J. D. Copeland, A. Culpepper, A. C. York, L. Steckel, Daniel O. Stephenson IV, J. Bond
Glufosinate is used widely to control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Previous research has shown weed control with several herbicides, including glufosinate, can be affected by application time of day. The response sometimes has been attributed to diurnal leaf movement (leaf orientation) in the weeds. The objectives of our research were to determine the influence of time of day of glufosinate application on Palmer amaranth control and to determine if the response was related to diurnal leaf orientation. Field experiments in five states evaluated Palmer amaranth control with glufosinate applied at nine intervals ranging from 1 h before sunrise to 6 h after sunrise and nine intervals ranging from 6 h before sunset to 1 h after sunset. Greatest Palmer amaranth control was achieved with glufosinate applied 2 h after sunrise to 1 h before sunset. Ammonium sulfate, added only to glufosinate 1 h before sunrise or 1 h after sunset treatments, did not improve control. Leaf angles of Palmer amaranth and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti L.) were determined in a greenhouse at 1 h before light, 2 h after light, mid-day, 2 h before dark, and 1 h after dark. Leaves of velvetleaf oriented downward during the dark periods but time of day had no effect on leaf orientation of Palmer amaranth. These results demonstrate the need for sunlight for optimum glufosinate efficacy on Palmer amaranth.
草铵膦被广泛用于防治棉花中抗草甘膦的苋菜(Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.)。先前的研究表明，包括草铵膦在内的几种除草剂的杂草控制可能会受到一天中使用时间的影响。这种反应有时归因于杂草的叶片日运动(叶片取向)。本研究的目的是确定施用草铵膦的时间对苋菜防治的影响，并确定反应是否与昼夜叶片取向有关。5个州的田间试验评估了草铵膦在日出前1小时至日出后6小时、日落前6小时至日落后1小时9个时间间隔内对苋菜的防治效果。在日出后2小时至日落前1小时施用草铵膦，对苋菜苋的控制效果最好。仅在日出前1 h或日落后1 h加入草甘膦处理的硫酸铵对控制效果没有改善。在温室条件下，分别于光照前1 h、光照后2 h、正午、光照前2 h和光照后1 h测定了苋菜和丝绒叶的叶角。丝绒叶在黑暗期叶片向下移，而白天时间对苋菜叶片向下移没有影响。这些结果表明，草甘膦对苋菜的最佳药效需要阳光照射。
{"title":"Palmer Amaranth Control by Glufosinate Depends on Application Time of Day","authors":"J. D. Copeland, A. Culpepper, A. C. York, L. Steckel, Daniel O. Stephenson IV, J. Bond","doi":"10.56454/wegd3226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/wegd3226","url":null,"abstract":"Glufosinate is used widely to control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Previous research has shown weed control with several herbicides, including glufosinate, can be affected by application time of day. The response sometimes has been attributed to diurnal leaf movement (leaf orientation) in the weeds. The objectives of our research were to determine the influence of time of day of glufosinate application on Palmer amaranth control and to determine if the response was related to diurnal leaf orientation. Field experiments in five states evaluated Palmer amaranth control with glufosinate applied at nine intervals ranging from 1 h before sunrise to 6 h after sunrise and nine intervals ranging from 6 h before sunset to 1 h after sunset. Greatest Palmer amaranth control was achieved with glufosinate applied 2 h after sunrise to 1 h before sunset. Ammonium sulfate, added only to glufosinate 1 h before sunrise or 1 h after sunset treatments, did not improve control. Leaf angles of Palmer amaranth and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti L.) were determined in a greenhouse at 1 h before light, 2 h after light, mid-day, 2 h before dark, and 1 h after dark. Leaves of velvetleaf oriented downward during the dark periods but time of day had no effect on leaf orientation of Palmer amaranth. These results demonstrate the need for sunlight for optimum glufosinate efficacy on Palmer amaranth.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Agricultural Act of 2014 (2014 Farm Bill) significantly changed the Title I commodity programs, and shallow loss insurance programs were added to the federal crop insurance program (Title XI). Stacked Income Protection Plan and Supplemental Coverage Option were new insurance programs enacted in the 2014 Farm Bill. Participation in these programs is influenced by premium subsidies and the type of coverage provided. Relationships between insurance agents and producers also have the potential to influence program participation. These changes could impact the producer’s insurance choice decision. The overall objective of this research is to understand the impact of the new insurance options on Texas cotton producers’ risk management decisions and participation and understand the change in coverage level of primary crop insurance due to availably of other protection. A mail survey was conducted among cotton producers in Texas to collect insurance choices data for 2014 and anticipated choices for 2015. Responses from 42% of Texas counties were received. In 2015, the USDA Risk Management Agency reported 155 counties in Texas produced cotton. Regression analysis conducted on anticipated change in coverage level of crop insurance indicated Common Crop Insurance Policy coverage level choice for larger farm size and higher non-farm income had an increase in coverage level effect; whereas enterprise unit, revenue protection, price, yield, and insurance agents had a decrease in coverage level effect. Results suggest that greater insurance agent involvement in program design and implementation of an insurance program could contribute to program success.
