Journal of dentistry最新文献_第4页

Effects of cannabidiol on biomineralization and inflammatory mediators expression in immortalized murine dental pulp cells and macrophages under pro-inflammatory conditions 大麻二酚对促炎条件下永生化小鼠牙髓细胞和巨噬细胞生物矿化和炎症介质表达的影响

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105535

Larissa Sthefani Sales , Alice Correa Silva-Sousa , Glauce Crivelaro Nascimento , Elaine Del Bel , Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva

Objectives

This study investigated the in vitro effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on dental pulp cells and macrophages under pro-inflammatory conditions.

Materials and Methods

Mouse dental pulp cells (OD-21) were pre-stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (10 ng/mL) or left untreated, then exposed to CBD at concentrations of 0.01 µM, 0.1 µM, 1 µM, and 10 µM for 24 h and 7 days. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, while gene expression related to mineralization—Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (Dmp1), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), TNF-α (Tnf), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) were analyzed via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mineralization nodule formation was evaluated using alizarin red staining. Macrophages (RAW 264.7) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 2 h before exposure to the same CBD concentrations. Data analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and comparisons using ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05).

Results

The findings indicated that CBD did not significantly affect OD-21 cell viability, except for the 10 µM concentration after 7 days (p < 0.05). CBD treatment promoted mineralization, with significant differences observed among groups (p < 0.05). Notably, Ptgs2 expression varied between time points, while Runx2 expression was significantly reduced at 24 h (p < 0.05). In macrophages, Ptgs2 and Tnf levels were downregulated by all tested CBD concentrations (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

These results indicate that cannabidiol positively influence the biomineralization process and modulate inflammatory mediator expression.

Clinical relevance

Our research indicates that cannabidiol presents biomineralization potential within inflammatory contexts, implying its potential as a promisor bioactive substance for regenerating oral tissues by interacting with cells and tissues to induce specific responses.

目的：研究体外促炎条件下大麻二酚（CBD）对牙髓细胞和巨噬细胞的影响。材料和方法：将小鼠牙髓未分化细胞（OD-21）用肿瘤坏死因子α (10 ng/mL)预刺激或不处理，然后分别暴露于浓度为0.01µM、0.1µM、1µM和10µM的CBD中24小时和7天。采用MTT法评估细胞活力，同时通过定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）分析矿化-牙本质唾液磷酸蛋白（Dspp）、牙本质基质蛋白1 （Dmp1）、runt相关转录因子2 （Runx2）、TNF-α (TNF)和前列腺素内过氧化物合成酶2 （Ptgs2）相关基因的表达。用茜素红染色评价矿化结核的形成。巨噬细胞（RAW 264.7）用脂多糖（LPS）刺激2小时，然后暴露于相同浓度的CBD。数据分析采用Shapiro-Wilk正态检验，并采用方差分析和Tukey事后检验进行比较（α = 0.05）。结果：除10µM浓度外，CBD对OD-21细胞存活率无显著影响（p < 0.05）。CBD处理促进矿化，组间差异有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。值得注意的是，Ptgs2的表达在不同时间点之间存在差异，而Runx2的表达在24小时时显著降低（p < 0.05）。在巨噬细胞中，Ptgs2表达较低，TNF-α水平在所有CBD浓度下均下调（p < 0.05）。结论：大麻二酚可能积极影响生物矿化过程，调节炎症介质的表达。

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引用次数: 0

The use of antibiotics in the management of odontogenic facial swellings in children and adolescents: A scoping review 抗生素在儿童和青少年牙源性面部肿胀治疗中的应用：范围综述。

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105523

Rachelle Welti , Dharini Ravindra , Leanne Teoh , Alastair Sloan , David Burgner , Mihiri Silva

Objectives

To identify evidence and guidelines relating to the use of antibiotics in the management of odontogenic facial swellings in children and adolescents.

Data

Articles relating to odontogenic facial swellings in children and adolescents aged 0–16 years were included. Articles in which paediatric data could not be differentiated from adult data or where the age of participants were unknown were excluded. Also excluded were guidelines that did not provide age-specific recommendations. Resources that exclusively focused on localised odontogenic infections, Ludwig's Angina, neck infections, orbital cellulitis and sepsis and those that pooled data related to odontogenic facial swelling and other medical or dental conditions were excluded.

Sources

MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE were searched with no date restrictions. Google Advanced Search was used to identify grey literature.

Study selection

Of the 5251 identified articles, 22 primary studies and 32 secondary sources of evidence were included after full text review. No articles evaluated the use of specific diagnostic criteria used to support antibiotic prescribing. Three studies evaluated the effectiveness of antibiotic regimes in the management of odontogenic facial swellings in young people. Antibiotic regimes varied; oral amoxicillin was the most frequently recommended first-line therapy, followed by phenoxymethylpenicillin. Most articles recommended antibiotics as an adjunct to dental treatment. The weight of the child, penicillin allergy/ hypersensitivity and clinical response to therapy were commonly reported to influence antibiotic prescribing. Inconsistencies between guidelines were identified which is likely due to a lack of evidence regarding the use of antibiotics in the paediatric population.

Conclusions

High quality, robust research with clearly defined outcome measures and thorough reporting is required to develop comprehensive, evidence-based guidelines for children and adolescents with odontogenic facial swellings.

