M. V. D. VAN DER SLUIJS, C. Delhom, J. Wanjura, G. Holt
The biggest discounts to the grower are for grade, length and micronaire. Since round modules do not blend cotton from multiple parts of a field as conventional modules did, some round modules may fall below base grade. This study was initiated as a preliminary evaluation to determine the effect of gin blending on fiber, yarn and fabric processing performance and quality and the potential economic return to the grower. One lot of irrigated and dryland stripper-harvested seed cotton, with different pre-determined micronaire and length properties, were blended together in four different ratios (80/20%, 60/40%, 40/60% and 20/80%) at the gin and at the textile mill. The resulting two cottons and four blends were carded, ring spun, knitted, scoured, bleached and dyed. Based on the 2016 CCC loan schedule, gin blending can benefit the grower with the biggest economic benefit, about $5 per bale, obtained from the 80/20 and 60/40 blend ratios when using seed cotton with these particular qualities from this one-year study. Processing performance and yarn and fabric quality of the gin blended product were not different from that of the unblended cotton and the mill blended fiber, indicating no serious consequences associated with gin blending, cotton with this micronaire and length range, to the spinner.
{"title":"A Preliminary Investigation into the Feasibility of Gin Blending","authors":"M. V. D. VAN DER SLUIJS, C. Delhom, J. Wanjura, G. Holt","doi":"10.56454/amjd2168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/amjd2168","url":null,"abstract":"The biggest discounts to the grower are for grade, length and micronaire. Since round modules do not blend cotton from multiple parts of a field as conventional modules did, some round modules may fall below base grade. This study was initiated as a preliminary evaluation to determine the effect of gin blending on fiber, yarn and fabric processing performance and quality and the potential economic return to the grower. One lot of irrigated and dryland stripper-harvested seed cotton, with different pre-determined micronaire and length properties, were blended together in four different ratios (80/20%, 60/40%, 40/60% and 20/80%) at the gin and at the textile mill. The resulting two cottons and four blends were carded, ring spun, knitted, scoured, bleached and dyed. Based on the 2016 CCC loan schedule, gin blending can benefit the grower with the biggest economic benefit, about $5 per bale, obtained from the 80/20 and 60/40 blend ratios when using seed cotton with these particular qualities from this one-year study. Processing performance and yarn and fabric quality of the gin blended product were not different from that of the unblended cotton and the mill blended fiber, indicating no serious consequences associated with gin blending, cotton with this micronaire and length range, to the spinner.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many cotton breeding programs in the U.S. have installed an automatic weighing system in a cotton plot picker to increase operating efficiency in recent years. However, no experimental data are available to document the reliability of such a system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, precision, and harvesting efficiency of a two-row cotton plot picker installed with an automatic weighing system with two scales based on results from replicated field tests from 2013 to 2016. Three tests each year, each containing 32 genotypes were arranged in a randomized complete block design in two-row plots by 10 m in length. The 2013 to 2015 results showed a highly significant positive correlation in seedcotton weights between the two rows of the same plot for each genotype harvested and weighed by the two scales in the picker, indicating that the two scales are consistent and reliable. In three tests in 2016, one row of each two-row plot was harvested by the picker, and seedcotton weight was compared with another row harvested by hand. A highly significant positive correlation was detected between the two harvesting methods that had similar coefficients of variation (16.14% for hand harvest vs. 16.90% for mechanical harvest). The two-row plot picker harvested a total of 368 single-row plots (10-m long) in six hours daily, whereas hand harvest by one person averaged two plots in four hours. An average of 417 kg ha-1 was lost due to the mechanical harvest.
