Journal of dentistry最新文献_第4页

Evaluation of the 5-year clinical efficacy of cross-arch fixed dental prostheses as periodontal splints on periodontal tissue stability 十字弓固定义齿作为牙周夹板对牙周组织稳定性的5年临床疗效评价

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106529

Weijie Wu , Jun Chen , Yan Liu , Ganggang Qi , Chuchu Xu , Xiaoyu Chen , Hongye Lu , Fuming He

Objectives

To investigate the clinical efficacy of the cross-arch fixed dental prostheses as periodontal splints and to identify the key factors influencing its treatment outcomes.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-seven patients with 51 tooth-supported cross-arch prostheses (mean follow-up: 63 months; mean bridge length: 10.24 units) were retrospectively analyzed. Survival rates, complications, alveolar bone level (ABL), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque index (PI), prosthesis characteristics, and patient satisfaction were documented at baseline (T0), 1 year (T1), 3 years (T2) and 5 years (T3) after loading. Cumulative survival rates (CSRs) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Risk factors for changes in PPD (ΔPPD) and alveolar bone level (ΔABL) were screened by univariate analyses and assessed using multivariable generalized linear and logistic regression models.

Results

Five-year prosthesis survival was 95.16% (100% at 1- and 3-year). PPD decreased significantly from T0 (3.84 ± 0.81 mm) to T1 (3.26 ± 0.92 mm) and T2 (3.33 ± 0.84 mm; p < 0.05), while ABL remained clinically stable, and BoP and PI were maintained at low levels throughout the study period. Quadrilateral abutment configuration was significantly associated with reduced bone loss (β = -0.551, p = 0.002) and reduced ΔPPD (β = -0.704, p < 0.001). Bilateral terminal abutment prostheses (β = -0.389, p = 0.013) also showed a protective effect on ΔPPD. Patient satisfaction remained high (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Cross-arch fixed prostheses provided predictable periodontal stabilization with high survival rates. Periodontal maintenance and prosthetic design are key determinants of outcomes.

Clinical significance

Tooth-supported cross-arch prostheses achieved long-term survival and maintained periodontal parameters in Stage III/IV periodontitis, supporting their use as long-span splints when properly planned and maintained. Abutment distribution and strict supportive periodontal care were key determinants, guiding prosthetic design and follow-up.

目的：探讨十字弓固定义齿作为牙周夹板的临床疗效，探讨影响其治疗效果的关键因素。材料与方法：回顾性分析37例51根牙支撑交叉弓修复体患者，平均随访63个月，平均桥长10.24个单位。在装填后的基线（T0）、1年（T1）、3年（T2）和5年（T3）记录了生存率、并发症、牙槽骨水平（ABL）、探诊袋深度（PPD）、探诊出血（BoP）、斑块指数（PI）、假体特征和患者满意度。累积生存率（CSRs）采用Kaplan-Meier曲线计算。通过单因素分析筛选PPD （ΔPPD）和牙槽骨水平（ΔABL）变化的危险因素，并使用多变量广义线性和逻辑回归模型进行评估。结果：5年假体存活率为95.16%（1年和3年为100%）。PPD从T0（3.84±0.81 mm）降至T1（3.26±0.92 mm）和T2(3.33±0.84 mm, p < 0.05)， ABL保持临床稳定，BoP和PI在整个研究期间维持在较低水平。四边形基台配置与减少骨质流失（β = -0.551,p = 0.002）和减少ΔPPD （β = -0.704,p < 0.001）显著相关。双侧末端基牙修复体对ΔPPD也有保护作用（β = -0.389, p = 0.013）。患者满意度保持较高（p < 0.05）。结论：十字弓固定修复体具有可预测的牙周稳定性和较高的成活率。牙周维护和假体设计是影响预后的关键因素。临床意义：牙支撑交叉弓假体在III/IV期牙周炎患者中实现了长期生存并维持了牙周参数，在适当的计划和维护下支持其作为大跨度夹板的使用。基台分布和严格的牙周支持性护理是指导义齿设计和随访的关键决定因素。

