Beverly D Catchot, J. Gore, N. Krishnan, R. Jackson, F. Musser
Tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), is the target for multiple insecticide applications in cotton in the mid-southern U.S. Resistance to several insecticide classes has been documented, so monitoring of resistance levels to insecticides currently used is needed before field control failures occur. Several populations were tested to estimate resistance levels for commonly used insecticides during 2017 to 2019. On average, 25 to 40% of populations were determined to be resistant to thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and/or sulfoxaflor. There were no differences among years in mean imidacloprid and thiamethoxam LC50 values; however, the mean LC50 increased from 2017 to 2019 for sulfoxaflor. No differences in resistance were detected between the two primary agricultural regions of the Mid-South (Hills and Mississippi River Delta) for any of the insecticides. For each insecticide, the range between the most and least susceptible populations was greatest in the Hills region during 2018. Susceptibility to thiamethoxam was the most variable followed by imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor. It is important to continue monitoring for resistance because continued selection pressure is likely to lead to widespread reduced efficacy in the future.
{"title":"Insecticide Resistance Monitoring of Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Populations in the Mid-Southern United States","authors":"Beverly D Catchot, J. Gore, N. Krishnan, R. Jackson, F. Musser","doi":"10.56454/htua7872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/htua7872","url":null,"abstract":"Tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), is the target for multiple insecticide applications in cotton in the mid-southern U.S. Resistance to several insecticide classes has been documented, so monitoring of resistance levels to insecticides currently used is needed before field control failures occur. Several populations were tested to estimate resistance levels for commonly used insecticides during 2017 to 2019. On average, 25 to 40% of populations were determined to be resistant to thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and/or sulfoxaflor. There were no differences among years in mean imidacloprid and thiamethoxam LC50 values; however, the mean LC50 increased from 2017 to 2019 for sulfoxaflor. No differences in resistance were detected between the two primary agricultural regions of the Mid-South (Hills and Mississippi River Delta) for any of the insecticides. For each insecticide, the range between the most and least susceptible populations was greatest in the Hills region during 2018. Susceptibility to thiamethoxam was the most variable followed by imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor. It is important to continue monitoring for resistance because continued selection pressure is likely to lead to widespread reduced efficacy in the future.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In cotton production, a plant growth regulator is a management tool used to limit excessive cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) vegetative growth, but over-application can promote early cut-out and potentially decrease yield. Specific information on how different plant growth regulator application strategies perform in a conservation tillage system is limited. The objective of this research was to compare how different plant growth regulator strategies affected plant growth and yield across two N rates in a conservation tillage system during the 2006 to 2008 growing seasons in Alabama. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot treatment restriction and four replications across five site-years. Main plots were two N rates (101 and 134 kg N/ha), and subplots were six mepiquat chloride application strategies. The 134 kg N/ha rate increased plant height two out of three years, but the most effective strategy to control plant height varied across growing season. No clear application strategy was identified that consistently minimized height to node ratios. Whole plant biomass decreased with a high mepiquat chloride application rate and late application, but only for one site-year out of five. Yield responses to mepiquat chloride application were inconsistent across growing seasons and varied from a 16% yield decrease to a 9% yield increase. Variable environmental conditions occurred across growing seasons that likely resulted in inconsistent cotton yield response to mepiquat chloride application. Although variable, our results suggest that cotton, grown in a conservation system, responded comparably to mepiquat chloride applications in conventional systems.