{"title":"Accuracy, Precision, and Harvesting Efficiency of a Cotton Plot Picker Installed with an Automatic Weighing System in a Cotton Breeding Program","authors":"Jinfa Zhang, S. Hughs","doi":"10.56454/qxuw6885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/qxuw6885","url":null,"abstract":"Many cotton breeding programs in the U.S. have installed an automatic weighing system in a cotton plot picker to increase operating efficiency in recent years. However, no experimental data are available to document the reliability of such a system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, precision, and harvesting efficiency of a two-row cotton plot picker installed with an automatic weighing system with two scales based on results from replicated field tests from 2013 to 2016. Three tests each year, each containing 32 genotypes were arranged in a randomized complete block design in two-row plots by 10 m in length. The 2013 to 2015 results showed a highly significant positive correlation in seedcotton weights between the two rows of the same plot for each genotype harvested and weighed by the two scales in the picker, indicating that the two scales are consistent and reliable. In three tests in 2016, one row of each two-row plot was harvested by the picker, and seedcotton weight was compared with another row harvested by hand. A highly significant positive correlation was detected between the two harvesting methods that had similar coefficients of variation (16.14% for hand harvest vs. 16.90% for mechanical harvest). The two-row plot picker harvested a total of 368 single-row plots (10-m long) in six hours daily, whereas hand harvest by one person averaged two plots in four hours. An average of 417 kg ha-1 was lost due to the mechanical harvest.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hail damage poses a significant threat to many cotton-producing regions in the U.S. Stand reductions, or loss of leaves, stem, and fruit can occur from these events, and growers must make critical management decisions on whether to keep or replant a damaged crop. To address these questions, field trials were conducted near College Station, TX in 2012 to 2014 to investigate the impact of stand loss and node removal on yield under both dryland and irrigated conditions. To simulate stand losses, stands of three different varieties seeded at 111,197 seed ha-1 were thinned by up to 84%. The critical plant population where yield reductions occurred was inconsistent under irrigated conditions, depending upon the year. Consistent yield losses were experienced only when 84% stand reduction occurred under dryland conditions. To investigate the impact of node removal, field trials were conducted where the upper portions of cotton plants were clipped at 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, 16-, and 20-node growth stages. Significant yield losses were experienced only when clipping occurred early in the season, between the 2- and 8-node growth stages.
{"title":"Cotton Response to Simulated Hail Damage and Stand Loss in Central Texas","authors":"Joshua McGinty, G. Morgan, D. Mott","doi":"10.56454/oxuc6037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/oxuc6037","url":null,"abstract":"Hail damage poses a significant threat to many cotton-producing regions in the U.S. Stand reductions, or loss of leaves, stem, and fruit can occur from these events, and growers must make critical management decisions on whether to keep or replant a damaged crop. To address these questions, field trials were conducted near College Station, TX in 2012 to 2014 to investigate the impact of stand loss and node removal on yield under both dryland and irrigated conditions. To simulate stand losses, stands of three different varieties seeded at 111,197 seed ha-1 were thinned by up to 84%. The critical plant population where yield reductions occurred was inconsistent under irrigated conditions, depending upon the year. Consistent yield losses were experienced only when 84% stand reduction occurred under dryland conditions. To investigate the impact of node removal, field trials were conducted where the upper portions of cotton plants were clipped at 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, 16-, and 20-node growth stages. Significant yield losses were experienced only when clipping occurred early in the season, between the 2- and 8-node growth stages.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Virescent Yellow leaf cotton line Stoneville Accession 30 (SA30, PI 528447) was crossed with four modern parental lines (DP5690, DES119, SG747 and MD51ne) to develop four sets of near isogenic lines (NILs) segregating for green and yellow leaves. Comparisons of these lines were made in the field in a two-year replicated study between the obsolete SA30 line and four modern NIL sets. Yield measurements, including hand (bolls/plant) and machine harvested (kg/plot) samples, of the four modern NIL sets compared to SA30 resulted in a twofold difference except for DP5690 yellow leaf (192%) and MD51ne yellow (167%) in the kg/plot ratios. Other yield measurements (seed cotton weight and 100 boll seed weight) reflected the "Mebane" cotton background of the SA30 line with larger bolls, whereas lint yields reflected the higher lint percentages of the modern NILs. Growth parameters including plant height and number of nodes were measured at predetermined intervals and height-to-node ratios were determined with the green leaf lines growing faster than the yellow leaf lines. The yellow leaf NILs and the SA30 line grew at the same rate. Cotton fiber quality was measured with both AFIS and HVI and both similarities and differences are reported in the paper. Even though the NILs used in this study were created to evaluate various yield measurements along with plant height and height-to-node ratios, this study also demonstrated that these lines can be used to search for the genes involved in increased partitioning to the reproductive structures.
