Xu Meng, Zhihao Ji, F. Xi, Sijia Fu, Aiqin Hou, K. Xie, L. Liang
A simple modification method for creating cotton fabrics with hydrophobic and antibacterial surface properties is proposed. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles were obtained and added to a mixed solution of ethanol and silver nitrate to form a composite solution, and the SiO2/Ag+ composite solution was used to modify the cotton fabric. Then, the fabric was modified by self-assembly of (3-mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane (MPTES), and the modified fabric was completed by grafting dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate using click chemistry technology. A scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyzer (TG), and contact angle measuring instruments were used to characterize the surface morphology and wettability of the cotton fabric. The results showed that the modified cotton fabric had a contact angle of 114.3 ° and still had good hydrophobicity after being subjected to multiple frictions. The modified cotton fabric also showed good antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli) in a Petri dish.
{"title":"Preparation and Performance of Cotton Fabric with Antibacterial and Hydrophobic Properties Based on Click Reaction","authors":"Xu Meng, Zhihao Ji, F. Xi, Sijia Fu, Aiqin Hou, K. Xie, L. Liang","doi":"10.56454/flcf9505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/flcf9505","url":null,"abstract":"A simple modification method for creating cotton fabrics with hydrophobic and antibacterial surface properties is proposed. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles were obtained and added to a mixed solution of ethanol and silver nitrate to form a composite solution, and the SiO2/Ag+ composite solution was used to modify the cotton fabric. Then, the fabric was modified by self-assembly of (3-mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane (MPTES), and the modified fabric was completed by grafting dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate using click chemistry technology. A scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyzer (TG), and contact angle measuring instruments were used to characterize the surface morphology and wettability of the cotton fabric. The results showed that the modified cotton fabric had a contact angle of 114.3 ° and still had good hydrophobicity after being subjected to multiple frictions. The modified cotton fabric also showed good antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli) in a Petri dish.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan Mann, W. Crow, A. Catchot, J. Gore, D. Cook, S. Stewart, Ben Trash, N. Bateman
Novaluron is often used in the early-square development period of cotton in the midsouthern U.S. to manage immature Lygus populations. Preventing field populations of tarnished plant bug from reaching economically damaging levels is vital when protecting cotton yield. Field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to better understand impacts of initial novaluron applications, efficacy of subsequent insecticides, and residual activity of novaluron. Tarnished plant bug populations had less impact on cotton yield when an insecticide with adult activity was applied with novaluron at the third week of squaring.
{"title":"Residual Effects of Novaluron and Efficacy of Subsequent Applications to Control Mid-South Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Populations","authors":"Ryan Mann, W. Crow, A. Catchot, J. Gore, D. Cook, S. Stewart, Ben Trash, N. Bateman","doi":"10.56454/kxux1316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/kxux1316","url":null,"abstract":"Novaluron is often used in the early-square development period of cotton in the midsouthern U.S. to manage immature Lygus populations. Preventing field populations of tarnished plant bug from reaching economically damaging levels is vital when protecting cotton yield. Field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to better understand impacts of initial novaluron applications, efficacy of subsequent insecticides, and residual activity of novaluron. Tarnished plant bug populations had less impact on cotton yield when an insecticide with adult activity was applied with novaluron at the third week of squaring.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70804203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bumguardner, Katie L. Lewis, Seth A. Byrd, G. Ritchie, G. Morgan
When comparing soil potassium (K) levels common in West Texas to the current Mehlich III-K critical levels for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), fertilizer K applications are seldom recommended. However, when soil K is applied, positive responses in cotton yield have been reported. Studies were conducted in Lamesa and New Deal, TX to: 1) determine K effects on leaf K concentrations; 2) evaluate whether K application increases crop growth, yield, and fiber quality in sufficient K soils; and 3) evaluate whether K application under water deficit conditions also increases growth, yield, and fiber quality. In Lamesa, muriate of potash (KCl) was applied using two methods, knife-injected (0-0-15) and broadcast (0-0-60); and at New Deal, KCl was applied using knife injection. Potassium application rates included 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha-1 with both high (90% ET) and low (30% ET) irrigation levels. At Lamesa in 2016 at 90% ET irrigation, lint yield was greater when 90 kg K ha-1 was broadcast (2,153 kg ha-1 lint) compared to the 180 kg K ha-1 treatment, and all K treatments with 30% ET irrigation. There were no lint yield differences in 2017 at Lamesa. At New Deal, lint yield was similar amongst all K application rates in both years. Although K application increased yield with the 90% ET irrigation level with broadcast application, no differences were observed in water-deficit cotton suggesting further research is needed to better understand the dynamics of K on lint yield in semiarid cotton production systems.
