Abstract An environmental-friendly supercapacitor based on aqueous electrolyte was fabricated. Electrodes with conductive spider nest–shaped three-dimensional(3D)porous structure was prepared for the assembly of symmetric supercapacitors. The nickel foam was modified by multiwalled carbon nanotubes and β-cyclodextrin. The construction of spider nest was stabilized via the chemical bond inside carbon nanotubes, π-π stack effects among carbon nanotubes, and physical adsorption between nickel foam and carbon nanotubes substrate. The role of β-cyclodextrin is dispersant to prevent agglomeration of carbon nanotubes, thereby enhancing electroactive surface area of nickel foam, and improving the specific capacitance of the electrodes. Furthermore, the electrodes exhibited excellent rate capability. The obtained symmetrical supercapacitors exhibited excellent power density of 17561.3 W kg−1, good specific capacitance of 398.8 F g−1, and energy density of 154.8 Wh kg−1 for 4000 cycles with outstanding cycling stability. In addition, the specific capacitance, energy density, and power density of the supercapacitor operating in seawater were found to be 100.2 F g−1, 17.8 Wh kg−1, and 2568 Wh kg−1, respectively, for 3000 cycles. Overall, our findings indicate that the supercapacitor could stably operate in seawater and shows potential for use as an eco-friendly power supply to marine engineering equipment.
摘要制备了一种基于水电解质的环境友好型超级电容器。制备了具有导电蜘蛛巢状三维多孔结构的电极，用于对称超级电容器的组装。采用多壁碳纳米管和β-环糊精对泡沫镍进行改性。通过碳纳米管内部的化学键、碳纳米管之间的π-π堆叠效应以及泡沫镍与碳纳米管衬底之间的物理吸附来稳定蜘蛛网的结构。β-环糊精起到分散剂的作用，防止碳纳米管团聚，从而增大泡沫镍的电活性表面积，提高电极的比电容。此外，电极表现出优异的速率性能。所制得的对称型超级电容器具有优异的功率密度(17561.3 W kg−1)、良好的比电容(398.8 F g−1)和能量密度(154.8 Wh kg−1)，可循环4000次，且具有良好的循环稳定性。此外，在海水中运行3000次时，超级电容器的比电容、能量密度和功率密度分别为100.2 F g−1、17.8 Wh kg−1和2568 Wh kg−1。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，超级电容器可以在海水中稳定运行，并显示出作为海洋工程设备的环保电源的潜力。
{"title":"Supercapacitors based on spider nest shaped nickel foam electrodes operating in seawater","authors":"Haiying Li, Yuchen Hui, Zunbin Xia, Huixin Wang","doi":"10.1115/1.4063612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063612","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An environmental-friendly supercapacitor based on aqueous electrolyte was fabricated. Electrodes with conductive spider nest–shaped three-dimensional(3D)porous structure was prepared for the assembly of symmetric supercapacitors. The nickel foam was modified by multiwalled carbon nanotubes and β-cyclodextrin. The construction of spider nest was stabilized via the chemical bond inside carbon nanotubes, π-π stack effects among carbon nanotubes, and physical adsorption between nickel foam and carbon nanotubes substrate. The role of β-cyclodextrin is dispersant to prevent agglomeration of carbon nanotubes, thereby enhancing electroactive surface area of nickel foam, and improving the specific capacitance of the electrodes. Furthermore, the electrodes exhibited excellent rate capability. The obtained symmetrical supercapacitors exhibited excellent power density of 17561.3 W kg−1, good specific capacitance of 398.8 F g−1, and energy density of 154.8 Wh kg−1 for 4000 cycles with outstanding cycling stability. In addition, the specific capacitance, energy density, and power density of the supercapacitor operating in seawater were found to be 100.2 F g−1, 17.8 Wh kg−1, and 2568 Wh kg−1, respectively, for 3000 cycles. Overall, our findings indicate that the supercapacitor could stably operate in seawater and shows potential for use as an eco-friendly power supply to marine engineering equipment.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135696204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The porosity of the cathode in a lithium-oxygen battery is a crucial parameter that influences oxygen transport and active surface area availability. This study explores various cathode models with different initial porosity distributions and analyses the porosity evolution during discharge. The objective is to maximize the active surface area utilization of the cathode and increase the battery's discharge capacity. The simulations employ a recently developed Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) model proposed by Chen et al. (Chen, S., B. Yang, and C. Zheng, Simulation of double-diffusive convection in fluid-saturated porous media by lattice Boltzmann method. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017. 108: p. 1501-1510.), which is capable of handling spatial and temporal variations in diffusion coefficient values. The results demonstrate that a hierarchical porous cathode provides a better specific capacity than a uniform porous cathode with the same average initial porosity. The specific capacity increases as the magnitude of initial porosity variation in the domain increases. Furthermore, incorporating oxygen channels improves oxygen transport in the cathode and offers a better specific capacity than the hierarchical porous cathode. A combination of hierarchical porous media and oxygen channels delivers the best specific capacity among all the other cathode models, as it efficiently balances oxygen transport and active surface area.
