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Insecticide Resistance Monitoring of Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Populations in the Mid-Southern United States 美国中南部褐蝽(半翅目:褐蝽科)种群的抗药性监测
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/htua7872
Beverly D Catchot, J. Gore, N. Krishnan, R. Jackson, F. Musser
Tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), is the target for multiple insecticide applications in cotton in the mid-southern U.S. Resistance to several insecticide classes has been documented, so monitoring of resistance levels to insecticides currently used is needed before field control failures occur. Several populations were tested to estimate resistance levels for commonly used insecticides during 2017 to 2019. On average, 25 to 40% of populations were determined to be resistant to thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and/or sulfoxaflor. There were no differences among years in mean imidacloprid and thiamethoxam LC50 values; however, the mean LC50 increased from 2017 to 2019 for sulfoxaflor. No differences in resistance were detected between the two primary agricultural regions of the Mid-South (Hills and Mississippi River Delta) for any of the insecticides. For each insecticide, the range between the most and least susceptible populations was greatest in the Hills region during 2018. Susceptibility to thiamethoxam was the most variable followed by imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor. It is important to continue monitoring for resistance because continued selection pressure is likely to lead to widespread reduced efficacy in the future.
在美国中南部的棉花上,已经记录了对几种杀虫剂的抗性,因此需要在现场控制失败之前监测对目前使用的杀虫剂的抗性水平。在2017年至2019年期间,对几个种群进行了测试,以估计对常用杀虫剂的抗性水平。平均有25%至40%的种群被确定对噻虫嗪、吡虫啉和/或亚砜氟耐药。吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的LC50平均值在不同年份间无差异;然而,从2017年到2019年,亚砜的平均LC50有所增加。在中南部的两个主要农业区(丘陵和密西西比河三角洲)之间没有发现对任何杀虫剂的抗性差异。对于每种杀虫剂,2018年希尔斯地区最易感人群和最不易感人群之间的差距最大。对噻虫嗪的敏感性变化最大,其次是吡虫啉和亚砜。继续监测耐药性是很重要的,因为持续的选择压力很可能导致未来药效的广泛降低。
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引用次数: 1
Mepiquat Chloride Applications across Two Nitrogen Rates in a Conservation Tillage Cotton System 两种氮素水平下棉田保护性耕作系统中氯吡草胺的施用
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/ltoh4319
K. Balkcom, C. Monks, S. M. Brown
In cotton production, a plant growth regulator is a management tool used to limit excessive cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) vegetative growth, but over-application can promote early cut-out and potentially decrease yield. Specific information on how different plant growth regulator application strategies perform in a conservation tillage system is limited. The objective of this research was to compare how different plant growth regulator strategies affected plant growth and yield across two N rates in a conservation tillage system during the 2006 to 2008 growing seasons in Alabama. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot treatment restriction and four replications across five site-years. Main plots were two N rates (101 and 134 kg N/ha), and subplots were six mepiquat chloride application strategies. The 134 kg N/ha rate increased plant height two out of three years, but the most effective strategy to control plant height varied across growing season. No clear application strategy was identified that consistently minimized height to node ratios. Whole plant biomass decreased with a high mepiquat chloride application rate and late application, but only for one site-year out of five. Yield responses to mepiquat chloride application were inconsistent across growing seasons and varied from a 16% yield decrease to a 9% yield increase. Variable environmental conditions occurred across growing seasons that likely resulted in inconsistent cotton yield response to mepiquat chloride application. Although variable, our results suggest that cotton, grown in a conservation system, responded comparably to mepiquat chloride applications in conventional systems.
