Donna V. Peralta, J. Rodgers, J. Knowlton, C. Fortier
Upland cotton is naturally white, with its yellowness (+b) rating highly influencing its economic value. Field conditions, microorganisms, and growth problems can cause cotton to become discolored at harvest, which has historically been thought to indicate a decrease in product quality. Previous research has suggested that some reactions between amino acids and carbohydrates on the surface of cotton fibers may lead to color development after harvest during certain storage and shipping conditions. There has been a lack of research evidence to understand how initial amounts of those surface constituents present at harvest may indicate the propensity for potential future changes in +b ratings. Due to the monetary implications, it is important for those in the cotton industry to better understand exactly how detrimental the +b value is on the functionality of the cotton. This study aimed to identify potential relationships between the post-harvest surface amino acids and carbohydrates content with color rating values to gain insight using High Volume Instrument (HVI), a portable spectrophotometer, ion chromatography, and a ninhydrin test to compare amino acid and carbohydrate content of 45 upland cotton samples with their color measurements: +b, Rd, and L*a*b*. A correlational statistical analysis found a quadratic relationship between amino acid content and +b; and highly positive correlations between amino acids and +b ratings: 0.8607; and b* values: 0.820 (p<0.05).
{"title":"Upland Cotton Surface Amino Acid and Carbohydrate Contents vs. Color Measurements","authors":"Donna V. Peralta, J. Rodgers, J. Knowlton, C. Fortier","doi":"10.56454/lamm7061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/lamm7061","url":null,"abstract":"Upland cotton is naturally white, with its yellowness (+b) rating highly influencing its economic value. Field conditions, microorganisms, and growth problems can cause cotton to become discolored at harvest, which has historically been thought to indicate a decrease in product quality. Previous research has suggested that some reactions between amino acids and carbohydrates on the surface of cotton fibers may lead to color development after harvest during certain storage and shipping conditions. There has been a lack of research evidence to understand how initial amounts of those surface constituents present at harvest may indicate the propensity for potential future changes in +b ratings. Due to the monetary implications, it is important for those in the cotton industry to better understand exactly how detrimental the +b value is on the functionality of the cotton. This study aimed to identify potential relationships between the post-harvest surface amino acids and carbohydrates content with color rating values to gain insight using High Volume Instrument (HVI), a portable spectrophotometer, ion chromatography, and a ninhydrin test to compare amino acid and carbohydrate content of 45 upland cotton samples with their color measurements: +b, Rd, and L*a*b*. A correlational statistical analysis found a quadratic relationship between amino acid content and +b; and highly positive correlations between amino acids and +b ratings: 0.8607; and b* values: 0.820 (p<0.05).","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70804505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Gottula, Kelly Chapman, Yutuan Gao, N. Gillikin, J. Beale, C. Dharmasri, L. Privalle
Genetically engineered cotton tolerant to two herbicides with unique modes of action has been developed by Bayer CropScience. This cotton event, referred to as HPPDi cotton, was developed through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to express the modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase protein (2mEPSPS) and modified 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD W336) proteins, which respectively confer tolerance to glyphosate and HPPD inhibitor herbicides such as isoxaflutole. The objective of the study was to compare HPPDi cotton (genetic background Coker 312) with non-genetically engineered Coker 312 and commercial reference varieties. Agronomic parameters were collected at 15 field sites including plant population (i.e., stand counts), morphology (i.e., plant mapping) and yield. Lint was analyzed for lint quality via high volume instrument (HVI). Compositional parameters (proximates, anti-nutrients and other components) were analyzed in fuzzy seed produced from eight sites. Statistical analysis was performed to compare HPPDi cotton treated or not treated with isoxaflutole and glyphosate to Coker 312 (the non-genetically engineered conventional counterpart). The results of this comparative assessment indicate that HPPDi cotton is substantially equivalent to its non-genetically engineered conventional counterpart for agronomic parameters, lint quality, and composition as it does not exhibit unexpected agronomic, lint or compositional characteristics.