Clinical relevance

This paper allows clinicians to compare guideline recommendations, understand the context of these guidelines and review local practices.

目的：确定在儿童和青少年牙源性面部肿胀治疗中使用抗生素的证据和指南。数据：纳入了0-16岁儿童和青少年牙源性面部肿胀的相关文章。排除了儿童数据无法与成人数据区分或参与者年龄未知的文章。同样被排除的还有那些没有提供针对特定年龄的建议的指南。排除了专门关注局部牙源性感染、路德维希心绞痛、颈部感染、眶蜂窝组织炎和败血症的资源，以及与牙源性面部肿胀和其他医学或牙科疾病相关的汇总数据的资源。资料来源：检索MEDLINE， PubMed和EMBASE，没有日期限制。谷歌高级检索用于识别灰色文献。研究选择：在5251篇确定的文章中，在全文审查后纳入了22项主要研究和32项次要证据来源。没有文章评估用于支持抗生素处方的特定诊断标准的使用。三项研究评估了抗生素治疗年轻人牙源性面部肿胀的有效性。抗生素治疗方案各不相同；口服阿莫西林是最常推荐的一线治疗，其次是苯氧甲基青霉素。大多数文章推荐抗生素作为牙科治疗的辅助手段。据报道，儿童体重、青霉素过敏/超敏反应和临床对治疗的反应通常会影响抗生素处方。确定了指南之间的不一致，这可能是由于缺乏关于在儿科人群中使用抗生素的证据。结论：对于患有牙源性面部肿胀的儿童和青少年，需要高质量、强有力的研究、明确定义的结果测量和全面的报告来制定全面的、基于证据的指南。临床相关性：本文允许临床医生比较指南建议，了解这些指南的背景和审查当地的做法。

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引用次数: 0

Trends in pH-triggered strategies for dental resins aiming to assist in preventing demineralization: A scoping review 旨在帮助预防脱矿的牙科树脂ph触发策略的趋势：范围审查。

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105540

Andréa Vaz Braga Pintor , Carolina Mara Geraldino Monteiro , Livia Rodrigues de Menezes , Mary Anne S. Melo , Lucianne Cople Maia

Objectives

To identify and map the literature on the current state of pH-triggered strategies for resin-based materials used in direct restorative dentistry, focusing on innovative compounds, their incorporation and evaluation methods, and the main outcomes.

Data and sources

Through a search across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Library databases, and Google Scholar, this review identified studies pertinent to pH-responsive dental materials, excluding resin-modified glass ionomer cements.

Study selection

From the 981 records identified, 19 in vitro studies were included, concentrating on resin-based composite resins (50 %), dentin adhesives (25 %), and sealants (25 %). The review identified diverse pH-triggered strategies based on ion release, antibacterial release, antibacterial no release, association of contact-antibacterial compounds with acid neutralizer, and combined ion and antibacterial releasing systems for the development of pH-responsive dental materials. Despite the incorporation of innovative compounds such as nanoparticulated amorphous calcium phosphate (20 %), tetracalcium phosphate (40 %), chlorhexidine-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (10 %), tertiary amine dodecylmethylaminoethyl methacrylate (5 %), and bioactive glass with 4 % nano-POSS (20 %), the mechanical integrity of the materials remained satisfactory, displaying flexural strength and elastic modulus that were similar to or better than control. Materials showcased pH-dependent release of calcium and phosphate ions, especially in acidic conditions, and potential for prevention of tooth demineralization, indicating decreased mineral loss and lesion depth.

Conclusions

In general, ion releasing and antibacterial-based strategies alone or associated, comprising the incorporation of amorphous calcium phosphate, tetracalcium phosphate, chlorhexidine-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles, tertiary amine dodecylmethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and bioactive glass with 4 % nano-POSS were used to provide pH-responsiveness for composite resins, adhesive systems, or sealants, without compromise of the mechanical properties, and with promising potential for enhancing caries prevention.

Clinical relevance

Advancements on smart pH-responsive dental resins based on ion-releasing and antibacterial associated strategies may contribute to prevent or reduce bacterial acid formation and demineralization of tooth structure at the interface between tooth tissues and restoration, possibly favoring the success of restorative treatment in the future.

目的：识别和绘制用于直接修复牙科的树脂基材料的ph触发策略的现状的文献，重点关注创新化合物，它们的掺入和评估方法，以及主要结果。数据和来源：通过检索PubMed， Scopus, Embase, Web of Science， LILACS， Cochrane Library数据库和谷歌Scholar，本综述确定了与ph响应性牙科材料相关的研究，不包括树脂改性玻璃离子聚合物水泥。研究选择：从确定的981个记录中，包括19个体外研究，集中于树脂基复合树脂（50%），牙本质粘接剂（25%）和密封剂（25%）。本文综述了基于离子释放、抗菌释放、无抗菌释放、接触抗菌化合物与酸性中和剂的结合以及离子和抗菌联合释放系统的多种ph触发策略，用于开发ph响应牙科材料。尽管加入了创新化合物，如纳米关节无定形磷酸钙（20%）、磷酸四钙（40%）、载氯己定的介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（10%）、叔胺十二烷基甲基氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯（5%）和生物活性玻璃（4%纳米poss），材料的机械完整性仍然令人满意，其弯曲强度和弹性模量与对照组相似或更好。材料显示钙和磷酸盐离子的ph依赖性释放，特别是在酸性条件下，以及预防牙齿脱矿的潜力，表明减少矿物质损失和损伤深度。结论:一般来说，离子释放和抗菌策略单独或相关，包括无定形磷酸钙、磷酸四钙、氯己定负载的介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒、叔胺十二烷基甲基氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯和含有4%纳米poss的生物活性玻璃的掺入，用于提供复合树脂、粘合剂系统或密封剂的ph响应性，而不影响机械性能。并且在加强龋齿预防方面有很大的潜力。临床意义：基于离子释放和抗菌相关策略的智能ph响应牙科树脂的进展可能有助于防止或减少牙齿组织和修复体之间界面的细菌酸形成和牙齿结构的脱矿，可能有利于未来修复治疗的成功。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of malocclusion on tooth loss over a 20-year period: Findings from the Population-Based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) 20年来错牙合对牙齿脱落的影响：来自波美拉尼亚人口健康研究（SHIP）的发现。