在棉花生产中,植物生长调节剂是一种用于限制棉花(棉)营养生长过度的管理工具,但过量施用会导致棉花过早扦插,并有可能降低产量。关于不同植物生长调节剂应用策略在保护性耕作系统中的具体信息是有限的。本研究的目的是比较2006 - 2008年阿拉巴马州保护性耕作系统中不同植物生长调节剂策略对两种氮素水平下植物生长和产量的影响。治疗采用完全随机区组设计,分块限制治疗,5个试验点年4个重复。主样地采用101和134 kg N/ha两种施氮量,子样地采用6种氯甲枯施用策略。施用134 kg N/ hm2后,3年内有2年提高了株高,但控制株高的最有效策略因生长季节而异。没有明确的应用策略确定始终最小化高度与节点的比率。高施用量和晚施用量使全株生物量下降,但5个立地年中只有1个立地年下降。在不同的生长季节,施用氯吡菊酯对产量的响应不一致,从减产16%到增产9%不等。不同生长季节不同的环境条件可能导致棉花产量对氯吡菊酯的反应不一致。尽管存在差异,但我们的研究结果表明,在保护系统中生长的棉花对传统系统中氯甲枯的反应相当。
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引用次数: 0
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis in Applied Cotton Fiber and Cottonseed Research: A Review 傅立叶变换红外光谱分析在棉纤维和棉籽中的应用研究进展
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/inbj9899
Zhongqi He, Yongliang Liu
Cotton, one of the most important and widely grown crops in the world, is a well-traded agricultural commodity primarily for textile fiber purposes. In addition, cottonseed (a byproduct of fiber production) has been used as an agro-based raw material for manufacturing bio-friendly and sustainable products. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of cotton biomass products/byproducts is an important research area for quality monitoring, improvement, and enhanced use. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is a nondestructive instrumental technique widely used in applied cotton fiber and cottonseed research. This review synthesizes and analyzes the latest developments using FT-IR spectroscopy in investigation of cotton fiber and three cottonseed components (oil, meal/protein, hull) that are impacted by various genetic, cropping, post-harvest processing, and end-use parameters and conditions. Increased knowledge from this review could provide insight and vision in future FT-IR research for the chemistry and quality-evolving mechanisms of these cotton biomass products and their end-uses.
棉花是世界上最重要和广泛种植的作物之一,是一种贸易良好的农产品,主要用于纺织纤维用途。此外,棉籽(纤维生产的副产品)已被用作生产生物友好和可持续产品的农业原料。棉花生物质产品/副产品的定性和定量表征是棉花质量监测、改进和加强利用的重要研究领域。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)是一种广泛应用于棉纤维和棉籽研究的无损仪器技术。本文综述并分析了FT-IR光谱在棉花纤维和棉籽三种成分(油、粕/蛋白和棉籽壳)研究中的最新进展,这些成分受各种遗传、种植、收获后加工和最终利用参数和条件的影响。本综述为进一步了解这些棉花生物质产品的化学和质量演变机制及其最终用途的FT-IR研究提供了思路和思路。
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引用次数: 8
Preliminary Approach in Detecting Cotton Fleahopper Induced Damage Via Unmanned Aerial Systems and Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices 基于无人机系统和归一化植被指数的棉花蚤害检测初探
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/ukzo6465
Isaac L. Esquivel, M. Starek, Sorin Popescu, M. Brewer, R. Coulson
The use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) delivering imaging technologies in agricultural settings has become more prevalent over the past five years and is growing in pest management programs. Here, spectral data from a three-band consumer-grade camera with a filter to obtain Near Infrared (NIR) data, mounted on a fixed-winged UAS, was used to assess the ability to detect cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), injury to immature fruiting bodies on cotton. In a small plot experiment conducted two years and two planting periods each year, cotton fleahopper densities were manipulated with insecticide. Variable populations of cotton fleahopper across the plots were achieved in 2015, ranging between 0 and 3.5 cotton fleahopper-days over a five-week period when squares were forming. Derived from spectral data of multiple UAS flights, unexpected but inconsistent trends (by regression analysis) of increasing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), values with increasing cotton fleahopper days were detected in both plantings and years (five of 12 regressions were significant). Our preliminary data suggest that differences in cotton fleahopper activity on cotton may be reflected in NDVI values using a modified consumer-grade camera in-season. But the interpretation of NDVI may be complicated by the feeding site of cotton fleahopper, leading to unexpected and inconsistent regressions. Exploration of image resolution and bandwidth to define optical sensor needs appears important for cotton fleahopper, given its feeding habitat and injury to cotton. The application of UAS-derived remotely sensed data to detect insect-induced plant stress continues to have merit, but a merging of best suited UAS technology to the needs of detecting insect-induced cotton stress will be a research-intensive endeavor.