{"title":"Understanding Irrigated Cotton Producer’s Crop Insurance Coverage Level Choices Under the 2014 Farm Bill","authors":"Kishor P. Luitel, D. Hudson, T. Knight","doi":"10.56454/erjf7679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/erjf7679","url":null,"abstract":"The Agricultural Act of 2014 (2014 Farm Bill) significantly changed the Title I commodity programs, and shallow loss insurance programs were added to the federal crop insurance program (Title XI). Stacked Income Protection Plan and Supplemental Coverage Option were new insurance programs enacted in the 2014 Farm Bill. Participation in these programs is influenced by premium subsidies and the type of coverage provided. Relationships between insurance agents and producers also have the potential to influence program participation. These changes could impact the producer’s insurance choice decision. The overall objective of this research is to understand the impact of the new insurance options on Texas cotton producers’ risk management decisions and participation and understand the change in coverage level of primary crop insurance due to availably of other protection. A mail survey was conducted among cotton producers in Texas to collect insurance choices data for 2014 and anticipated choices for 2015. Responses from 42% of Texas counties were received. In 2015, the USDA Risk Management Agency reported 155 counties in Texas produced cotton. Regression analysis conducted on anticipated change in coverage level of crop insurance indicated Common Crop Insurance Policy coverage level choice for larger farm size and higher non-farm income had an increase in coverage level effect; whereas enterprise unit, revenue protection, price, yield, and insurance agents had a decrease in coverage level effect. Results suggest that greater insurance agent involvement in program design and implementation of an insurance program could contribute to program success.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nine diverse Upland cotton cultivars and germplasm lines differing in seed size were planted at two locations at Stoneville, MS in 2015, 2016, and 2017. ‘AR 9317-26’ and ‘DP 555 BG/RR’ were classified as small with a seed index (SI) < 10 g. ‘FM 832’, ‘FM 966’, and ‘MD 15’ had SI ranging from 10 to 12 g and were classified as intermediate seed size. ‘TAM 182-34 ELS’ and three other breeding lines: ‘201-2’, ‘107-1’, and ‘152-1’ had large seeds with SI > 12 g. The seeds were planted in three replications at two sites at Stoneville, MS. Data were collected on ginning energy requirement (Wh kg-1 lint), ginning rate (g lint s-1), and other agronomic and quality traits. The objectives of the test were to determine the effect of seed size on the above parameters. Statistical analyses were performed using Proc GLM. Simple Pearson’s correlation tests and regression analyses were conducted to test the relationships between SI and these traits. Covariance estimates were calculated using Proc GLIMMIX to determine the direction of linear relationships. Differences in SI were highly significant among cultivars. SI was positively and significantly correlated with ginning rate but significantly and negatively correlated with ginning energy requirement. Significant and negative relationships were observed between SI and fiber uniformity, lint yield, lint turnout, and number of seeds per kg. Significant and positive relationships were observed between SI and fiber strength, fuzz percentage, and seed surface area. Relationships among SI and micronaire, fineness, and fiber length were minor.
