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The Use of Canopeo for Seedling Cotton Health Ratings in Small Plot Research Canopeo在小块棉花苗木健康等级研究中的应用
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/ssci4336
Scott H. Graham, Xiao-Qin Zhu, H. Kelly, S. Stewart
Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in west Tennessee to determine if Canopeo, an image analysis tool available as a smartphone app, could be used to supplement current methods to estimate cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., seedling health in small-plot research tests. A total of six tests, providing a range of cotton seedling health, were used in this analysis. Cotton seedlings in replicated small-plot tests were visually rated for vigor and thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) injury. A photograph of the center two rows of each plot was taken and analyzed to determine green canopy cover using Canopeo. Additionally, above ground biomass samples were collected in three of the tests. Strong correlations were observed between green canopy cover and biomass, green canopy cover and vigor, and thrips injury ratings and biomass. These data suggest that green canopy cover assessment using Canopeo is a useful and non-destructive way to objectively assess treatment effects on plant health in small-plot cotton research trials.
研究人员于2017年和2018年在田纳西州西部进行了实地试验,以确定Canopeo(一种图像分析工具,可作为智能手机应用程序)是否可以用于补充现有的方法,以评估小块研究试验中的棉花、棉棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)幼苗健康状况。在此分析中,总共使用了六种试验,提供了一系列棉花幼苗健康状况。对重复小块试验棉花幼苗进行活力和蓟马伤害目测评定。利用Canopeo对每个地块的中心两行进行了拍摄和分析,以确定绿色冠层的覆盖。此外,在三个试验中收集了地上生物量样本。绿冠层盖度与生物量、绿冠层盖度与活力、蓟马伤害等级与生物量呈极显著相关。这些数据表明,在小块棉花研究试验中,使用Canopeo进行绿色冠层覆盖评价是一种有效且无损的方法,可以客观评价处理对植物健康的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of Early Season Foliar Fungicide Applications to Support Non-Fungicidal ‘Plant Health’ Benefits 早期叶面杀菌剂应用对支持非杀菌剂“植物健康”效益的评价
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/adtj9206
T. Raper, D. Fromme, D. Dodds, G. Morgan, R. Boman, Shawn A. Butler, W. Frame
The recent labeling of a new fungicide and rumors of non-fungicidal ‘plant health’ benefits achieved through early-season foliar applications of certain fungicides have led to inquiries concerning the practice. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of an early-season fungicide application on early-season growth or end-of-season lint yields, turnout, and/or fiber quality when disease symptoms are not present. During the 2014-2016 growing seasons, a total of ten trials were established in Alexandria, LA; Starkville, MS; Fort Cobb, OK; Jackson, TN; and Snook, TX. Fungicide treatments included an untreated control, a foliar application of 0.11 kg ai ha-1 zoxystrobin, and a foliar application of 0.07 kg ai ha-1 fluxapyroxad + 0.15 kg ai ha-1 pyraclostrobin. All treatments targeted the two through four true leaf growth stage. A significant interaction between fungicide treatment and site-year was observed from node counts collected at 14 and 28 DAA. Site-year analysis indicated a significant reduction in node counts observed with the azoxystrobin treatment in one site-year in the 14 DAA data and one site-year in the 28 DAA data. Fungicide treatment did not impact plant height or vigor ratings collected at 14 or 28 DAA, chlorophyll meter readings, lint yield, turnout, or fiber quality parameters in any site-year. Failure of fungicide treatments to positively impact in-season growth measurements, yield, and yield parameters suggests the evaluated fungicides should not be applied early-season for the purpose of improving ‘plant health’ and should instead be reserved to target above-threshold levels of disease incidence/severity.