锂氧电池正极孔隙率是影响氧传输和活性表面积利用率的重要参数。研究了不同初始孔隙率分布的阴极模型，分析了放电过程中孔隙率的演变规律。目标是最大限度地提高阴极的有效表面积利用率，增加电池的放电容量。本文采用Chen等人(Chen, S.， B. Yang, C. Zheng)提出的晶格玻尔兹曼方法(Lattice Boltzmann method, LBM)模型模拟饱和多孔介质中双扩散对流。国际传热与传质学报，2017。108: p. 1501-1510.)，它能够处理扩散系数值的空间和时间变化。结果表明，在平均初始孔隙率相同的情况下，分层多孔阴极比均匀多孔阴极具有更好的比容量。比容随孔隙度变化幅度的增大而增大。此外，结合氧通道改善了阴极中的氧运输，并提供了比分层多孔阴极更好的比容量。分层多孔介质和氧通道的组合在所有其他阴极模型中提供了最好的比容量，因为它有效地平衡了氧运输和活性表面积。
{"title":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of non-homogeneous Li-O2 Battery Cathode: the effect of spatial and temporal porosity variations","authors":"Ajeesh Mohan T, Jithin M, Malay Das","doi":"10.1115/1.4063489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063489","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The porosity of the cathode in a lithium-oxygen battery is a crucial parameter that influences oxygen transport and active surface area availability. This study explores various cathode models with different initial porosity distributions and analyses the porosity evolution during discharge. The objective is to maximize the active surface area utilization of the cathode and increase the battery's discharge capacity. The simulations employ a recently developed Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) model proposed by Chen et al. (Chen, S., B. Yang, and C. Zheng, Simulation of double-diffusive convection in fluid-saturated porous media by lattice Boltzmann method. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017. 108: p. 1501-1510.), which is capable of handling spatial and temporal variations in diffusion coefficient values. The results demonstrate that a hierarchical porous cathode provides a better specific capacity than a uniform porous cathode with the same average initial porosity. The specific capacity increases as the magnitude of initial porosity variation in the domain increases. Furthermore, incorporating oxygen channels improves oxygen transport in the cathode and offers a better specific capacity than the hierarchical porous cathode. A combination of hierarchical porous media and oxygen channels delivers the best specific capacity among all the other cathode models, as it efficiently balances oxygen transport and active surface area.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhigang He, Xianggan Ni, Chaofeng Pan, Weiquan Li, Shaohua Han
Abstract Under different usage scenarios of various electric vehicles (EVs), it becomes difficult to estimate the battery state of health (SOH) quickly and accurately. This paper proposes a SOH estimation method based on EVs' charging process history data. First, data processing processes for practical application scenarios are established. Then the health indicators (HIs) that directly or indirectly reflect the driver's charging behavior in the charging process are used as the model's input, and the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is introduced to remove the noise brought by capacity regeneration. Subsequently, the maximum information coefficient (MIC) - principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is employed to extract significant HIs. Eventually, the global optimal nonlinear degradation relationship between HIs and capacity is learned based on Bayesian optimization (BO)-Gaussian process regression (GPR). Approximate battery degradation models for practical application scenarios are obtained. This paper validates the proposed method from three perspectives: models, vehicles, and regions. The results show that the method has better prediction accuracy and generalization capability and lower computational cost, which provides a solution for future online health state prediction based on a large amount of real-time operational data.