{"title":"Evaluation of the 5-year clinical efficacy of cross-arch fixed dental prostheses as periodontal splints on periodontal tissue stability","authors":"Weijie Wu , Jun Chen , Yan Liu , Ganggang Qi , Chuchu Xu , Xiaoyu Chen , Hongye Lu , Fuming He","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the clinical efficacy of the cross-arch fixed dental prostheses as periodontal splints and to identify the key factors influencing its treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Thirty-seven patients with 51 tooth-supported cross-arch prostheses (mean follow-up: 63 months; mean bridge length: 10.24 units) were retrospectively analyzed. Survival rates, complications, alveolar bone level (ABL), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque index (PI), prosthesis characteristics, and patient satisfaction were documented at baseline (T0), 1 year (T1), 3 years (T2) and 5 years (T3) after loading. Cumulative survival rates (CSRs) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Risk factors for changes in PPD (ΔPPD) and alveolar bone level (ΔABL) were screened by univariate analyses and assessed using multivariable generalized linear and logistic regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five-year prosthesis survival was 95.16% (100% at 1- and 3-year). PPD decreased significantly from T0 (3.84 ± 0.81 mm) to T1 (3.26 ± 0.92 mm) and T2 (3.33 ± 0.84 mm; <em>p</em> < 0.05), while ABL remained clinically stable, and BoP and PI were maintained at low levels throughout the study period. Quadrilateral abutment configuration was significantly associated with reduced bone loss (<em>β</em> = -0.551, <em>p</em> = 0.002) and reduced ΔPPD (<em>β</em> = -0.704, <em>p</em> < 0.001). Bilateral terminal abutment prostheses (<em>β =</em> -0.389<em>, p</em> <em>=</em> 0.013) also showed a protective effect on ΔPPD. Patient satisfaction remained high (<em>p</em> > 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Cross-arch fixed prostheses provided predictable periodontal stabilization with high survival rates. Periodontal maintenance and prosthetic design are key determinants of outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Tooth-supported cross-arch prostheses achieved long-term survival and maintained periodontal parameters in Stage III/IV periodontitis, supporting their use as long-span splints when properly planned and maintained. Abutment distribution and strict supportive periodontal care were key determinants, guiding prosthetic design and follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106529"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feasibility and accuracy of a partial point cloud registration method for transoral robot-assisted surgery of zygoma fracture: A phantom study 经口机器人辅助颧骨骨折手术中局部点云配准方法的可行性和准确性：一项模拟研究。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106533

Hangyu Liu , Bimeng Jie , Chunheng Lu , Haoliang Chen , Junchen Wang , Yang He

Objectives

To propose a novel registration method based on partial point cloud registration for transoral robot-assisted zygoma fracture surgery and validate its accuracy via a phantom study.

Methods

This study comprised two validation phases. 1) Feasibility of partial zygomatic surface point cloud registration. Forty sets of normal CT data were selected from an established normative database. After segmentation and 3D reconstruction of zygoma, point clouds from different exposure ranges on the zygomatic bone surface (Group A: Full Zygomatic Bone Outer Surface; Group B: Area Below Infraorbital Margin; and Group C: Area Below Infraorbital Foramen.) were extracted and registered to the intact zygoma using the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The Fiducial Registration Error (FRE) was computed for each group. 2) Accuracy of partial point cloud registration: 10 pre-operative CT scans of zygomatic fractures were selected. Registration using fiducial markers served as the control (Group A). Using a self-developed and previously validated binocular vision camera and probe, point clouds of different exposure range (Group B1, B2, and B3) on the zygomatic bone surface were collected and registered using ICP algorithm. The accuracy of partial point cloud registration for different zygomatic bone surface areas was comparatively evaluated using both FRE and Target Registration Error (TRE).

Results

Feasibility of partial zygomatic surface point cloud registration: The FRE for Group A, B, and C was 0.16 ± 0.16 mm, 0.18 ± 0.14 mm and 0.22 ± 0.13 mm (P > 0.05). Accuracy of partial point cloud registration: The TRE for Group A, B1, B2, and B3 was 0.47 ± 0.17 mm, 0.70 ± 0.17 mm, 0.70 ± 0.17 mm, 0.86 ± 0.24 mm. (P < 0.001)

Conclusion

The proposed method, based on partial point cloud registration, demonstrated both accuracy and feasibility, offering a foundation for future advancements in transoral robot-assisted surgery of zygoma fracture.

Clinical significance

For transoral robotic-assisted zygoma reduction, the most crucial part is to enable the robot to accurately localize bone fragments following limited surgical exposure. The innovative registration approach based on partial point cloud registration has been proven to possess both accuracy and feasibility, which lays a solid foundation for the future development of transoral robot-assisted surgical techniques in the treatment of zygomatic fractures.