在棉花生产中，植物生长调节剂是一种用于限制棉花(棉)营养生长过度的管理工具，但过量施用会导致棉花过早扦插，并有可能降低产量。关于不同植物生长调节剂应用策略在保护性耕作系统中的具体信息是有限的。本研究的目的是比较2006 - 2008年阿拉巴马州保护性耕作系统中不同植物生长调节剂策略对两种氮素水平下植物生长和产量的影响。治疗采用完全随机区组设计，分块限制治疗，5个试验点年4个重复。主样地采用101和134 kg N/ha两种施氮量，子样地采用6种氯甲枯施用策略。施用134 kg N/ hm2后，3年内有2年提高了株高，但控制株高的最有效策略因生长季节而异。没有明确的应用策略确定始终最小化高度与节点的比率。高施用量和晚施用量使全株生物量下降，但5个立地年中只有1个立地年下降。在不同的生长季节，施用氯吡菊酯对产量的响应不一致，从减产16%到增产9%不等。不同生长季节不同的环境条件可能导致棉花产量对氯吡菊酯的反应不一致。尽管存在差异，但我们的研究结果表明，在保护系统中生长的棉花对传统系统中氯甲枯的反应相当。
{"title":"Mepiquat Chloride Applications across Two Nitrogen Rates in a Conservation Tillage Cotton System","authors":"K. Balkcom, C. Monks, S. M. Brown","doi":"10.56454/ltoh4319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/ltoh4319","url":null,"abstract":"In cotton production, a plant growth regulator is a management tool used to limit excessive cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) vegetative growth, but over-application can promote early cut-out and potentially decrease yield. Specific information on how different plant growth regulator application strategies perform in a conservation tillage system is limited. The objective of this research was to compare how different plant growth regulator strategies affected plant growth and yield across two N rates in a conservation tillage system during the 2006 to 2008 growing seasons in Alabama. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot treatment restriction and four replications across five site-years. Main plots were two N rates (101 and 134 kg N/ha), and subplots were six mepiquat chloride application strategies. The 134 kg N/ha rate increased plant height two out of three years, but the most effective strategy to control plant height varied across growing season. No clear application strategy was identified that consistently minimized height to node ratios. Whole plant biomass decreased with a high mepiquat chloride application rate and late application, but only for one site-year out of five. Yield responses to mepiquat chloride application were inconsistent across growing seasons and varied from a 16% yield decrease to a 9% yield increase. Variable environmental conditions occurred across growing seasons that likely resulted in inconsistent cotton yield response to mepiquat chloride application. Although variable, our results suggest that cotton, grown in a conservation system, responded comparably to mepiquat chloride applications in conventional systems.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70804784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cotton, one of the most important and widely grown crops in the world, is a well-traded agricultural commodity primarily for textile fiber purposes. In addition, cottonseed (a byproduct of fiber production) has been used as an agro-based raw material for manufacturing bio-friendly and sustainable products. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of cotton biomass products/byproducts is an important research area for quality monitoring, improvement, and enhanced use. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is a nondestructive instrumental technique widely used in applied cotton fiber and cottonseed research. This review synthesizes and analyzes the latest developments using FT-IR spectroscopy in investigation of cotton fiber and three cottonseed components (oil, meal/protein, hull) that are impacted by various genetic, cropping, post-harvest processing, and end-use parameters and conditions. Increased knowledge from this review could provide insight and vision in future FT-IR research for the chemistry and quality-evolving mechanisms of these cotton biomass products and their end-uses.
{"title":"Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis in Applied Cotton Fiber and Cottonseed Research: A Review","authors":"Zhongqi He, Yongliang Liu","doi":"10.56454/inbj9899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/inbj9899","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton, one of the most important and widely grown crops in the world, is a well-traded agricultural commodity primarily for textile fiber purposes. In addition, cottonseed (a byproduct of fiber production) has been used as an agro-based raw material for manufacturing bio-friendly and sustainable products. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of cotton biomass products/byproducts is an important research area for quality monitoring, improvement, and enhanced use. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is a nondestructive instrumental technique widely used in applied cotton fiber and cottonseed research. This review synthesizes and analyzes the latest developments using FT-IR spectroscopy in investigation of cotton fiber and three cottonseed components (oil, meal/protein, hull) that are impacted by various genetic, cropping, post-harvest processing, and end-use parameters and conditions. Increased knowledge from this review could provide insight and vision in future FT-IR research for the chemistry and quality-evolving mechanisms of these cotton biomass products and their end-uses.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isaac L. Esquivel, M. Starek, Sorin Popescu, M. Brewer, R. Coulson
The use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) delivering imaging technologies in agricultural settings has become more prevalent over the past five years and is growing in pest management programs. Here, spectral data from a three-band consumer-grade camera with a filter to obtain Near Infrared (NIR) data, mounted on a fixed-winged UAS, was used to assess the ability to detect cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), injury to immature fruiting bodies on cotton. In a small plot experiment conducted two years and two planting periods each year, cotton fleahopper densities were manipulated with insecticide. Variable populations of cotton fleahopper across the plots were achieved in 2015, ranging between 0 and 3.5 cotton fleahopper-days over a five-week period when squares were forming. Derived from spectral data of multiple UAS flights, unexpected but inconsistent trends (by regression analysis) of increasing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), values with increasing cotton fleahopper days were detected in both plantings and years (five of 12 regressions were significant). Our preliminary data suggest that differences in cotton fleahopper activity on cotton may be reflected in NDVI values using a modified consumer-grade camera in-season. But the interpretation of NDVI may be complicated by the feeding site of cotton fleahopper, leading to unexpected and inconsistent regressions. Exploration of image resolution and bandwidth to define optical sensor needs appears important for cotton fleahopper, given its feeding habitat and injury to cotton. The application of UAS-derived remotely sensed data to detect insect-induced plant stress continues to have merit, but a merging of best suited UAS technology to the needs of detecting insect-induced cotton stress will be a research-intensive endeavor.