{"title":"Power batteries state of health estimation of pure electric vehicles for charging process","authors":"Zhigang He, Xianggan Ni, Chaofeng Pan, Weiquan Li, Shaohua Han","doi":"10.1115/1.4063430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063430","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Under different usage scenarios of various electric vehicles (EVs), it becomes difficult to estimate the battery state of health (SOH) quickly and accurately. This paper proposes a SOH estimation method based on EVs' charging process history data. First, data processing processes for practical application scenarios are established. Then the health indicators (HIs) that directly or indirectly reflect the driver's charging behavior in the charging process are used as the model's input, and the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is introduced to remove the noise brought by capacity regeneration. Subsequently, the maximum information coefficient (MIC) - principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is employed to extract significant HIs. Eventually, the global optimal nonlinear degradation relationship between HIs and capacity is learned based on Bayesian optimization (BO)-Gaussian process regression (GPR). Approximate battery degradation models for practical application scenarios are obtained. This paper validates the proposed method from three perspectives: models, vehicles, and regions. The results show that the method has better prediction accuracy and generalization capability and lower computational cost, which provides a solution for future online health state prediction based on a large amount of real-time operational data.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":"128 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135742204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huanwei Xu, Shi-Shuang Xiong, Wei Li, Lingfeng Wu, Zhonglai Wang
Temperature is a critical factor affecting the performance and safety of battery packs of electric vehicles (EVs). The design of liquid cooling plates based on mini-channels has always been the research hotspots of battery thermal management systems (BTMS). This paper investigates the effect of adding vortex generators (VGs) to the liquid cooling channel on the heat dissipation capacity and temperature uniformity of the battery. The shape of the vortex generators (triangle, trapezoid, and semicircle), placement position (middle, inlet, and outlet of the channel), different flow rates, and different number of channels on the heat dissipation of the battery are systematically analysed. The research results indicate that: (1) The semi-circular vortex generator has better heat dissipation and a relatively lower impact on pressure drop than the triangular and trapezoidal vortex generators (2) The effect of adding vortex generators is more obvious when the flow rate is small in the cooling channels. When the flow velocity is 0.025 m/s, the heat dissipation performance can be increased by 7.4%. (3) When the cross-sectional area of the inlet is fixed, the heat dissipation effect of more channels is better. The average temperature of three and seven cooling channels decreases with a decrease of 8.87%. (4) The temperature difference can be effectively reduced when the vortex generators are concentrated near the outlet of the flow outlet. Its temperature difference is lower than that when the vortex generators are placed near the inlet, with a decrease of 10.5%.