目的：提出一种基于局部点云配准的经口机器人辅助颧骨骨折手术配准方法，并通过模拟实验验证其准确性。方法：本研究分为两个验证阶段。1)部分颧骨面点云配准的可行性。从已建立的规范数据库中选择40组正常CT数据。对颧骨进行分割和三维重建后，提取颧骨表面不同暴露范围的点云（A组：完整颧骨外表面；B组：眶下缘下区域；C组：眶下孔下区域），并采用迭代最近点（ICP）算法对完整颧骨进行配准。计算各组的基准配准误差（FRE）。2)部分点云配准的准确性：选取10例颧骨骨折术前CT扫描。采用基准标记注册作为对照（A组）。使用自行研制并经过验证的双目视觉相机和探头，采集颧骨表面不同曝光范围（B1、B2、B3组）的点云，采用ICP算法进行配准。利用FRE和目标配准误差（Target registration Error， TRE）对不同颧骨表面积的部分点云配准精度进行了比较评价。结果：部分颧面点云配准的可行性：A、B、C组的TRE分别为0.16±0.16 mm、0.18±0.14 mm和0.22±0.13 mm （P < 0.05）。部分点云配准精度：A、B1、B2、B3组的TRE分别为0.47±0.17 mm、0.70±0.17 mm、0.70±0.17 mm、0.86±0.24 mm。结论：基于部分点云配准的方法具有较好的准确性和可行性，为今后经口机器人辅助颧骨骨折手术的进一步发展奠定了基础。临床意义：对于经口机器人辅助颧骨复位，最关键的部分是使机器人能够在有限的手术暴露后准确定位骨碎片。基于部分点云配准的创新配准方法已被证明具有准确性和可行性，为未来经口机器人辅助手术治疗颧骨骨折技术的发展奠定了坚实的基础。

{"title":"Feasibility and accuracy of a partial point cloud registration method for transoral robot-assisted surgery of zygoma fracture: A phantom study","authors":"Hangyu Liu , Bimeng Jie , Chunheng Lu , Haoliang Chen , Junchen Wang , Yang He","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To propose a novel registration method based on partial point cloud registration for transoral robot-assisted zygoma fracture surgery and validate its accuracy via a phantom study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study comprised two validation phases. 1) Feasibility of partial zygomatic surface point cloud registration. Forty sets of normal CT data were selected from an established normative database. After segmentation and 3D reconstruction of zygoma, point clouds from different exposure ranges on the zygomatic bone surface (Group A: Full Zygomatic Bone Outer Surface; Group B: Area Below Infraorbital Margin; and Group C: Area Below Infraorbital Foramen.) were extracted and registered to the intact zygoma using the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The Fiducial Registration Error (FRE) was computed for each group. 2) Accuracy of partial point cloud registration: 10 pre-operative CT scans of zygomatic fractures were selected. Registration using fiducial markers served as the control (Group A). Using a self-developed and previously validated binocular vision camera and probe, point clouds of different exposure range (Group B1, B2, and B3) on the zygomatic bone surface were collected and registered using ICP algorithm. The accuracy of partial point cloud registration for different zygomatic bone surface areas was comparatively evaluated using both FRE and Target Registration Error (TRE).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Feasibility of partial zygomatic surface point cloud registration: The FRE for Group A, B, and C was 0.16 ± 0.16 mm, 0.18 ± 0.14 mm and 0.22 ± 0.13 mm (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Accuracy of partial point cloud registration: The TRE for Group A, B1, B2, and B3 was 0.47 ± 0.17 mm, 0.70 ± 0.17 mm, 0.70 ± 0.17 mm, 0.86 ± 0.24 mm. (<em>P</em> < 0.001)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The proposed method, based on partial point cloud registration, demonstrated both accuracy and feasibility, offering a foundation for future advancements in transoral robot-assisted surgery of zygoma fracture.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>For transoral robotic-assisted zygoma reduction, the most crucial part is to enable the robot to accurately localize bone fragments following limited surgical exposure. The innovative registration approach based on partial point cloud registration has been proven to possess both accuracy and feasibility, which lays a solid foundation for the future development of transoral robot-assisted surgical techniques in the treatment of zygomatic fractures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106533"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical validation of an automated zygomatic implant planning system: An international multicenter study 自动颧骨植入计划系统的临床验证：一项国际多中心研究。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106532

Wenying Wang , Haitao Li , Feng Wang , James Chow , Rubén Davó , Xiaojun Chen , Baoxin Tao , Yiqun Wu

Objective

To validate the performance of a novel automated zygomatic implant (ZI) planning tool (Zygoplanner) in an international multicenter cohort.