最近一种新的杀菌剂的标签和非杀菌剂“植物健康”益处的谣言通过季节早期的叶面施用某些杀菌剂导致了对这种做法的调查。本研究的目的是确定在没有疾病症状的情况下,季前施用杀菌剂对季前生长或季末皮棉产量、出纱率和/或纤维质量的影响。在2014-2016年的生长季节,在洛杉矶亚历山大市共建立了10个试验;斯塔克维尔女士;科布堡,OK;杰克逊,TN;杀菌剂处理包括未经处理的对照,叶面施用0.11 kg艾哈-1吡唑菌酯,叶面施用0.07 kg艾哈-1氟吡唑菌酯+ 0.15 kg艾哈-1吡唑菌酯。所有处理均针对2 ~ 4真叶生长期。从14和28 DAA收集的节点计数中观察到杀菌剂处理与站点年之间存在显著的相互作用。位点年分析表明,在14个位点年的数据和28个位点年的数据中,azoxystrobin治疗的节点计数显著减少。在任何地点年,杀菌剂处理都不影响14或28 DAA时收集的植株高度或活力等级、叶绿素计读数、衣棉产量、道道率或纤维质量参数。杀菌剂处理未能对当季生长测量、产量和产量参数产生积极影响,这表明经评估的杀菌剂不应以改善“植物健康”为目的在季前施用,而应保留用于高于阈值的疾病发病率/严重程度。
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引用次数: 0
Cotton Improvement Conference 1948-2018 and Cotton Genetics Research Award 1961-2018 1948-2018年棉花改良会议和1961-2018年棉花遗传学研究奖
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/hiqy1456
Jack C. McCarty Jr.
The 70th anniversary of the Cotton Improvement Conference (CIC) was celebrated at the 2018 annual meeting. The CIC was organized in 1948 at a meeting held in conjunction with the Southern Agricultural Workers in New Orleans, LA. The structure of the CIC was informal with the purpose of allowing state, federal, and other cotton workers to report on research, exchange ideas and facilitate research program planning. The first meeting was held in Baton Rouge, LA in 1949. Few records remain of the early years of the conference even though mimeograph proceedings were produced. In 1956, the CIC joined the Beltwide Cotton Production Conference and has continued to meet annually with this group. In 1956, the Beltwide Conferences consisted of the Cotton Disease Council, founded in 1936, Cotton Defoliation – Physiology, established in 1942, Cotton Insect Control (1947), and CIC. Through the years members of the CIC have played key roles in the Joint Cotton Breeding Policy Committee, National Cotton Variety Test Program, and the Cotton Winter Nursery. The reporting of research, exchanging of ideas, and cooperation among public and private cotton workers has persisted throughout the 70 years of the CIC and these activities have benefitted the cotton industry. The Cotton Genetics Research Award was established in 1961 by the commercial cotton breeders to recognize scientific achievement in basic research in cotton genetics, cytogenetics and breeding.
2018年年会庆祝棉花改良大会成立70周年。1948年,在与南方农业工人在洛杉矶新奥尔良举行的一次会议上,该委员会成立了。该委员会的结构是非正式的,其目的是允许州、联邦和其他棉花工人报告研究情况,交换意见并促进研究项目的规划。第一次会议于1949年在洛杉矶的巴吞鲁日举行。尽管会议的会议记录被印成了油印机,但关于会议早期的记录却很少。1956年,CIC加入了Beltwide棉花生产会议,并继续每年与该组织会面。1956年,Beltwide会议包括成立于1936年的棉花疾病委员会,1942年成立的棉花落叶生理学,1947年成立的棉花昆虫控制和CIC。多年来,CIC的成员在联合棉花育种政策委员会、国家棉花品种试验计划和棉花冬季苗圃中发挥了关键作用。在中国棉花协会成立的70年里,公共和私营棉花工人之间的研究报告、思想交流和合作一直在坚持,这些活动使棉花工业受益。棉花遗传学研究奖是由商业棉花育种家于1961年设立的,旨在表彰在棉花遗传学、细胞遗传学和育种基础研究方面取得的科学成就。
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引用次数: 0
COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK: A Comprehensive Gin Maintenance Program 轧棉机手册:一个全面的轧棉机维修计划
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/xqui5895
P. Funk, Robert G. Hardin IV
A comprehensive gin maintenance program is critical to optimizing the efficiency of a ginning system and affects labor, energy, and maintenance costs; safety, downtime, daily throughput, fiber properties, and customer satisfaction. A comprehensive gin maintenance program includes a sound maintenance philosophy, downtime and repair documentation and guidelines, a dormant season repair program, ginning season preventive maintenance, and a ginning season repair program. Implementing a comprehensive gin maintenance program in dormant and ginning seasons will minimize the frequency and length of downtime. This will maximize throughput, reducing energy and labor costs per bale, benefitting both the gin’s customers and its owners. Example downtime, inspection, repair and preventive maintenance reports are provided.