{"title":"Preliminary Approach in Detecting Cotton Fleahopper Induced Damage Via Unmanned Aerial Systems and Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices","authors":"Isaac L. Esquivel, M. Starek, Sorin Popescu, M. Brewer, R. Coulson","doi":"10.56454/ukzo6465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/ukzo6465","url":null,"abstract":"The use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) delivering imaging technologies in agricultural settings has become more prevalent over the past five years and is growing in pest management programs. Here, spectral data from a three-band consumer-grade camera with a filter to obtain Near Infrared (NIR) data, mounted on a fixed-winged UAS, was used to assess the ability to detect cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), injury to immature fruiting bodies on cotton. In a small plot experiment conducted two years and two planting periods each year, cotton fleahopper densities were manipulated with insecticide. Variable populations of cotton fleahopper across the plots were achieved in 2015, ranging between 0 and 3.5 cotton fleahopper-days over a five-week period when squares were forming. Derived from spectral data of multiple UAS flights, unexpected but inconsistent trends (by regression analysis) of increasing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), values with increasing cotton fleahopper days were detected in both plantings and years (five of 12 regressions were significant). Our preliminary data suggest that differences in cotton fleahopper activity on cotton may be reflected in NDVI values using a modified consumer-grade camera in-season. But the interpretation of NDVI may be complicated by the feeding site of cotton fleahopper, leading to unexpected and inconsistent regressions. Exploration of image resolution and bandwidth to define optical sensor needs appears important for cotton fleahopper, given its feeding habitat and injury to cotton. The application of UAS-derived remotely sensed data to detect insect-induced plant stress continues to have merit, but a merging of best suited UAS technology to the needs of detecting insect-induced cotton stress will be a research-intensive endeavor.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Plumblee, D. Dodds, L. Krutz, Angus L. Catchot Jr., J. T. Irby, J. Jenkins
Properly terminating furrow irrigation in mid-southern United States (U.S.) crops could reduce irrigation costs, the likelihood of adverse harvest conditions, and agricultural withdrawal from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA). This research was conducted to determine an optimum termination window for furrow-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the mid-southern U.S. The effects of irrigation termination timing on cotton lint yield, net returns, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were evaluated on a Leeper silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts) and on a Dundee silty clay (fine-silty, mixed, active, Typic Endoaqualfs). Neither terminating nor continuing to irrigate cotton from cutout (NAWF = 5) up to three weeks past first cracked boll had an effect on lint yield or fiber quality (p ≥ 0.6107). Irrigation water use efficiency declined when water was applied past cutout (p < 0.0001). Results indicate that irrigation in cotton can be terminated at cutout without adversely effecting lint yield and fiber quality if soil water potential does not exceed -130 kPa prior to first cracked boll. Terminating irrigation in cotton at cutout could reduce late season irrigation cost and reduce water withdrawal from the MRVAA thus improving it sustainability.
