Seed durability is a current issue of cotton ginners, who have noted smaller and weaker seed, lower seed grades, and increased seed coat fragments within ginned cotton fiber. To better understand the differences in the seed hull properties of Upland (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Pima (G. barbadense L) seed, compression testing was conducted to determine the seed hull fracture resistance of both species. Plants were grown in Five Points, CA, U.S., for two years. After roller ginning, seed were conditioned to standard environmental conditions and were compressed until rupture on a material strength tester. Seed of the Pima cultivars generally required greater maximum compressive force and energy to rupture than did the seed of the Upland cultivars. However, when the seed were compressed in a vertical orientation, a few individual Upland cultivars did have compression properties within the range of values observed for the Pima cultivars. Hence, it is possible to find Upland seed with compression properties comparable to or slightly greater than those of some Pima seed. Differences in the data for the two years showed that growing environment affects seed hull strength properties. The results should help clarify some conflicting literature regarding the relative strength attributes of Gossypium species seed.
{"title":"Seed Hull Fracture Resistance of Upland and Pima Cotton Cultivars","authors":"M. Dowd, C. Delhom","doi":"10.56454/dvvh5560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/dvvh5560","url":null,"abstract":"Seed durability is a current issue of cotton ginners, who have noted smaller and weaker seed, lower seed grades, and increased seed coat fragments within ginned cotton fiber. To better understand the differences in the seed hull properties of Upland (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Pima (G. barbadense L) seed, compression testing was conducted to determine the seed hull fracture resistance of both species. Plants were grown in Five Points, CA, U.S., for two years. After roller ginning, seed were conditioned to standard environmental conditions and were compressed until rupture on a material strength tester. Seed of the Pima cultivars generally required greater maximum compressive force and energy to rupture than did the seed of the Upland cultivars. However, when the seed were compressed in a vertical orientation, a few individual Upland cultivars did have compression properties within the range of values observed for the Pima cultivars. Hence, it is possible to find Upland seed with compression properties comparable to or slightly greater than those of some Pima seed. Differences in the data for the two years showed that growing environment affects seed hull strength properties. The results should help clarify some conflicting literature regarding the relative strength attributes of Gossypium species seed.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48928139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blake L. Szilvay, K. Edmisten, G. Collins, R. Wells
Ensuring potassium (K) is readily available for plant uptake during all stages of growth, especially during reproductive growth, is critical for cotton production. While improvements in cotton genetics and production have led to significant yield improvements, observations of K deficiencies are still common. Re-evaluating the current cotton K fertility recommendations is necessary. The objective of this research was to predict the effect of variable timings and rates of K on cotton yield and fiber quality. Field trials in North Carolina were conducted at two locations in 2017 and three locations in 2018. Treatments included three rates (1, 1.5, and 2 times the soil test analysis recommended rate) applied using three timing combinations (planting, planting and layby, and planting, layby, and three wk after layby) compared to a non-treated control. Layby applications occurred between 45 and 62 d after planting. Treatments were applied as a broadcast granular and the source was muriate of potash. Growth and maturity measurements were recorded throughout the growing season. Petiole samples were collected at five weeks after layby for analysis of K concentration. Yield and fiber quality were also measured. Neither K rate nor application timing had a significant effect on lint yield and fiber quality in any environment. The concentration of tissue K did respond positively to K rates and timings in soil with low potassium availability.