将绿黄叶棉品系Stoneville Accession 30 (SA30, PI 528447)与4个现代亲本(DP5690, DES119, SG747和MD51ne)杂交，得到4组绿黄叶分离的近等基因系。在一项为期两年的重复研究中，这些线在过时的SA30线和四个现代NIL集之间进行了比较。产量测量，包括手工(铃/株)和机器收获(公斤/地)样本，与SA30相比，四个现代NIL组的产量测量结果显示，除了DP5690黄叶(192%)和MD51ne黄叶(167%)的公斤/地比率外，差异为两倍。其他产量测量(籽棉重和百铃重)反映了结铃较大的SA30系的“Mebane”棉花背景，而皮棉产量反映了现代NILs较高的皮棉百分比。每隔一段时间测量株高和节数等生长参数，并测定高节比，结果表明绿色叶系的生长速度快于黄色叶系。黄叶NILs与SA30系生长速率相同。用AFIS和HVI对棉纤维质量进行了测定，并比较了两者的异同。尽管本研究中使用的NILs是为了评估各种产量测量以及植株高度和高节比，但本研究还表明，这些品系可以用来寻找与生殖结构分配增加有关的基因。
{"title":"Comparison of Growth, Yield, and Fiber Quality of the Obsolete SA30 Yellow Leaf with Four Sets of Modern Yellow and Green Leaf Near Isogenic Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Lines","authors":"R. Turley, S. Stetina, N. Bellaloui, W. Molin","doi":"10.56454/byuv7908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/byuv7908","url":null,"abstract":"The Virescent Yellow leaf cotton line Stoneville Accession 30 (SA30, PI 528447) was crossed with four modern parental lines (DP5690, DES119, SG747 and MD51ne) to develop four sets of near isogenic lines (NILs) segregating for green and yellow leaves. Comparisons of these lines were made in the field in a two-year replicated study between the obsolete SA30 line and four modern NIL sets. Yield measurements, including hand (bolls/plant) and machine harvested (kg/plot) samples, of the four modern NIL sets compared to SA30 resulted in a twofold difference except for DP5690 yellow leaf (192%) and MD51ne yellow (167%) in the kg/plot ratios. Other yield measurements (seed cotton weight and 100 boll seed weight) reflected the \"Mebane\" cotton background of the SA30 line with larger bolls, whereas lint yields reflected the higher lint percentages of the modern NILs. Growth parameters including plant height and number of nodes were measured at predetermined intervals and height-to-node ratios were determined with the green leaf lines growing faster than the yellow leaf lines. The yellow leaf NILs and the SA30 line grew at the same rate. Cotton fiber quality was measured with both AFIS and HVI and both similarities and differences are reported in the paper. Even though the NILs used in this study were created to evaluate various yield measurements along with plant height and height-to-node ratios, this study also demonstrated that these lines can be used to search for the genes involved in increased partitioning to the reproductive structures.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Attaining seed and seedling vigor in cotton is a goal of both researchers and producers. By separating and defining components of seed and seedling vigor, progress can be achieved. Seed vigor should be distinguished from seed viability and defined in terms of low degree of seed deterioration. Varying levels of resistance to seed deterioration have been achieved using different approaches. Three components are proposed for defining seedling vigor: well-developed seedling roots, rapid true-leaf differentiation, and low incidence of seedling disease. Approaches for making improvement in each of these components are discussed. Attaining seed and seedling vigor, and subsequently vigorous stands of cotton, requires an integrated approach and improvement in each component.