{"title":"Optimum Irrigation Termination Timing in Furrow Irrigated Cotton","authors":"M. Plumblee, D. Dodds, L. Krutz, Angus L. Catchot Jr., J. T. Irby, J. Jenkins","doi":"10.56454/hztj9893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/hztj9893","url":null,"abstract":"Properly terminating furrow irrigation in mid-southern United States (U.S.) crops could reduce irrigation costs, the likelihood of adverse harvest conditions, and agricultural withdrawal from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA). This research was conducted to determine an optimum termination window for furrow-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the mid-southern U.S. The effects of irrigation termination timing on cotton lint yield, net returns, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were evaluated on a Leeper silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts) and on a Dundee silty clay (fine-silty, mixed, active, Typic Endoaqualfs). Neither terminating nor continuing to irrigate cotton from cutout (NAWF = 5) up to three weeks past first cracked boll had an effect on lint yield or fiber quality (p ≥ 0.6107). Irrigation water use efficiency declined when water was applied past cutout (p < 0.0001). Results indicate that irrigation in cotton can be terminated at cutout without adversely effecting lint yield and fiber quality if soil water potential does not exceed -130 kPa prior to first cracked boll. Terminating irrigation in cotton at cutout could reduce late season irrigation cost and reduce water withdrawal from the MRVAA thus improving it sustainability.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All previous studies reporting the application time-of-day effect for herbicides have been conducted with a single-orifice, flat fan nozzle. Whether an increased number of flat fans in the nozzle could affect the application time-of-day effect is unknown. A replicated outdoor pot experiment was conducted to determine the best application time for trifloxysulfuron from 05:00 (before sunrise), 07:00 (after sunrise), 09:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00, 17:00, 19:00 (before sunset), and 21:00 (after sunset) against velvetleaf when sprayed with a single-, dual-, or triplet-orifice flat fan nozzles. Trifloxysulfuron sprayed with the single-orifice flat fan nozzle at 05:00 was the least effective treatment reducing velvetleaf fresh weight by 51%. When the single-orifice flat fan nozzle was used, velvetleaf fresh weight, expressed as a quadratic polynomial function with a parabola opening upward, decreased as the application time changed from 05:00 to 11:00 (70% control); thereafter, it increased until 21:00. When the dual- and triplet-orifice flat fan nozzles were used, velvetleaf fresh weight, expressed as a quadratic polynomial function with a parabola opening downward, increased from 05:00 to 07:00; thereafter, it increased as the application time changed until 19:00 (the best application time, reducing velvetleaf fresh weight by 82%). Foliar nyctinasty in velvetleaf is responsible for decreased efficacy of trifloxysulfuron sprayed with the single-orifice flat fan nozzle before sunset. This obstacle can be overcome using the dual- or triplet-orifice flat fan nozzles.
{"title":"The Application Time-of-Day Effect for Trifloxysulfuron Against Velvetleaf as Affected by Nozzle Type","authors":"A. Aliverdi, G. Ahmadvand","doi":"10.56454/ynjv9634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/ynjv9634","url":null,"abstract":"All previous studies reporting the application time-of-day effect for herbicides have been conducted with a single-orifice, flat fan nozzle. Whether an increased number of flat fans in the nozzle could affect the application time-of-day effect is unknown. A replicated outdoor pot experiment was conducted to determine the best application time for trifloxysulfuron from 05:00 (before sunrise), 07:00 (after sunrise), 09:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00, 17:00, 19:00 (before sunset), and 21:00 (after sunset) against velvetleaf when sprayed with a single-, dual-, or triplet-orifice flat fan nozzles. Trifloxysulfuron sprayed with the single-orifice flat fan nozzle at 05:00 was the least effective treatment reducing velvetleaf fresh weight by 51%. When the single-orifice flat fan nozzle was used, velvetleaf fresh weight, expressed as a quadratic polynomial function with a parabola opening upward, decreased as the application time changed from 05:00 to 11:00 (70% control); thereafter, it increased until 21:00. When the dual- and triplet-orifice flat fan nozzles were used, velvetleaf fresh weight, expressed as a quadratic polynomial function with a parabola opening downward, increased from 05:00 to 07:00; thereafter, it increased as the application time changed until 19:00 (the best application time, reducing velvetleaf fresh weight by 82%). Foliar nyctinasty in velvetleaf is responsible for decreased efficacy of trifloxysulfuron sprayed with the single-orifice flat fan nozzle before sunset. This obstacle can be overcome using the dual- or triplet-orifice flat fan nozzles.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This note describes the updated design and operation of an inspection system that provides ginners an instantaneous view of the dispersing cylinders in a cotton gin module feeder. Images are provided by network cameras installed in the back wall of a module feeder using a new adjustable housing design that allows for easier installation into various module feeder designs. We observed that when these systems are installed and operated, accumulation of plastic and other contaminants on dispersing cylinders is detected and removed more quickly than when the cylinders are manually checked between work shifts or during other pauses in gin operation. Gin crews are more responsive to plastic accumulation on the dispersing cylinders because they can see when it occurs and quickly remove the contaminants, thereby reducing the risk of plastic contamination in lint bales.
