Journal of Education and Health Promotion最新文献

Background: Depression during pregnancy directly affects both mother and baby, causing premature birth and low birth weight. Antenatal depression is an important issue, but in Vietnam, most studies focus on postpartum depression and other pregnancy-related disorders. The study determines the rate of antenatal depression and analyzes some factors related to antenatal depression.

Methods and material: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 388 pregnant women attending regular antenatal check-ups at Hanoi Obstetrics Hospital, Vietnam. The study used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (cut-off ≥10), which is considered to be antenatal depression. Data was entered using Epidata 3.1 and processed using SPSS 20. The multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze several related factors. Statistical significance: p < 0.05.

Results: The rate of depressive disorders in pregnant women was 116/388, accounting for 29.9%, of which the rate of depression according to trimesters of pregnancy: first trimester: 8.3%; second trimester: 33.3% and third trimester: 29.6%. The average EPDS score was 7.81 ± 3.82, the lowest score collected was 2, and the highest score collected was 20. Factors related to antenatal depression in pregnant women included age group, occupation, husband's occupation, and strained relationship with husband (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The rate of antenatal depression among pregnant women in Vietnam is 29.9%. Measures to support women during pregnancy are needed to reduce depression rates to a lower level.

Background: The competitive nature of admissions to physical therapy programs necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the factors that predict student success. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pre- and post-admission variables and key indicators of success to improve the admission process and support student development.

Materials and methods: This observational study reviewed pre- and post-admissions data from 319 students enrolled in the Bachelor of Science (BS)/Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program at SUNY Downstate between 2006 and 2019. Pre-admission metrics included cumulative grade point average (GPA), science GPA, prerequisite GPA, and graduate record examination (GRE) scores, while post-admission factors included final BS GPA, final DPT GPA, time to graduation, academic probation, and program dismissal. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to examine relationships between these variables. T-tests and Chi-square tests were used to assess differences between successful and unsuccessful students, and a logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictive power of pre-admission metrics on student outcomes.

Results: The final BS GPA showed the strongest correlation with the final DPT GPA, indicating that academic performance in the first year of the BS/DPT program is a key predictor of success in the DPT portion of the curriculum. Quantitative GRE scores were higher among successful students, while the difference in pre-admission cumulative GPA (3.45 vs. 3.38, P = 0.05) approached significance.

Conclusion: Pre-admission metrics such as cumulative GPA and quantitative GRE scores showed some predictive value, but student success was largely correlated with performance in the program's first year.

Background: Post-craniotomy care presents unique challenges, often requiring careful monitoring and extensive support to facilitate a smooth transition from surgery to discharge. While same-day discharge following routine surgeries has become common, cranial surgeries typically require longer inpatient stays due to concerns about postoperative complications. This study evaluates post-craniotomy discharge readiness and its predictors, focusing on physical ability, emotional well-being, and support systems.

Material and methods: A single-center study at a tertiary care hospital recruited 160 post-craniotomy patients from January 2022 to December 2023. The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS) was utilized to assess discharge readiness under various domains, including personal status, knowledge, coping ability, and expected support. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis.

Results: Regression analysis indicated a positive correlation between higher education levels and discharge readiness (B = 6.232, P = 0.002), while lower satisfaction (B = -39.921, P = 0.001), caregiver presence (B = -42.24, P = 0.019), and comorbidities (B = -16.81, P = 0.029) reduced readiness. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between education and discharge readiness (Rho = 0.253, P = 0.001) and negative relationship with caregiver presence (Rho = -0.177, P = 0.025), specific admissions (Rho = -0.204, P = 0.010), and longer stays (Rho = -0.197, P = 0.013).

Conclusion: Higher education levels positively impact readiness, potentially indicating a greater understanding of postoperative care requirements. Conversely, lower satisfaction levels, caregiver presence, and comorbidities are associated with decreased readiness. Overall, understanding these predictors can aid healthcare professionals in optimizing discharge planning and support systems for promoting smoother transitions and improved outcomes following surgery.

Background: After the decrease in the birth rate and the increase in life expectancy, the world's elderly population has increased. This problem has become one of the most essential health-treatment challenges of today's societies and has brought a lot of treatment costs. Iran is not an exception to this rule, and activities related to older people are provided by many institutions through support and treatment services. One of these government institutions is the "Imam Relief Committee Institution (IFC)," which is gradually increasing its population of elderly people. Since the IFC, such as all institutions, is affected by environmental changes. Therefore, it should follow dynamic planning to achieve all its goals. Thus, this study aims to investigate the future of financing health services for older people covered by IFC.

Materials and methods: This qualitative study will be conducted in three phases. The initial stage includes conducting comparative research to identify countries whose elderly health financing systems are similar to Iran's. In the second stage of the situational analysis of IFC, expert interviews will be conducted, and influential factors will be extracted using content analysis. Finally, in the third step, possible scenarios for financing health services for older people will be identified using Scenario Wizard software.