Methods

Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans from 69 patients (276 ZIs) who underwent quad zygomatic implant surgery were retrospectively analyzed using Zygoplanner. Automated ZI plans generated by Zygoplanner were compared with the corresponding clinically placed implants. The comparison metrics included three-dimensional bone-to-implant contact (3D-BIC), Zygoma Anatomy-Guided Approach (ZAGA) classification, safety distances to the orbital rim and the inferior border of the zygoma, inter-implant spacing, surgeon subjective assessments, and a blinded Turing test.

Results

Compared with clinically-proved manual plans, Zygoplanner-based automated ZI plans achieved significantly higher 3D-BIC values (p < 0.001). In the internal dataset, automated plans showed slightly shorter orbital rim distances (4.51 vs 5.71 mm, p = 0.022) but significantly greater distances to the inferior zygomatic border (8.21 vs 7.20 mm, p = 0.015). In the external dataset, Zygoplanner demonstrated significantly larger inter-implant spacing (3.01 vs 1.18 mm, p < 0.001). Despite these differences, ZAGA classifications remained consistent between both groups. Subjective evaluations by experienced surgeons yielded high scores for stability (4.63/5), feasibility (4.51/5), and safety (4.25/5). In the blinded Turing test, Zygoplanner-generated plans were identified as human expert in 65.2 % of cases, significantly exceeds the 50 % random guessing threshold (p = 0.0075).

Conclusion

Zygoplanner automatically generates clinically acceptable quad ZI plans with improved 3D-BIC, which effectively reduces the planning complexity and facilitates better preoperative ZI planning.

Clinical Significance

Zygoplanner shows strong potential to automate and standardize quad zygomatic implant planning, thereby improving surgical predictability and safety while simplifying the planning workflow. Its automated workflow supports more consistent outcomes and may broaden access to advanced zygomatic implant rehabilitation for patients with edentulous maxillae.

目的：在一项国际多中心队列研究中验证一种新型的自动化颧骨植入（ZI）计划工具（Zygoplanner）的性能。方法：使用Zygoplanner对69例（276例）接受颧四头骨植入手术的患者的术前CT扫描结果进行回顾性分析。将Zygoplanner生成的自动ZI计划与相应的临床放置种植体进行比较。比较指标包括三维骨与种植体接触（3D-BIC）、颧骨解剖引导入路（ZAGA）分类、到眶缘（d1）和颧骨下缘（d2）的安全距离、种植体间距、外科医生主观评估和盲法图灵测试。结果：与临床计划相比，Zygoplanner获得了更高的3D-BIC值（p < 0.001）。在内部数据集中，自动计划显示眶缘距离略短（4.51 vs 5.71 mm, p = 0.022），但到颧下缘的距离明显较大（8.21 vs 7.20 mm, p = 0.015）。在外部数据集中，Zygoplanner显示出更大的种植体间距（3.01 vs 1.18 mm, p < 0.001）。尽管存在这些差异，ZAGA分类在两组之间保持一致。由经验丰富的外科医生进行的主观评价在稳定性（4.63/5）、可行性（4.51/5）和安全性（4.25/5）方面获得了高分。在盲法图灵测试中，65.2%的情况下，zygoplanner生成的计划被识别为人类专家，显著超过50%的随机猜测阈值（p = 0.0075）。结论：Zygoplanner通过改进的3D-BIC自动生成临床可接受的四边形ZI计划，有效降低了计划复杂性，便于更好地进行术前ZI计划。临床意义：Zygoplanner在四颧植入计划自动化和标准化方面显示出强大的潜力，从而提高手术的可预测性和安全性，同时简化计划工作流程。它的自动化工作流程支持更一致的结果，并可能扩大对无牙上颌患者进行高级种植康复的途径。