{"title":"A Module Feeder Inspection System For Plastic Contamination – Updated System Design","authors":"J. Wanjura, M. Pelletier, G. Holt","doi":"10.56454/plnv5099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/plnv5099","url":null,"abstract":"This note describes the updated design and operation of an inspection system that provides ginners an instantaneous view of the dispersing cylinders in a cotton gin module feeder. Images are provided by network cameras installed in the back wall of a module feeder using a new adjustable housing design that allows for easier installation into various module feeder designs. We observed that when these systems are installed and operated, accumulation of plastic and other contaminants on dispersing cylinders is detected and removed more quickly than when the cylinders are manually checked between work shifts or during other pauses in gin operation. Gin crews are more responsive to plastic accumulation on the dispersing cylinders because they can see when it occurs and quickly remove the contaminants, thereby reducing the risk of plastic contamination in lint bales.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Bellaloui, S. Saha, Jennifer L Tonos, J. Scheffler, J. Jenkins, Jack C. McCarty Jr., D. Stelly
Cottonseed contains high quality protein meal for feed and oil for human consumption, but gossypol in cottonseed has potential toxicity and detrimental effects that limit cottonseed use as food for humans and monogastric animals. Therefore, identifying germplasm containing lower gossypol content is critical. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of specific chromosomes or chromosome segments from Gossypium barbadense, G. tomentosum, and G. mustelinum, respectively, on (+) and (−) gossypol levels when substituted into G. hirsutum. A total of 11 genotypes were used in this study: nine chromosome substitution lines (CS lines) were investigated for cottonseed gossypol level in field experiments in 2013 and 2014; TM-1 (the recurrent parent of the CS line) and AM UA48 (cultivar) were used as controls. Results showed significant variation in gossypol level and its fractions among CS lines. This variation is a result of chromosome substitution, although it was also affected by environment (location) as location x genotype was significant. Significant positive relationships between total gossypol, (+) gossypol, and (−) gossypol were found. This research demonstrated significant differences among the nine CS lines, and some CS lines had significantly lower gossypol level in cottonseed. These results provide an alternative breeding approach for possibly selecting low levels of gossypol and improving cottonseed nutritional qualities using CS lines.