{"title":"Agronomic Performance and Crop Composition of Genetically Engineered Cotton Tolerant to HPPD Inhibiting Herbicides","authors":"J. Gottula, Kelly Chapman, Yutuan Gao, N. Gillikin, J. Beale, C. Dharmasri, L. Privalle","doi":"10.56454/okjh3946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/okjh3946","url":null,"abstract":"Genetically engineered cotton tolerant to two herbicides with unique modes of action has been developed by Bayer CropScience. This cotton event, referred to as HPPDi cotton, was developed through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to express the modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase protein (2mEPSPS) and modified 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD W336) proteins, which respectively confer tolerance to glyphosate and HPPD inhibitor herbicides such as isoxaflutole. The objective of the study was to compare HPPDi cotton (genetic background Coker 312) with non-genetically engineered Coker 312 and commercial reference varieties. Agronomic parameters were collected at 15 field sites including plant population (i.e., stand counts), morphology (i.e., plant mapping) and yield. Lint was analyzed for lint quality via high volume instrument (HVI). Compositional parameters (proximates, anti-nutrients and other components) were analyzed in fuzzy seed produced from eight sites. Statistical analysis was performed to compare HPPDi cotton treated or not treated with isoxaflutole and glyphosate to Coker 312 (the non-genetically engineered conventional counterpart). The results of this comparative assessment indicate that HPPDi cotton is substantially equivalent to its non-genetically engineered conventional counterpart for agronomic parameters, lint quality, and composition as it does not exhibit unexpected agronomic, lint or compositional characteristics.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In conservation agriculture, cover crops must produce sufficient biomass for effective soil coverage and managed appropriately to avoid planting problems. Producers have been inquiring about proper cover crop management including suitable rolling cover crop directions (with respect to planting cash crop) and row cleaner type to be successful in a conservation system. A field experiment evaluated the effects of different rolling directions of cereal rye relative to cotton planting. A no-till planter with commercial row cleaners and a custom residue pusher was evaluated based on cotton stand, emergence rate index (ERI), and cotton yield. Two Alabama locations were chosen to account for different climatic and soil conditions. Cereal rye was terminated with a roller/crimper and glyphosate. Parallel rolling to planting cotton and non-rolled residue using any of the tested row cleaners generated the highest cotton stand when compared to no row cleaner. The DawnTM row cleaner with pusher had a higher cotton stand, especially for non-rolled rye, by effectively pushing residue against the soil surface while planting. Stand was highly correlated with ERI (R2 = 0.99); the fastest ERI was obtained with the parallel rolling with all tested row cleaners. The slowest ERI was with perpendicular and diagonal directions with no row-cleaner. Cotton yield mostly depended on weather; however, row-cleaner treatments had an effect on yield with a lower yield for no row-cleaner. Higher rye accumulation on row cleaners was for standing rye and the Dawn row cleaner due to wrapping and required more time to clean from the planter.
{"title":"Effect of Rye Cover Crop Management Methods on Cotton Growth in a Conservation System","authors":"T. Kornecki","doi":"10.56454/mbiu6609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/mbiu6609","url":null,"abstract":"In conservation agriculture, cover crops must produce sufficient biomass for effective soil coverage and managed appropriately to avoid planting problems. Producers have been inquiring about proper cover crop management including suitable rolling cover crop directions (with respect to planting cash crop) and row cleaner type to be successful in a conservation system. A field experiment evaluated the effects of different rolling directions of cereal rye relative to cotton planting. A no-till planter with commercial row cleaners and a custom residue pusher was evaluated based on cotton stand, emergence rate index (ERI), and cotton yield. Two Alabama locations were chosen to account for different climatic and soil conditions. Cereal rye was terminated with a roller/crimper and glyphosate. Parallel rolling to planting cotton and non-rolled residue using any of the tested row cleaners generated the highest cotton stand when compared to no row cleaner. The DawnTM row cleaner with pusher had a higher cotton stand, especially for non-rolled rye, by effectively pushing residue against the soil surface while planting. Stand was highly correlated with ERI (R2 = 0.99); the fastest ERI was obtained with the parallel rolling with all tested row cleaners. The slowest ERI was with perpendicular and diagonal directions with no row-cleaner. Cotton yield mostly depended on weather; however, row-cleaner treatments had an effect on yield with a lower yield for no row-cleaner. Higher rye accumulation on row cleaners was for standing rye and the Dawn row cleaner due to wrapping and required more time to clean from the planter.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70804700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cotton is a natural fiber and is highly variable. Researchers need to evaluate cotton fiber properties to aid in the development of improved varieties and to ensure that changes in agronomic practices do not harm fiber quality or processing propensity. There is a need for fiber quality evaluation beyond laboratory testing which has primarily been designed to assign a value to cotton for trade purposes. The amount of material available to researchers for evaluation is often limited. It is not possible to spin these small samples using conventional processing techniques and machinery. This limitation has led to the development of miniature-scale spinning systems. The objective of this study was to review previously developed miniature processing systems and to introduce an improved system that addresses the weaknesses of previous systems. Commercially available equipment was modified to develop a new miniature spinning system. The newly developed miniature scale processing system was used to convert fiber into quality ring spun yarn. Data were collected to verify the performance of the new system. Depending on the fiber quality, different yarn qualities were produced. The newly developed miniature spinning system processed small cotton samples more efficiently and produced better quality yarn than previous miniature-scale systems.