{"title":"Heat transfer improvement of prismatic lithium-ion batteries via a mini-channel liquid-cooling plate with vortex generators","authors":"Huanwei Xu, Shi-Shuang Xiong, Wei Li, Lingfeng Wu, Zhonglai Wang","doi":"10.1115/1.4063324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063324","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Temperature is a critical factor affecting the performance and safety of battery packs of electric vehicles (EVs). The design of liquid cooling plates based on mini-channels has always been the research hotspots of battery thermal management systems (BTMS). This paper investigates the effect of adding vortex generators (VGs) to the liquid cooling channel on the heat dissipation capacity and temperature uniformity of the battery. The shape of the vortex generators (triangle, trapezoid, and semicircle), placement position (middle, inlet, and outlet of the channel), different flow rates, and different number of channels on the heat dissipation of the battery are systematically analysed. The research results indicate that: (1) The semi-circular vortex generator has better heat dissipation and a relatively lower impact on pressure drop than the triangular and trapezoidal vortex generators (2) The effect of adding vortex generators is more obvious when the flow rate is small in the cooling channels. When the flow velocity is 0.025 m/s, the heat dissipation performance can be increased by 7.4%. (3) When the cross-sectional area of the inlet is fixed, the heat dissipation effect of more channels is better. The average temperature of three and seven cooling channels decreases with a decrease of 8.87%. (4) The temperature difference can be effectively reduced when the vortex generators are concentrated near the outlet of the flow outlet. Its temperature difference is lower than that when the vortex generators are placed near the inlet, with a decrease of 10.5%.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47923316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current work is concerned with preparing cobalt manganese ferrite (Co1-xMnxFe2O4) with different concentrations of cobalt and manganese (x= 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) and decorating it with polyaniline (PAni) for use in supercapacitive applications. The results of the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) manifested a broad peak of PAni and a cubic structure of cobalt manganese ferrite having crystal size between 60 nm - 138 nm, which decreases with increasing concentration of Mn. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images evidenced that the PAni has nanofiber (NFs) structures, according to the method of preparation, where the hydrothermal method was used. The magnetic properties of the prepared ferrite, as well as the prepared PAni/Co1-xMnxFe2O4 composites, were studied through the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis, where the magnetic hysteresis loops of ferrite elucidated a significant influence on the manganese content and the decorated PAni, through the decrease of both saturation magnetism (Ms) and remnant magnetism (Mr) in addition to the corrosive field (Hc). Increasing the content of manganese in the composites led to an improvement in the energy storage performance of the capacitors, which were tested in 1 M of H2SO4 by using the CV cyclic voltammetry analysis, galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Increasing the manganese content caused an increase in the specific capacity and a significant increase in the charging and discharging time; the highest capacitance is 556 F/g.
{"title":"Electrochemical performance of Co1-xMnxFe2O4 decorated nanofiber Polyaniline (PAni) composites","authors":"Sura R. Mohammed, M. Ismail, I. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1115/1.4063303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063303","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The current work is concerned with preparing cobalt manganese ferrite (Co1-xMnxFe2O4) with different concentrations of cobalt and manganese (x= 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) and decorating it with polyaniline (PAni) for use in supercapacitive applications. The results of the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) manifested a broad peak of PAni and a cubic structure of cobalt manganese ferrite having crystal size between 60 nm - 138 nm, which decreases with increasing concentration of Mn. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images evidenced that the PAni has nanofiber (NFs) structures, according to the method of preparation, where the hydrothermal method was used. The magnetic properties of the prepared ferrite, as well as the prepared PAni/Co1-xMnxFe2O4 composites, were studied through the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis, where the magnetic hysteresis loops of ferrite elucidated a significant influence on the manganese content and the decorated PAni, through the decrease of both saturation magnetism (Ms) and remnant magnetism (Mr) in addition to the corrosive field (Hc). Increasing the content of manganese in the composites led to an improvement in the energy storage performance of the capacitors, which were tested in 1 M of H2SO4 by using the CV cyclic voltammetry analysis, galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Increasing the manganese content caused an increase in the specific capacity and a significant increase in the charging and discharging time; the highest capacitance is 556 F/g.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43712305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrochemical actuators can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy directly and have been applied widely. With a large volume expansion in the electrochemical reaction, silicon material demonstrates enormous potential in the manufacture of the electrochemical actuators. Here, we propose a new electrochemical actuator based on Si/CNTs composite electrode. A mathematical model is developed to analyze the relationship among material parameters, structural changes, and bending deformation. The curvature changes of the cantilever beam are captured by a CCD camera during electrochemical cycling. Combining the model and bending curvatures, the modulus and swell strain are extracted and detailed analyzed. Here, the elastic modulus of the composite electrode softens and decreases from 9.59 GPa to 4.78 GPa, while the swell strain increases from 0.12% to 2.97% when arriving 6% normalized concentration of lithium. These results show that the composite material possesses excellent bending resistance and deformation ability. Also, the curvature changes under different thickness ratios are predicted successfully, the evolution of stress in the working electrode is simulated, and the loading experiment of the actuator is carried out. This work provides a new way to realize the controllability of the electrochemical actuators.
