Journal of Education and Health Promotion最新文献

Background: The use of digital technology in healthcare education has become increasingly essential, offering various tools and methods for both classroom and clinical settings. One significant area of interest is the impact of technology on student motivation, which is crucial for academic success across all age groups. This study aims to assess the effect of technology use on nursing students' motivation, focusing on how educators integrate technology.

Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at a single nursing education institution and involved 61 sec-semester nursing students. The study utilized a questionnaire comprising socio-demographic data and the Situational Motivation Scale (SMS). The students were divided into two groups: one group experienced passive use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), while the other group experienced active use of ICT. Data was collected before the intervention and after the intervention.

Results: Analyzing the pre- and post-test results for both groups, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher scores in intrinsic motivation (P = 0.04) and external regulation (P = 0.02). Conversely, the control group experienced a decrease in the motivational scores. Moreover, the experimental group's Self-Determination index average was higher.

Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of integrating technology in a student-centered approach to enhance nursing students' motivation. Policymakers and nursing managers should consider these findings when designing educational strategies, emphasizing student-centered approaches and active technology use to enhance motivation and improve learning outcomes in nursing education. Future research could explore longer interventions and additional motivational measures to further understand the impact of technology on student motivation.

Background: Dental patient feedback can elicit concerns about practitioners' interpersonal skills, such as putting the patient at ease and communicating in a way that the patient understands the nature of the treatment plan offered. Several scales exist to determine the dental practice quality, such as the dental patient questionnaire (DPQ). This scale can detect the specialized relationship between patient and dentist, such as trust, satisfaction, and patient services. The current study was conducted to translate and psychometrically assess DPQ to be employed for the Iranian patients referring to dental clinics.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients referring to the dentistry offices in Tehran in 2022. After translation and back translation of the original version of the patient-centered care questionnaire, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to measure the validity and reliability of the instrument. Validity consisted of face, content, and construct validity, and reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient. Data analysis was performed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and EQS (version 6.1).

Results: In this study, 228 respondents were recruited. The content validity results revealed that all items obtained the acceptable required content validity index and content validity ratio scores, and all 23 items were retained and used for later analysis. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index was calculated as 0.913. Measurement of the questionnaire validity by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed three factors (trust, satisfaction, and service) with eigenvalues of >1. The confirmatory factor analysis model were confirmed. The model fit indices were in a good or at least an acceptable level in terms of all goodness of fit indexes. The reliability of the scale was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient >0.6 for all factors and an intra-cluster correlation of 0.7.

Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the Persian version of DPQ had appropriate validity, reliability, and psychometric properties. This tool can be used to measure trust, satisfaction, and quality of service of the patients referring to the dental offices in Iran.

Background: Infertility affects different aspects of a person's life. It can be said that infertility is one of the most stressful events in people's lives and this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of treatment based on commitment and acceptance on quality-of-life dimensions during menopause.

Materials and methods: This study was randomized clinical trial before and after the intervention and one-month follow-up with the intervention and control groups. The sample consisted of 100 eligible postmenopausal women. The intervention group (IG, n = 46) received 6 sessions weekly 90-minute counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and the control group (CG, n = 45) received routine middle-aged and menopausal care. The intervention group completed the menopause quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL) before, after and one month after the intervention, and the control group also completed the questionnaire with the same time interval. After collecting the data, it was entered into the SPSS 18 software and analyzed with the help of descriptive and analytical statistics.

Results: The quality of life before the intervention was not significantly different in both groups, but it improved immediately and one month after the intervention in IG (group by time P < 0.001). Vasomotor (P < 0.001), psychosocial (P < 0.001), sexual (P < 0.001) and physical (P = 0.001) domains improved immediately after the intervention and one-month follow-up in IG. The time effect, time group interaction and group effect were significant in all areas.

Conclusions: Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that commitment and acceptance therapy improve the quality of life of infertile couples. And considering the high rate of infertility, this treatment can be used to increase the quality of life of this group.

Background: Mental health challenges, such as depression, are prevalent among higher education due to unique pressures, including academic pressures, financial constraints, familial expectations, and the pervasive influence of social media. In Tamil Nadu, India, these issues are compounded by cultural and socioeconomic barriers, further complicating the management of an already critical problem. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of students' experiences with mental health issues, particularly those that remain asymptomatic, is essential. This study aims to investigate the various factors influencing depression among students in Tamil Nadu and analyze potential behavioral adaptations to improve coping mechanisms.

Materials and methods: A qualitative research design was employed for higher education institutions across Tamil Nadu, where 15 students participated in in-depth interviews. Purposive sampling was used to capture a diverse range of factors contributing to mental health challenges. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically, producing a narrative that identified key themes and subthemes related to family dynamics, academic stressors, financial pressures, social influences, and personal coping mechanisms.