在过去的五年中,无人机系统(UAS)在农业环境中提供成像技术的使用变得越来越普遍,并且在害虫管理计划中也越来越多。在这里,使用安装在固定翼无人机上的带有滤光片的三波段消费级相机的光谱数据来获得近红外(NIR)数据,以评估检测棉花蚤,假原子蚧(Reuter)(半翅目:Miridae)对棉花未成熟子实体的伤害的能力。采用两年小块试验,每年两期种植,用杀虫剂控制棉花蚤密度。2015年,各样地棉蚜种群数量变化,在方格形成的5周时间内,棉蚜种群数量在0 ~ 3.5只/天之间。根据多次无人机飞行的光谱数据,回归分析发现,归一化植被指数(NDVI)随棉花飞蝇天数的增加而增加的趋势出乎意料,但不一致(12个回归中有5个回归显著)。我们的初步数据表明,使用改良的消费级相机,棉花上的跳蚤活动差异可能反映在NDVI值上。但由于棉蚤取食地点的不同,NDVI的解释可能会变得复杂,导致回归结果出乎意料且不一致。考虑到棉蚤的取食栖息地和对棉花的危害,探索图像分辨率和带宽以确定光学传感器的需求显得很重要。应用UAS衍生的遥感数据来检测昆虫诱导的植物胁迫仍然有其优点,但将最适合的UAS技术与检测昆虫诱导的棉花胁迫的需求相结合将是一项研究密集型的工作。
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引用次数: 1
Optimum Irrigation Termination Timing in Furrow Irrigated Cotton 沟灌棉花最佳终止灌溉时间
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/hztj9893
M. Plumblee, D. Dodds, L. Krutz, Angus L. Catchot Jr., J. T. Irby, J. Jenkins
Properly terminating furrow irrigation in mid-southern United States (U.S.) crops could reduce irrigation costs, the likelihood of adverse harvest conditions, and agricultural withdrawal from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA). This research was conducted to determine an optimum termination window for furrow-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the mid-southern U.S. The effects of irrigation termination timing on cotton lint yield, net returns, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were evaluated on a Leeper silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts) and on a Dundee silty clay (fine-silty, mixed, active, Typic Endoaqualfs). Neither terminating nor continuing to irrigate cotton from cutout (NAWF = 5) up to three weeks past first cracked boll had an effect on lint yield or fiber quality (p ≥ 0.6107). Irrigation water use efficiency declined when water was applied past cutout (p < 0.0001). Results indicate that irrigation in cotton can be terminated at cutout without adversely effecting lint yield and fiber quality if soil water potential does not exceed -130 kPa prior to first cracked boll. Terminating irrigation in cotton at cutout could reduce late season irrigation cost and reduce water withdrawal from the MRVAA thus improving it sustainability.
适当终止美国中南部作物的沟灌可以降低灌溉成本,减少不利收获条件的可能性,并减少密西西比河流域冲积含水层(MRVAA)的农业撤出。本研究旨在确定美国中南部沟灌棉花的最佳终止窗口。在Leeper粉质粘土壤土(细粉质,密质,非酸性,热垂直层)和Dundee粉质粘土(细粉质,混合,活性,典型内质层)上评估了灌溉终止时间对棉棉产量,净收益和灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)的影响。在裂铃后3周内终止或继续灌溉棉花(NAWF = 5)对皮棉产量和纤维品质都没有影响(p≥0.6107)。灌溉水利用效率在灌溉水截止期后下降(p < 0.0001)。结果表明,在裂铃前土壤水势不超过-130 kPa的条件下,可在剪棉时终止灌溉,而不会对棉棉产量和纤维质量产生不利影响。摘棉终止灌溉可以降低后期灌溉成本,减少MRVAA的取水量,从而提高其可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
The Application Time-of-Day Effect for Trifloxysulfuron Against Velvetleaf as Affected by Nozzle Type 不同喷嘴类型对三氯磺隆对棉叶日效的影响
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/ynjv9634
A. Aliverdi, G. Ahmadvand
All previous studies reporting the application time-of-day effect for herbicides have been conducted with a single-orifice, flat fan nozzle. Whether an increased number of flat fans in the nozzle could affect the application time-of-day effect is unknown. A replicated outdoor pot experiment was conducted to determine the best application time for trifloxysulfuron from 05:00 (before sunrise), 07:00 (after sunrise), 09:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00, 17:00, 19:00 (before sunset), and 21:00 (after sunset) against velvetleaf when sprayed with a single-, dual-, or triplet-orifice flat fan nozzles. Trifloxysulfuron sprayed with the single-orifice flat fan nozzle at 05:00 was the least effective treatment reducing velvetleaf fresh weight by 51%. When the single-orifice flat fan nozzle was used, velvetleaf fresh weight, expressed as a quadratic polynomial function with a parabola opening upward, decreased as the application time changed from 05:00 to 11:00 (70% control); thereafter, it increased until 21:00. When the dual- and triplet-orifice flat fan nozzles were used, velvetleaf fresh weight, expressed as a quadratic polynomial function with a parabola opening downward, increased from 05:00 to 07:00; thereafter, it increased as the application time changed until 19:00 (the best application time, reducing velvetleaf fresh weight by 82%). Foliar nyctinasty in velvetleaf is responsible for decreased efficacy of trifloxysulfuron sprayed with the single-orifice flat fan nozzle before sunset. This obstacle can be overcome using the dual- or triplet-orifice flat fan nozzles.