当比较西德克萨斯州常见的土壤钾(K)水平与当前棉花(棉)的Mehlich III-K临界水平时，很少推荐施用钾肥。然而，当土壤施钾时，有报道称棉花产量正响应。研究在德克萨斯州的Lamesa和New Deal进行，目的是:1)确定钾对叶片钾浓度的影响;2)评价在钾含量充足的土壤中施钾是否能促进作物生长、产量和纤维质量;3)评价水分亏缺条件下施钾是否也能促进生长、产量和纤维品质。在Lamesa，钾盐(KCl)的施用有两种方式，刀注(0-0-15)和撒播(0-0-60);在新政中，氯化钾是用刀注射的。施钾量分别为0、45、90、135和180 kg hm -1，灌溉水平分别为高(90% ET)和低(30% ET)。在2016年的Lamesa，在90% ET灌溉条件下，撒播90 kg K ha-1 (2153 kg ha-1皮棉)比180 kg K ha-1处理和30% ET灌溉的所有K处理的皮棉产量更高。2017年Lamesa的皮棉产量没有差异。在新政时期，两年内所有施钾量的皮棉产量相似。尽管施钾量与撒播量在90% ET灌溉水平下均能提高产量，但在水分亏缺的棉花中未观察到差异，这表明需要进一步研究以更好地了解钾对半干旱棉花生产系统皮棉产量的影响。
{"title":"Soil Potassium Effects on Cotton Lint Yield and Fiber Quality on the Texas High Plains","authors":"A. Bumguardner, Katie L. Lewis, Seth A. Byrd, G. Ritchie, G. Morgan","doi":"10.56454/dwno4444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/dwno4444","url":null,"abstract":"When comparing soil potassium (K) levels common in West Texas to the current Mehlich III-K critical levels for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), fertilizer K applications are seldom recommended. However, when soil K is applied, positive responses in cotton yield have been reported. Studies were conducted in Lamesa and New Deal, TX to: 1) determine K effects on leaf K concentrations; 2) evaluate whether K application increases crop growth, yield, and fiber quality in sufficient K soils; and 3) evaluate whether K application under water deficit conditions also increases growth, yield, and fiber quality. In Lamesa, muriate of potash (KCl) was applied using two methods, knife-injected (0-0-15) and broadcast (0-0-60); and at New Deal, KCl was applied using knife injection. Potassium application rates included 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha-1 with both high (90% ET) and low (30% ET) irrigation levels. At Lamesa in 2016 at 90% ET irrigation, lint yield was greater when 90 kg K ha-1 was broadcast (2,153 kg ha-1 lint) compared to the 180 kg K ha-1 treatment, and all K treatments with 30% ET irrigation. There were no lint yield differences in 2017 at Lamesa. At New Deal, lint yield was similar amongst all K application rates in both years. Although K application increased yield with the 90% ET irrigation level with broadcast application, no differences were observed in water-deficit cotton suggesting further research is needed to better understand the dynamics of K on lint yield in semiarid cotton production systems.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70802888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a major rotational crop associated with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cropping systems in Southwest Georgia. Since peanut is typically planted in twin-rows for greater yield and grade, use of the same twin-row planter for cotton would be cost effective. It is not clear what effect row pattern would have on cotton lint yield using drip irrigation. The objectives were to compare cotton yield when planted in different row patterns, with two plant densities, at multiple locations, and irrigated with drip and sprinkler irrigation systems. Cotton was planted in single- and twin-row patterns at recommended (1X) and half-recommended (0.5X) seeding rates (93,000 and 54,600 seeds/ha, respectively). Irrigation systems were subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI), shallow subsurface drip irrigation (S3DI), and overhead sprinkler. Row pattern (single- or twin-row), seeding rate, or irrigation system had no effect on lint yield. There were fiber quality differences, probably due to cultivar, but there was no consistency to draw any conclusions. For consistent year-to-year yield and economics, it is recommended to plant cotton near 1X seeding rates using single- or twin-rows with either drip or sprinkler irrigation systems. Seeding rates reduced to half or lower than the recommended rate may increase risk of lower yields and revenue that may not be covered by money saved using less seed.