一个全面的轧机维护计划对优化轧机系统的效率至关重要,并影响到劳动力、能源和维护成本;安全性、停机时间、每日吞吐量、光纤性能和客户满意度。全面的轧机维修计划包括完善的维修理念、停机和维修文件和指南、休眠季节维修计划、开机季节预防性维护和开机季节维修计划。在休眠和启动季节实施全面的轧机维护计划将最大限度地减少停机的频率和时间。这将最大限度地提高产量,降低每包的能源和劳动力成本,使杜松子酒的客户和所有者都受益。提供停机时间、检查、维修和预防性维护报告示例。
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引用次数: 0
Joint Segregation of High Glanding with Nectariless and Frego Bract in Cotton 棉花无花蜜苞片和无花蜜苞片高腺体的联合分离
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/zghf1019
M. A. Tcach, Monica V. Spoljaric, D. A. Bela, C. Acuña
There are mutant alleles in the genus Gossypium that increase its tolerance to insect pests. Among the traits that are effective against different insects, high glanding and nectariless increase cotton tolerance to lepidopteran insects, whereas frego bract suppresses the oviposition of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. The objectives of this research were to transfer the high-glanding trait to frego-bract and nectariless plants. The genotypes used belonged to G. hirsutum: Guazuncho 3 INTA nectariless ne, SP 26 high glanding HG, and SP 47304 frego bract BF. Crosses between SP 26 HG/Guazuncho 3 INTA ne and SP 26 HG/SP 47304 BF and the F2 and F3 generations were obtained. For the combination of high glanding with frego bract, the frequency of individuals with both features varied from 6.4% in the F2 generations to 24.6% in the F3. For the other combination, high glanding with nectariless, the frequency of recombination was of 7.3% in the F2 and 11.8% in the F3. High glanding, nectariless, and frego bract are independently inherited traits in G. hirsutum. Therefore, it is possible to combine the high-glanding trait with frego bracts or nectariless in the same line.
棉属植物中存在突变等位基因,增加了其对害虫的耐受性。在对不同昆虫有效的性状中,高腺体和无花蜜增加了棉花对鳞翅目昆虫的耐受性,而果苞片抑制了棉铃象鼻虫Anthonomus grandis Boheman的产卵。本研究的目的是将高腺体性状转移到无苞片和无蜜植物上。使用的基因型分别为:Guazuncho 3 INTA无花蜜型、sp26高腺体型和sp47304果苞型。获得了sp26hg /Guazuncho 3 INTA ne与sp26hg / sp47304 BF和F2、F3代的杂交组合。对于高腺体与高苞片组合,具有这两种特征的个体频率从F2代的6.4%到F3代的24.6%不等。高腺体无蜜组合F2和F3的重组频率分别为7.3%和11.8%。高腺体、无花蜜、苞片为独立遗传性状。因此,在同一品系中,高腺体性状与无苞片或无花蜜性状组合是可能的。
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引用次数: 1
COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK: Cotton Gin Pneumatic Conveying Systems 轧棉机手册:轧棉机气力输送系统
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/rlem8406
D. Whitelock, M. Buser, G. Holt, Robert G. Hardin IV, Kelley Green, J. Fábián, Duncan McCook
Cotton gins use air to move seed cotton, lint, cottonseed, and trash through conveying pipes. In gins, pneumatic conveying systems are the principal means of moving material from one processing stage to another throughout the entire ginning plant. Further, material drying or moisture restoration can be accomplished by heating or humidifying the conveying air. Pneumatic systems are a critical and fundamental component of cotton ginning. Cotton gins use large quantities of air for pneumatic conveying. It is common for a gin to use 4,248 m3 (150,000 ft3) or more of air per minute in its various material conveying systems. Because the density of dry standard air is approximately 1.2 kg/m3 (0.075 lb/ft3), a typical gin using 4,248 m3/min (150,000 ft3/min) of air moves 305,860 kg (675,000 lb) of air per hour. This mass of air per hour is approximately 1.5 times the total mass of material handled per hour. Typically, more than 60 to 65% of the total electrical power consumed by a cotton gin is attributed to moving material pneumatically. Properly taking air measurements, determining air flow requirements, sizing conveying pipes, sizing fans to generate required air flow rates, and accounting for specific machinery air requirements are essential to maximizing machine utilization, minimizing energy costs, and decreasing system downtime. This update of the Cotton Ginners Handbook provides current technical information on cotton gin pneumatic systems. It draws heavily on previous versions of the Cotton Ginners Handbook (Stedronsky 1964; McCaskill et al., 1977; Baker et al., 1994) and the knowledge and experience of current and past instructors of the Air Systems classes from the National Cotton Ginners’ Association Gin Schools.