所有以前的研究报告的应用时间对除草剂的影响都是用单孔,扁平风扇喷嘴进行的。喷嘴中扁平风扇数量的增加是否会影响应用时间效应尚不清楚。通过室外重复盆栽试验,确定单孔、双孔、三孔平板风扇喷嘴对天鹅绒叶片的最佳喷施时间分别为:日出前05:00、日出后07:00、09:00、11:00、13:00、15:00、17:00、19:00、日落后21:00。05:00单孔平板风扇喷雾器喷三氯磺隆效果最差,使丝绵鲜重减少51%。采用单孔平板风扇喷嘴时,丝绒叶鲜重随施药时间05:00 ~ 11:00(70%控制)的变化而减小,鲜重以抛物线开口向上的二次多项式函数表示;此后,一直增加到21点。采用双孔和三孔扁平风扇喷嘴时,绒毛鲜重从05:00增加到07:00,以向下抛物线开口的二次多项式函数表示;此后,随着施药时间的变化,其含量逐渐增加,直至19:00(最佳施药时间),使丝绒叶鲜重降低82%。日落前单孔平板风扇喷雾器喷施三氯磺隆的效果下降,主要是由于叶面的昼夜变化造成的。使用双孔或三孔扁平风扇喷嘴可以克服这一障碍。
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引用次数: 0
A Module Feeder Inspection System For Plastic Contamination – Updated System Design 塑料污染的模块给料机检测系统——更新系统设计
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/plnv5099
J. Wanjura, M. Pelletier, G. Holt
This note describes the updated design and operation of an inspection system that provides ginners an instantaneous view of the dispersing cylinders in a cotton gin module feeder. Images are provided by network cameras installed in the back wall of a module feeder using a new adjustable housing design that allows for easier installation into various module feeder designs. We observed that when these systems are installed and operated, accumulation of plastic and other contaminants on dispersing cylinders is detected and removed more quickly than when the cylinders are manually checked between work shifts or during other pauses in gin operation. Gin crews are more responsive to plastic accumulation on the dispersing cylinders because they can see when it occurs and quickly remove the contaminants, thereby reducing the risk of plastic contamination in lint bales.
本说明介绍了一种检查系统的更新设计和操作,该系统为轧棉机提供了在轧棉机模块给料器中分散滚筒的即时视图。图像由安装在模块馈线后墙的网络摄像机提供,使用新的可调节外壳设计,可以更容易地安装到各种模块馈线设计中。我们观察到,当这些系统安装和运行时,分散钢瓶上的塑料和其他污染物的积累被检测和清除的速度比在工作班次之间或在轧机运行的其他暂停期间手动检查钢瓶更快。轧棉机工作人员对分散滚筒上的塑料堆积反应更迅速,因为他们可以看到塑料堆积发生的时间,并迅速清除污染物,从而降低棉绒包中塑料污染的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Chromosome Substitution from Alien Tetraploid Cotton Species in Upland Cotton on (+) and (-) Gossypol Enantiomer Levels in Cottonseed 陆地棉外源四倍体棉种染色体替换对棉籽中(+)和(-)棉酚对映体水平的影响
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/dvgj8361
N. Bellaloui, S. Saha, Jennifer L Tonos, J. Scheffler, J. Jenkins, Jack C. McCarty Jr., D. Stelly
Cottonseed contains high quality protein meal for feed and oil for human consumption, but gossypol in cottonseed has potential toxicity and detrimental effects that limit cottonseed use as food for humans and monogastric animals. Therefore, identifying germplasm containing lower gossypol content is critical. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of specific chromosomes or chromosome segments from Gossypium barbadense, G. tomentosum, and G. mustelinum, respectively, on (+) and (−) gossypol levels when substituted into G. hirsutum. A total of 11 genotypes were used in this study: nine chromosome substitution lines (CS lines) were investigated for cottonseed gossypol level in field experiments in 2013 and 2014; TM-1 (the recurrent parent of the CS line) and AM UA48 (cultivar) were used as controls. Results showed significant variation in gossypol level and its fractions among CS lines. This variation is a result of chromosome substitution, although it was also affected by environment (location) as location x genotype was significant. Significant positive relationships between total gossypol, (+) gossypol, and (−) gossypol were found. This research demonstrated significant differences among the nine CS lines, and some CS lines had significantly lower gossypol level in cottonseed. These results provide an alternative breeding approach for possibly selecting low levels of gossypol and improving cottonseed nutritional qualities using CS lines.