{"title":"Cotton Yield and Quality Response to Row Pattern and Seeding Rate","authors":"R. Sorensen, M. Lamb, C. Butts","doi":"10.56454/qlip5101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/qlip5101","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a major rotational crop associated with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cropping systems in Southwest Georgia. Since peanut is typically planted in twin-rows for greater yield and grade, use of the same twin-row planter for cotton would be cost effective. It is not clear what effect row pattern would have on cotton lint yield using drip irrigation. The objectives were to compare cotton yield when planted in different row patterns, with two plant densities, at multiple locations, and irrigated with drip and sprinkler irrigation systems. Cotton was planted in single- and twin-row patterns at recommended (1X) and half-recommended (0.5X) seeding rates (93,000 and 54,600 seeds/ha, respectively). Irrigation systems were subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI), shallow subsurface drip irrigation (S3DI), and overhead sprinkler. Row pattern (single- or twin-row), seeding rate, or irrigation system had no effect on lint yield. There were fiber quality differences, probably due to cultivar, but there was no consistency to draw any conclusions. For consistent year-to-year yield and economics, it is recommended to plant cotton near 1X seeding rates using single- or twin-rows with either drip or sprinkler irrigation systems. Seeding rates reduced to half or lower than the recommended rate may increase risk of lower yields and revenue that may not be covered by money saved using less seed.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45295627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Whitelock, C. B. Armijo, P. Funk, N. Kothari, Vicki B. Martin
A commercial cotton contamination cleaner developed and used to combat the plastic contamination problem in Chinese cotton was tested to compare its performance at removing typical plastics found in U.S. cotton to that of conventional cotton gin seed cotton cleaners. Seed cotton “spiked” with pieces of shopping bags, single-layer non-tacky round module wrap (RMW), and three-layer RMW of various sizes was introduced into the machines. Overall, the contamination cleaner was more effective at removing plastic contamination than a conventional cotton gin stick machine and inclined cleaner. Increasing the airflow to the contamination cleaner improved plastic removal. Overall capture of plastic across all sizes and types increased from 16 to 48% when airflow was increased from 17,500 to 30,200 m3/hr (10,300 to 17,800 ft3/min). However, seed cotton captured with the plastic also increased from 1.4 to 34 kg (3 to 75 lb) per bale. Shopping bag material and one-layer non-tacky RMW (lighter, pliable) were more effectively removed than three-layer RMW (heavier, stiffer), and smaller plastic pieces were more effectively removed than larger pieces. All the machines tested removed about the same amount of cotton trash (about 13.6 kg or 30 lb per bale).