{"title":"Clinical validation of an automated zygomatic implant planning system: An international multicenter study","authors":"Wenying Wang , Haitao Li , Feng Wang , James Chow , Rubén Davó , Xiaojun Chen , Baoxin Tao , Yiqun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To validate the performance of a novel automated zygomatic implant (ZI) planning tool (Zygoplanner) in an international multicenter cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans from 69 patients (276 ZIs) who underwent quad zygomatic implant surgery were retrospectively analyzed using Zygoplanner. Automated ZI plans generated by Zygoplanner were compared with the corresponding clinically placed implants. The comparison metrics included three-dimensional bone-to-implant contact (3D-BIC), Zygoma Anatomy-Guided Approach (ZAGA) classification, safety distances to the orbital rim and the inferior border of the zygoma, inter-implant spacing, surgeon subjective assessments, and a blinded Turing test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with clinically-proved manual plans, Zygoplanner-based automated ZI plans achieved significantly higher 3D-BIC values (<em>p</em> < 0.001). In the internal dataset, automated plans showed slightly shorter orbital rim distances (4.51 vs 5.71 mm, <em>p</em> = 0.022) but significantly greater distances to the inferior zygomatic border (8.21 vs 7.20 mm, <em>p</em> = 0.015). In the external dataset, Zygoplanner demonstrated significantly larger inter-implant spacing (3.01 vs 1.18 mm, <em>p</em> < 0.001). Despite these differences, ZAGA classifications remained consistent between both groups. Subjective evaluations by experienced surgeons yielded high scores for stability (4.63/5), feasibility (4.51/5), and safety (4.25/5). In the blinded Turing test, Zygoplanner-generated plans were identified as human expert in 65.2 % of cases, significantly exceeds the 50 % random guessing threshold (<em>p</em> = 0.0075).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Zygoplanner automatically generates clinically acceptable quad ZI plans with improved 3D-BIC, which effectively reduces the planning complexity and facilitates better preoperative ZI planning.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Significance</h3><div>Zygoplanner shows strong potential to automate and standardize quad zygomatic implant planning, thereby improving surgical predictability and safety while simplifying the planning workflow. Its automated workflow supports more consistent outcomes and may broaden access to advanced zygomatic implant rehabilitation for patients with edentulous maxillae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106532"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A pilot study on professional cleansing protocols for PMMA resins produced by CAD/CAM and 3D printing technologies: Effects on surface roughness and color stability 由CAD/CAM和3D打印技术生产的PMMA树脂的专业清洗方案的试点研究：对表面粗糙度和颜色稳定性的影响。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106535

Martina Bonvicini , Davide Silvestri , Antonio Arena , Francesca Zicari , Adolfo Di Fiore , Luca Bortolotti , Luca Lusvarghi , Carlo Monaco

Objectives

This in vitro pilot study evaluated the effects of two professional cleansing protocols on surface roughness and color stability of various resins for complete dentures.

Methods

50 resin specimens were prepared and divided into five groups (n = 10): Probase Hot (PH, Ivoclar AG), IvoBase CAD (IBC, Ivoclar AG), Ivotion Dent (ID, Ivoclar AG), Dima Print Denture Base (DPDB, Kulzer), and Dima Print Denture Teeth (DPDT, Kulzer). After a 7-day immersion in coffee solution, two cleansing protocols were applied: a chemical one using an alkaline solution, and a combined mechanical+chemical one involving an acid-based cleaning agent with a rotating needle device followed by the same chemical protocol. Surface roughness was measured before and after cleaning using a structured light profilometer (Confovis) connected to a microscope (Eclipse LV150N, Nikon). Color stability was assessed with a colorimeter (Easy_Color, SmartVision). One specimen per group underwent SEM analysis at baseline and after both protocols. The data analysis was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc Dunn test for comparison.

Results

Surface roughness was not significantly affected by either protocol (p>0.05). All ΔE values were below the perceptibility threshold (ΔE<1.2), except for ID after both the chemical (ΔE = 2.28) and the mechanical+chemical protocol (ΔE = 2.39) and DPDB after both the chemical (ΔE = 2.06) and the mechanical+chemical protocol (ΔE = 2.33).

Conclusions

Surface roughness and color stability of PMMA resins were not affected by the tested cleansing protocols, so they could be used by clinician during the periodically control visit.

Clinical Significance

The proposed cleansing protocols help preserve the long-term aesthetic and functional integrity of dentures, enhancing patient satisfaction and oral health.

目的：评价两种专业清洗方案对不同树脂全口义齿表面粗糙度和颜色稳定性的影响。方法：制备50个树脂标本，分为Probase Hot （PH, Ivoclar AG）、IvoBase CAD （IBC, Ivoclar AG）、ivtion Dent （ID, Ivoclar AG）、Dima Print义齿基托（DPDB, Kulzer）和Dima Print义齿（DPDT, Kulzer） 5组（n=10）。在咖啡溶液中浸泡7天后，采用了两种清洁方案：一种是使用碱性溶液的化学清洁方案，另一种是机械+化学组合清洁方案，使用酸基清洗剂和旋转针装置，遵循相同的化学方案。使用连接显微镜（Eclipse LV150N, Nikon）的结构光轮廓仪（Confovis）测量清洁前后的表面粗糙度。用色度计（Easy_Color, SmartVision）评估颜色稳定性。在基线和两种方案后，每组各有一个标本进行扫描电镜分析。数据分析采用Kruskal-Wallis检验和post-hoc Dunn检验比较。结果：两种方案对表面粗糙度无显著影响（p < 0.05）。所有ΔE值都低于感知阈值(ΔEConclusions: PMMA树脂的表面粗糙度和颜色稳定性不受测试清洗方案的影响，因此临床医生可以在定期控制访问期间使用它们。临床意义：提出的清洁方案有助于保持义齿的长期美观和功能完整性，提高患者满意度和口腔健康。