{"title":"Functional Characterization of Seed and Seedling Vigor in Cotton","authors":"F. Bourland","doi":"10.56454/fxqj8103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/fxqj8103","url":null,"abstract":"Attaining seed and seedling vigor in cotton is a goal of both researchers and producers. By separating and defining components of seed and seedling vigor, progress can be achieved. Seed vigor should be distinguished from seed viability and defined in terms of low degree of seed deterioration. Varying levels of resistance to seed deterioration have been achieved using different approaches. Three components are proposed for defining seedling vigor: well-developed seedling roots, rapid true-leaf differentiation, and low incidence of seedling disease. Approaches for making improvement in each of these components are discussed. Attaining seed and seedling vigor, and subsequently vigorous stands of cotton, requires an integrated approach and improvement in each component.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U.S. cotton exports have been characterized by large fluctuations in the last two decades. However, the latest available elasticity estimates of U.S. cotton exports are from 1982. New and more precise estimates of export demand elasticities for U.S. cotton are necessary to forecast future U.S. cotton exports and accurately analyze potential political policy and market changes. This study provides updated estimates of the elasticity of foreign demand for U.S. cotton in selected major cotton importing countries using an Armington framework for the years 1978 to 2017. Additionally, this study examines the evolution of the export demand elasticities over time in a dynamic framework of time-varying parameters (TVP) based on the Kalman filter methodology. Our results indicate that short-run price elasticities of foreign demand for U.S. cotton are price inelastic for major cotton importing countries, except for Pakistan. Countries with lower export demand elasticities are associated with relatively large U.S. cotton market shares for these countries. The import demand elasticity for U.S. cotton in recent years is becoming less elastic, implying that cotton import demand in major importing countries has become less price sensitive than it was historically, and the U.S. has competitive advantages in these major cotton importing countries over other suppliers.
{"title":"Export Demand Elasticity Estimation for U.S. Cotton","authors":"Bing-Yue Liu, D. Hudson","doi":"10.56454/ldun4964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/ldun4964","url":null,"abstract":"U.S. cotton exports have been characterized by large fluctuations in the last two decades. However, the latest available elasticity estimates of U.S. cotton exports are from 1982. New and more precise estimates of export demand elasticities for U.S. cotton are necessary to forecast future U.S. cotton exports and accurately analyze potential political policy and market changes. This study provides updated estimates of the elasticity of foreign demand for U.S. cotton in selected major cotton importing countries using an Armington framework for the years 1978 to 2017. Additionally, this study examines the evolution of the export demand elasticities over time in a dynamic framework of time-varying parameters (TVP) based on the Kalman filter methodology. Our results indicate that short-run price elasticities of foreign demand for U.S. cotton are price inelastic for major cotton importing countries, except for Pakistan. Countries with lower export demand elasticities are associated with relatively large U.S. cotton market shares for these countries. The import demand elasticity for U.S. cotton in recent years is becoming less elastic, implying that cotton import demand in major importing countries has become less price sensitive than it was historically, and the U.S. has competitive advantages in these major cotton importing countries over other suppliers.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70804518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Plumblee, D. Dodds, L. Krutz, Angus L. Catchot Jr., J. T. Irby, J. Jenkins
Management decisions are needed for producers who experience hail or wildlife damage to cotton when replanting is not an option. This research was conducted to determine if applications of foliar nitrogen (N) fertilizer had an effect on cotton growth, lint yield, lint turnout, or fiber quality to cotton that had eight nodes of growth, including the apical meristem, removed at pinhead square or first bloom. The effects of foliar N (no foliar N, foliar N applied at the time of damage, one week after damage, two weeks after damage, at the time of damage + one week after damage, at the time of damage + two weeks after damage, one week after + two weeks after damage, and at the time of damage + one week after + two weeks after damage) were evaluated on Phytogen 499 WRF planted in Mississippi in 2016 and 2017.