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105502

Torsten Mundt , Olaf Bernhardt , Karl-Friedrich Krey , Christian Splieth , Henry Völzke , Stefanie Samietz , Christian Schwahn

Objective

Research is lacking examining the effect of malocclusion on tooth loss. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible impact of moderate and severe malocclusions on tooth loss over the course of twenty years.

Material and methods

Of 1269 subjects aged between 25 and 49 years with at least 20 teeth of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania in Germany, malocclusions were initially assessed according to a German orthodontic index of treatment priority between 1997 and 2001. The available participants were re-examined every 5 years up to 2021. Tooth loss was analyzed in multilevel survival analyses including tooth, jaw and subject level. The models were adjusted for age, sex, marital status, school education and coexisting malocclusions in the same participant.

Results

Among 623 (49 %) participants with orthodontic treatment priority, 201 showed more than one malocclusion feature. Missing, unreplaced teeth as equivalent for hypodontia, increased overjet of 3–6 mm or > 6 mm, deep bite of > 3 mm with gingival contact, and posterior cusp-to-cusp bite were risk factors for tooth loss. Open bite of 1–2 mm, deep bite of > 3 mm without gingival contact, bilateral crossbite, and incisal crowding with ≤1/2 width of lateral incisor were protective against tooth loss.

Conclusions

Given the negative and positive impacts of some malocclusions on tooth loss, other potential detrimental effects on oral health and psycho-social well-being were not considered in this study.

Clinical significance

This long-term study showed for the first time, that some malocclusions in adults can cause tooth loss and others are protective. This should be weighed in the decision making process for orthodontic treatment.

目的：牙合错对牙齿脱落的影响尚缺乏研究。本研究的目的是分析二十年来中度和重度错颌对牙齿脱落的可能影响。材料和方法：在德国波美拉尼亚以人口为基础的健康研究中，1269名年龄在25-49岁之间，至少有20颗牙齿的受试者，根据1997-2001年间德国正畸治疗优先指数初步评估错颌。在2021年之前，每5年对可用的参与者进行一次重新检查。在包括牙齿、颌骨和受试者水平的多水平生存分析中分析牙齿脱落。这些模型根据同一参与者的年龄、性别、婚姻状况、学校教育和共存的咬合错误进行了调整。结果：623例（49%）优先接受正畸治疗的患者中，201例出现一种以上的错牙合特征。缺牙、未补牙（相当于牙下缺失）、覆盖面积增加3-6 mm或bbb6 mm、> 3 mm深咬合伴牙龈接触、后牙尖对牙尖咬合是牙齿脱落的危险因素。开咬1 ~ 2mm、深咬> ~ 3mm不与牙龈接触、双侧交叉咬合、侧切牙宽度≤1/2的切牙拥挤对牙齿脱落有保护作用。结论：考虑到某些错合对牙齿脱落的负面和正面影响，本研究未考虑其他对口腔健康和心理社会健康的潜在有害影响。

{"title":"The impact of malocclusion on tooth loss over a 20-year period: Findings from the Population-Based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)","authors":"Torsten Mundt , Olaf Bernhardt , Karl-Friedrich Krey , Christian Splieth , Henry Völzke , Stefanie Samietz , Christian Schwahn","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Research is lacking examining the effect of malocclusion on tooth loss. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible impact of moderate and severe malocclusions on tooth loss over the course of twenty years.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Of 1269 subjects aged between 25 and 49 years with at least 20 teeth of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania in Germany, malocclusions were initially assessed according to a German orthodontic index of treatment priority between 1997 and 2001. The available participants were re-examined every 5 years up to 2021. Tooth loss was analyzed in multilevel survival analyses including tooth, jaw and subject level. The models were adjusted for age, sex, marital status, school education and coexisting malocclusions in the same participant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 623 (49 %) participants with orthodontic treatment priority, 201 showed more than one malocclusion feature. Missing, unreplaced teeth as equivalent for hypodontia, increased overjet of 3–6 mm or > 6 mm, deep bite of > 3 mm with gingival contact, and posterior cusp-to-cusp bite were risk factors for tooth loss. Open bite of 1–2 mm, deep bite of > 3 mm without gingival contact, bilateral crossbite, and incisal crowding with ≤1/2 width of lateral incisor were protective against tooth loss.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Given the negative and positive impacts of some malocclusions on tooth loss, other potential detrimental effects on oral health and psycho-social well-being were not considered in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>This long-term study showed for the first time, that some malocclusions in adults can cause tooth loss and others are protective. This should be weighed in the decision making process for orthodontic treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105502"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the fabrication trueness and internal fit of additively manufactured two-piece zirconia abutments with different build orientations compared to subtractively manufactured abutments 与减法制造的基台相比，对不同制造方向的加成法制造的两件式氧化锆基台的制造精度和内部配合进行评估。

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105470

Münir Demirel , Almira Ada Diken Türksayar , Mustafa Borga Donmez , Martin Schimmel , Burak Yilmaz

Objective

To evaluate the effect of build orientation on the fabrication trueness and fit of additively manufactured 2-piece zirconia abutments when compared with those manufactured subtractively in 3 mol% and 4 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP and 4Y-TZP).