{"title":"A pilot study on professional cleansing protocols for PMMA resins produced by CAD/CAM and 3D printing technologies: Effects on surface roughness and color stability","authors":"Martina Bonvicini , Davide Silvestri , Antonio Arena , Francesca Zicari , Adolfo Di Fiore , Luca Bortolotti , Luca Lusvarghi , Carlo Monaco","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This in vitro pilot study evaluated the effects of two professional cleansing protocols on surface roughness and color stability of various resins for complete dentures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>50 resin specimens were prepared and divided into five groups (n = 10): Probase Hot (PH, Ivoclar AG), IvoBase CAD (IBC, Ivoclar AG), Ivotion Dent (ID, Ivoclar AG), Dima Print Denture Base (DPDB, Kulzer), and Dima Print Denture Teeth (DPDT, Kulzer). After a 7-day immersion in coffee solution, two cleansing protocols were applied: a chemical one using an alkaline solution, and a combined mechanical+chemical one involving an acid-based cleaning agent with a rotating needle device followed by the same chemical protocol. Surface roughness was measured before and after cleaning using a structured light profilometer (Confovis) connected to a microscope (Eclipse LV150N, Nikon). Color stability was assessed with a colorimeter (Easy_Color, SmartVision). One specimen per group underwent SEM analysis at baseline and after both protocols. The data analysis was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc Dunn test for comparison.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Surface roughness was not significantly affected by either protocol (p>0.05). All ΔE values were below the perceptibility threshold (ΔE<1.2), except for ID after both the chemical (ΔE = 2.28) and the mechanical+chemical protocol (ΔE = 2.39) and DPDB after both the chemical (ΔE = 2.06) and the mechanical+chemical protocol (ΔE = 2.33).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Surface roughness and color stability of PMMA resins were not affected by the tested cleansing protocols, so they could be used by clinician during the periodically control visit.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Significance</h3><div>The proposed cleansing protocols help preserve the long-term aesthetic and functional integrity of dentures, enhancing patient satisfaction and oral health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106535"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3D-printed resins intended for long-term restoration vs. conventionally used materials: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of in vitro studies 用于长期修复的3d打印树脂与传统使用的材料：体外研究的系统回顾和网络荟萃分析。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106531

Eddy Jhonny Alvarez Lalvay , Fabíola Galbiatti de Carvalho , Antoni Raupp da Silva , Francisco Amaro Cruz Morganti , Fabrício Mezzomo Collares , Eliseu Aldrighi Münchow

Objectives

This systematic review with network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluated whether three-dimensional (3D) printed resin-based composites (RBCs) intended for long-term dental restorations perform similarly or superiorly to conventional restorative materials.

Data sources

The review followed the PRISMA extension for NMA. Six electronic databases were searched up to November 2025.

Study selection

In vitro studies assessing at least one commercially available 3D-printed RBC for long-term dental restorations and at least one conventional restorative material were eligible. Methodological quality was assessed using the RoBDEMAT tool, and data were synthesized using Bayesian NMA.

Results

From 2299 records, 50 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 40 were included in the meta-analyses. Across mechanical, physical, reproducibility, and optical outcomes, 3D-printed RBCs generally performed similarly to or worse than most conventional materials. However, they demonstrated superior marginal and internal fit compared with glass ceramics, polymer-infiltrated ceramic networks, and polymeric restoratives, except when compared with direct RBCs, indicating enhanced dimensional accuracy.

Conclusions

Although 3D printing achieved superior trueness and internal/marginal fit relative to most conventional restorative materials, the inferior mechanical performance, suboptimal microstructural characteristics, and limited optical stability of 3D-printed resins underscore the need for improvements in material formulation, post-curing strategies, and finishing and polishing protocols.

Clinical significance

At present, 3D-printed resins for long-term single-unit restorations do not yet match the overall performance of established conventional restorative systems.