{"title":"Effect of Foliar Applied Nitrogen to Cotton with Artificial Terminal and Node Removal","authors":"M. Plumblee, D. Dodds, L. Krutz, Angus L. Catchot Jr., J. T. Irby, J. Jenkins","doi":"10.56454/qtmq4569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/qtmq4569","url":null,"abstract":"Management decisions are needed for producers who experience hail or wildlife damage to cotton when replanting is not an option. This research was conducted to determine if applications of foliar nitrogen (N) fertilizer had an effect on cotton growth, lint yield, lint turnout, or fiber quality to cotton that had eight nodes of growth, including the apical meristem, removed at pinhead square or first bloom. The effects of foliar N (no foliar N, foliar N applied at the time of damage, one week after damage, two weeks after damage, at the time of damage + one week after damage, at the time of damage + two weeks after damage, one week after + two weeks after damage, and at the time of damage + one week after + two weeks after damage) were evaluated on Phytogen 499 WRF planted in Mississippi in 2016 and 2017.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a need to develop cotton ginning methods that better preserve length uniformity, a fiber characteristic that is critical with newer, more efficient air-jet spinning technology. This report summarizes results of harvesting and ginning studies within the past fifteen years that included High Volume Instrument (HVI) fiber length uniformity index (uniformity). The studies concluded that cultivar was an important determining factor and some production practices, such as early defoliation and stripper harvesting, could also reduce uniformity. Uniformity was not adversely affected by seed cotton cleaning machinery (cylinder cleaners and stick machines). Saw ginning reduced uniformity more than did roller ginning, from 0.8 to 2.0%. Uniformity was negatively affected by the saw-type lint cleaner, from 0.4 to 1.1% per stage. Moisture restoration before lint cleaning partially mitigated (0.5%) lint cleaning’s decrease in uniformity. Studies reviewed in this report suggest that most of the decrease in uniformity occurs at the saw-type lint cleaner feed bar. Although uniformity was not affected by lint cleaner grid bars, faster lint cleaner saw cylinder speeds did reduce uniformity. Roller gin-type lint cleaners reduced uniformity 0.2 to 0.8%, which was less than the reduction caused by saw-type lint cleaners.
{"title":"How Current Cotton Ginning Practices Affect Fiber Length Uniformity Index","authors":"C. B. Armijo, D. Whitelock, P. Funk, V. Martin","doi":"10.56454/bees5030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/bees5030","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need to develop cotton ginning methods that better preserve length uniformity, a fiber characteristic that is critical with newer, more efficient air-jet spinning technology. This report summarizes results of harvesting and ginning studies within the past fifteen years that included High Volume Instrument (HVI) fiber length uniformity index (uniformity). The studies concluded that cultivar was an important determining factor and some production practices, such as early defoliation and stripper harvesting, could also reduce uniformity. Uniformity was not adversely affected by seed cotton cleaning machinery (cylinder cleaners and stick machines). Saw ginning reduced uniformity more than did roller ginning, from 0.8 to 2.0%. Uniformity was negatively affected by the saw-type lint cleaner, from 0.4 to 1.1% per stage. Moisture restoration before lint cleaning partially mitigated (0.5%) lint cleaning’s decrease in uniformity. Studies reviewed in this report suggest that most of the decrease in uniformity occurs at the saw-type lint cleaner feed bar. Although uniformity was not affected by lint cleaner grid bars, faster lint cleaner saw cylinder speeds did reduce uniformity. Roller gin-type lint cleaners reduced uniformity 0.2 to 0.8%, which was less than the reduction caused by saw-type lint cleaners.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70802921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cotton is picked manually in Fars Province, Iran. It is not only a slow, labor-intensive operation, but extremely tedious, hard work. Due to scarcity of labor at harvesting time, mechanization of cotton harvesting is of vital importance. Therefore, a field study was conducted to evaluate the interactive effects of harvesting directions (in the rows, cross, and oblique, or skew) and row spacing (24-, 36-, and 70-cm) on cotton stripper performance. Results showed that different harvesting directions and row spacing had a significant effect on seed cotton loss. Maximum seed cotton loss was observed in the row direction treatment and minimum loss occurred in the skew treatment. The findings revealed that maximum loss was obtained from row spacing of 70 cm. Overall, these results demonstrated that cotton grown in 36-cm rows and harvested in a skewed or oblique direction had a greater impact on the reduction of seed cotton losses and produced seed cotton yield higher than the 70-cm rows harvested in the rows direction.