Discussion: The results of this research are expected to provide appropriate evidence for policy-making and decision-making to review the system of financing services for elderly health in support organizations and necessary reforms in this case, according to the possible scenario.

Background: Research evidence indicates an average quality of clinical assessment of operating room technology students, and so far, no specific assessment model has been offered to measure the clinical skills of these students. Therefore, the aim of this research was to explain the live experiences of operating room technology students with regard to clinical assessment challenges.

Materials and methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis approach, and ten eligible students selected by purposeful sampling were included in the study. The data were collected using semistructured interviews with questions such as "What is your opinion on a good assessment?" The collected data were analyzed according to the steps proposed by Graneheim and Lundman.

Results: Based on the deep and rich descriptions vocalized by the participants, three themes and eight subthemes were obtained. The subthemes related to the issues pertaining to the executive agents of clinical assessments included "instructor's inappropriate attitudes and qualifications" and "self-assessment". The subthemes related to the necessities and methods of the assessment included "inappropriate assessment of practical skills and activities", "unavailability of the necessary equipment", "non-transparent assessment methods", and "inadequate assessment time". The subthemes related to the mental and behavioral status of the executive agents of assessments included "inappropriate interpersonal relationships" and "insufficient self-confidence".

Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, instructors should improve their necessary practical skills and knowledge about clinical assessments and apply new methods and tools for executing these types of assessments.

Background: Haemorrhoids are one of the most common anorectal diseases reported by clinical studies, and they can be prevented by kindly understanding their clinical profile and risk factors. However, the different factors affecting haemorrhoids, some that are modifiable. The actual need is to focus on unmodifiable factors that are associated with haemorrhoid disease. Also, the literatures that determine the aetiology of haemorrhoid and their risk factors is very less in number for Maharashtra state. To study the clinical profile for determining the association of risk factors with haemorrhoid disease in Satara district is the main aim of this study and also establish a regression model on risk factors of haemorrhoidal disease for clinical purpose.

Materials and methods: The study was based on a case-control design. A total of 80 cases and 80 age-sex matched controls were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. The questionnaire method was used to collect the data on risk factors of haemorrhoids with different characteristics, such as sociodemographic, Habitat and behavioural, personal, and obstetric. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to develop a regression model on risk factors associated with haemorrhoid disease.

Results: Three binary logistic regression models were generated, model-1 is the combined model for both males and females, model-2 for males and model-3 for females. The results on binary logistic regression of all these three models showed that the variables, prolonged sitting type of work, taking only veg diet, positive family history, less intake of water, consumption of more tea or coffee, fasting or control diet, frequent consumption of fast food, number of previous pregnancies in female were associated with haemorrhoid. The model-1 revealed that they had 69.4% accuracy for prediction, for model-2 and model-3 the accuracy was 74.0% and 83.9% respectively. There was no multicollinearity problem found in all three models.

Conclusion: Male predominance in haemorrhoid disease was high in the age group 21-40 years. The variables: prolonged sitting type of work, taking only veg diet, less intake of water, taking more tea or coffee, fasting or control diet, frequent consumption of fast food, number of previous pregnancies in female found to increase the odds of having haemorrhoid. All these are modifiable but, it is necessary for comprehensive public health campaigns to educate individuals about symptoms, risk factors and access of reliable and accurate information about this disease from various sources. Significant or minor changes in lifestyle and dietary habit play a crucial role in the prevention of haemorrhoid disease. Only the factor family history is unmodifiable, and it is one of the strongest risk factors for haemorrhoids. Hence, it is necessary to be aware that those individuals have a positive family history o

Background: To investigate the application and effectiveness of simulation-based learning (SBL) in the training of postdoctoral fellows in endocrinology.

Materials and methods: This study involved postdoctoral fellows recruited into the Department of Endocrinology between 2019 and 2023. The research group (n = 20) underwent SBL-based training, while the control group (n = 21) received standardized training. The SBL training included preparation, case presentation, multi-role simulation, group discussion, reporting, and feedback, conducted every 2-3 weeks. The effectiveness of the SBL training was evaluated through post-class questionnaires and theoretical assessment scores.

Results: The SBL activities covered seven major themes and 27 topics within endocrinology and interdisciplinary areas. Over half (57%) of the fellows aimed to improve their diagnostic and treatment skills, 28% valued enhancing their interdisciplinary consultation abilities, and 15% emphasized strengthening team communication. Fellows found that the most beneficial themes were adverse drug reactions (57%), implementation of new clinical technologies (15%), emerging endocrine disorders (14%), major complications in common endocrine diseases (7%), and case studies of medical malpractice (7%). The main driving forces for fellows to participate were to enhance their diagnostic and treatment skills in endocrinology and on-call consultation abilities. In the annual theoretical examinations, the mean score of the research group was higher when compared to the control group (73.9 ± 13.4 points vs. 62.9 ± 13.3 points, P = 0.0265).