Methods

A titanium-base (Ti-base) abutment was digitized with a scan body and an industrial scanner to design a 2-piece zirconia abutment with a 50 µm cement gap. This design was used to manufacture zirconia abutments additively in different orientations (0-degree, AM-0; 15-degree, AM-15; 30-degree, AM-30; 45-degree, AM-45; 180-degree, AM-180) and subtractively from 3Y-TZP and 4Y-TZP (SM-3 and SM-4) (n=5). An intraoral scanner was used to digitize all abutments, when they were seated on the Ti-base, and only the Ti-base. Abutments’ trueness (overall, external, intaglio, and marginal) was analyzed with the root mean square (RMS) method, and their fit was assessed with the triple-scan protocol. Data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance and Tamhane's T2 tests (α = 0.05).

Results

SM-3 abutments had the lowest overall and external RMS (P ≤ 0.023). SM-3 and SM-4 abutments mostly had lower intaglio and AM-0 abutments mostly had lower gingival RMS (P ≤ 0.013). Except for AM-0 and SM-3 (P ≥ 0.930), SM-4 abutments had the lowest average gaps (P ≤ 0.041).

Conclusions

SM-3 abutments mostly had higher fabrication trueness, while AM-0 abutments had trueness similar to or higher than the other additively manufactured abutments. AM-0, SM-3, and SM-4 abutments had similar fit with average gaps lower than 50 µm.

目的与使用 3 mol% 和 4 mol% 钇稳定氧化锆（3Y-TZP 和 4Y-TZP）减法制造的两件式氧化锆基台相比，评估构建方向对制造真实性和密合性的影响：使用扫描体和工业扫描仪对钛基台（Ti-base）进行数字化处理，设计出具有 50 µm 骨水泥间隙的两件式氧化锆基台。利用该设计以加法生产不同方向的氧化锆基台（0 度，AM-0；15 度，AM-15；30 度，AM-30；45 度，AM-45；180 度，AM-180），并以减法生产 3Y-TZP 和 4Y-TZP 基台（SM-3 和 SM-4）（n=5）。使用口内扫描仪对所有基台进行数字化处理，包括基台在钛基底上的情况，以及仅对钛基底进行数字化处理的情况。基台的真实度（整体、外部、凹内和边缘）用均方根（RMS）法进行分析，其密合度用三重扫描协议进行评估。数据分析采用单因素方差分析和 Tamhane's T2 检验（α = 0.05）：结果：SM-3 基台的整体和外部 RMS 最低（P ≤ 0.023）。SM-3和SM-4基台的内侧RMS大多较低，而AM-0基台的龈侧RMS大多较低（P≤0.013）。除了AM-0和SM-3（P≥0.930），SM-4基台的平均间隙最小（P≤0.041）：结论：SM-3 基台大多具有较高的加工真实度，而 AM-0 基台的真实度与其他添加剂制造的基台相似或更高。AM-0、SM-3 和 SM-4 基台的配合度相似，平均间隙低于 50 µm。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of operator performance during dynamically guided osteotomy and root-end resection in endodontic microsurgery: A cross-sectional in vitro study 牙髓显微外科手术中动态引导截骨和根端切除术中操作人员表现的评估：一项横断面体外研究。

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105494

Paula Andrea Villa-Machado , Santiago Casas-Garzón , Verónica González-Gómez , Felipe Augusto Restrepo-Restrepo , Sergio Iván Tobón-Arroyave

Objectives

To compare in vitro the magnitude of deviations, task-focused performance, and perspective on instrumentation of two operators with different levels of experience using computer-assisted dynamic navigation (C-ADN) systems during osteotomy/root-end resection (RER) in models mimicking thick bone layers overlying the apices.

Methods

Eight models with 15 tooth replicas each were assigned equally to two operators (experienced/less experienced). Pre- and post-operative cone-beam computed tomography images were superimposed using a C-ADN software to determine discrepancies between the planned and real trajectory of the trephine bur. Task-focused operator performance and subjective aspects derived from operator's perspective related to C-ADN were also analyzed. Statistical analysis was completed through parametric methods and Chi-square/fisher exact tests.

Results

Pearson correlation tests showed positive correlations between the distance from buccal cortical plate to root apex regarding deviation at apex, trephination depth, and visuomotor coordination time. The less experienced operator had significantly greater values of visuomotor coordination time, deviation at buccal entry point and apex, trephination depth, and angular deviation, as well as a significantly higher frequency of apex location failures, poor RER quality, and mishaps in comparison with those of the experienced operator, thus leading to a significantly higher task-focused performance for the experienced operator. Both operators improved the visuomotor task through diverse attempts, acknowledged enhanced situation awareness, surgical procedure quality, and patient safety associated to the use of C-ADN, and reported a positive impact on the developing and maintaining navigational skills. Concerns regarding perceived workload, mental demand, and usability difficulties were reported only by the less experienced operator.