{"title":"Seed Size, Ginning Rate, and Net Ginning Energy Requirement in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)","authors":"E. Bechere, Robert G. Hardin IV, L. Zeng","doi":"10.56454/yeml2177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/yeml2177","url":null,"abstract":"Nine diverse Upland cotton cultivars and germplasm lines differing in seed size were planted at two locations at Stoneville, MS in 2015, 2016, and 2017. ‘AR 9317-26’ and ‘DP 555 BG/RR’ were classified as small with a seed index (SI) < 10 g. ‘FM 832’, ‘FM 966’, and ‘MD 15’ had SI ranging from 10 to 12 g and were classified as intermediate seed size. ‘TAM 182-34 ELS’ and three other breeding lines: ‘201-2’, ‘107-1’, and ‘152-1’ had large seeds with SI > 12 g. The seeds were planted in three replications at two sites at Stoneville, MS. Data were collected on ginning energy requirement (Wh kg-1 lint), ginning rate (g lint s-1), and other agronomic and quality traits. The objectives of the test were to determine the effect of seed size on the above parameters. Statistical analyses were performed using Proc GLM. Simple Pearson’s correlation tests and regression analyses were conducted to test the relationships between SI and these traits. Covariance estimates were calculated using Proc GLIMMIX to determine the direction of linear relationships. Differences in SI were highly significant among cultivars. SI was positively and significantly correlated with ginning rate but significantly and negatively correlated with ginning energy requirement. Significant and negative relationships were observed between SI and fiber uniformity, lint yield, lint turnout, and number of seeds per kg. Significant and positive relationships were observed between SI and fiber strength, fuzz percentage, and seed surface area. Relationships among SI and micronaire, fineness, and fiber length were minor.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farm-level returns can provide a measure of a grower’s conviction for crop choice and farm program preference among alternative enterprise and farm program choices across varying levels of risk aversion. The objectives of this study were to incorporate stochastic efficiency with respect to a function as a means of ranking alternative crop enterprise selections among corn, cotton, rice, and soybeans and to include farm program choice between the Agricultural Risk Coverage county option program and the Price Loss Coverage program (PLC) on two representative farms in Louisiana, one located in Rapides County/Parish (central) and one located in Tensas County/Parish (northeast), for grower profitability. Using certainty equivalent (CE) values as proxies for grower risk premium, farm analysis examined those CE values for enterprise and farm program selection on the basis of grower net returns. In the absence of farm program enrollment, a corn/soybean/cotton rotation was preferable for both farms. When farm program payments were considered, cotton/corn/rice rotation would be more profitable for both farms under PLC for the grower across multiple levels of risk aversion. Crop choice and program election have an important place in the farm management decision. As market conditions change, growers are more able to tailor their farm program choice to mitigate the type of risk they deem more imminent (revenue versus price).