{"title":"Miniature Spinning: An Improved Cotton Research Tool","authors":"R. Manandhar, C. Delhom","doi":"10.56454/klbl8807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/klbl8807","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton is a natural fiber and is highly variable. Researchers need to evaluate cotton fiber properties to aid in the development of improved varieties and to ensure that changes in agronomic practices do not harm fiber quality or processing propensity. There is a need for fiber quality evaluation beyond laboratory testing which has primarily been designed to assign a value to cotton for trade purposes. The amount of material available to researchers for evaluation is often limited. It is not possible to spin these small samples using conventional processing techniques and machinery. This limitation has led to the development of miniature-scale spinning systems. The objective of this study was to review previously developed miniature processing systems and to introduce an improved system that addresses the weaknesses of previous systems. Commercially available equipment was modified to develop a new miniature spinning system. The newly developed miniature scale processing system was used to convert fiber into quality ring spun yarn. Data were collected to verify the performance of the new system. Depending on the fiber quality, different yarn qualities were produced. The newly developed miniature spinning system processed small cotton samples more efficiently and produced better quality yarn than previous miniature-scale systems.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70804124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, overwinters in an adult diapause. However, the ecological implications of diapause to L. hesperus population survival are poorly understood. Enhanced understanding of L. hesperus overwintering ecology might reveal opportunities to develop ecologically-based management tactics. One factor limiting efforts to understand the dynamics of overwintering is lack of a non-destructive method to distinguish diapause. We evaluated a suite of external characters for utility in distinguishing diapausing from non-diapausing L. hesperus. Abdomen coloration of female L. hesperus was a highly reliable indicator of diapause status. During these studies, a single female (0.6%) was misclassified using the abdomen color criterion. For male L. hesperus, corrected abdomen length (abdomen length / head capsule width) was used to predict diapause status with ≈84% accuracy. Both criteria provided improved accuracy compared with earlier reports, in part because their application was limited to adults of a specific age (10 d) and reared at a specific temperature (26.7°C). Application of these criteria to individuals that were subsequently starved allowed us to unambiguously distinguish the survival functions of diapausing and non-diapausing males and females. Although neither criterion (abdomen color for females, corrected abdomen length for males) was error-free, both offer sufficient accuracy to justify their use in studies of the ecology, physiology, or molecular biology of L. hesperus diapause. These criteria provide the ability to non-destructively distinguish the diapause status of adult L. hesperus with reasonable accuracy, and should enhance efforts to better understand diapause and overwintering ecology in this important pest species.