Conclusion: The frequent engagement in SBL sessions allowed fellows to consistently apply and refine their skills in a controlled environment, leading to significant improvements in their theoretical examination scores when compared to the control group. Furthermore, the interactive nature of these simulations fostered greater enthusiasm and motivation for learning among the fellows. Feedback from post-class questionnaires highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary learning and the value of diverse case sources, particularly those involving adverse drug reactions and the implementation of new clinical technologies. These findings underscore the potential of SBL methodologies to cultivate advanced medical proficiency and interdisciplinary collaboration, essential for addressing the complexities of modern endocrine disorders.

Background: With the global prevalence of chronic diseases increasing, healthcare systems designed primarily for acute conditions face challenges. It is indicated that patient-centered care can effectively manage chronic diseases, potentially improving health outcomes. The authors aimed to develop, assess, and validate a scale to measure patient-centered care in chronic disease services within hospitals.

Methods and material: This study was cross-sectional in nature, carried out in 2023 within a sample of hospitals in Shiraz, a city in the southwestern region of Iran. To ensure the questionnaire's validity and reliability, the authors utilized a variety of methods, including face, content, and construct validity, as well as a reliability assessment. The construct validity and questionnaire reliability were confirmed using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. An exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha were utilized to conduct the psychometrics.

Results: The item construction stage resulted in an initial questionnaire comprising a total of 70 individual items. Following the completion of the face and content validity assessment, seven items were removed due to not meeting the required validity criteria. The remaining questionnaire items had an average impact score of 3.25. Additionally, the content validity ratio (CVR) was 0.51, and the content validity index (CVI) was 0.96. The exploratory factor analysis yielded 12 constructs, which accounted for 63.873% of the variance, with an average factor loading value of 0.646. The final questionnaire comprised 57 items with a 6-point Likert scale. The reliability assessment revealed that the questionnaire had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.938 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.936 in total.

Conclusions: This study developed a robust measure for evaluating patient-centered care in inpatient services for chronic diseases. The findings can inform future research and policy development. Future researchers conducting analogous studies utilizing comparable methodologies in various regions of Iran have the potential to elevate the precision and comprehensiveness of the implications derived for the beneficiaries.

Background: In India, the prevalence of menstrual abnormalities is alarmingly high, ranging from 85% to 93.4%, according to documented studies. A significant proportion, of these women fall within the age group of 20-29 years, which includes postgraduate students. This underscores the critical importance of identifying and effectively managing the underlying causes of menstrual abnormalities.

Materials and methods: The study involved 272 postgraduate female students from Mangalore University, Karnataka state, India selected through stratified sampling. A questionnaire collected data on the age of menarche, menstrual abnormalities, BMI, hormonal imbalances or thyroid conditions, menstrual cycle characteristics and symptoms, lifestyle and dietary habits, physical health, perceived stress levels, economic factors, attitudes towards menstrual health, and knowledge and behaviors related to menstrual health. The study used a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to evaluate the effects of risk factors on menstrual disorders and developed machine learning models to accurately predict different types of these disorders.

Results: The study found that 78% of PG students experienced menstrual abnormalities, with dysmenorrhea being the most common at 24.26%. The SEM model identifies lifestyle, perceived stress, physical health, and practice as significant risk factors for menstrual abnormalities. Mediation analysis reveals that attitude, economic factors, and practice play crucial roles in influencing menstrual abnormalities. The SEM-based classification model outperforms popular machine learning models, achieving an accuracy of 84.56%.

Conclusion: Reducing stress and promoting healthy habits are key to managing menstrual abnormalities. Targeted interventions can improve menstrual health, benefiting students' academic performance, self-esteem, and long-term health.

Empathy is vital in healthcare, influencing patient care quality and outcomes. Understanding the factors that affect empathy levels among healthcare professionals is essential for improving healthcare delivery. This systematic review aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing empathy levels among healthcare professionals, including demographic and professional characteristics. We conducted a systematic search across multiple databases, yielding 979 studies. After removing 116 duplicates, 863 records were screened based on titles and abstracts. Following eligibility criteria, 140 articles were retrieved for full-text assessment, of which 129 were excluded. Ultimately, nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Data were synthesized to evaluate associations between empathy levels and factors such as gender, marital status, age, educational level, and job characteristics. The meta-analysis revealed significant associations: females exhibited higher empathy levels compared to males [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.18; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.32 to -0.04], and married individuals showed greater empathy than unmarried individuals (SMD: -0.30; 95% CI: -0.43 to -0.16). Age did not significantly influence empathy levels (SMD: 0.13; 95% CI: -0.16 to 0.41). No significant differences were found in empathy scores between nurses and other healthcare professionals or between doctors and nurses. Gender and marital status are significant predictors of empathy levels among healthcare professionals, while age and specialty do not appear to significantly impact empathy. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to enhance empathetic practices in healthcare settings.