{"title":"Effects of Potassium Rates and Timing on Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality","authors":"Blake L. Szilvay, K. Edmisten, G. Collins, R. Wells","doi":"10.56454/ydug7685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/ydug7685","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring potassium (K) is readily available for plant uptake during all stages of growth, especially during reproductive growth, is critical for cotton production. While improvements in cotton genetics and production have led to significant yield improvements, observations of K deficiencies are still common. Re-evaluating the current cotton K fertility recommendations is necessary. The objective of this research was to predict the effect of variable timings and rates of K on cotton yield and fiber quality. Field trials in North Carolina were conducted at two locations in 2017 and three locations in 2018. Treatments included three rates (1, 1.5, and 2 times the soil test analysis recommended rate) applied using three timing combinations (planting, planting and layby, and planting, layby, and three wk after layby) compared to a non-treated control. Layby applications occurred between 45 and 62 d after planting. Treatments were applied as a broadcast granular and the source was muriate of potash. Growth and maturity measurements were recorded throughout the growing season. Petiole samples were collected at five weeks after layby for analysis of K concentration. Yield and fiber quality were also measured. Neither K rate nor application timing had a significant effect on lint yield and fiber quality in any environment. The concentration of tissue K did respond positively to K rates and timings in soil with low potassium availability.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46140402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Virk, M. Sapkota, Coleman Byers, G. Morgan, E. Barnes
Use of hooded sprayers to mitigate spray particle drift during pesticide applications in cotton has not been investigated. Therefore, experiments were conducted in cotton fields in 2021 and 2022 to compare particle drift of dicamba applied with open and hooded broadcast sprayers at six different spray qualities: Fine (F), Medium (M), Coarse (C), Very Coarse (VC), Extremely Coarse (EC), and Ultra Coarse (UC). A fluorescent tracer dye was mixed and applied with the dicamba solution to measure drift deposition at different downwind distances up to 105 m from the target area. Results showed particle drift for F and M spray qualities applied with a hooded sprayer were reduced up to 94% and 77%, respectively, out to 10 m downwind from the application area compared to the open boom sprayer. Hooded sprayer decreased particle drift for C and VC spray qualities as well but only for short distances downwind (≤ 5 m). Sprayer type did not affect the particle drift for EC and UC spray qualities and it was also significantly lower than other spray qualities across both sprayer types. From 20 to 60 m downwind, dicamba applications with hooded sprayer exhibited as much as 42% less drift than open boom sprayer applications regardless of the spray quality. These data suggested that hooded sprayers are effective in reducing particle drift in cotton and thus can be utilized as a viable spray drift management technique for herbicide applications in cotton.
{"title":"Utility of Hooded Broadcast Sprayer in Reducing Herbicide Particle Drift in Cotton","authors":"S. Virk, M. Sapkota, Coleman Byers, G. Morgan, E. Barnes","doi":"10.56454/lyeu7382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/lyeu7382","url":null,"abstract":"Use of hooded sprayers to mitigate spray particle drift during pesticide applications in cotton has not been investigated. Therefore, experiments were conducted in cotton fields in 2021 and 2022 to compare particle drift of dicamba applied with open and hooded broadcast sprayers at six different spray qualities: Fine (F), Medium (M), Coarse (C), Very Coarse (VC), Extremely Coarse (EC), and Ultra Coarse (UC). A fluorescent tracer dye was mixed and applied with the dicamba solution to measure drift deposition at different downwind distances up to 105 m from the target area. Results showed particle drift for F and M spray qualities applied with a hooded sprayer were reduced up to 94% and 77%, respectively, out to 10 m downwind from the application area compared to the open boom sprayer. Hooded sprayer decreased particle drift for C and VC spray qualities as well but only for short distances downwind (≤ 5 m). Sprayer type did not affect the particle drift for EC and UC spray qualities and it was also significantly lower than other spray qualities across both sprayer types. From 20 to 60 m downwind, dicamba applications with hooded sprayer exhibited as much as 42% less drift than open boom sprayer applications regardless of the spray quality. These data suggested that hooded sprayers are effective in reducing particle drift in cotton and thus can be utilized as a viable spray drift management technique for herbicide applications in cotton.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43201240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Delhom, M. V. D. VAN DER SLUIJS, J. Wanjura, Joe W. Thomas
Adoption of John Deere harvesters with on-board module building capacity that produce round modules covered with a patented engineered polyethylene film has been rapid and has forced gins to adapt their module feeding systems with techniques and machinery to feed round modules into the gin. The system used by a gin is dependent on the number of round modules handled by the gin, cost of implementing the system, and preferences of gin management. Irrespective of the system used, all require well-trained staff to prevent plastic wrap from entering the gin and contaminating lint bales. Modules are fed in different orientations, and the plastic is removed with either manual or semi-automated systems. This work evaluates the well-known unwrapping systems used to handle modules in the U.S. and Australia, which include manual and semi-automated methods. No single system can be recommended, as the needs, layout, and priorities of each gin vary. However, the details of the systems are presented in terms of manpower, time and motion, safety, and potential to prevent module wrap from entering the gin. The data presented here were gathered from numerous on-site visits to gins across the U.S. and Australia.