{"title":"Non-Destructive Detection of Diapause in the Western Tarnished Plant Bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae)","authors":"D. Spurgeon, J. Hull","doi":"10.56454/vpdc6187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/vpdc6187","url":null,"abstract":"The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, overwinters in an adult diapause. However, the ecological implications of diapause to L. hesperus population survival are poorly understood. Enhanced understanding of L. hesperus overwintering ecology might reveal opportunities to develop ecologically-based management tactics. One factor limiting efforts to understand the dynamics of overwintering is lack of a non-destructive method to distinguish diapause. We evaluated a suite of external characters for utility in distinguishing diapausing from non-diapausing L. hesperus. Abdomen coloration of female L. hesperus was a highly reliable indicator of diapause status. During these studies, a single female (0.6%) was misclassified using the abdomen color criterion. For male L. hesperus, corrected abdomen length (abdomen length / head capsule width) was used to predict diapause status with ≈84% accuracy. Both criteria provided improved accuracy compared with earlier reports, in part because their application was limited to adults of a specific age (10 d) and reared at a specific temperature (26.7°C). Application of these criteria to individuals that were subsequently starved allowed us to unambiguously distinguish the survival functions of diapausing and non-diapausing males and females. Although neither criterion (abdomen color for females, corrected abdomen length for males) was error-free, both offer sufficient accuracy to justify their use in studies of the ecology, physiology, or molecular biology of L. hesperus diapause. These criteria provide the ability to non-destructively distinguish the diapause status of adult L. hesperus with reasonable accuracy, and should enhance efforts to better understand diapause and overwintering ecology in this important pest species.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Maeda, J. T. Cothren, J. Heilman, C. Fernández, G. Morgan, V. Costa, M. Maeda
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the lead cash crop in Texas, and its productivity is often challenged by stressful environmental conditions such as high temperatures and sub-optimal water supply. The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) applications triggered by canopy temperature and forecasted ambient temperatures on field-grown cotton plants. Physiological responses to 1-MCP applications were investigated in field studies conducted during the summers of 2012-2014 at the Texas A&M University Field Laboratory in Burleson County, TX. During all three growing seasons, more than 65% of the days reached temperatures above 28 °C, which indicated great potential for high temperature stress. Daily plant canopy temperature, net photosynthesis, transpiration, and photosystem II quantum yield were affected by 1-MCP treatment when plants were irrigated, but not under dryland conditions. Positive effects of 1-MCP were found for fruit retention in 2013 and 2014, for both irrigated and dryland studies, although a negative impact was found in the 2012 irrigated study. Applications of 1-MCP affected physiological characteristics; however, it did not affect crop yield.
{"title":"1-Methylcyclopropene Effects on Field-Grown Cotton: Physiological Characteristics","authors":"M. Maeda, J. T. Cothren, J. Heilman, C. Fernández, G. Morgan, V. Costa, M. Maeda","doi":"10.56454/zoip9502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/zoip9502","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the lead cash crop in Texas, and its productivity is often challenged by stressful environmental conditions such as high temperatures and sub-optimal water supply. The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) applications triggered by canopy temperature and forecasted ambient temperatures on field-grown cotton plants. Physiological responses to 1-MCP applications were investigated in field studies conducted during the summers of 2012-2014 at the Texas A&M University Field Laboratory in Burleson County, TX. During all three growing seasons, more than 65% of the days reached temperatures above 28 °C, which indicated great potential for high temperature stress. Daily plant canopy temperature, net photosynthesis, transpiration, and photosystem II quantum yield were affected by 1-MCP treatment when plants were irrigated, but not under dryland conditions. Positive effects of 1-MCP were found for fruit retention in 2013 and 2014, for both irrigated and dryland studies, although a negative impact was found in the 2012 irrigated study. Applications of 1-MCP affected physiological characteristics; however, it did not affect crop yield.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70806069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The high volume instrument (HVITM) instrumental leaf grade index has been accepted in both domestic and international cotton fiber trading. There is interest in how trash content in cotton samples impact the HVI measurements. In this investigation, HVI micronaire attribute was measured on commercial cotton bales representing instrumental leaf grade categories one to six, pre- and post- Shirley Analyzer (SA) cleaning process. The SA system was used since it is a traditional gravimetric cotton trash reference method, and also plays a role as a small-scale cotton trash cleaner. This study first examined the variations of five repeated HVI micronaire measurements within one pre-SA or post-SA cleaned cotton, and it revealed an insignificant effect of trash presence in high instrumental leaf grade cottons on HVI micronaire measurement repeatability. A comparison of HVI micronaire between pre-SA and post-SA cleaned cottons indicated a good agreement, suggesting minimal effect of cotton trash presence in commercial cottons on their HVI micronaire determination. Meanwhile, higher instrumental leaf grade cottons were observed to show lower micronaire values.