{"title":"Effects of Harvesting Direction and Row Spacing on the Cotton Stripper Performance in Irrigated Cotton Fields","authors":"M. Roozbeh, M. Zahiri","doi":"10.56454/bnwi2396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/bnwi2396","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton is picked manually in Fars Province, Iran. It is not only a slow, labor-intensive operation, but extremely tedious, hard work. Due to scarcity of labor at harvesting time, mechanization of cotton harvesting is of vital importance. Therefore, a field study was conducted to evaluate the interactive effects of harvesting directions (in the rows, cross, and oblique, or skew) and row spacing (24-, 36-, and 70-cm) on cotton stripper performance. Results showed that different harvesting directions and row spacing had a significant effect on seed cotton loss. Maximum seed cotton loss was observed in the row direction treatment and minimum loss occurred in the skew treatment. The findings revealed that maximum loss was obtained from row spacing of 70 cm. Overall, these results demonstrated that cotton grown in 36-cm rows and harvested in a skewed or oblique direction had a greater impact on the reduction of seed cotton losses and produced seed cotton yield higher than the 70-cm rows harvested in the rows direction.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Spivey, K. Edmisten, R. Wells, Deovina N. Jordan, J. Heitman, G. Wilkerson
In 2012, only 2.7% of North Carolina’s cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was irrigated compared to the national average of 39%. The small size and nonuniform shape of most North Carolina fields are not conducive for a center pivot system. However, benefits to yield due to irrigation in North Carolina have been reported, specifically in years receiving below average or sporadic rainfall. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) on growth and yield of early- and late-maturing cotton cultivars at varying planting dates in eastern North Carolina. In 2014, the site received more than 750 mm of rainfall and no differences were observed for any parameters between irrigated and non-irrigated plots. Total rainfall in 2015 and 2016 was lower with several extended periods without rain events. There was a greater plant height increase and dry weight accumulation throughout the growing season in response to SDI. Cotton yields were increased by SDI in 2015 and 2016. Cultivar only influenced lint yield in 2016 with the earlier-maturing ‘PHY 333 WRF’ having greater lint yield than ‘PHY 499 WRF’. Planting date did not influence yield under irrigated conditions, and the timing of rainfall played a role similar to previous reports in North Carolina. Irrigation applied via SDI will increase cotton plant stature, fruit retention, and yield in response to deficit moisture conditions, independent of planting date or cultivar.
{"title":"Cotton Development and Yield Response to Irrigation, Planting Date, and Cultivar in North Carolina","authors":"T. Spivey, K. Edmisten, R. Wells, Deovina N. Jordan, J. Heitman, G. Wilkerson","doi":"10.56454/utsy2848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/utsy2848","url":null,"abstract":"In 2012, only 2.7% of North Carolina’s cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was irrigated compared to the national average of 39%. The small size and nonuniform shape of most North Carolina fields are not conducive for a center pivot system. However, benefits to yield due to irrigation in North Carolina have been reported, specifically in years receiving below average or sporadic rainfall. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) on growth and yield of early- and late-maturing cotton cultivars at varying planting dates in eastern North Carolina. In 2014, the site received more than 750 mm of rainfall and no differences were observed for any parameters between irrigated and non-irrigated plots. Total rainfall in 2015 and 2016 was lower with several extended periods without rain events. There was a greater plant height increase and dry weight accumulation throughout the growing season in response to SDI. Cotton yields were increased by SDI in 2015 and 2016. Cultivar only influenced lint yield in 2016 with the earlier-maturing ‘PHY 333 WRF’ having greater lint yield than ‘PHY 499 WRF’. Planting date did not influence yield under irrigated conditions, and the timing of rainfall played a role similar to previous reports in North Carolina. Irrigation applied via SDI will increase cotton plant stature, fruit retention, and yield in response to deficit moisture conditions, independent of planting date or cultivar.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70805529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：