{"title":"Simulating Net Returns Among Enterprise Selection and Farm Program Choice Under Risk","authors":"M. Deliberto, B. Hilbun","doi":"10.56454/ovzx5491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/ovzx5491","url":null,"abstract":"Farm-level returns can provide a measure of a grower’s conviction for crop choice and farm program preference among alternative enterprise and farm program choices across varying levels of risk aversion. The objectives of this study were to incorporate stochastic efficiency with respect to a function as a means of ranking alternative crop enterprise selections among corn, cotton, rice, and soybeans and to include farm program choice between the Agricultural Risk Coverage county option program and the Price Loss Coverage program (PLC) on two representative farms in Louisiana, one located in Rapides County/Parish (central) and one located in Tensas County/Parish (northeast), for grower profitability. Using certainty equivalent (CE) values as proxies for grower risk premium, farm analysis examined those CE values for enterprise and farm program selection on the basis of grower net returns. In the absence of farm program enrollment, a corn/soybean/cotton rotation was preferable for both farms. When farm program payments were considered, cotton/corn/rice rotation would be more profitable for both farms under PLC for the grower across multiple levels of risk aversion. Crop choice and program election have an important place in the farm management decision. As market conditions change, growers are more able to tailor their farm program choice to mitigate the type of risk they deem more imminent (revenue versus price).","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The National Cotton Variety Test (NCVT) is a USDA-ARS national program to evaluate cotton varieties/lines developed by major U.S. cotton breeding programs for lint yield, fiber quality, and seed quality in annual trials across the U.S. Cotton Belt. This year is the 60th anniversary of the program, and this review article provides the background, leadership history, original objectives and their changes, and a summary of the impacts in cotton production and accomplishments of the program in cotton research. The NCVT history reflects the efforts of U.S. cotton breeders to improve cotton varieties by addressing environmental influences in cotton production and increasing competition in the global market of raw cotton fibers. The scientific accomplishments reviewed in this article can be used as references and guidelines for future cotton breeding.
{"title":"History, Changes, Impacts, and Perspectives of the National Cotton Variety Test (NCVT): Sixty Years of the Program","authors":"L. Zeng","doi":"10.56454/glzb1775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/glzb1775","url":null,"abstract":"The National Cotton Variety Test (NCVT) is a USDA-ARS national program to evaluate cotton varieties/lines developed by major U.S. cotton breeding programs for lint yield, fiber quality, and seed quality in annual trials across the U.S. Cotton Belt. This year is the 60th anniversary of the program, and this review article provides the background, leadership history, original objectives and their changes, and a summary of the impacts in cotton production and accomplishments of the program in cotton research. The NCVT history reflects the efforts of U.S. cotton breeders to improve cotton varieties by addressing environmental influences in cotton production and increasing competition in the global market of raw cotton fibers. The scientific accomplishments reviewed in this article can be used as references and guidelines for future cotton breeding.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Savana D. Denton, D. Dodds, L. Krutz, J. Varco, Jeffrey Gore, B. Mills, T. Raper
Poor soil health purportedly limits crop yield and on-farm profitability in environments with a history of intensive tillage. Research was conducted to determine if cover cropping improves basic soil physical properties, crop productivity, and economic parameters in conventionally tilled soils. The effects of irrigation and cover crop species on bulk density, water infiltration rate, cotton yield, and net returns were evaluated on a Dundee silty clay loam (Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic type Typic Endoqualfs) near Tribbett, MS in 2017 and a Leeper silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts) near Starkville, MS from 2017 through 2018. Relative to the fallow production system, cereal rye and crimson clover decreased bulk density 4.6% but had no effect on water infiltration rate. Pooled over year and location, cover crop had no effect on lint yield in either irrigated or non-irrigated environments. However, transitioning from conventional to a cover crop system reduced net returns for cotton $50.22/ha to $307.87/ha on average. Our data indicate that while transitioning from a conventional to a fall cover crop production system, modest improvements in some soil physical properties due to cover crop establishment will not increase cotton productivity but will decrease net returns.