{"title":"Effect of Instrumental Leaf Grade On HVI Micronaire Measurement In Commercial Cotton Bales","authors":"Youngliang Liu, C. Delhom","doi":"10.56454/nuui3300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/nuui3300","url":null,"abstract":"The high volume instrument (HVITM) instrumental leaf grade index has been accepted in both domestic and international cotton fiber trading. There is interest in how trash content in cotton samples impact the HVI measurements. In this investigation, HVI micronaire attribute was measured on commercial cotton bales representing instrumental leaf grade categories one to six, pre- and post- Shirley Analyzer (SA) cleaning process. The SA system was used since it is a traditional gravimetric cotton trash reference method, and also plays a role as a small-scale cotton trash cleaner. This study first examined the variations of five repeated HVI micronaire measurements within one pre-SA or post-SA cleaned cotton, and it revealed an insignificant effect of trash presence in high instrumental leaf grade cottons on HVI micronaire measurement repeatability. A comparison of HVI micronaire between pre-SA and post-SA cleaned cottons indicated a good agreement, suggesting minimal effect of cotton trash presence in commercial cottons on their HVI micronaire determination. Meanwhile, higher instrumental leaf grade cottons were observed to show lower micronaire values.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70804953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The New Mexico Cotton Breeding Program was established in 1926 and has been led by five generations of breeders. The program has released 37 Acala 1517 and one short-staple Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars and numerous germplasm lines. Two Sea-Island G. barbadense L. cultivars have been released for production in the Mesilla Valley, NM. New Mexico germplasm has contributed to the development of 45% of the commercial cotton cultivars including almost all Acala cultivars in California, and has contributed to the improvement in fiber length and strength in U.S. cottons. Many Acala 1517 cultivars are tolerant or resistant to Verticillium wilt and bacterial blight. The recent releases include three transgenic Acala 1517 cultivars, one conventional and two glandless cultivars. The current research program focuses on fiber and seed quality (glandless) to develop elite germplasm with high yields and superior fiber quality and with resistance to Verticillium and Fusarium wilt, thrips, bacterial blight, leaf spot, cotton rust, and tolerance to drought and salinity. Upland × Pima introgression and development of the hybrid seed production system based on cytoplasmic male sterility and the haploid-producing system based on semigamy are also important aspects of the program. Extensive applications of genomic tools and approaches in the program include DNA marker and population development, linkage map construction, and quantitative trait locus mapping. In recent years, reduction in funding and lack of institutional support has hampered the program in delivering solutions to challenging issues such as Fusarium wilt race 4 faced by the cotton farmer.
{"title":"History and Progress in Cotton Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics in New Mexico","authors":"Jinfa Zhang","doi":"10.56454/iayn2215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/iayn2215","url":null,"abstract":"The New Mexico Cotton Breeding Program was established in 1926 and has been led by five generations of breeders. The program has released 37 Acala 1517 and one short-staple Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars and numerous germplasm lines. Two Sea-Island G. barbadense L. cultivars have been released for production in the Mesilla Valley, NM. New Mexico germplasm has contributed to the development of 45% of the commercial cotton cultivars including almost all Acala cultivars in California, and has contributed to the improvement in fiber length and strength in U.S. cottons. Many Acala 1517 cultivars are tolerant or resistant to Verticillium wilt and bacterial blight. The recent releases include three transgenic Acala 1517 cultivars, one conventional and two glandless cultivars. The current research program focuses on fiber and seed quality (glandless) to develop elite germplasm with high yields and superior fiber quality and with resistance to Verticillium and Fusarium wilt, thrips, bacterial blight, leaf spot, cotton rust, and tolerance to drought and salinity. Upland × Pima introgression and development of the hybrid seed production system based on cytoplasmic male sterility and the haploid-producing system based on semigamy are also important aspects of the program. Extensive applications of genomic tools and approaches in the program include DNA marker and population development, linkage map construction, and quantitative trait locus mapping. In recent years, reduction in funding and lack of institutional support has hampered the program in delivering solutions to challenging issues such as Fusarium wilt race 4 faced by the cotton farmer.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improving fiber quality has been an important breeding goal for cotton breeders. Better understanding of fiber development helps cotton scientists to devise a strategy for crop improvement either through marker-assisted selection or via manipulation of fiber genes. USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC) in New Orleans, LA has a long history of studying postharvest fiber chemistry and physics, but research on cotton fiber development in planta began only in 1985. During the period of 1985 to 2008, cotton fiber bioscience research at SRRC was led by Barbara Triplett whose research focused on dissecting cotton fiber development at the level of gene processes and testing hypotheses about the functional roles of specific genes or cohorts of coordinately regulated genes in important fiber traits. Following stakeholders’ recommendations, the cotton fiber bioscience research unit (CFBRU) was established in 2007 at SRRC. Currently, research projects at the CFBRU are focusing on 1) in-depth research to understand the basic biology of cotton fiber development, 2) genetically mapping fiber quality and yield quantitative trait loci, and 3) using the obtained information in breeding to improve cotton fiber quality. Major recent accomplishments include, but are not limited to, identification of causative genes for Ligon-lintless 1 and immature fiber mutations and identification of stable large-effect fiber quantitative trait loci and their application in practical breeding.