{"title":"Experimental investigation and controllability study of electrochemical actuators based on Si/CNTs composite material","authors":"Zhilin Wu, Xiaobing Yang, Kai Sheng, Dawei Li","doi":"10.1115/1.4063057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Electrochemical actuators can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy directly and have been applied widely. With a large volume expansion in the electrochemical reaction, silicon material demonstrates enormous potential in the manufacture of the electrochemical actuators. Here, we propose a new electrochemical actuator based on Si/CNTs composite electrode. A mathematical model is developed to analyze the relationship among material parameters, structural changes, and bending deformation. The curvature changes of the cantilever beam are captured by a CCD camera during electrochemical cycling. Combining the model and bending curvatures, the modulus and swell strain are extracted and detailed analyzed. Here, the elastic modulus of the composite electrode softens and decreases from 9.59 GPa to 4.78 GPa, while the swell strain increases from 0.12% to 2.97% when arriving 6% normalized concentration of lithium. These results show that the composite material possesses excellent bending resistance and deformation ability. Also, the curvature changes under different thickness ratios are predicted successfully, the evolution of stress in the working electrode is simulated, and the loading experiment of the actuator is carried out. This work provides a new way to realize the controllability of the electrochemical actuators.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48745520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ram, Shanal Kumar, Vincent Léchappé, A. Mohammadi, Maurizio Cirrincione
The paper presents a simplified nonlinear model for an open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and its control by using three different strategies. The model presented uses four state variables. The mass flow of oxygen, hydrogen flow, water and temperature were taken to be the critical dynamics in the system. The unknown parameters were estimated using the experimental data of a 1.2 kW PEMFC. The simplified model showed good agreement with experimental results. Control schemes were implemented to control the stack temperature of the PEMFC. The proportional (P) and proportional-integral (PI) Control performed well but had a poorer response compared to the sliding mode control (SMC) scheme. The study of the different control schemes reveals the dangers of singularly controlling either the oxygen excess ratio or the temperature. Results show the best control is achieved when the excess ratio is control through the reference temperature. The study also compares the parasitic losses from the fans caused by the different controllers. Overall the results provide a good insight into designing a robust control system for an open cathode PEMFC for faster response and greater durability.
{"title":"Thermal and Air Management of an Open Cathode PEM Fuel Cell using Sliding Mode Control","authors":"K. Ram, Shanal Kumar, Vincent Léchappé, A. Mohammadi, Maurizio Cirrincione","doi":"10.1115/1.4063056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063056","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper presents a simplified nonlinear model for an open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and its control by using three different strategies. The model presented uses four state variables. The mass flow of oxygen, hydrogen flow, water and temperature were taken to be the critical dynamics in the system. The unknown parameters were estimated using the experimental data of a 1.2 kW PEMFC. The simplified model showed good agreement with experimental results. Control schemes were implemented to control the stack temperature of the PEMFC. The proportional (P) and proportional-integral (PI) Control performed well but had a poorer response compared to the sliding mode control (SMC) scheme. The study of the different control schemes reveals the dangers of singularly controlling either the oxygen excess ratio or the temperature. Results show the best control is achieved when the excess ratio is control through the reference temperature. The study also compares the parasitic losses from the fans caused by the different controllers. Overall the results provide a good insight into designing a robust control system for an open cathode PEMFC for faster response and greater durability.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44175269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huazhong Ma, Sheng-Rong He, Xingyu Ma, Yaoyue Yang
Metal-metal (hydr)oxide interfaces can promote the CO2 selectivity of ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) due to so-called metal-oxide-interaction (MOI). Here, we first show that the mixture of Ir and PbO species at the nanoscale can also form “bifunctional effect” sites, where C-C bond of ethanol can be effective cut at Ir sites to generate C1 intermediates, and nearby PbO species could provide oxygenated-species. Actually, the as-prepared Ir-PbO/C catalysts with a mean metallic nanoparticle size of 2.6±0.5 nm can greatly improve the activity, stability and C1 pathway selectivity of EOR. Specifically, it exhibits superior mass activity of 1150 mA mg−1Ir in 1 M NaOH solution containing 1 M C2H5OH. Chronoamperometry tests show that the stability of Ir-PbO/C is also significantly improved compared with Ir/C. In situ electrochemical infrared absorption spectral results confirm that the addition of oxophilic PbO species could accelerate the oxidative removal of COad intermediates, thereby greatly improving catalytic performance. This study may give new insights into designing efficient anode catalysts for the direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs).