轧棉机利用空气将棉籽、棉绒、棉籽和垃圾通过输送管道输送。在轧机中,气力输送系统是将物料从一个加工阶段移动到另一个加工阶段的主要手段,贯穿整个轧机工厂。此外,可以通过加热或加湿输送空气来完成物料干燥或水分恢复。气动系统是轧棉的关键和基本组成部分。轧棉机使用大量的空气进行气力输送。在各种物料输送系统中,每分钟使用4,248立方米(150,000立方英尺)或更多的空气是很常见的。由于干燥标准空气的密度约为1.2 kg/m3 (0.075 lb/ft3),因此典型的轧锭机使用4,248 m3/min (150,000 ft3/min)的空气每小时移动305,860 kg (675,000 lb)的空气。每小时的空气质量大约是每小时处理的物料总质量的1.5倍。通常,轧棉机消耗的总电力的60%到65%以上是由于气动移动材料。适当地进行空气测量,确定空气流量要求,确定输送管道的尺寸,确定风扇的尺寸以产生所需的空气流量,并考虑特定的机械空气要求,对于最大限度地提高机器利用率,最大限度地降低能源成本和减少系统停机时间至关重要。轧棉机手册的更新提供了轧棉机气动系统的最新技术信息。它大量借鉴了以前版本的《轧棉工人手册》(Stedronsky 1964;McCaskill et al., 1977;Baker等人,1994年),以及来自全国轧棉机协会轧棉机学校的现任和过去的空气系统课程讲师的知识和经验。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Irrigation Timing on Tarnished Plant Bug Populations and Yield of Cotton 灌溉时机对棉花褐虫种群及产量的影响
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/ycur2379
C. Wood, J. Gore, A. Catchot, D. Cook, D. Dodds, J. Krutz
The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), is the most significant insect pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), in the mid-southern United States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee). Past research has shown the impact that planting date, nitrogen rate, and variety selection has on tarnished plant bug populations, but a paucity of data exists on the effect irrigation timing has on tarnished plant bug. Experiments were conducted at the Mississippi State University Delta Research and Extension Center in Stoneville, MS to determine if insecticide applications targeting the tarnished plant bug could be reduced in response to irrigation timings. Treatments were in a strip-block arrangement, with the main plot factor being irrigations initiated at squaring, first flower, peak flower, and a non-irrigated control. The sub-plot factor was tarnished plant bug management that consisted of insecticide applications made weekly, at threshold, and a non-treated control. Overall, insecticide applications for tarnished plant bug increase yield. Irrigation initiated at squaring resulted in tarnished plant bugs exceeding the recommended treatment threshold significantly more than when irrigations were initiated later in the growing season. Also, when irrigation was postponed until peak flower, no yield loss or delay in maturity was observed. These results indicate that irrigation timing could be a potential cultural control practice that reduces the number of insecticide applications targeting tarnished plant bug populations in Mid-South cotton.
在美国中南部(阿肯色州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、密苏里州和田纳西州),变色的植物臭虫Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois)是棉花最重要的害虫。过去的研究表明,种植日期、施氮量和品种选择对褐虫种群有影响,但灌溉时间对褐虫种群的影响缺乏数据。实验是在密西西比州斯通维尔的密西西比州立大学三角洲研究和推广中心进行的,目的是确定是否可以根据灌溉时间减少针对这种变色植物虫的杀虫剂使用量。处理呈条块状排列,主要地块因子为方形、首花、峰花和非灌溉对照。子样地因子是由每周在阈值处施用杀虫剂和未处理对照组成的褪色植物虫管理。总的来说,杀虫剂的使用可以提高作物产量。在播种时开始灌溉导致的植物变色虫超过推荐的处理阈值显著高于在生长季节晚些时候开始灌溉。此外,当灌溉推迟到花峰时,没有观察到产量损失或成熟延迟。这些结果表明,灌溉时间可能是一种潜在的文化控制措施,可以减少针对中南部棉花褐虫种群的杀虫剂施用次数。
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引用次数: 2
Testing Locations in Regional High Quality Tests for Cotton Seed Quality Traits 棉花种子品质性状区域优质试验的试验地点
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/bgmn9015
L. Zeng, William C. Bridges Jr., F. Bourland
Significant genotype (G) × environment (E) effects for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed quality traits have been identified in previous studies. Significant G × E interactions necessitate multiple-location tests to evaluate seed quality traits, which add cost to the tests. Reduction of testing locations could trim costs if the analysis of G × E interactions and the efficiency in breeding are not dramatically affected. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine an appropriate reduction of testing locations without significant loss in power for detecting G × E effects; 2) to determine an appropriate reduction of testing locations without significant loss in accuracy for estimating strain means; and 3) to identify a possible mega-environment for evaluation of seed traits using GGE biplot. Historical data of Regional High Quality (RHQ) tests from 2005 through 2013 were used to address the objectives for three seed quality traits including oil content, N content, and free-gossypol. Significant G × location (L) interactions were detected in most cases. However, with averages of the three traits, less G × L interactions were detected with 7.3% and 9.1% non-significance, when two and three locations were omitted, respectively. Reduction of locations up to three, increased standard error to 25% of those with zero locations omitted. There was no clear mega-environment identified for seed traits. However, the locations of Lubbock, TX, Stoneville, MS, Florence, SC, and Portageville, MO were identified as being more representative than others for evaluation of the N content.