{"title":"Performance of a Cotton Gin Machine that Removes Plastic Contamination from Seed Cotton","authors":"D. Whitelock, C. B. Armijo, P. Funk, N. Kothari, Vicki B. Martin","doi":"10.56454/vknf3731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/vknf3731","url":null,"abstract":"A commercial cotton contamination cleaner developed and used to combat the plastic contamination problem in Chinese cotton was tested to compare its performance at removing typical plastics found in U.S. cotton to that of conventional cotton gin seed cotton cleaners. Seed cotton “spiked” with pieces of shopping bags, single-layer non-tacky round module wrap (RMW), and three-layer RMW of various sizes was introduced into the machines. Overall, the contamination cleaner was more effective at removing plastic contamination than a conventional cotton gin stick machine and inclined cleaner. Increasing the airflow to the contamination cleaner improved plastic removal. Overall capture of plastic across all sizes and types increased from 16 to 48% when airflow was increased from 17,500 to 30,200 m3/hr (10,300 to 17,800 ft3/min). However, seed cotton captured with the plastic also increased from 1.4 to 34 kg (3 to 75 lb) per bale. Shopping bag material and one-layer non-tacky RMW (lighter, pliable) were more effectively removed than three-layer RMW (heavier, stiffer), and smaller plastic pieces were more effectively removed than larger pieces. All the machines tested removed about the same amount of cotton trash (about 13.6 kg or 30 lb per bale).","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47380346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enrique Eduardo Pena Martinez, G. Collins, J. Ward, Natalie Nelson
The decision to replant suboptimal cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) stands has become more challenging in recent years because the suggested retail price per bag of replanting seed has increased by more than 25%. Previous studies have justified replanting when ≥ 50% of planted area is occupied by skips ≥ 0.91 m (3 ft). Revision of replanting recommendations was deemed necessary with the introduction of more advanced and accurate plant and skip detection methods. The objective of this study was to update replanting recommendations using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The study was conducted at three sites in eastern North Carolina during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. Each site had an early- and a late-planted trial. Treatment combinations were produced using various ratios of DP 1646 B2XF and DP 493 cotton seed. Simulated replanted plots were planted with 100% DP 1646 B2XF three to four weeks after initial planting. Following emergence, glyphosate and glufosinate were applied to terminate all conventional seedlings and produce random skips. Cotton skips were detected using a Zenmuse X5 RGB sensor mounted on a UAV. Yield was regressed to the percentage of planted area occupied by skips > 0.91 m. In 2019, the replanted treatment did not yield higher than earlier planted treatments but, in 2020, yields were significantly higher in the replanted treatment compared to most earlier planted treatments. The data suggest that a replant should be triggered when 30 to 40% of the planted area is occupied by skips ≥ 0.91 m.
{"title":"Refining Cotton Replanting Recommendations","authors":"Enrique Eduardo Pena Martinez, G. Collins, J. Ward, Natalie Nelson","doi":"10.56454/dvso8721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/dvso8721","url":null,"abstract":"The decision to replant suboptimal cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) stands has become more challenging in recent years because the suggested retail price per bag of replanting seed has increased by more than 25%. Previous studies have justified replanting when ≥ 50% of planted area is occupied by skips ≥ 0.91 m (3 ft). Revision of replanting recommendations was deemed necessary with the introduction of more advanced and accurate plant and skip detection methods. The objective of this study was to update replanting recommendations using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The study was conducted at three sites in eastern North Carolina during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. Each site had an early- and a late-planted trial. Treatment combinations were produced using various ratios of DP 1646 B2XF and DP 493 cotton seed. Simulated replanted plots were planted with 100% DP 1646 B2XF three to four weeks after initial planting. Following emergence, glyphosate and glufosinate were applied to terminate all conventional seedlings and produce random skips. Cotton skips were detected using a Zenmuse X5 RGB sensor mounted on a UAV. Yield was regressed to the percentage of planted area occupied by skips > 0.91 m. In 2019, the replanted treatment did not yield higher than earlier planted treatments but, in 2020, yields were significantly higher in the replanted treatment compared to most earlier planted treatments. The data suggest that a replant should be triggered when 30 to 40% of the planted area is occupied by skips ≥ 0.91 m.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46566454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increased lint yields of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars during recent years have been accompanied by increased lint percentages and decreased seed size. Small seed size can be associated with low seed and seedling vigor and can contribute to ginning problems. In contrast, large seed size can be associated with thin seed coats and lower lint yields. Our objective was to develop an index that would characterize seed size and lint weight per seed. Seed-score (S-score) attempts to normalize seed index (SI) and lint index (LI) into a single index with penalties for both high and low SI values and no penalty for high LI values. Location × cultivar means (6,453 lines) for SI and LI extracted from the 1999 through 2020 Arkansas Cotton Variety Testing program produced mean SI of 10.17 ± 1.07 g and mean LI of 7.01 ± 0.90 g. These data were used to develop the normalization and weighting of factors for S-score. S-score was then calculated for transgenic cultivars evaluated in the 2015 through 2020 Arkansas Cotton Variety Tests. Within each year, cultivar was the major source of variation for SI, LI, and S-score. The 2015-2017 data set and the 2018-2020 data set produced 12 and 15 common cultivars, respectively. S-score among cultivars varied by more than 25 points in each data set and was relatively consistent over years. S-score will most likely be used as a secondary selection criterion in cotton cultivar development programs.