{"title":"Effect of Chromosome Substitution from Alien Tetraploid Cotton Species in Upland Cotton on (+) and (-) Gossypol Enantiomer Levels in Cottonseed","authors":"N. Bellaloui, S. Saha, Jennifer L Tonos, J. Scheffler, J. Jenkins, Jack C. McCarty Jr., D. Stelly","doi":"10.56454/dvgj8361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/dvgj8361","url":null,"abstract":"Cottonseed contains high quality protein meal for feed and oil for human consumption, but gossypol in cottonseed has potential toxicity and detrimental effects that limit cottonseed use as food for humans and monogastric animals. Therefore, identifying germplasm containing lower gossypol content is critical. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of specific chromosomes or chromosome segments from Gossypium barbadense, G. tomentosum, and G. mustelinum, respectively, on (+) and (−) gossypol levels when substituted into G. hirsutum. A total of 11 genotypes were used in this study: nine chromosome substitution lines (CS lines) were investigated for cottonseed gossypol level in field experiments in 2013 and 2014; TM-1 (the recurrent parent of the CS line) and AM UA48 (cultivar) were used as controls. Results showed significant variation in gossypol level and its fractions among CS lines. This variation is a result of chromosome substitution, although it was also affected by environment (location) as location x genotype was significant. Significant positive relationships between total gossypol, (+) gossypol, and (−) gossypol were found. This research demonstrated significant differences among the nine CS lines, and some CS lines had significantly lower gossypol level in cottonseed. These results provide an alternative breeding approach for possibly selecting low levels of gossypol and improving cottonseed nutritional qualities using CS lines.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70802871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. W. Smith, S. Hague, E. Hequet, Brendan R. Kelly
Ring and rotor spinning predominate the cotton spinning market with ring spinning dominating globally while United States (U.S.) spinners prefer rotor because of its production speed and high automation level. Newer and faster spinning technologies such as “air jet” spinning, exemplified by Murata Vortex Spinning (MVS), are being deployed. Rotor spinning produces yarn five times faster than ring, and the MVS produces 100 % cotton yarn over 20 times faster than ring spinning. Fiber quality improvements will be necessary for Upland cotton to be competitive with other fibers on MVS. Texas A&M Agrilife Research has released improved fiber quality germplasm lines and cultivars that equal or exceed the fiber quality parameters associated with the New Mexico Acala germplasm pool, which is considered the elite quality among Upland breeding pools. Two improved quality Texas A&M germplasm lines were compared with Acala 1517-08 for High Volume Instrument (HVI) and Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) fiber quality parameters plus yarn strength and appearance parameters. These genotypes were grown in 2017 and 2019 at Weslaco, Texas under irrigated culture. The three genotypes were similar in all fiber quality measurements except lengh and fiber strength. TAM 06WE-621 and TAM KJ-Q14 produced stronger yarns with improved yarn appearance when spun on either ring or air jet spinning technologies. Data suggest that the Texas A&M quality germplasm pool can be used to develop Upland cotton cultivars that will produce fibers competitive for the emerging MVS technology.
{"title":"Yarn Performance of Texas Quality Upland Cotton Germplasm","authors":"C. W. Smith, S. Hague, E. Hequet, Brendan R. Kelly","doi":"10.56454/blry3877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/blry3877","url":null,"abstract":"Ring and rotor spinning predominate the cotton spinning market with ring spinning dominating globally while United States (U.S.) spinners prefer rotor because of its production speed and high automation level. Newer and faster spinning technologies such as “air jet” spinning, exemplified by Murata Vortex Spinning (MVS), are being deployed. Rotor spinning produces yarn five times faster than ring, and the MVS produces 100 % cotton yarn over 20 times faster than ring spinning. Fiber quality improvements will be necessary for Upland cotton to be competitive with other fibers on MVS. Texas A&M Agrilife Research has released improved fiber quality germplasm lines and cultivars that equal or exceed the fiber quality parameters associated with the New Mexico Acala germplasm pool, which is considered the elite quality among Upland breeding pools. Two improved quality Texas A&M germplasm lines were compared with Acala 1517-08 for High Volume Instrument (HVI) and Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) fiber quality parameters plus yarn strength and appearance parameters. These genotypes were grown in 2017 and 2019 at Weslaco, Texas under irrigated culture. The three genotypes were similar in all fiber quality measurements except lengh and fiber strength. TAM 06WE-621 and TAM KJ-Q14 produced stronger yarns with improved yarn appearance when spun on either ring or air jet spinning technologies. Data suggest that the Texas A&M quality germplasm pool can be used to develop Upland cotton cultivars that will produce fibers competitive for the emerging MVS technology.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Samples, G. Kruger, D. Dodds, J. T. Irby, D. Reynolds, Angus L. Catchot Jr.