John Deere收割机具有车载模块构建能力，能够生产覆盖有专利工程聚乙烯膜的圆形模块，这一技术的采用速度很快，迫使轧棉机调整其模块进给系统，采用技术和机械将圆形模块进给到轧棉机中。轧棉机使用的系统取决于轧棉机处理的圆形模块的数量、实施系统的成本以及轧棉机管理的偏好。无论使用何种系统，都需要训练有素的工作人员来防止塑料包装进入轧棉机并污染皮棉包。模块以不同的方向进给，塑料通过手动或半自动系统移除。这项工作评估了美国和澳大利亚用于处理模块的著名展开系统，包括手动和半自动方法。由于每个杜松子酒的需求、布局和优先级各不相同，因此不能推荐单一的系统。然而，系统的细节是从人力、时间和运动、安全性以及防止模块包装进入轧棉机的潜力等方面介绍的。这里提供的数据是从美国和澳大利亚对杜松子酒的多次现场访问中收集的。
{"title":"Evaluation of Practices to Unwrap Round Cotton Modules","authors":"C. Delhom, M. V. D. VAN DER SLUIJS, J. Wanjura, Joe W. Thomas","doi":"10.56454/ipou8527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/ipou8527","url":null,"abstract":"Adoption of John Deere harvesters with on-board module building capacity that produce round modules covered with a patented engineered polyethylene film has been rapid and has forced gins to adapt their module feeding systems with techniques and machinery to feed round modules into the gin. The system used by a gin is dependent on the number of round modules handled by the gin, cost of implementing the system, and preferences of gin management. Irrespective of the system used, all require well-trained staff to prevent plastic wrap from entering the gin and contaminating lint bales. Modules are fed in different orientations, and the plastic is removed with either manual or semi-automated systems. This work evaluates the well-known unwrapping systems used to handle modules in the U.S. and Australia, which include manual and semi-automated methods. No single system can be recommended, as the needs, layout, and priorities of each gin vary. However, the details of the systems are presented in terms of manpower, time and motion, safety, and potential to prevent module wrap from entering the gin. The data presented here were gathered from numerous on-site visits to gins across the U.S. and Australia.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46067823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacob Smith, W. Crow, A. Catchot, J. Gore, D. Cook, F. Musser, S. Stewart, S. Brown, B. Thrash, G. Lorenz, N. Bateman, G. Studebaker, T. Towles, D. Kerns
Studies were conducted from 2017 to 2021 at nine locations across Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee to evaluate efficacy, residual control, and effective chemical concentrations of commonly used insecticides targeting tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), nymphs in Mid-South cotton. Foliar applications of imidacloprid, flonicamid, thiamethoxam, oxamyl, dicrotophos, acephate, novaluron, and sulfoxaflor were applied at locally recommended rates. Plots were sampled for nymphs at 4, 7, and 10 d after treatments (DAT), and leaves were analyzed for concentration of active ingredients from plots located in one site in 2021 at 4, 7, 10, and 14 DAT. Across all sampling dates, insecticide treatments reduced nymph infestations compared to untreated control, except for imidacloprid at 10 DAT. All insecticide treatments resulted in higher lint yields compared to untreated control. Overall, sulfoxaflor, novaluron, and acephate offered the best control of nymphs and provided the greatest yield protection among treatments. Moderate control was achieved with thiamethoxam, oxamyl, and dicrotophos. Imidacloprid and flonicamid resulted in less control. Concentrations of flonicamid, thiamethoxam, dicrotophos, acephate, and novaluron persisted up to 14 DAT in leaves. Imidacloprid and oxamyl were not detected at 7, 10, or 14 DAT, and sulfoxaflor was not detected at 14 DAT in leaves. In these studies, control of tarnished plant bug nymphs never exceeded 75% regardless of insecticide or sampling date. The moderate efficacy and short residual control shown in these studies explain why multiple insecticide applications within short intervals are needed to manage heavy tarnished plant bug populations
{"title":"Evaluating Efficacy and Chemical Concentrations of Commonly Used Insecticides Targeting Tarnished Plant Bug in Mid-South Cotton","authors":"Jacob Smith, W. Crow, A. Catchot, J. Gore, D. Cook, F. Musser, S. Stewart, S. Brown, B. Thrash, G. Lorenz, N. Bateman, G. Studebaker, T. Towles, D. Kerns","doi":"10.56454/hkrj8091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/hkrj8091","url":null,"abstract":"Studies were conducted from 2017 to 2021 at nine locations across Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee to evaluate efficacy, residual control, and effective chemical concentrations of commonly used insecticides targeting tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), nymphs in Mid-South cotton. Foliar applications of imidacloprid, flonicamid, thiamethoxam, oxamyl, dicrotophos, acephate, novaluron, and sulfoxaflor were applied at locally recommended rates. Plots were sampled for nymphs at 4, 7, and 10 d after treatments (DAT), and leaves were analyzed for concentration of active ingredients from plots located in one site in 2021 at 4, 7, 10, and 14 DAT. Across all sampling dates, insecticide treatments reduced nymph infestations compared to untreated control, except for imidacloprid at 10 DAT. All insecticide treatments resulted in higher lint yields compared to untreated control. Overall, sulfoxaflor, novaluron, and acephate offered the best control of nymphs and provided the greatest yield protection among treatments. Moderate control was achieved with thiamethoxam, oxamyl, and dicrotophos. Imidacloprid and flonicamid resulted in less control. Concentrations of flonicamid, thiamethoxam, dicrotophos, acephate, and novaluron persisted up to 14 DAT in leaves. Imidacloprid and oxamyl were not detected at 7, 10, or 14 DAT, and sulfoxaflor was not detected at 14 DAT in leaves. In these studies, control of tarnished plant bug nymphs never exceeded 75% regardless of insecticide or sampling date. The moderate efficacy and short residual control shown in these studies explain why multiple insecticide applications within short intervals are needed to manage heavy tarnished plant bug populations","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46351588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Vaz, J. C. Franchini, E. A. Speranza, R. Inamasu, Lucio A. de C. Jorge, L. M. Rabello, Ivani de O.N. Lopes, Sergio das Chagas, Jefferson L.R. de Souza, M. D. de Souza, Amandio Pires, J. Schepers