{"title":"Seed-score (S-score), a Method for Characterizing Seed and Lint Indices of Cotton Lines","authors":"F. Bourland, E. Barnes, Don C. Jones","doi":"10.56454/gfhm2997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/gfhm2997","url":null,"abstract":"Increased lint yields of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars during recent years have been accompanied by increased lint percentages and decreased seed size. Small seed size can be associated with low seed and seedling vigor and can contribute to ginning problems. In contrast, large seed size can be associated with thin seed coats and lower lint yields. Our objective was to develop an index that would characterize seed size and lint weight per seed. Seed-score (S-score) attempts to normalize seed index (SI) and lint index (LI) into a single index with penalties for both high and low SI values and no penalty for high LI values. Location × cultivar means (6,453 lines) for SI and LI extracted from the 1999 through 2020 Arkansas Cotton Variety Testing program produced mean SI of 10.17 ± 1.07 g and mean LI of 7.01 ± 0.90 g. These data were used to develop the normalization and weighting of factors for S-score. S-score was then calculated for transgenic cultivars evaluated in the 2015 through 2020 Arkansas Cotton Variety Tests. Within each year, cultivar was the major source of variation for SI, LI, and S-score. The 2015-2017 data set and the 2018-2020 data set produced 12 and 15 common cultivars, respectively. S-score among cultivars varied by more than 25 points in each data set and was relatively consistent over years. S-score will most likely be used as a secondary selection criterion in cotton cultivar development programs.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brianna Heilsnis, Autumn McLaughlin, K. Conner, J. Koebernick, A. Jacobson
A new variant of cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) (genus: Polerovirus, family: Solemoviridae) was discovered in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields that were reported to be infested with aphids and whiteflies in southern Alabama in 2017. Prior to the confirmation of CLRDV, speculation focused on whiteflies as a potential vector of the then-unknown virus. Although the only vector reported to transmit CLRDV to cotton is the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover), two recombinant poleroviruses have been reported recently to be transmitted by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). Due to the emergence of a new CLRDV variant in the U.S., and the recent studies on recombinant poleroviruses, conflicting messages that whiteflies and/or aphids could be transmitting CLRDV have been relayed to growers and stakeholders in the Cotton Belt. The objective of this study was to determine if A. gossypii or B. tabaci (B Mitotype) transmit CLRDV to cotton. The results demonstrated that the CLRDV-AL variant was transmissible by alate and apterous morphs of A. gossypii, but not by B. tabaci. These findings emphasize the importance of screening insect vectors for the transmission of novel plant virus variants to correctly identify the vector(s) and provide growers and stakeholders with appropriate information to make informed management decisions.