Conclusions

Dynamically guided osteotomy and RER prepared with trephine burs entail a subset of visuomotor skills requiring a special learning which may vary depending on the operator's experience and the procedure complexity as determined by dentoalveolar anatomy. Likewise, the perceived usability about C-ADN systems increases insofar the complexity of the user interface decreases and upsurge the earlier experience with these systems.

Statement of clinical relevance

This study shows that both the technical characteristics involved in the function of C-ADN systems and the subjective operators' perceptions are critical for the accuracy of task-focused performance during endodontic microsurgery.

目的：在模拟根尖上厚骨层的模型中，比较两名具有不同经验水平的操作员在截骨/根尖切除（RER）过程中使用计算机辅助动态导航（C-ADN）系统的偏差程度、以任务为中心的表现以及对仪器的看法。方法：8个模型，每个模型15个牙齿副本，平均分配给2名操作人员（经验丰富/经验不足）。术前和术后的锥束计算机断层图像使用C-ADN软件进行叠加，以确定计划的和实际的环钻轨迹之间的差异。以任务为中心的操作员表现和从操作员角度衍生的与C-ADN相关的主观方面也进行了分析。统计分析通过参数方法和卡方/费雪精确检验完成。结果：Pearson相关检验显示颊皮质板到根尖的距离与根尖偏差、钻孔深度和视觉运动协调时间呈正相关。与经验丰富的操作员相比，经验不足的操作员在视觉运动协调时间、口腔入口点和尖端偏差、钻孔深度和角度偏差方面的值显著高于经验丰富的操作员，并且在尖端定位失败、RER质量差和事故发生的频率显著高于经验丰富的操作员，从而导致经验丰富的操作员在任务集中的表现上显着提高。两位操作人员都通过各种尝试改善了视觉运动任务，承认使用C-ADN可以提高态势感知、手术质量和患者安全，并报告了对发展和维持导航技能的积极影响。只有经验不足的操作人员报告了对感知工作量、心理需求和可用性困难的担忧。结论：动态引导截骨术和用环钻制备的RER需要一些视觉运动技能，需要特殊的学习，这可能取决于操作者的经验和牙槽结构决定的手术复杂性。同样，C-ADN系统的感知可用性也在增加，因为用户界面的复杂性降低了，并且提高了这些系统的早期体验。临床相关性声明：本研究表明，C-ADN系统功能的技术特征和操作者的主观感知对于在牙髓显微手术中以任务为中心的表现的准确性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Orifice barrier preferences for coronal restoration of root filled teeth by endodontists and other dental practitioners in Australia: A questionnaire survey 澳大利亚牙髓医生和其他牙科医生对冠状面修复的孔道屏障偏好：一项问卷调查。

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105497

Michael E. Wylie , Peter Parashos , James R. Fernando , Joseph E.A. Palamara , Alastair J. Sloan

Objectives

To compare the use of orifice barriers (OB) in root-filled teeth (RFT) between specialist endodontic practitioners (SEP) and general and other specialist practitioners (GDP+), and identify common materials, reasons for selection, and techniques.

Methods

An online survey was distributed to SEP and GDP+ practising in Australia. Demographic and multiple-choice questions relating to material selection and technique choices were asked to evaluate and relate usage patterns to practising and training backgrounds. Fisher's exact tests were undertaken to compare categorical variables across practitioner groups. Significance level was set at p<.05.

Results

There were 457 eligible responses: 393(86%) GDP+ and 64(14%) SEP. Of 429 reporting endodontically treating or restoring teeth, 317(73.9%) placed OB; preferred depth of root filling removal by most (91.8%) was ≤ 2 mm, with more SEP preferring 2 mm than GDP+(p=.02). Preferred materials for OB were conventional and resin-modified GIC (GIC), resin composite materials (RC), Cavit™ and zinc polycarboxylate cement (ZPC). ‘Ease of use’ was a common reason among all practitioners for GIC and RC. Significantly more SEP(p<.001) chose ZPC in all teeth and more commonly because of ‘Ease of use’ for both posterior (p<.001) and anterior (p=.002) teeth. All ZPC-using SEP preferred using a paste-filler/lentulo spiral, significantly more than GDP+ for posterior (p<.001) and anterior (p=.002) teeth. Cavit™ was often chosen for ‘Sealing ability’.

Conclusions

OB were widely placed by dental practitioners in Australia, with a small group of materials selected, most commonly for ease of use or sealing ability. The findings of this study suggest that further research should be undertaken to investigate the relative performance of these materials as OB and to inform the clinician's choices when restoring RFT.