Variable-rate application has great potential to reduce variability and increase yield by spatially optimizing agricultural inputs. In cotton, plant growth regulators (PGRs) control excessive growth and provide suitable plant height for harvest operations. This study evaluates the effect of variable-rate PGR application compared to constant-rate application to reduce yield spatial variability and increase yield. The variable-rate approach was carried out in 2020 based on zonal applications defined by clustering analysis using soil electrical conductivity, vegetation indexes, and yield maps. Application doses and timings were determined by integrating plant height measurements for the whole field in 2019 and by zone in 2020. To compare the two procedures, cultivar and plant populations were kept constant; fertilization and accumulated rain were similar in both seasons. A reduction in yield spatial variability due to the zonal application was observed, with yield coefficient of variation (CV) decreasing from 18% in 2019 to 12% in 2020. Spatial and temporal analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index satellite images showed higher CV values in 2019 (constant-rate) reaching 30% at the end of the season, whereas in 2020 (variable-rate) CV was constant (approximately 10%). Cotton yield increased from 3.5 to 4.3 t ha-1 between 2019 and 2020, which can be partially attributed to the variable-rate approach. The variable-rate approach based on application zones and plant height measurements was a viable strategy for reducing yield spatial variability and likely increasing yield in a highly variable cotton field.
{"title":"Zonal Application of Plant Growth Regulator in Cotton to Reduce Variability and Increase Yield in a Highly Variable Field","authors":"C. Vaz, J. C. Franchini, E. A. Speranza, R. Inamasu, Lucio A. de C. Jorge, L. M. Rabello, Ivani de O.N. Lopes, Sergio das Chagas, Jefferson L.R. de Souza, M. D. de Souza, Amandio Pires, J. Schepers","doi":"10.56454/miuc6583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/miuc6583","url":null,"abstract":"Variable-rate application has great potential to reduce variability and increase yield by spatially optimizing agricultural inputs. In cotton, plant growth regulators (PGRs) control excessive growth and provide suitable plant height for harvest operations. This study evaluates the effect of variable-rate PGR application compared to constant-rate application to reduce yield spatial variability and increase yield. The variable-rate approach was carried out in 2020 based on zonal applications defined by clustering analysis using soil electrical conductivity, vegetation indexes, and yield maps. Application doses and timings were determined by integrating plant height measurements for the whole field in 2019 and by zone in 2020. To compare the two procedures, cultivar and plant populations were kept constant; fertilization and accumulated rain were similar in both seasons. A reduction in yield spatial variability due to the zonal application was observed, with yield coefficient of variation (CV) decreasing from 18% in 2019 to 12% in 2020. Spatial and temporal analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index satellite images showed higher CV values in 2019 (constant-rate) reaching 30% at the end of the season, whereas in 2020 (variable-rate) CV was constant (approximately 10%). Cotton yield increased from 3.5 to 4.3 t ha-1 between 2019 and 2020, which can be partially attributed to the variable-rate approach. The variable-rate approach based on application zones and plant height measurements was a viable strategy for reducing yield spatial variability and likely increasing yield in a highly variable cotton field.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48298302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Identification of new sources of reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira) resistance in cotton is critical to expanding host plant resistance to manage this important pathogen. Phenotyping plants in early breeding generations without destructive sampling would be useful for introgression of nematode resistance from exotic germplasm resources; therefore, a rapid, nondestructive method was developed to assess host plant resistance to the reniform nematode based on the number of females infecting the roots. In one set of experiments, the root system was cut off at 0, 1, 2.5, or 5 cm below the soil line and used to assess the number of females infecting this portion of the root system. Resistance could be accurately determined while leaving up to 5 cm of roots with the shoot. In a second set of experiments, the rate of plant recovery and reproductive development was evaluated using a combination of root retention (0, 1, 2.5 cm, or all root) and shoot retention (leaves at top two nodes, leaves at bottom two nodes, no leaves, all leaves) treatments. Plants more rapidly recovered using a treatment combination in which the top leaves and 2.5 cm roots were kept. This combination performed similarly to plants with neither shoots nor roots modified and was harvested 20 days sooner compared to some other treatment combinations.