由于所谓的金属-氧化物相互作用（MOI），金属-金属（hydr）-氧化物界面可以提高乙醇氧化反应（EOR）的CO2选择性。在这里，我们首先表明，在纳米尺度上，Ir和PbO物种的混合物也可以形成“双功能效应”位点，其中乙醇的C-C键可以在Ir位点被有效切割以产生C1中间体，而附近的PbO物种可以提供含氧物种。事实上，所制备的平均金属纳米颗粒尺寸为2.6±0.5nm的Ir-PbO/C催化剂可以大大提高EOR的活性、稳定性和C1途径选择性。具体而言，它在含有1M C2H5OH的1M NaOH溶液中表现出1150 mA mg−1Ir的优异质量活性。计时电流法测试表明，与Ir/C相比，Ir-PbO/C的稳定性也显著提高。原位电化学红外吸收光谱结果证实，亲氧PbO物种的加入可以加速COad中间体的氧化去除，从而大大提高催化性能。这项研究可能为设计高效的直接乙醇燃料电池阳极催化剂提供新的见解。
{"title":"Promoting Effect of PbO on Ir Nanosurface Towards Ethanol Electrocatalytic Oxidation in Alkaline Media","authors":"Huazhong Ma, Sheng-Rong He, Xingyu Ma, Yaoyue Yang","doi":"10.1115/1.4063017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Metal-metal (hydr)oxide interfaces can promote the CO2 selectivity of ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) due to so-called metal-oxide-interaction (MOI). Here, we first show that the mixture of Ir and PbO species at the nanoscale can also form “bifunctional effect” sites, where C-C bond of ethanol can be effective cut at Ir sites to generate C1 intermediates, and nearby PbO species could provide oxygenated-species. Actually, the as-prepared Ir-PbO/C catalysts with a mean metallic nanoparticle size of 2.6±0.5 nm can greatly improve the activity, stability and C1 pathway selectivity of EOR. Specifically, it exhibits superior mass activity of 1150 mA mg−1Ir in 1 M NaOH solution containing 1 M C2H5OH. Chronoamperometry tests show that the stability of Ir-PbO/C is also significantly improved compared with Ir/C. In situ electrochemical infrared absorption spectral results confirm that the addition of oxophilic PbO species could accelerate the oxidative removal of COad intermediates, thereby greatly improving catalytic performance. This study may give new insights into designing efficient anode catalysts for the direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs).","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47320759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We developed a three-dimensional multiphysics numerical model of a Proton Exchange Mem-brane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) with a cathode mesh structure to investigate how coolant flow rate and temperature impact its performance. After experimentally validating the model, we compared the performance of the cathode mesh structure PEMFC with that of the traditional straight flow PEMFC. The results indicate that the cathode mesh structure PEMFC has a lower pressure drop and a more index of uniform distribution (IUD), leading to enhanced performance, better temperature distribution, and improved water management of the PEMFC. The investigation of the cooling system's operating parameters revealed that the temperature of the cathode catalyst layer in the PEMFC is the highest, while the temperature of the bipolar plate is the lowest. Of the nine cases that we evaluated, Case 7, with a coolant inlet temperature and flow rate of 303.15 K and 0.07 m s−1, respectively, yielded the highest power density and the lowest average temperature. The IUD of the PEM in Case 5 was 0.608, suggesting that the temperature distribution of the PEM is more uniform when the coolant inlet temperature and flow rate are 323.15 K and 0.05 m s−1, respectively. We have demonstrated through calculations that there is a strong correlation between temperature difference and IUDs. These findings have significant implications for the optimization and application of PEMFCs.