{"title":"Vector Competency of Aphis gossypii and Bemisia tabaci to Transmit Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus","authors":"Brianna Heilsnis, Autumn McLaughlin, K. Conner, J. Koebernick, A. Jacobson","doi":"10.56454/efdp8347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/efdp8347","url":null,"abstract":"A new variant of cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) (genus: Polerovirus, family: Solemoviridae) was discovered in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields that were reported to be infested with aphids and whiteflies in southern Alabama in 2017. Prior to the confirmation of CLRDV, speculation focused on whiteflies as a potential vector of the then-unknown virus. Although the only vector reported to transmit CLRDV to cotton is the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover), two recombinant poleroviruses have been reported recently to be transmitted by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). Due to the emergence of a new CLRDV variant in the U.S., and the recent studies on recombinant poleroviruses, conflicting messages that whiteflies and/or aphids could be transmitting CLRDV have been relayed to growers and stakeholders in the Cotton Belt. The objective of this study was to determine if A. gossypii or B. tabaci (B Mitotype) transmit CLRDV to cotton. The results demonstrated that the CLRDV-AL variant was transmissible by alate and apterous morphs of A. gossypii, but not by B. tabaci. These findings emphasize the importance of screening insect vectors for the transmission of novel plant virus variants to correctly identify the vector(s) and provide growers and stakeholders with appropriate information to make informed management decisions.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70803455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Hand, E. Barnes, P. Roberts, J. Snider, W. Porter
In 2020, there were an abnormal number of seed coat fragment (SCF) reports from cotton produced in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida resulting in price deductions of more than $23 million in the region and $18 million in Georgia alone based on loan value. To understand what led to the historic number of SCF calls, variety trial samples from Georgia were evaluated for SCF issues. Trials were conducted across 24 locations in Georgia and included 12 varieties. A total of 286 seedcotton samples were ginned at the UGA Microgin in Tifton, GA, and two fiber samples were collected, one for High Volume Instrument and one for Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) analysis, and a seed sample was collected for free fatty acid (FFA) analysis. None of the samples sent to the Memphis, TN classing office received an extraneous matter call; however, there were differences in AFIS seed coat nep (SCN) counts, trash, and FFA when evaluated by site and variety. Variety was not as impactful as location, indicating that environmental differences between sites were responsible for the differences. As more rainfall occurred from first open boll to harvest, SCN count increased. Additionally, as average daily solar radiation increased, SCN count decreased. Therefore, it was determined that significant and prolonged weathering is what likely led to the outbreak of SCF issues in the Southeast. Future research should continue to evaluate environmental impacts on the occurrence of extraneous matter as well as an objective method to determine extraneous matter occurrences in cotton lint.
2020年，阿拉巴马州、佐治亚州和佛罗里达州生产的棉花出现了数量异常的种皮碎片(SCF)报告，导致该地区的价格扣除超过2300万美元，仅佐治亚州的贷款价值就减少了1800万美元。为了了解是什么导致了SCF呼叫的历史数量，对来自佐治亚州的各种试验样本进行了SCF问题评估。试验在格鲁吉亚的24个地点进行，包括12个品种。在美国乔治亚州蒂夫顿的UGA Microgin采集286份棉籽样品，收集2份纤维样品，1份用于High Volume Instrument, 1份用于Advanced fiber Information System (AFIS)分析，1份用于游离脂肪酸(FFA)分析。送到田纳西州孟菲斯市班级办公室的样本都没有接到无关紧要的电话;然而，不同地点和品种的AFIS种皮nep (SCN)计数、垃圾和FFA存在差异。种类的影响不如地点的影响，这表明地点之间的环境差异是造成差异的原因。从第一次开铃到收获的降雨越多，SCN计数增加。此外，随着平均日太阳辐射的增加，SCN计数减少。因此，确定明显和长期的风化可能是导致东南部SCF问题爆发的原因。未来的研究应继续评价环境对外来物发生的影响，以及确定棉绒中外来物发生的客观方法。