{"title":"Nondestructive Evaluation of Cotton Genotypes for Resistance to Reniform Nematode","authors":"S. Stetina, J. Erpelding","doi":"10.56454/tddz4193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/tddz4193","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of new sources of reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira) resistance in cotton is critical to expanding host plant resistance to manage this important pathogen. Phenotyping plants in early breeding generations without destructive sampling would be useful for introgression of nematode resistance from exotic germplasm resources; therefore, a rapid, nondestructive method was developed to assess host plant resistance to the reniform nematode based on the number of females infecting the roots. In one set of experiments, the root system was cut off at 0, 1, 2.5, or 5 cm below the soil line and used to assess the number of females infecting this portion of the root system. Resistance could be accurately determined while leaving up to 5 cm of roots with the shoot. In a second set of experiments, the rate of plant recovery and reproductive development was evaluated using a combination of root retention (0, 1, 2.5 cm, or all root) and shoot retention (leaves at top two nodes, leaves at bottom two nodes, no leaves, all leaves) treatments. Plants more rapidly recovered using a treatment combination in which the top leaves and 2.5 cm roots were kept. This combination performed similarly to plants with neither shoots nor roots modified and was harvested 20 days sooner compared to some other treatment combinations.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46832579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breeding efforts to improve lint yields in cotton may have shifted photosynthate partitioning to fibers during seed development resulting in a reduction in seed size in modern cotton cultivars. While the textile industry is the main consumer of cotton, changes in seed quality including size and composition could negatively impact other sectors of the agriculture industry that utilize cotton raw materials other than fiber. There is evidence of smaller cotton seeds impacting germination and seedling vigor as well as a reduction in oil content as seed size decreases. Moreover, downstream sectors of the cotton industry such as gins, crushers, and feedlots have been trying to draw attention to the consequences of having extremely small seeds to their operations, such as reduced ginning efficiency, seedcoat fragments, challenges in the delinting and decortication process, changes in meal nutrition, etc. This review focuses on the impacts of pursuing ever-increasing lint percent in modern cotton cultivars at the expense of seed size and attempts to highlight some of the less-known concerns of downstream cotton industry sectors.
{"title":"Cotton Seed Size – What is the “Fuzz” all About?","authors":"A. Maeda, J. Dever, M. Maeda, C. Kelly","doi":"10.56454/alqj7021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/alqj7021","url":null,"abstract":"Breeding efforts to improve lint yields in cotton may have shifted photosynthate partitioning to fibers during seed development resulting in a reduction in seed size in modern cotton cultivars. While the textile industry is the main consumer of cotton, changes in seed quality including size and composition could negatively impact other sectors of the agriculture industry that utilize cotton raw materials other than fiber. There is evidence of smaller cotton seeds impacting germination and seedling vigor as well as a reduction in oil content as seed size decreases. Moreover, downstream sectors of the cotton industry such as gins, crushers, and feedlots have been trying to draw attention to the consequences of having extremely small seeds to their operations, such as reduced ginning efficiency, seedcoat fragments, challenges in the delinting and decortication process, changes in meal nutrition, etc. This review focuses on the impacts of pursuing ever-increasing lint percent in modern cotton cultivars at the expense of seed size and attempts to highlight some of the less-known concerns of downstream cotton industry sectors.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45276221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Delhom, M. V. D. VAN DER SLUIJS, M. Bange, R. Long, Amanda Nelson
Cotton is a highly variable natural material that is routinely blended during textile processing to create a uniform product. Harvesting and ginning can introduce some blending before the mill. Blending earlier in the supply chain could produce a more consistent and predictable product. There has been limited research on the benefits of in-field blending of cotton cultivars, especially from a textile perspective. Experiments were conducted over two seasons to determine the economic and performance impacts of in-field blending. The seed of three cultivars with different quality parameters were blended in combinations of two cultivars at 25% increments before planting. Crop maturity, lint yield, fiber quality, and textile processing were evaluated for both years. Some combinations resulted in differences in micronaire, fineness (linear density), and fiber length, which mostly followed the blend rates of the constituent cultivars. Although there were some statistical differences, no functional differences were observed for yield, textile processing, or textile quality. The most significant result was the movement of one set of blends from the base range of micronaire to the premium range. The results showed that infield blending of cultivars could be done without harming quality or resultant textiles, as long as the cultivars are carefully selected for similar seed characteristics and maturation timing. Individual producers will have to determine if the benefits and risks are worthwhile for their specific situation.