目的：本系统综述采用网络荟萃分析（NMA）评估用于长期牙科修复的三维（3D）打印树脂基复合材料（红细胞）是否与传统修复材料具有相似或优越的性能。数据来源：本综述遵循PRISMA对NMA的扩展。截至2025年11月，检索了六个电子数据库。研究选择：评估至少一种商用3d打印红细胞用于长期牙科修复和至少一种传统修复材料的体外研究符合条件。使用RoBDEMAT工具评估方法学质量，并使用贝叶斯NMA对数据进行综合。结果：在2299项记录中，有50项研究符合纳入标准，其中40项被纳入meta分析。在机械、物理、可重复性和光学结果方面，3d打印红细胞的性能通常与大多数传统材料相似或更差。然而，与玻璃陶瓷、聚合物浸润陶瓷网络和聚合物修复剂相比，它们表现出更好的边缘和内部配合，除了与直接红细胞相比，这表明尺寸精度更高。结论：尽管与大多数传统修复材料相比，3D打印获得了更好的真性和内部/边缘贴合，但3D打印树脂的机械性能较差，微观结构特征不佳，光学稳定性有限，因此需要改进材料配方，后固化策略以及精加工和抛光方案。临床意义：目前，用于长期单单元修复体的3d打印树脂的整体性能还不能与已建立的传统修复体系统相匹配。

{"title":"3D-printed resins intended for long-term restoration vs. conventionally used materials: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of in vitro studies","authors":"Eddy Jhonny Alvarez Lalvay , Fabíola Galbiatti de Carvalho , Antoni Raupp da Silva , Francisco Amaro Cruz Morganti , Fabrício Mezzomo Collares , Eliseu Aldrighi Münchow","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This systematic review with network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluated whether three-dimensional (3D) printed resin-based composites (RBCs) intended for long-term dental restorations perform similarly or superiorly to conventional restorative materials.</div></div><div><h3>Data sources</h3><div>The review followed the PRISMA extension for NMA. Six electronic databases were searched up to November 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Study selection</h3><div><em>In vitro</em> studies assessing at least one commercially available 3D-printed RBC for long-term dental restorations and at least one conventional restorative material were eligible. Methodological quality was assessed using the RoBDEMAT tool, and data were synthesized using Bayesian NMA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2299 records, 50 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 40 were included in the meta-analyses. Across mechanical, physical, reproducibility, and optical outcomes, 3D-printed RBCs generally performed similarly to or worse than most conventional materials. However, they demonstrated superior marginal and internal fit compared with glass ceramics, polymer-infiltrated ceramic networks, and polymeric restoratives, except when compared with direct RBCs, indicating enhanced dimensional accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although 3D printing achieved superior trueness and internal/marginal fit relative to most conventional restorative materials, the inferior mechanical performance, suboptimal microstructural characteristics, and limited optical stability of 3D-printed resins underscore the need for improvements in material formulation, post-curing strategies, and finishing and polishing protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>At present, 3D-printed resins for long-term single-unit restorations do not yet match the overall performance of established conventional restorative systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106531"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antibacterial and mineralising properties of silver complex fluoride on enamel caries: An in vitro study 复合氟化银对牙釉质龋的抗菌和矿化特性：体外研究。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106534

Grace Y Xu , Iris X Yin , Irene S Zhao , Christie YK Lung , Edward CM Lo , Chun Hung Chu

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and mineralising effects of silver complex fluoride (SCF) on enamel.

Methods

Sound human enamel blocks were prepared and subjected to Streptococcus mutans–induced demineralisation to create artificial caries. Blocks were treated with SCF, 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF), or deionised water and underwent a 21-day pH-cycling. Biofilm morphology, viability, and quantification were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. Remineralisation effects were assessed by SEM, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), Knoop microhardness, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Results

SEM images showed dense bacterial biofilm on water-treated enamel, but minimal growth on SCF- or SDF-treated surfaces. CLSM indicated higher dead/live cell ratios in SCF (0.75 ± 0.22) and SDF (0.83 ± 0.25) groups than water (0.43 ± 0.22; p < 0.001). Log CFU values for SCF, SDF, and water were 6.90 ± 0.09, 6.74 ± 0.23, and 7.78 ± 0.13, respectively (p < 0.001, SCF, SDF < Water). Lesion depths (μm) were 91 ± 36, 89 ± 24, and 186 ± 34 (p < 0.001; SCF, SDF < Water), while mineral loss (gHA pcm⁻³) was 0.43 ± 0.13, 0.40 ± 0.14, and 1.32 ± 0.21 (p < 0.001; SCF, SDF < Water) for SCF, SDF, and water, respectively. Knoop hardness was significantly higher in SCF (70 ± 2) and SDF (72 ± 7) than water (25 ± 6; p < 0.05). XRD confirmed well-crystallised hydroxyapatite in SCF- and SDF-treated enamel but not in water-treated samples.