{"title":"History of Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research at USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center","authors":"D. Fang, Hee-Jin Kim","doi":"10.56454/jffw1776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/jffw1776","url":null,"abstract":"Improving fiber quality has been an important breeding goal for cotton breeders. Better understanding of fiber development helps cotton scientists to devise a strategy for crop improvement either through marker-assisted selection or via manipulation of fiber genes. USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC) in New Orleans, LA has a long history of studying postharvest fiber chemistry and physics, but research on cotton fiber development in planta began only in 1985. During the period of 1985 to 2008, cotton fiber bioscience research at SRRC was led by Barbara Triplett whose research focused on dissecting cotton fiber development at the level of gene processes and testing hypotheses about the functional roles of specific genes or cohorts of coordinately regulated genes in important fiber traits. Following stakeholders’ recommendations, the cotton fiber bioscience research unit (CFBRU) was established in 2007 at SRRC. Currently, research projects at the CFBRU are focusing on 1) in-depth research to understand the basic biology of cotton fiber development, 2) genetically mapping fiber quality and yield quantitative trait loci, and 3) using the obtained information in breeding to improve cotton fiber quality. Major recent accomplishments include, but are not limited to, identification of causative genes for Ligon-lintless 1 and immature fiber mutations and identification of stable large-effect fiber quantitative trait loci and their application in practical breeding.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because of the continual efforts to breed cotton for increased fiber yield, several seed/fiber compositional properties have likely shifted over the decades. Conversations with breeders, ginners, and oil processers have identified several concerns, including smaller seed size, weaker hulls, increased seed and hull fragment contamination of fiber, and reduced seed oil and protein levels—all of which directly affect the economic value of the crop. To better understand these changes, field cotton samples of current cultivars were collected from areas around Stoneville, MS; Lubbock, TX; and Las Cruces, NM. The samples were ginned and cleaned to determine seed-to-fiber ratio, seed index, and the proportions of linter, hull, and kernel tissues. Kernels were then analyzed for oil, protein, and gossypol. Results from the three-year study (2014 through 2016) indicated that the average seed-to-fiber ratio was 1.41 ± 0.11 (range: 1.19–1.61, as is basis) and has declined compared with data sets published prior to 1950. Of the varieties included in the study, seed index averaged 9.75 ± 0.99 g (range: 8.08–11.8 g, as is basis) and also showed an overall decline compared with early published data. Seed tissue proportions have changed less, although a decrease in the percentage of linters was apparent. The average level of seed oil and protein does not appear to have changed much over the years, although oil levels were very low for a few individual cultivars.
{"title":"Seed-Fiber Ratio, Seed Index, And Seed Tissue and Compositional Properties Of Current Cotton Cultivars","authors":"M. Dowd, S. M. Pelitire, C. Delhom","doi":"10.56454/rjni8976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/rjni8976","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the continual efforts to breed cotton for increased fiber yield, several seed/fiber compositional properties have likely shifted over the decades. Conversations with breeders, ginners, and oil processers have identified several concerns, including smaller seed size, weaker hulls, increased seed and hull fragment contamination of fiber, and reduced seed oil and protein levels—all of which directly affect the economic value of the crop. To better understand these changes, field cotton samples of current cultivars were collected from areas around Stoneville, MS; Lubbock, TX; and Las Cruces, NM. The samples were ginned and cleaned to determine seed-to-fiber ratio, seed index, and the proportions of linter, hull, and kernel tissues. Kernels were then analyzed for oil, protein, and gossypol. Results from the three-year study (2014 through 2016) indicated that the average seed-to-fiber ratio was 1.41 ± 0.11 (range: 1.19–1.61, as is basis) and has declined compared with data sets published prior to 1950. Of the varieties included in the study, seed index averaged 9.75 ± 0.99 g (range: 8.08–11.8 g, as is basis) and also showed an overall decline compared with early published data. Seed tissue proportions have changed less, although a decrease in the percentage of linters was apparent. The average level of seed oil and protein does not appear to have changed much over the years, although oil levels were very low for a few individual cultivars.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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