棉籽含有高质量的饲料蛋白粉和供人类食用的油,但棉籽中的棉酚具有潜在的毒性和有害影响,限制了棉籽作为人类和单胃动物的食物使用。因此,鉴别棉酚含量较低的种质至关重要。本研究的目的是研究巴氏棉、毛毛棉和毛棉的特定染色体或染色体片段在代入毛棉后对棉酚(+)和(−)水平的影响。本研究共使用了11个基因型:在2013年和2014年的田间试验中,对9个染色体替代系(CS系)的棉籽棉酚水平进行了研究;以CS系的复发亲本TM-1和栽培品种AM UA48为对照。结果表明,棉酚含量及其组分在不同棉籽系间存在显著差异。这种变异是染色体替换的结果,尽管它也受到环境(位置)的影响,因为位置x基因型是显著的。总棉酚、(+)棉酚和(-)棉酚之间存在显著的正相关关系。本研究表明,9个CS系间差异显著,部分CS系棉籽中棉酚含量显著降低。这些结果为利用CS系选择低水平棉酚和改善棉籽营养品质提供了可能的育种途径。
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引用次数: 2
Yarn Performance of Texas Quality Upland Cotton Germplasm 德克萨斯优质陆地棉种质的成纱性能
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/blry3877
C. W. Smith, S. Hague, E. Hequet, Brendan R. Kelly
Ring and rotor spinning predominate the cotton spinning market with ring spinning dominating globally while United States (U.S.) spinners prefer rotor because of its production speed and high automation level. Newer and faster spinning technologies such as “air jet” spinning, exemplified by Murata Vortex Spinning (MVS), are being deployed. Rotor spinning produces yarn five times faster than ring, and the MVS produces 100 % cotton yarn over 20 times faster than ring spinning. Fiber quality improvements will be necessary for Upland cotton to be competitive with other fibers on MVS. Texas A&M Agrilife Research has released improved fiber quality germplasm lines and cultivars that equal or exceed the fiber quality parameters associated with the New Mexico Acala germplasm pool, which is considered the elite quality among Upland breeding pools. Two improved quality Texas A&M germplasm lines were compared with Acala 1517-08 for High Volume Instrument (HVI) and Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) fiber quality parameters plus yarn strength and appearance parameters. These genotypes were grown in 2017 and 2019 at Weslaco, Texas under irrigated culture. The three genotypes were similar in all fiber quality measurements except lengh and fiber strength. TAM 06WE-621 and TAM KJ-Q14 produced stronger yarns with improved yarn appearance when spun on either ring or air jet spinning technologies. Data suggest that the Texas A&M quality germplasm pool can be used to develop Upland cotton cultivars that will produce fibers competitive for the emerging MVS technology.