我们开发了一个具有阴极网格结构的质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的三维多物理数值模型，以研究冷却剂流速和温度如何影响其性能。在对模型进行实验验证后，我们将阴极网状结构的PEMFC与传统的直流PEMFC的性能进行了比较。结果表明，阴极网状结构的PEMFC具有更低的压降和更多的均匀分布指数（IUD），从而提高了PEMFC的性能、更好的温度分布和改进的水管理。对冷却系统运行参数的研究表明，PEMFC中阴极催化剂层的温度最高，而双极板的温度最低。在我们评估的九种情况中，冷却液入口温度和流速分别为303.15 K和0.07 m s−1的情况7产生了最高的功率密度和最低的平均温度。案例5中PEM的IUD为0.608，表明当冷却剂入口温度和流速分别为323.15 K和0.05 m s−1时，PEM的温度分布更加均匀。我们已经通过计算证明，温差和宫内节育器之间有很强的相关性。这些发现对PEMFC的优化和应用具有重要意义。
{"title":"Effects of Cooling System Boundary Conditions on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A Comprehensive Analysis","authors":"Yaochen Wang, H. Ren, Cong Li","doi":"10.1115/1.4063016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We developed a three-dimensional multiphysics numerical model of a Proton Exchange Mem-brane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) with a cathode mesh structure to investigate how coolant flow rate and temperature impact its performance. After experimentally validating the model, we compared the performance of the cathode mesh structure PEMFC with that of the traditional straight flow PEMFC. The results indicate that the cathode mesh structure PEMFC has a lower pressure drop and a more index of uniform distribution (IUD), leading to enhanced performance, better temperature distribution, and improved water management of the PEMFC. The investigation of the cooling system's operating parameters revealed that the temperature of the cathode catalyst layer in the PEMFC is the highest, while the temperature of the bipolar plate is the lowest. Of the nine cases that we evaluated, Case 7, with a coolant inlet temperature and flow rate of 303.15 K and 0.07 m s−1, respectively, yielded the highest power density and the lowest average temperature. The IUD of the PEM in Case 5 was 0.608, suggesting that the temperature distribution of the PEM is more uniform when the coolant inlet temperature and flow rate are 323.15 K and 0.05 m s−1, respectively. We have demonstrated through calculations that there is a strong correlation between temperature difference and IUDs. These findings have significant implications for the optimization and application of PEMFCs.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47602791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fast charging has become the norm for various electronic products. The research on the state of health (SOH) prediction of fast-charging lithium-ion battery deserves more attention. In this paper, a model-data fusion SOH prediction method which can reflect the degradation mechanism of fast-charging battery is proposed. Firstly, based on the Arrhenius model, the logarithmic-power function (LP) model and logarithmic-linear (LL) model related to the fast-charging rate are established. Secondly, combined with Gaussian process regression (GPR) prediction, particle filter is used to update the parameters of models in real time. Compared with the single GPR, the average root mean square error of LP and LL are reduced by 71.56% and 69.11%, respectively. Finally, the sensitivity and superiority of the two models are analyzed by using Sobol method, Akaike and Bayesian Information Criterion. The results show that the two models are more suitable for fast-charging lithium batteries than the traditional Arrhenius model, and LP model is better than LL model.
{"title":"A approach for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries state of health prediction based on model-data fusion","authors":"Hailin Feng, Yatian Liu","doi":"10.1115/1.4062990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062990","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fast charging has become the norm for various electronic products. The research on the state of health (SOH) prediction of fast-charging lithium-ion battery deserves more attention. In this paper, a model-data fusion SOH prediction method which can reflect the degradation mechanism of fast-charging battery is proposed. Firstly, based on the Arrhenius model, the logarithmic-power function (LP) model and logarithmic-linear (LL) model related to the fast-charging rate are established. Secondly, combined with Gaussian process regression (GPR) prediction, particle filter is used to update the parameters of models in real time. Compared with the single GPR, the average root mean square error of LP and LL are reduced by 71.56% and 69.11%, respectively. Finally, the sensitivity and superiority of the two models are analyzed by using Sobol method, Akaike and Bayesian Information Criterion. The results show that the two models are more suitable for fast-charging lithium batteries than the traditional Arrhenius model, and LP model is better than LL model.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45947563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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