Results: The thematic analysis revealed that family expectations, financial burdens, academic workload, and the pervasive influence of social media significantly impacted students' mental health. Economic hardship and family responsibilities, especially for students from low socioeconomic backgrounds, emerged as dominant stressors. These factors compounded academic stress and heightened feelings of anxiety and self-doubt, particularly when students perceived their teachers as being biased or unfair. Social media further intensified feelings of inadequacy and loneliness, exacerbated during the isolation and uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic. Coping mechanisms varied widely - while some students engaged in healthy practices such as exercise, others resorted to substance abuse, highlighting contrasting behavioral responses to stress.

Conclusion: These findings underscore the urgent need for mental health interventions tailored to the specific needs of higher education students in Tamil Nadu. Implementing supportive policies, accessible counseling services, and targeted awareness programs within educational institutions could significantly alleviate the mental health burden. The context-specific challenges identified in this study provide valuable insights for designing effective mental health interventions across diverse institutional settings.

Background: Dialysis is a stressful process and follows various psychological and social problems, which can lead to psychological disturbances. Patients on dialysis experience psychological distress, and the reduction of stress in patients provides psychological resources to cope with their physical condition. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of deep-breathing exercise training on the level of stress among maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Materials and methods: This study is a randomized quasi-experimental design with parallel groups. A hundred eight hemodialysis patients participated in the study. They were admitted to the Hemodialysis Department of Fatima Al Zahra and Al Hayat centers in Al Diwaniya Teaching Hospital in Al Diwaniya City. The patients were randomly and equally assigned to either the control group or the intervention group (n = 54 each). Stress was measured in both groups; before and four weeks after nursing intervention using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Results: Before deep-breathing exercises, the total mean percent score of stress in the intervention group was 24.26 ± 4.877 compared to 23.35 ± 3.360 in the controls. After four weeks of performing the exercise, the mean score dramatically decreased to 19.59 ± 3.814 in the intervention group compared to 23.07 ± 3.419 in the control. Additionally, a statistically significant difference within the intervention group was declared before and after the intervention (P < 0.000).

Conclusion: Performing deep-breathing exercises for 15 min twice daily during 4 weeks can reduce maintenance hemodialysis patients' stress levels.

Background: The chronic care model is a well-known framework aimed at improving the care of chronic diseases including ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aims to investigate the impact of the chronic care model on the self-efficacy and health-related quality of life in individuals with UC.

Materials and methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2022. Participants were 60 patients with UC who were referred to Poursina Hakim clinic, Isfahan, Iran. They were selected through convenient sampling and assigned to control and intervention groups by randomized block design. In the intervention group, the chronic care model was implemented. The control group had only routine visits with a physician to receive a prescription. The self-efficacy score and the health-related quality of life were assessed in both groups before, immediately and 3 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency distribution, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (Independent sample t-test, Multivariate Analysis of Covariance, analysis of variance using repeated measurements, and Chi square) statistics. A significance level was considered at 0.05.

Results: The average age of the participants was 44.98. Intergroup analysis shows that the difference in self-efficacy scores (95.1 ± 15.40, 93.7 ± 15.78) and health-related quality of life (48.7 ± 5.23, 47.7 ± 6.45) between the control and intervention groups was not significant, respectively (P > 0.05). According to intragroup analysis, self-efficacy (114.96 ± 13.04, 116.53 ± 12.92) and quality of life (56.1 ± 3.66, 57.23 ± 3.53) scores in the intervention group increased significantly both immediately and 3 months after the intervention, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: The findings showed that the use of the chronic care model has a positive effect on the self-efficacy of UC patients and also improves their health-related quality of life. Therefore, it is recommended that health policymakers and managers of healthcare centers provide the basis for applying this model with an interprofessional team in health centers to provide more effective and quality care to individuals with UC.

Background: The electronic cigarette, or e-cigarette, has transformed the tobacco industry in recent decades and is widely seen as a safe substitute for traditional cigarettes. Globally, young people's use of electronic cigarettes that provide nicotine has increased significantly. Adolescents who use electronic cigarettes are vulnerable to social and environmental factors in addition to physical dependence. The study aims to investigate young adults' awareness, perceptions, and use of e-cigarettes to inform the development of interventions and educational campaigns targeting potential health risks associated with these devices.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals aged 18 to 24 in Chennai. An e-invitation to participate in the study was distributed via social media (Facebook, WhatsApp). The study included those in Chennai between the ages of 18 and 24, as well as volunteers to complete the questionnaire. The simple random sampling method was used. A web-based questionnaire study was conducted in online; 333 respondents were included. The questionnaire comprised three sections, the first of which contains sociodemographic information, the second section on awareness of e-cigarettes, and the third section on knowledge of e-cigarettes. The questionnaire was pilot-tested on five subjects, and suggestions from study experts were incorporated. Data were analysed using Minitab Version 21 (Minitab, LLC, State college, PA) statistical software. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Since the data were categorical, Chi-square test was used to find the association between variables in the study.