基因型(G) ×环境(E)对棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)种子品质性状有显著的影响。显著的G × E相互作用需要多位置试验来评价种子品质性状,这增加了试验成本。如果对G × E相互作用的分析和育种效率没有显著影响,减少测试地点可以降低成本。本研究的目的是:1)确定在不造成显著功率损失的情况下适当减少检测位置以检测G × E效应;2)确定适当减少测试位置,而不会显著降低应变平均值估算的准确性;3)利用GGE双标图确定种子性状评价的大环境。利用2005 ~ 2013年区域高品质(RHQ)试验的历史数据,对含油量、氮含量和游离棉酚3个种子品质指标进行了分析。在大多数情况下检测到显著的G ×定位(L)相互作用。然而,对3个性状的平均值,当分别省略2个和3个位点时,G × L相互作用的不显著性分别为7.3%和9.1%。将位置减少到三个,将标准误差增加到省略零位置的25%。种子性状没有明确的大环境。然而,德克萨斯州的拉伯克、密西西比州的斯通维尔、南卡罗来纳州的佛罗伦萨和密苏里州的Portageville被认为比其他地方更有代表性,可以评估氮含量。
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引用次数: 2
Cotton Growth and Yield Response to Short-Term Tillage Systems and Planting Date in North Carolina 北卡罗来纳州棉花生长和产量对短期耕作制度和播种日期的响应
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/nfrm8991
T. Spivey, K. Edmisten, R. Wells, Deovina N. Jordan, J. Heitman, G. Wilkerson, T. Spivey, Deovina N. Jordan
Tillage practices, cover crops, and planting dates can influence soil moisture and temperature conditions at planting and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) stand establishment and yield. A study was conducted in North Carolina at two locations from 2014 through 2016. Treatments included six tillage systems of fall and spring conventional raised beds and flat strip tillage planted in early and late May, with and without a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop. Tillage treatments include conventional spring raised beds, fall strip till, stale seedbed, at-plant strip till, pre-plant strip till, and stale seedbed with at-plant strip till. Except for fall strip tillage, no tillage systems reduced plant populations compared to conventionally tilled cotton in any environment. Crop growth rates were similar in conventional and spring strip-till systems and were lower in four planting date environments with stale seedbeds. In 2016, in-row soil resistance was measured from 0- to 30-cm depth using a conical penetrometer both at planting and post-harvest. Plots without any spring tillage had the greatest soil resistance for all measurements and depths. All plots with spring tillage had similar soil resistance to at least the 15-cm depth from which point the conventional spring beds had the least soil resistance through the 30-cm profile. Late planted cotton in 2014 showed inconsistent yield differences among tillage systems between locations. When pooled over location and year for 2015 and 2016, however, tillage system did not influence cotton yield. These data indicate that cotton yields in reduced-till systems are comparable to cotton grown in conventional systems in North Carolina soils.