{"title":"Impact of Cover Crop Species on Soil Physical Properties, Cotton Yield, and Profitability","authors":"Savana D. Denton, D. Dodds, L. Krutz, J. Varco, Jeffrey Gore, B. Mills, T. Raper","doi":"10.56454/kmqd4202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/kmqd4202","url":null,"abstract":"Poor soil health purportedly limits crop yield and on-farm profitability in environments with a history of intensive tillage. Research was conducted to determine if cover cropping improves basic soil physical properties, crop productivity, and economic parameters in conventionally tilled soils. The effects of irrigation and cover crop species on bulk density, water infiltration rate, cotton yield, and net returns were evaluated on a Dundee silty clay loam (Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic type Typic Endoqualfs) near Tribbett, MS in 2017 and a Leeper silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts) near Starkville, MS from 2017 through 2018. Relative to the fallow production system, cereal rye and crimson clover decreased bulk density 4.6% but had no effect on water infiltration rate. Pooled over year and location, cover crop had no effect on lint yield in either irrigated or non-irrigated environments. However, transitioning from conventional to a cover crop system reduced net returns for cotton $50.22/ha to $307.87/ha on average. Our data indicate that while transitioning from a conventional to a fall cover crop production system, modest improvements in some soil physical properties due to cover crop establishment will not increase cotton productivity but will decrease net returns.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70804179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jack C. McCarty Jr., J. Jenkins, S. Saha, M. Wubben
Cotton host plant resistance research was initiated with the establishment of the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory in 1960. Laboratory objectives were to conduct research and develop technology that ultimately could be used to eradicate the boll weevil. Early research concentrated on developing techniques and screening germplasm for resistance. A full-scale boll weevil eradication trial began in southern Virginia and eastern North Carolina in 1978 and after initial success the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service established an eradication program. This led the host plant resistance program to broaden its research into other pests of cotton. During the 1980s, research continued to focus on tarnished plant bug, tobacco budworm, expanding the genetic diversity of cotton, basic genetic and cotton breeding studies. With the development of field infestation techniques for the tobacco budworm, in the 1990s the research team conducted the first field test of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic cotton for resistance. During this time, root-knot nematode research expanded. Cotton fruiting efficiency and distribution of harvestable bolls and the concept of plant mapping were developed. During the 2000s, research expanded with the use of chromosome substitution lines for the introgression of new alleles into Upland cotton. Nematode research remained active during this time. To date, the research program has developed and released more than 800 germplasm lines and four random-mating populations. Scientists in the program have trained more than 60 graduate students and countless others have been mentored. The full impact of the research team will only be revealed with time.
{"title":"History of USDA-ARS Cotton Host Plant Resistance and Breeding Research at Mississippi State, MS","authors":"Jack C. McCarty Jr., J. Jenkins, S. Saha, M. Wubben","doi":"10.56454/nasu4063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/nasu4063","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton host plant resistance research was initiated with the establishment of the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory in 1960. Laboratory objectives were to conduct research and develop technology that ultimately could be used to eradicate the boll weevil. Early research concentrated on developing techniques and screening germplasm for resistance. A full-scale boll weevil eradication trial began in southern Virginia and eastern North Carolina in 1978 and after initial success the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service established an eradication program. This led the host plant resistance program to broaden its research into other pests of cotton. During the 1980s, research continued to focus on tarnished plant bug, tobacco budworm, expanding the genetic diversity of cotton, basic genetic and cotton breeding studies. With the development of field infestation techniques for the tobacco budworm, in the 1990s the research team conducted the first field test of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic cotton for resistance. During this time, root-knot nematode research expanded. Cotton fruiting efficiency and distribution of harvestable bolls and the concept of plant mapping were developed. During the 2000s, research expanded with the use of chromosome substitution lines for the introgression of new alleles into Upland cotton. Nematode research remained active during this time. To date, the research program has developed and released more than 800 germplasm lines and four random-mating populations. Scientists in the program have trained more than 60 graduate students and countless others have been mentored. The full impact of the research team will only be revealed with time.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70804442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brianna Heilsnis, J. Koebernick, A. Jacobson, K. Conner
A new virus in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) required the need to graft plants to evaluate resistance. In searching the literature, several studies reported grafting, however the details surrounding the types of grafts, age, and acclimation environment are not described in detail. A graft is the union of rootstock and scion requiring good cambial tissue contact to be successful. Therefore, several different graft types, and the need for humidity was investigated. Initially, thirty plants were grown in the greenhouse. The first set of grafts were performed on fifteen plants between two graft types (T-graft and bottle shoot) and the need to be bagged for cambial humidity. The second set of fifteen were used to test the wedge, saddle-graft, whip-and-tongue, bottle shoot, and approach grafts on three plants each. The T-graft was chosen as the best for success as it provided the highest cambial contact. A set of twenty plants were grown to serve as rootstock for cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) transmission. Two different infected CLRDV plants served as the scion for the virus which were grafted using the T-graft. Three leaves below the graft node were used to test for the virus using PCR. Fourteen of 20 grafts had successful transmission of CLRDV, regardless of graft success.