Results: About 63.3% of respondents had tobacco prevention programs conducted at their colleges, 90.1% of respondents had not used e-cigarettes, 20.5% were aware of the programs and resources available to quit smoking and vaping, and 45.8% of respondents had knowledge of cancer associated with the use of an e-cigarette.

Conclusions: The findings reveal a significant disparity in awareness between the two regions, with Chennai demonstrating higher levels of understanding than Chengalpattu where the majority of respondents in both areas were not users of e-cigarettes.

Background: Fatigue and tiredness significantly affect sleep duration and timing, especially in critical care nurses working consecutive shifts without adequate rest. Symptoms such as lethargy, tiredness, and a constant need for sleep are commonly linked to fatigue and insufficient sleep, which can compromise nurse performance and patient care. This study aimed to evaluate fatigue and sleep quality among critical care nurses, explore their correlation, and examine associations with demographic factors.

Materials and methods: A quantitative, nonexperimental descriptive correlational study was conducted among 100 critical care nurses at SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre from January to March 2023. Data were collected using the Fatigue Assessment Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Statistical analysis, including Chi-square tests, was performed using SPSS version 16, with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results: The analysis revealed no significant associations between most demographic factors and fatigue or sleep quality. However, age showed a statistically significant correlation with both fatigue and sleep quality (χ² = 16.298, P = 0.038).

Conclusion: This study highlights the link between increased perceived fatigue and sleep disturbances among critical care nurses. Targeted interventions to address fatigue and enhance sleep quality are crucial to improve nurse well-being and patient care outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of addressing occupational fatigue in critical care settings.

Background: Dentistry, as a profession with the high stress and high precision in execution, is crucial in establishing optimal working conditions. Given the limited studies on ergonomics and physical risk factors in the dental work environment, this research aims to quantitatively assess clinical dentistry's physical, environmental, cognitive, and macro-ergonomic aspects, focusing on improving physical interactions with the environment.

Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted from March to December 2024 in Ardabil Dental Clinics, Iran. A total of 196 dentists were randomly selected through simple random sampling. Data collection involved direct observation using the standard ergonomic quantification checklist based on the Finnish method and environmental measurements. The dentist's adaptation and acceptance of existing working conditions were also examined. Instruments used included a photometer to assess illumination (lux), a sound level meter to evaluate noise (decibels), and a WBGT thermometer to measure workplace temperature (Celsius). Data were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and one-sample t-tests.

Results: Among the evaluated dental offices, 81.1% were general dentists, and 18.9% were specialists, with 89.3% working in private and 10.7% in public clinics. Analysts' evaluations showed significant differences compared to the dentists' self-assessments in indicators such as physical activity, lifting loads, and satisfaction with work components. Analysts assessed these aspects as being in poorer conditions than the dentists themselves reported. Additionally, a comparison of environmental indicators with optimal standards revealed that the average illumination (1547.59 lux) was higher, while temperature (20.61°C) and noise levels72.61 dB) were lower than the standard values (1500 lux, 24.5°C, and85dB) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Although some environmental factors in dental offices deviate from optimal standards-such as increased illumination and reduced temperature and noise levels-overall dentist evaluations indicate relative satisfaction with ergonomic conditions. Therefore, improving and optimizing these factors is recommended to enhance dentists' comfort and efficiency.

Background: Hospitalization in the ICU is closely related to unwanted complications, including delirium. This condition generally occurs in the form of acute changes in mental status, and frequent fluctuation courses. As delirium can be potentially prevented, providing appropriate education to nurses to deal with its associated risk factors and properly managing it seems to be imperative.

Materials and methods: A randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups was done in two referral educational hospitals. In total, 75 ICU nurses were included. The nurses were randomly divided into, the jigsaw (Group A; n = 37) and lecture (Group B; n = 38). Group A was then taught based on the jigsaw approach during four sessions of 30-40 minutes, and Group B received lecture-based education for two sessions of 45-60 minutes. To collect the data, a demographic information form, the Nurse Attitude Survey, and the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale were completed at the pre-test stage and four weeks later as post-tests.

Results: There was a significant difference in the mean scores of nurses' attitudes and delirium diagnosis before and after the intervention in the study groups (P < 0.001). Both approaches were accordingly effective in two variables attitudes and diagnosis but the trend of changes in the mean scores of such attitudes in Group A was higher than that in Group B (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Compared to the common methods of education, the cooperative ones, such as the jigsaw approach, were found to be more effective in enhancing nurses' attitudes to delirium and increasing their competency to screen it.