目的：比较专科牙髓医生（SEP）和普通及其他专科医生（GDP+）在补根牙（RFT）中使用孔口屏障（OB）的情况，并确定常用材料、选择原因和技术。方法：采用在线调查的方法，对澳大利亚的SEP和GDP+执业进行调查。要求有关材料选择和技术选择的人口统计和多项选择问题来评价使用模式并将其与实践和培训背景联系起来。采用Fisher精确检验来比较不同从业者群体的分类变量。结果：有457例符合条件的应答：393例（86%）GDP+， 64例（14%）SEP。在429例报告髓内治疗或修复牙齿的患者中，317例（73.9%）选择OB；大多数人（91.8%）偏爱2mm的补根深度，SEP比GDP+更偏爱2mm （p= 0.02）。OB的首选材料是常规和树脂改性GIC （GIC）、树脂复合材料（RC）、CavitTM和聚羧酸锌水泥（ZPC）。“易于使用”是所有GIC和RC从业者的共同原因。SEP（pTM）对“密封能力”的选择明显多于SEP（pTM）。结论：澳大利亚牙科医生广泛放置OB，选择的材料很少，最常见的是便于使用或密封能力。本研究的结果表明，应该进行进一步的研究，以调查这些材料作为OB的相对性能，并告知临床医生在恢复RFT时的选择。

{"title":"Orifice barrier preferences for coronal restoration of root filled teeth by endodontists and other dental practitioners in Australia: A questionnaire survey","authors":"Michael E. Wylie , Peter Parashos , James R. Fernando , Joseph E.A. Palamara , Alastair J. Sloan","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To compare the use of orifice barriers (OB) in root-filled teeth (RFT) between specialist endodontic practitioners (SEP) and general and other specialist practitioners (GDP+), and identify common materials, reasons for selection, and techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online survey was distributed to SEP and GDP+ practising in Australia. Demographic and multiple-choice questions relating to material selection and technique choices were asked to evaluate and relate usage patterns to practising and training backgrounds. Fisher's exact tests were undertaken to compare categorical variables across practitioner groups. Significance level was set at <em>p</em><.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 457 eligible responses: 393(86%) GDP+ and 64(14%) SEP. Of 429 reporting endodontically treating or restoring teeth, 317(73.9%) placed OB; preferred depth of root filling removal by most (91.8%) was ≤ 2 mm, with more SEP preferring 2 mm than GDP+(<em>p</em>=.02). Preferred materials for OB were conventional and resin-modified GIC (GIC), resin composite materials (RC), Cavit™ and zinc polycarboxylate cement (ZPC). ‘Ease of use’ was a common reason among all practitioners for GIC and RC. Significantly more SEP(<em>p</em><.001) chose ZPC in all teeth and more commonly because of ‘Ease of use’ for both posterior (<em>p</em><.001) and anterior (<em>p</em>=.002) teeth. All ZPC-using SEP preferred using a paste-filler/lentulo spiral, significantly more than GDP+ for posterior (<em>p</em><.001) and anterior (<em>p</em>=.002) teeth. Cavit™ was often chosen for ‘Sealing ability’.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>OB were widely placed by dental practitioners in Australia, with a small group of materials selected, most commonly for ease of use or sealing ability. The findings of this study suggest that further research should be undertaken to investigate the relative performance of these materials as OB and to inform the clinician's choices when restoring RFT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tideglusib enhances ALP activity and upregulates RANKL expression in Osteoblast-macrophage Co-cultures within a 3D collagen scaffold Tideglusib增强3D胶原支架内成骨-巨噬细胞共培养中ALP活性和上调RANKL表达

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105509

Raquel Toledano , María T. Osorio , Raquel Osorio , Manuel Toledano , Diego Jacho , Eda Yildirim-Ayan

Objectives

Tideglusib (Tx) is known for its osteogenic potential, yet its effects on the interplay between osteoblasts and M1 macrophages remain underexplored. This in vitro study aimed to isolate and evaluate both the individual and combined roles of M1 macrophages and osteoblasts in macrophage differentiation and osteoblast function, specifically focusing on how these interactions influence protein expression of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in the presence or absence of Tx.

Methods

Osteoblast and macrophage cells were co-cultured in direct contact for 24 and 48 h, with or without the presence of Tx. ALP activity, the expression of inflammatory-related genes using RT-qPCR, and histological analyses were performed.

Results

Co-culturing osteoblasts and M1 macrophages with Tx increased alkaline phosphatase production, indicative of enhanced osteoblast activity. Histological assessments revealed that Tx treatment contributed to the stability and maintenance of cell morphology within the scaffold, suggesting a supportive environment for cell viability and function. Tx significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, in the co-culture at both 24 and 48 h Tx also effectively inhibited osteoclastogenic differentiation in macrophages, thereby diminishing their pro-inflammatory phenotype.

Conclusions

Tx increased ALP activity and produced a significant up-regulation of RANKL expression, indicating enhanced osteoblast differentiation and osteoclast activation. Tx mitigates macrophage-driven inflammation.

Clinical significance

Tx may enhance bone regeneration by modulating inflammatory responses and preserving cell integrity.