{"title":"A Guide to Grafting for Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Virus Transmission and the Successful Transmission of Cotton Leaf Roll Dwarf Virus","authors":"Brianna Heilsnis, J. Koebernick, A. Jacobson, K. Conner","doi":"10.56454/uwya4869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/uwya4869","url":null,"abstract":"A new virus in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) required the need to graft plants to evaluate resistance. In searching the literature, several studies reported grafting, however the details surrounding the types of grafts, age, and acclimation environment are not described in detail. A graft is the union of rootstock and scion requiring good cambial tissue contact to be successful. Therefore, several different graft types, and the need for humidity was investigated. Initially, thirty plants were grown in the greenhouse. The first set of grafts were performed on fifteen plants between two graft types (T-graft and bottle shoot) and the need to be bagged for cambial humidity. The second set of fifteen were used to test the wedge, saddle-graft, whip-and-tongue, bottle shoot, and approach grafts on three plants each. The T-graft was chosen as the best for success as it provided the highest cambial contact. A set of twenty plants were grown to serve as rootstock for cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) transmission. Two different infected CLRDV plants served as the scion for the virus which were grafted using the T-graft. Three leaves below the graft node were used to test for the virus using PCR. Fourteen of 20 grafts had successful transmission of CLRDV, regardless of graft success.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cotton is the main source of renewable fiber in the world and is primarily used for textile production. This study analyzed 3,487 papers on cotton research published during 1990 to 2021 from the agronomy category of the Web of Science (WoS). Papers were mainly written in English (96.329%), from 8,860 authors, 87 countries/territories, 1,661 organizations, and published in 107 journals and book series. The top five core journals were Crop Science (433, 12.418%), Agronomy Journal (310, 8.89%), Weed Technology (205, 5.879%), Field Crops Research (203, 5.822%), and Euphytica (189, 5.42%) with each publishing more than 189 papers. The top five countries and regions were the U.S., Peoples Republic of China, India, Brazil, and Australia. The top five organizations were USDA ARS, Texas A&M Univ., North Carolina State Univ., Univ. Georgia, and Cotton Incorporated. The top five authors were Johnie N. Jenkins, Don C. Jones, Jack C. McCarty, Jr., Jinfa Zhang, and C. Wayne Smith, with each publishing 72 papers or more. Visualizations using VOSviewer were conducted on WoS data to determine co-occurrence and clusters of connected publications, country input, organizations, and author collaboration (coauthorship) as well as clusters of all keywords of interrelated research topics. Based on the analysis of the network map of VOSviewer, there is cooperation among authors, organizations, and countries or regions. All keywords of the cotton research papers published during 1990 to 2021 from WoS agronomy category separated into six clusters based on different research topics.