{"title":"Yield, Fiber Quality, and Textile Outcomes from In-Field Blending of Cotton Seed at Planting","authors":"C. Delhom, M. V. D. VAN DER SLUIJS, M. Bange, R. Long, Amanda Nelson","doi":"10.56454/phcr9024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/phcr9024","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton is a highly variable natural material that is routinely blended during textile processing to create a uniform product. Harvesting and ginning can introduce some blending before the mill. Blending earlier in the supply chain could produce a more consistent and predictable product. There has been limited research on the benefits of in-field blending of cotton cultivars, especially from a textile perspective. Experiments were conducted over two seasons to determine the economic and performance impacts of in-field blending. The seed of three cultivars with different quality parameters were blended in combinations of two cultivars at 25% increments before planting. Crop maturity, lint yield, fiber quality, and textile processing were evaluated for both years. Some combinations resulted in differences in micronaire, fineness (linear density), and fiber length, which mostly followed the blend rates of the constituent cultivars. Although there were some statistical differences, no functional differences were observed for yield, textile processing, or textile quality. The most significant result was the movement of one set of blends from the base range of micronaire to the premium range. The results showed that infield blending of cultivars could be done without harming quality or resultant textiles, as long as the cultivars are carefully selected for similar seed characteristics and maturation timing. Individual producers will have to determine if the benefits and risks are worthwhile for their specific situation.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cotton fleahopper (CFH), Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter), is an early season cotton pest that feeds on cotton terminals resulting in flower abortion, irregular plant growth, and delayed plant maturity. The CFH has been documented on over 160 host plants across 35 families. Identification of host plants was accomplished through observed presence on a plant in the field and/or controlled feeding studies under lab conditions. Because the CFH is a generalist, these results may not accurately represent the plants used by the CFH under natural conditions. We used amplicon sequencing to identify plant material potentially ingested by CFH nymphs. Control samples consisted of CFHs fed in the laboratory on horsemint, Monarda spp. Nymphs were also collected using a sweep net from fields dense with horsemint, croton (Croton spp.), or fields of mixed plant composition. We detected the correct plant family in control samples. BLAST (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) results from the sweep net samples categorized hits into seven different plant families, one of which may be a new feeding host for CFH. Based on these findings, amplicon sequencing may be useful to further understand the complex ecology of the CFH, which may ultimately improve management strategies for CFH.
{"title":"Amplicon Sequencing of Plant Material Links Cotton Fleahopper to Host Plants","authors":"L. Perkin, Kristin Hamons, C. Suh, G. Sword","doi":"10.56454/wbsd2203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/wbsd2203","url":null,"abstract":"The cotton fleahopper (CFH), Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter), is an early season cotton pest that feeds on cotton terminals resulting in flower abortion, irregular plant growth, and delayed plant maturity. The CFH has been documented on over 160 host plants across 35 families. Identification of host plants was accomplished through observed presence on a plant in the field and/or controlled feeding studies under lab conditions. Because the CFH is a generalist, these results may not accurately represent the plants used by the CFH under natural conditions. We used amplicon sequencing to identify plant material potentially ingested by CFH nymphs. Control samples consisted of CFHs fed in the laboratory on horsemint, Monarda spp. Nymphs were also collected using a sweep net from fields dense with horsemint, croton (Croton spp.), or fields of mixed plant composition. We detected the correct plant family in control samples. BLAST (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) results from the sweep net samples categorized hits into seven different plant families, one of which may be a new feeding host for CFH. Based on these findings, amplicon sequencing may be useful to further understand the complex ecology of the CFH, which may ultimately improve management strategies for CFH.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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