flexural behavior of cold-formed steel I-beams strengthened in the web with different materials 采用不同材料加固腹板的冷弯型钢工字钢的抗弯性能

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.109083

Tarek A. Elbacklesh, Nader N. Khalil, Ibrahim M. El-Shenawy, A.M. Abou-Rayan

This research presents an experimental and theoretical study investigating the flexural capacity of built-up steel cold-formed I-beams strengthened in the hollow web with different materials. Eight built-up cold-formed steel I-beams were prepared and experimentally tested. As a control specimen, one was not strengthened, steel shear connectors strengthened one without materials, and six specimens were strengthened by filling the hollow web with different materials. The strengthened materials used are wood wastes (Sawdust with epoxy- Sawdust with polyester), lightweight concrete, normal-weight concrete, High-Strength concrete, and polymer mortar. The specimens' method of failure, load at failure, and vertical displacements were recorded. The relationship between vertical load and deflection at the span's midpoint has been graphed to analyze the impact of strengthened materials. Using polymer mortar resulted in the highest capacity, outperforming other materials. Finite element models of the tested beams were established. Good agreements between experimental and numerical models were observed. 84-FE numerical models were established to determine the effect of cover plate thickness on flange width ratios and the height-to-width of the strengthening material. Finally, new equations that calculate strengthened beam capacity were presented.

本研究通过实验和理论研究，探讨了用不同材料加固空腹结构的内置冷弯型钢工字钢的抗弯能力。研究人员制备了八根内置冷弯型钢工字钢，并对其进行了实验测试。其中一个试样作为对照试样未进行加固，一个试样在未使用材料的情况下使用钢制剪力连接件进行加固，六个试样通过在空腹腹板中填充不同材料进行加固。使用的加固材料包括木屑（环氧树脂锯屑-聚酯锯屑）、轻质混凝土、普通混凝土、高强度混凝土和聚合物砂浆。记录了试样的破坏方式、破坏时的荷载和垂直位移。跨度中点的垂直荷载和挠度之间的关系被绘制成图表，以分析加固材料的影响。使用聚合物砂浆的承载力最高，优于其他材料。建立了测试梁的有限元模型。实验和数值模型之间的一致性良好。建立了 84-FE 数值模型，以确定盖板厚度对翼缘宽度比和加固材料高宽比的影响。最后，提出了计算加固梁承载力的新方程。

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引用次数: 0

Functional loss of C- joists due to large stiffened web openings: Experiments 大面积加劲腹板开口导致 C 型托梁功能丧失：实验

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.109052

G.N. Geannakakes

Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) C-Joists (joists) support floors and roofs. Knowledge of the structural behavior (local, distortional, and, global buckling modes) of CFS joists has matured and been codified over the last three decades. Research has also advanced estimating the influence of web openings on structural strength focusing on local buckling. However, insufficient experimental data is available for the global behavior of joists with large stiffened web openings (openings) that are increasingly becoming popular to allow the passage of utilities. Deflection is often the controlling joist design parameter, especially for large spans. Reported herein are results of experiments conducted by loading a large number of joists with openings deeper than half of the web height and wider than the opening's depth. It is demonstrated herein how an equivalent moment of inertia and allowable load for joists can be obtained. Joist test specimens cover multiple combinations of web heights, thicknesses, sizes and intervals of openings, and, joist spans. The functional loss (loss) is measured in terms of the increase of flexural deflection due to openings. The loss was found to be negligible for some combinations and as high as 35 % for some others. Closer spacing and larger openings result in greater loss; and, unexpectedly, shorter spans also increase the loss. Research presented herein underscores the need, and offers experimental data, for validating computer models, updating national design standards, estimating loss due to similar punchout geometries for computing the effective moment of inertia, and, ultimately, the allowable load for CFS joists.

冷弯型钢 (CFS) C 型托梁（托梁）用于支撑地板和屋顶。在过去的三十年中，有关 CFS 托梁结构行为（局部、扭曲和整体屈曲模式）的知识已日趋成熟和完善。有关腹板开孔对结构强度影响的研究也取得了进展，重点是局部屈曲。然而，对于带有大型加劲腹板开孔（开孔）的桁架的整体行为，目前还没有足够的实验数据。挠度通常是控制桁架设计的参数，尤其是大跨度桁架。本文报告的是对大量开口深度超过腹板高度一半、宽度超过开口深度的桁架进行加载的实验结果。本文展示了如何获得桁架的等效惯性矩和允许荷载。桁架测试样本包括腹板高度、厚度、开口尺寸和间隔以及桁架跨度的多种组合。功能损失（损失）是根据开口造成的挠曲挠度增加来测量的。结果发现，某些组合的损失可以忽略不计，而某些组合的损失则高达 35%。间距越近、开口越大，损耗越大；出乎意料的是，跨度越短，损耗也越大。本文介绍的研究强调了验证计算机模型、更新国家设计标准、估算用于计算有效惯性矩的类似冲孔几何形状造成的损失以及最终确定 CFS 托梁允许荷载的必要性，并提供了实验数据。

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引用次数: 0

Buckling of corrugated steel plates under uniaxial compression 单轴压缩下波纹钢板的屈曲

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.109074

Zijian Bi, Guotao Yang

Corrugated steel plates are widely used in engineering industries for their superior out-of-plane stiffness and buckling properties. The more complex corrugated configurations than plane steel plates lead to complicated and variable buckling behaviors of corrugated steel plates. The extremely high sensitivity of the plate buckling to geometric characteristics and initial imperfections further improves the difficulty of buckling analysis of corrugated steel plates. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the buckling behavior of corrugated steel plates under uniaxial compression based on 12 test specimens and 512 numerical models with multiple evaluation dimensions such as failure modes, buckling displacements, buckling loads, and buckling strengths. Parametric studies are carried out to reveal the influence mechanisms of critical parameters, including plate thickness, plate height, and number of corrugations. Furthermore, an analytical model developed based on the orthotropic plate theory is proposed for the buckling analysis of corrugated steel plates under uniaxial compression, and a semi-analytical solution for the assessment of the buckling strength is presented with satisfactory accuracy and universality of application. Relevant theoretical results are able to realize the efficient estimation of the buckling strength more than the correlation level of 0.99. The research results can serve as references for subsequent studies and provide valuable support for the engineering structural design of corrugated steel plates.

波纹钢板因其卓越的平面外刚度和屈曲性能而广泛应用于工程行业。与平面钢板相比，波纹结构更为复杂，这导致波纹钢板的屈曲行为复杂多变。钢板屈曲对几何特征和初始缺陷的敏感性极高，进一步增加了波纹钢板屈曲分析的难度。本文基于 12 个试样和 512 个数值模型，从失效模式、屈曲位移、屈曲载荷和屈曲强度等多个评估维度，对波纹钢板在单轴压缩下的屈曲行为进行了全面研究。参数研究揭示了关键参数的影响机制，包括板厚、板高和波纹数。此外，还提出了基于正交各向同性板理论的分析模型，用于单轴压缩条件下波纹钢板的屈曲分析，并给出了屈曲强度评估的半解析解，其准确性和普遍适用性令人满意。相关理论结果能够实现对屈曲强度的有效估算，相关性超过 0.99。研究成果可为后续研究提供参考，并为波纹钢板的工程结构设计提供有价值的支持。

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引用次数: 0