目的：Tideglusib （Tx）以其成骨潜能而闻名，但其对成骨细胞和M1巨噬细胞之间相互作用的影响仍未得到充分研究。本体外研究旨在分离和评估M1巨噬细胞和成骨细胞在巨噬细胞分化和成骨细胞功能中的单独和联合作用，特别关注这些相互作用如何影响成骨和破骨细胞生成的蛋白表达在存在或不存在tx的情况下。将成骨细胞和巨噬细胞直接接触共培养24和48小时，无论是否存在Tx. ALP活性，使用RT-qPCR检测炎症相关基因的表达，并进行组织学分析。结果：成骨细胞和M1巨噬细胞与Tx共培养可增加碱性磷酸酶的产生，表明成骨细胞活性增强。组织学评估显示，Tx处理有助于支架内细胞形态的稳定和维持，表明细胞活力和功能的支持环境。在共培养24和48 h时，Tx显著降低促炎标志物TNF-α和IL-1β的表达。Tx还能有效抑制巨噬细胞的破骨细胞分化，从而降低其促炎表型。结论：Tx增加ALP活性，显著上调RANKL表达，促进成骨细胞分化和破骨细胞活化。Tx减轻巨噬细胞驱动的炎症。临床意义：Tx可能通过调节炎症反应和保持细胞完整性来促进骨再生。

{"title":"Tideglusib enhances ALP activity and upregulates RANKL expression in Osteoblast-macrophage Co-cultures within a 3D collagen scaffold","authors":"Raquel Toledano , María T. Osorio , Raquel Osorio , Manuel Toledano , Diego Jacho , Eda Yildirim-Ayan","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Tideglusib (Tx) is known for its osteogenic potential, yet its effects on the interplay between osteoblasts and M1 macrophages remain underexplored. This in vitro study aimed to isolate and evaluate both the individual and combined roles of M1 macrophages and osteoblasts in macrophage differentiation and osteoblast function, specifically focusing on how these interactions influence protein expression of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in the presence or absence of Tx.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Osteoblast and macrophage cells were co-cultured in direct contact for 24 and 48 h, with or without the presence of Tx. ALP activity, the expression of inflammatory-related genes using RT-qPCR, and histological analyses were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Co-culturing osteoblasts and M1 macrophages with Tx increased alkaline phosphatase production, indicative of enhanced osteoblast activity. Histological assessments revealed that Tx treatment contributed to the stability and maintenance of cell morphology within the scaffold, suggesting a supportive environment for cell viability and function. Tx significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, in the co-culture at both 24 and 48 h Tx also effectively inhibited osteoclastogenic differentiation in macrophages, thereby diminishing their pro-inflammatory phenotype.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Tx increased ALP activity and produced a significant up-regulation of RANKL expression, indicating enhanced osteoblast differentiation and osteoclast activation. Tx mitigates macrophage-driven inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Tx may enhance bone regeneration by modulating inflammatory responses and preserving cell integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors associated with the success of restorative treatment for root caries: A systematic review with meta-analysis 与牙根龋修复治疗成功相关的因素：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105539

Yulin Wen, Xiaowei Zhao, Samantha Kar Yan Li, Edward Chin Man Lo, Chloe Meng Jiang

Objectives

The aims of this systematic review were to estimate the success rates of root caries restorations, and to identify possible factors associated with the success of root caries restorations.

Data and Sources

Literature search was conducted in three databases, PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science to identify clinical studies reporting on the success of restorative treatment for root caries. Factors that may influence clinical outcomes of the restorative treatment were summarized and analyzed.

Study selection

A total of 4116 records were identified, and 9 articles were eligible to be included. A total of 415 participants with 1174 root caries restorations were analyzed. The short-term (6-month) estimated success rates (ESRs) (95 % CI) of root restorations with per protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) approach were 95.1 % (92.9 % to 97.3 %) and 90.5 % (86.8 % to 94.1 %), respectively. The long-term (24-month) ESRs were 82.2 % (73.9 % to 90.6 %) and 73.8 % (64.0 % to 83.5 %) by using the PP and ITT approaches, respectively. Resin composite restorations had a higher ESR compared to glass ionomer cement restorations at 12-month follow-up (96.3 % vs. 86.9 %, p = 0.037), but no significant differences were found at 6-month and 24-month follow-ups (p > 0.05). Besides filling material, no other factors with statistically significant association with treatment success could be identified, including study setting, material mixing method, moisture control method, use of liner or not, and restorative technique.

Conclusion

The overall success rate of root caries restorations is good in the short-term (6-month) but decreases over time, with an approximately 20 % failure rate after two years. Complete/partial loss of restoration and gross marginal defect were the main reported reasons accounted for failure. No studied factor has clear evidence to support its association with long-term (24 months or longer) success of root caries restoration.

Clinical Significance

This review provides up-to-date evidence on the overall success rates of root caries restorations. No compelling evidence shows any studied factor is related to the long-term success of root caries restoration, whilst there is a tendency to observe higher success rates of resin composite compared to glass ionomer cement restorations.

目的：本系统综述的目的是评估龋根修复的成功率，并确定与龋根修复成功相关的可能因素。资料和来源：检索PubMed、MEDLINE和Web of Science三个数据库的文献，以确定有关根性龋修复治疗成功的临床研究报告。对影响恢复性治疗临床效果的因素进行总结和分析。研究选择：共纳入4116条记录，其中9篇符合纳入条件。共有415名参与者进行了1174例牙根龋修复。按方案（PP）和意向治疗（ITT）方法进行根修复的短期（6个月）估计成功率（esr）（95%CI）分别为95.1%（92.9%至97.3%）和90.5%（86.8%至94.1%）。采用PP和ITT方法的长期（24个月）esr分别为82.2%（73.9% ~ 90.6%）和73.8%（64.0% ~ 83.5%）。在12个月的随访中，树脂复合材料修复体的ESR高于玻璃离子水门铁修复体（96.3%比86.9%,p=0.037），但在6个月和24个月的随访中没有发现显著差异（p = 0.05）。除填充材料外，研究环境、材料混合方法、水分控制方法、衬垫使用与否、修复技术等因素均未发现与治疗成功有统计学意义相关的因素。结论：牙根龋短期内（6个月）整体修复成功率较好，但随着时间的推移成功率逐渐降低，2年后失败率约为20%。完全/部分修复损失和总边缘缺陷是报告失败的主要原因。没有研究的因素有明确的证据支持其与长期（24个月或更长时间）根龋修复成功的关系。临床意义：本综述提供了牙根龋修复总体成功率的最新证据。没有令人信服的证据表明任何研究因素与根龋修复的长期成功有关，而树脂复合材料与玻璃离子水门铁修复相比，有更高的成功率的趋势。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of index thickness on the accuracy of direct restorations using composite resin injection technique with VPS indices 指数厚度对VPS指数复合树脂注射技术直接修复精度的影响。