耕作方式、覆盖作物和种植日期可以影响种植和棉花(棉)立地建立和产量时的土壤湿度和温度条件。2014年至2016年,在北卡罗来纳州的两个地点进行了一项研究。处理包括6种耕作制度,分别为秋、春常规垄作和5月上下旬种植的平条耕作,覆盖作物有小麦和无小麦。耕作方法包括传统的春耕、秋耕、陈腐苗床、株内陈腐苗床、种前陈腐苗床和株内陈腐苗床。除了秋季的带状耕作外,在任何环境下,与传统耕作相比,免耕制度都减少了棉花的植物种群。常规带状耕作和春季带状耕作的作物生长速率相似,但在四种播种日期环境下,种子床陈旧,作物生长速率较低。2016年,在种植和收获后,使用锥形穿透仪测量了0至30厘米深度的行内土壤抗性。在所有测量值和深度上,未进行春耕的地块土壤阻力最大。所有春耕样地至少在15cm深度的土壤阻力相似,其中常规春耕畦在30cm剖面上的土壤阻力最小。2014年晚播棉花在不同耕作制度下的产量差异不一致。然而,当对2015年和2016年的地点和年份进行汇总时,耕作制度对棉花产量没有影响。这些数据表明,在北卡罗莱纳州土壤中,减少耕作系统的棉花产量与传统耕作系统的棉花产量相当。
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引用次数: 0
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Injury, Growth, and Yield Following Low-Dose Flumioxazin Postemergence Applications 棉花(棉)低剂量氟恶嗪苗后应用后的伤害、生长和产量
IF 0.5 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.56454/scjm9847
Daniel O. Stephenson IV, T. Spivey, Michael A. Deliberto Jr., D. Blouin, Brandi C. Woolam, Trace B. Buck
The effects of postemergence (POST) herbicides off-target movement on cotton has been evaluated, but no data is available evaluating simulated off-target movement of residual herbicides. Therefore, low-dose POST applications of flumioxazin were evaluated in cotton at the cotyledon, two- and four-leaf growth stages. Rates evaluated were 12.5, 25, and 50% of the labeled use rate of 72 g ai ha-1. Necrosis, cotton height and width reduction was observed. Cotyledon cotton was injured 69 to 86%, 80 to 91%, and 84 to 97% following the 12.5, 25, and 50% flumioxazin rates, respectively, 3 through 42 DAT. Injury of two-leaf cotton increased from 3 to 14 DAT for all flumioxazin rates with maximum injury of 40, 47, and 58% following the 12.5, 25, and 50% rates, respectively, 14 DAT, but injury decreased following the 14 DAT evaluation. Injury of four-leaf cotton was 46 to 58% 3 DAT and decreased over time regardless of rate. At 42 DAT, two- and four-leaf cotton was injured 14 to 33% and increased with flumioxazin rate. Cotton height and width averaged 40, 80, 86% of the nontreated following the cotyledon, two-, and four-leaf application timings, respectively, 42 DAT. In addition, height was more influenced by flumioxazin rate than cotton width. Yields were 24, 52, and 62% of the nontreated following the cotyledon, two-, and four-leaf applications timings, respectively. In addition, yields following the 12.5, 25, and 50% rates were 53, 45, and 40% of the nontreated. Low-doses of flumioxazin reduced revenue $1,172 to $2,344 ha-1 for lint and $212 to 423 ha-1 for cotton seed. Low-doses of flumioxazin POST can have negative effects on cotton growth and yield and could cause severe economic loss for a cotton producer.
已有研究对出苗期除草剂脱靶对棉花的影响进行了评价,但目前尚无残留除草剂模拟脱靶效果的评价数据。因此,在棉花子叶期、二叶期和四叶期对氟恶嗪进行了低剂量后施试验。评估率分别为72g ai ha-1标示使用率的12.5、25和50%。坏死,棉的高度和宽度减少。氟恶嗪用量为12.5、25%和50%,3 ~ 42个试验数据对子叶棉的伤害分别为69 ~ 86%、80 ~ 91%和84 ~ 97%。在所有氟恶嗪浓度下,两叶棉的伤害从3 ~ 14dat增加,分别在12.5、25和50%浓度下,最大伤害分别为40%、47%和58%,但在14dat评价后伤害减少。四叶棉的伤害率为46% ~ 58%,且随时间的推移而降低。42 d时,二叶棉和四叶棉的损伤率为14% ~ 33%,氟恶嗪用量增加。子叶、二叶和四叶施用后,棉花的高度和宽度分别为未处理的40%、80%和86%。氟恶嗪用量对棉高的影响大于棉宽。子叶、二叶和四叶施用量分别为未处理的24%、52%和62%。此外,12.5、25%和50%处理后的产量分别是未处理的53%、45%和40%。低剂量氟唑嗪使皮棉收入减少1 172至2 344公顷/ 1美元,棉籽收入减少212至423公顷/ 1美元。低剂量氟恶嗪POST可对棉花生长和产量产生负面影响,并可能给棉花生产者造成严重的经济损失。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of cotton science
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