环锭纺纱和转子纺纱在棉纺市场占据主导地位,环锭纺纱在全球占主导地位,而美国纺纱者因其生产速度快、自动化水平高而偏爱转子纺纱。更新和更快的纺纱技术,如“喷气”纺纱,以村田涡旋纺纱(MVS)为例,正在部署。转筒纺纱比环锭纺纱快5倍,MVS生产100%纯棉纱比环锭纺纱快20倍以上。要使陆地棉在MVS上与其他纤维竞争,必须提高纤维质量。Texas A&M Agrilife Research发布了与新墨西哥Acala种质库相关的纤维品质参数相等或超过新墨西哥Acala种质库的改良纤维品质种质系和品种,该种质库被认为是陆地育种库中的优质种质。用高容量仪器(HVI)和先进纤维信息系统(AFIS)对2个德克萨斯A&M优质种质进行了纤维质量参数、纱线强力和外观参数的比较。这些基因型于2017年和2019年在德克萨斯州Weslaco的灌溉培养下种植。除了长度和纤维强度外,三种基因型在所有纤维质量测量中都相似。TAM 06wee -621和TAM KJ-Q14采用环锭纺纱和喷气纺纱技术纺纱时,纱线强度更强,纱线外观更好。数据表明,德克萨斯农工大学的优质种质资源库可用于开发陆地棉花品种,这些品种将生产出具有新兴MVS技术竞争力的纤维。
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引用次数: 0
Injury Potential from Herbicide Combinations in Enlist® Cotton 除草剂组合对Enlist®棉花的潜在伤害
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/gzxa4524
C. Samples, G. Kruger, D. Dodds, J. T. Irby, D. Reynolds, Angus L. Catchot Jr.
Enlist® cotton with tolerance to 2,4-D choline, glyphosate, and glufosinate became publicly available in 2016 to aid growers in controlling glyphosate-resistant weed species. Little data exist regarding the tolerance of Enlist cotton to herbicide tank mixtures containing glyphosate, glufosinate, 2,4-D choline, and S-metolachlor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of Enlist cotton to herbicide tank mixtures including these herbicides. Field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 where cotton was sprayed with herbicide combinations containing glyphosate, glufosinate, S-metolachlor, 2,4-D choline, and a premix formulation of glyphosate and S-metolachlor. Crop injury consisted of necrosis, chlorosis, visual stunting, injury on new growth, and total injury at 7, 14, and 28 days after application (DAA). Cotton lint yield was recorded at the conclusion of each growing season. The greatest levels of necrosis and total injury at 7 DAA were observed following applications of glufosinate + S-metolachlor, alone or in combination with glyphosate or glyphosate + 2,4-D choline. The least amount of necrosis and total injury at 7 DAA was observed following applications of glyphosate, glufosinate, S-metolachlor, glyphosate + glufosinate, or glyphosate + S-metolachlor, which produced less than 13% injury. Visual injury at 14 DAA ranged from 8 to 16% across herbicides applied. At 28 DAA, no differences in visual injury were reported. Lint yield was unaffected by herbicide application. Although transient visual injury is expected, Enlist cotton withstood herbicide applications with up to four modes of action in tankmixture without suffering yield reduction.
2016年,对2,4- d胆碱、草甘膦和草铵膦具有耐受性的Enlist®棉花公开上市,以帮助种植者控制抗草甘膦杂草物种。关于棉花对含有草甘膦、草甘膦、2,4- d胆碱和s -异甲草胺的除草剂罐混合物的耐受性的数据很少。本研究的目的是评价征地棉对含有这些除草剂的除草剂罐混合物的耐受性。在2016年和2017年进行的实地研究中,棉花喷洒了含有草甘膦、草甘膦、s -异甲草胺、2,4- d胆碱以及草甘膦和s -异甲草胺预混制剂的除草剂组合。在施用后7、14和28 d (DAA),作物损伤表现为坏死、褪绿、视觉发育迟缓、新生损伤和总损伤。在每个生长季节结束时记录棉绒产量。在7 DAA时,草甘膦+ s -甲草胺单独或与草甘膦或草甘膦+ 2,4- d胆碱联合应用后,观察到最大程度的坏死和总损伤。在7 DAA时,草甘膦、草甘膦、s -异甲草胺、草甘膦+草甘膦或草甘膦+ s -异甲草胺的坏死和总损伤量最小,造成的损伤小于13%。不同除草剂对14 DAA的视觉伤害在8%到16%之间。在28 DAA时,视觉损伤无差异。棉花产量不受除草剂施用的影响。虽然短暂的视觉损伤是预期的,但在罐混合物中使用多达四种作用模式的除草剂,棉耐受性不会降低产量。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of cotton science
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