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105508

Jiakang Zhu, Xianfeng Deng, Chunyan Fu, Caini Wei, Cui Huang

Objectives

To evaluate the accuracy of direct restorations using transparent vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) indices with different thicknesses for composite resin injection technique.

Methods

Thirty-six standard resin teeth of tooth #11 were divided into 3 groups based on the index thickness including 2, 4, and 6 mm (n = 12). VPS indices were fabricated using customized trays corresponding to each thickness. Tooth defect was created by sectioning 4 mm of the crown, which was then restored using the composite resin injection technique under the VPS index. Pre- and post-treatment scans were fitted, generating a deviation distribution map of tooth #11. Overall root mean square (RMS) and distance deviations along the central longitudinal section were recorded for accuracy evaluation. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc comparisons and the Levene test were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05).

Results

Both mean and standard deviation values of RMS for injected restorations decreased as index thickness increased, with no significant differences observe between 4-mm and 6-mm index groups. Distance deviations of the injected restorations were generally less than 0 in all groups, and deviations of the middle third of the lingual surface significantly exceeded 50 μm in 2-mm index group.

Conclusions

The accuracy including trueness and precision of direct restorations using the composite resin injection technique improved with increasing index thickness, but no significant differences were found between the 4-mm and 6-mm indices. Besides, all the results were within the clinically acceptable error values for the 4-mm and 6-mm indices.

Clinical significance

For achieving clinically acceptable accuracy in restorations using the composite resin injection technique, a VPS index thickness of 4 mm is both the minimum requirement and sufficient, ensuring satisfactory esthetic and functional outcomes.

目的：评价不同厚度透明乙烯基聚硅氧烷（VPS）指数在复合树脂注射技术中直接修复的准确性。方法：11号牙36颗标准树脂牙按指标厚度2、4、6 mm分为3组（n=12）。VPS指数是用相应厚度的定制托盘制作的。将牙冠切开4mm形成缺损，在VPS指数下采用复合树脂注射技术修复。拟合治疗前和治疗后的扫描图，生成11号牙齿的偏差分布图。记录总体均方根（RMS）和沿中央纵剖面的距离偏差以评估准确性。采用单因素方差分析、Tukey事后比较和Levene检验进行统计学分析（α=0.05）。结果：注射修复体的均方根值和标准差值均随指数厚度的增加而降低，4-mm和6-mm指数组间差异无统计学意义。所有组注射修复体的距离偏差普遍小于0,2-mm指数组舌面中三分之一的偏差明显大于50 μm。结论：复合树脂注射技术直接修复的准确度，包括正确率和精密度，随着指数厚度的增加而提高，但4-mm和6-mm指数之间无显著差异。4-mm和6-mm指标均在临床可接受误差范围内。临床意义：为了在复合树脂注射修复技术中达到临床可接受的准确性，VPS指数厚度为4mm是最低要求也是足够的，可以确保满意的美学和功能结果。

{"title":"Effect of index thickness on the accuracy of direct restorations using composite resin injection technique with VPS indices","authors":"Jiakang Zhu, Xianfeng Deng, Chunyan Fu, Caini Wei, Cui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the accuracy of direct restorations using transparent vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) indices with different thicknesses for composite resin injection technique.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-six standard resin teeth of tooth #11 were divided into 3 groups based on the index thickness including 2, 4, and 6 mm (n = 12). VPS indices were fabricated using customized trays corresponding to each thickness. Tooth defect was created by sectioning 4 mm of the crown, which was then restored using the composite resin injection technique under the VPS index. Pre- and post-treatment scans were fitted, generating a deviation distribution map of tooth #11. Overall root mean square (RMS) and distance deviations along the central longitudinal section were recorded for accuracy evaluation. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc comparisons and the Levene test were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both mean and standard deviation values of RMS for injected restorations decreased as index thickness increased, with no significant differences observe between 4-mm and 6-mm index groups. Distance deviations of the injected restorations were generally less than 0 in all groups, and deviations of the middle third of the lingual surface significantly exceeded 50 μm in 2-mm index group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The accuracy including trueness and precision of direct restorations using the composite resin injection technique improved with increasing index thickness, but no significant differences were found between the 4-mm and 6-mm indices. Besides, all the results were within the clinically acceptable error values for the 4-mm and 6-mm indices.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>For achieving clinically acceptable accuracy in restorations using the composite resin injection technique, a VPS index thickness of 4 mm is both the minimum requirement and sufficient, ensuring satisfactory esthetic and functional outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105508"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0