棉花是世界上可再生纤维的主要来源，主要用于纺织品生产。本研究分析了1990年至2021年间发表在Web of Science (WoS)农学类上的3487篇棉花研究论文。论文以英文为主(96.329%)，来自87个国家/地区、1661个组织的8860位作者，发表于107种期刊和丛书。排名前5位的核心期刊分别是Crop Science(433篇，12.418%)、Agronomy Journal(310篇，8.89%)、Weed Technology(205篇，5.879%)、Field Crops Research(203篇，5.822%)和Euphytica(189篇，5.42%)，发表论文均超过189篇。排名前五的国家和地区分别是美国、中华人民共和国、印度、巴西和澳大利亚。排名前五的组织是美国农业部农业研究所、德克萨斯农工大学、北卡罗莱纳州立大学、佐治亚大学和棉花公司。排名前五的作者分别是Johnie N. Jenkins, Don C. Jones, Jack C. McCarty, Jr.， jin发Zhang和C. Wayne Smith，每人发表了72篇以上的论文。使用VOSviewer对WoS数据进行可视化，以确定相关出版物、国家输入、组织和作者合作(coauthorship)的共现性和聚类，以及相关研究主题的所有关键字的聚类。通过对VOSviewer网络地图的分析，作者之间、组织之间、国家或地区之间存在合作关系。将WoS农学分类中1990 - 2021年发表的棉花研究论文的所有关键词根据研究主题分为6个聚类。
{"title":"Bibliometric Analysis of Cotton (Gossypium spp.) Research Based on Web of Science Agronomy Category","authors":"Bao-Zhong Yuan, Jie Sun","doi":"10.56454/jhfy3697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/jhfy3697","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton is the main source of renewable fiber in the world and is primarily used for textile production. This study analyzed 3,487 papers on cotton research published during 1990 to 2021 from the agronomy category of the Web of Science (WoS). Papers were mainly written in English (96.329%), from 8,860 authors, 87 countries/territories, 1,661 organizations, and published in 107 journals and book series. The top five core journals were Crop Science (433, 12.418%), Agronomy Journal (310, 8.89%), Weed Technology (205, 5.879%), Field Crops Research (203, 5.822%), and Euphytica (189, 5.42%) with each publishing more than 189 papers. The top five countries and regions were the U.S., Peoples Republic of China, India, Brazil, and Australia. The top five organizations were USDA ARS, Texas A&M Univ., North Carolina State Univ., Univ. Georgia, and Cotton Incorporated. The top five authors were Johnie N. Jenkins, Don C. Jones, Jack C. McCarty, Jr., Jinfa Zhang, and C. Wayne Smith, with each publishing 72 papers or more. Visualizations using VOSviewer were conducted on WoS data to determine co-occurrence and clusters of connected publications, country input, organizations, and author collaboration (coauthorship) as well as clusters of all keywords of interrelated research topics. Based on the analysis of the network map of VOSviewer, there is cooperation among authors, organizations, and countries or regions. All keywords of the cotton research papers published during 1990 to 2021 from WoS agronomy category separated into six clusters based on different research topics.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Boyer, Shawn A. Butler, T. Raper, M. Buschermohle, D. Dodds, A. Jones
The objective of this research was to determine the profit-maximizing planting date and seeding rate for cotton production in the upper Mid-South. We used field trial data from Tennessee, Missouri, and Mississippi from 2016 to 2018 to estimate a cotton lint yield response function to planting date and planting population. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to compare the results for different cotton lint and seed prices. Additionally, we explored how optimal seeding rates change with late planting. We found the optimal planting date is consistent regardless of the cotton or seed price, but the optimal seeding rate depends on seed and cotton price. As seed prices increase, the optimal seeding rate decreases; and as cotton prices increase, the optimal seeding rate increases. In the case of late planting, a producer is better off using a lower seeding rate than would be optimal at an earlier planting date. These results demonstrate how prices impact planting decisions and inform producers on optimal planting dates and seeding rates to maximize profits.
{"title":"Profit-Maximizing Planting Date and Seeding Rate for Upland Cotton in the Upper Mid-South","authors":"C. Boyer, Shawn A. Butler, T. Raper, M. Buschermohle, D. Dodds, A. Jones","doi":"10.56454/aadz1939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/aadz1939","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to determine the profit-maximizing planting date and seeding rate for cotton production in the upper Mid-South. We used field trial data from Tennessee, Missouri, and Mississippi from 2016 to 2018 to estimate a cotton lint yield response function to planting date and planting population. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to compare the results for different cotton lint and seed prices. Additionally, we explored how optimal seeding rates change with late planting. We found the optimal planting date is consistent regardless of the cotton or seed price, but the optimal seeding rate depends on seed and cotton price. As seed prices increase, the optimal seeding rate decreases; and as cotton prices increase, the optimal seeding rate increases. In the case of late planting, a producer is better off using a lower seeding rate than would be optimal at an earlier planting date. These results demonstrate how prices impact planting decisions and inform producers on optimal planting dates and seeding rates to maximize profits.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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