{"title":"Impact of Environmental Conditions and Variety on Seed Coat Fragment Issues in Georgia in 2020","authors":"L. Hand, E. Barnes, P. Roberts, J. Snider, W. Porter","doi":"10.56454/lqjn7564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/lqjn7564","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, there were an abnormal number of seed coat fragment (SCF) reports from cotton produced in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida resulting in price deductions of more than $23 million in the region and $18 million in Georgia alone based on loan value. To understand what led to the historic number of SCF calls, variety trial samples from Georgia were evaluated for SCF issues. Trials were conducted across 24 locations in Georgia and included 12 varieties. A total of 286 seedcotton samples were ginned at the UGA Microgin in Tifton, GA, and two fiber samples were collected, one for High Volume Instrument and one for Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) analysis, and a seed sample was collected for free fatty acid (FFA) analysis. None of the samples sent to the Memphis, TN classing office received an extraneous matter call; however, there were differences in AFIS seed coat nep (SCN) counts, trash, and FFA when evaluated by site and variety. Variety was not as impactful as location, indicating that environmental differences between sites were responsible for the differences. As more rainfall occurred from first open boll to harvest, SCN count increased. Additionally, as average daily solar radiation increased, SCN count decreased. Therefore, it was determined that significant and prolonged weathering is what likely led to the outbreak of SCF issues in the Southeast. Future research should continue to evaluate environmental impacts on the occurrence of extraneous matter as well as an objective method to determine extraneous matter occurrences in cotton lint.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70804587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junglerice has continued to expand its range as a serious weed pest in Tennessee cotton. Both glyphosate resistance and herbicide antagonism have been documented as possible causes for poor control. Approximately 15% of junglerice populations in Tennessee have been found to be glyphosate resistant. In addition, dicamba tank mixtures with glyphosate and/or clethodim have been reported to reduce junglerice control. Due to poor in-crop control, starting clean has taken on added importance when trying to control junglerice. Therefore, research was conducted to determine the best herbicide burndown methods utilizing clethodim, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate, or paraquat. Paraquat alone or in tank-mixtures with glyphosate or clethodim provided poor control (< 50%). Likewise, glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture with glyphosate or clethodim provided poor control (< 35%). A dicamba + glyphosate, glufosinate + clethodim, or paraquat + clethodim application provided poor junglerice control. Regardless of which herbicides were initially applied, making a follow-up application of glyphosate or glyphosate + clethodim two weeks later provided optimal control of junglerice. In Tennessee, a glyphosate + clethodim application at 14 days before planting is recommended to control junglerice, other grasses and some broadleaf weeds, followed by paraquat at-planting to control remaining weed species.
{"title":"Efficacy of Burndown with Sequential Applications for Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) Control","authors":"Clay M. Perkins, T. Mueller, L. Steckel","doi":"10.56454/niuu9765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56454/niuu9765","url":null,"abstract":"Junglerice has continued to expand its range as a serious weed pest in Tennessee cotton. Both glyphosate resistance and herbicide antagonism have been documented as possible causes for poor control. Approximately 15% of junglerice populations in Tennessee have been found to be glyphosate resistant. In addition, dicamba tank mixtures with glyphosate and/or clethodim have been reported to reduce junglerice control. Due to poor in-crop control, starting clean has taken on added importance when trying to control junglerice. Therefore, research was conducted to determine the best herbicide burndown methods utilizing clethodim, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate, or paraquat. Paraquat alone or in tank-mixtures with glyphosate or clethodim provided poor control (< 50%). Likewise, glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture with glyphosate or clethodim provided poor control (< 35%). A dicamba + glyphosate, glufosinate + clethodim, or paraquat + clethodim application provided poor junglerice control. Regardless of which herbicides were initially applied, making a follow-up application of glyphosate or glyphosate + clethodim two weeks later provided optimal control of junglerice. In Tennessee, a glyphosate + clethodim application at 14 days before planting is recommended to control junglerice, other grasses and some broadleaf weeds, followed by paraquat at-planting to control remaining weed species.","PeriodicalId":15558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cotton science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70804845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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