Enlist® cotton with tolerance to 2,4-D choline, glyphosate, and glufosinate became publicly available in 2016 to aid growers in controlling glyphosate-resistant weed species. Little data exist regarding the tolerance of Enlist cotton to herbicide tank mixtures containing glyphosate, glufosinate, 2,4-D choline, and S-metolachlor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of Enlist cotton to herbicide tank mixtures including these herbicides. Field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 where cotton was sprayed with herbicide combinations containing glyphosate, glufosinate, S-metolachlor, 2,4-D choline, and a premix formulation of glyphosate and S-metolachlor. Crop injury consisted of necrosis, chlorosis, visual stunting, injury on new growth, and total injury at 7, 14, and 28 days after application (DAA). Cotton lint yield was recorded at the conclusion of each growing season. The greatest levels of necrosis and total injury at 7 DAA were observed following applications of glufosinate + S-metolachlor, alone or in combination with glyphosate or glyphosate + 2,4-D choline. The least amount of necrosis and total injury at 7 DAA was observed following applications of glyphosate, glufosinate, S-metolachlor, glyphosate + glufosinate, or glyphosate + S-metolachlor, which produced less than 13% injury. Visual injury at 14 DAA ranged from 8 to 16% across herbicides applied. At 28 DAA, no differences in visual injury were reported. Lint yield was unaffected by herbicide application. Although transient visual injury is expected, Enlist cotton withstood herbicide applications with up to four modes of action in tankmixture without suffering yield reduction.
2016年，对2,4- d胆碱、草甘膦和草铵膦具有耐受性的Enlist®棉花公开上市，以帮助种植者控制抗草甘膦杂草物种。关于棉花对含有草甘膦、草甘膦、2,4- d胆碱和s -异甲草胺的除草剂罐混合物的耐受性的数据很少。本研究的目的是评价征地棉对含有这些除草剂的除草剂罐混合物的耐受性。在2016年和2017年进行的实地研究中，棉花喷洒了含有草甘膦、草甘膦、s -异甲草胺、2,4- d胆碱以及草甘膦和s -异甲草胺预混制剂的除草剂组合。在施用后7、14和28 d (DAA)，作物损伤表现为坏死、褪绿、视觉发育迟缓、新生损伤和总损伤。在每个生长季节结束时记录棉绒产量。在7 DAA时，草甘膦+ s -甲草胺单独或与草甘膦或草甘膦+ 2,4- d胆碱联合应用后，观察到最大程度的坏死和总损伤。在7 DAA时，草甘膦、草甘膦、s -异甲草胺、草甘膦+草甘膦或草甘膦+ s -异甲草胺的坏死和总损伤量最小，造成的损伤小于13%。不同除草剂对14 DAA的视觉伤害在8%到16%之间。在28 DAA时，视觉损伤无差异。棉花产量不受除草剂施用的影响。虽然短暂的视觉损伤是预期的，但在罐混合物中使用多达四种作用模式的除草剂，棉耐受性不会降低产量。
{"title":"Injury Potential from Herbicide Combinations in Enlist® Cotton","authors":"C. Samples, G. Kruger, D. Dodds, J. T. Irby, D. Reynolds, Angus L. Catchot Jr.","doi":"10.56454/gzxa4524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/gzxa4524","url":null,"abstract":"Enlist® cotton with tolerance to 2,4-D choline, glyphosate, and glufosinate became publicly available in 2016 to aid growers in controlling glyphosate-resistant weed species. Little data exist regarding the tolerance of Enlist cotton to herbicide tank mixtures containing glyphosate, glufosinate, 2,4-D choline, and S-metolachlor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of Enlist cotton to herbicide tank mixtures including these herbicides. Field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 where cotton was sprayed with herbicide combinations containing glyphosate, glufosinate, S-metolachlor, 2,4-D choline, and a premix formulation of glyphosate and S-metolachlor. Crop injury consisted of necrosis, chlorosis, visual stunting, injury on new growth, and total injury at 7, 14, and 28 days after application (DAA). Cotton lint yield was recorded at the conclusion of each growing season. The greatest levels of necrosis and total injury at 7 DAA were observed following applications of glufosinate + S-metolachlor, alone or in combination with glyphosate or glyphosate + 2,4-D choline. The least amount of necrosis and total injury at 7 DAA was observed following applications of glyphosate, glufosinate, S-metolachlor, glyphosate + glufosinate, or glyphosate + S-metolachlor, which produced less than 13% injury. Visual injury at 14 DAA ranged from 8 to 16% across herbicides applied. At 28 DAA, no differences in visual injury were reported. Lint yield was unaffected by herbicide application. Although transient visual injury is expected, Enlist cotton withstood herbicide applications with up to four modes of action in tankmixture without suffering yield reduction.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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