Conclusion

SCF demonstrates antibacterial and mineralising properties comparable to SDF.

Clinical significance

Adoption of SCF may expand silver-based caries prevention by improving patient acceptance without compromising appearance.

目的：研究络合氟化银（SCF）对牙釉质的抗菌和矿化作用。方法：制备良好的人牙釉质块，进行变形链球菌诱导脱矿制备人工龋。用SCF、38%氟化银二胺（SDF）或去离子水处理block，并进行21天的ph循环。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）和菌落形成单位（CFU）计数对生物膜形态、活力和定量进行分析。再矿化效果通过扫描电镜（SEM）、显微计算机断层扫描（micro-CT）、Knoop显微硬度和x射线衍射（XRD）进行评估。结果：扫描电镜图像显示，水处理过的牙釉质表面有致密的细菌生物膜，但SCF或sdf处理过的牙釉质表面生长很少。CLSM显示，SCF组（0.75±0.22）和SDF组（0.83±0.25）的死活细胞比高于水组（0.43±0.22,p < 0.001）。SCF、SDF和水的Log CFU值分别为6.90±0.09、6.74±0.23和7.78±0.13（结论：SCF具有与SDF相当的抗菌和矿化性能）。临床意义：采用SCF可以在不影响外观的情况下提高患者的接受度，从而扩大银基龋的预防。

{"title":"Antibacterial and mineralising properties of silver complex fluoride on enamel caries: An in vitro study","authors":"Grace Y Xu , Iris X Yin , Irene S Zhao , Christie YK Lung , Edward CM Lo , Chun Hung Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and mineralising effects of silver complex fluoride (SCF) on enamel.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sound human enamel blocks were prepared and subjected to Streptococcus mutans–induced demineralisation to create artificial caries. Blocks were treated with SCF, 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF), or deionised water and underwent a 21-day pH-cycling. Biofilm morphology, viability, and quantification were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. Remineralisation effects were assessed by SEM, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), Knoop microhardness, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SEM images showed dense bacterial biofilm on water-treated enamel, but minimal growth on SCF- or SDF-treated surfaces. CLSM indicated higher dead/live cell ratios in SCF (0.75 ± 0.22) and SDF (0.83 ± 0.25) groups than water (0.43 ± 0.22; p < 0.001). Log CFU values for SCF, SDF, and water were 6.90 ± 0.09, 6.74 ± 0.23, and 7.78 ± 0.13, respectively (p < 0.001, SCF, SDF < Water). Lesion depths (μm) were 91 ± 36, 89 ± 24, and 186 ± 34 (p < 0.001; SCF, SDF < Water), while mineral loss (gHA pcm⁻³) was 0.43 ± 0.13, 0.40 ± 0.14, and 1.32 ± 0.21 (p < 0.001; SCF, SDF < Water) for SCF, SDF, and water, respectively. Knoop hardness was significantly higher in SCF (70 ± 2) and SDF (72 ± 7) than water (25 ± 6; p < 0.05). XRD confirmed well-crystallised hydroxyapatite in SCF- and SDF-treated enamel but not in water-treated samples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SCF demonstrates antibacterial and mineralising properties comparable to SDF.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Adoption of SCF may expand silver-based caries prevention by improving patient acceptance without compromising appearance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106534"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the accuracy of Robotic arm and Dynamic Navigation in the placement of mandibular dental implants: An in-vitro study 机械臂与动态导航在下颌种植体植入中的准确性比较：一项体外研究。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106527

Bander N. Al-Meshary , Mohammed Y. Al-Jarsha , Kurt B Naudi , Ashraf Ayoub

Objective

To compare the spatial accuracy between Robotic Computer-Assisted implant Surgery (R-CAIS) and Dynamic Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery (D-CAIS) for placement of dental implants.

Methods

The study was carried out on twelve polyurethane mandibular models which were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6): D-CAIS (group 1) and R-CAIS (group 2). In group 1 the placement of two mandibular implants was carried out manually guided by dynamic navigation. In group 2, the placement of the two mandibular implants was achieved using a robotic arm. The postoperative Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were superimposed on the predication planning to calculate the errors of the placement of the implants at entry point and at the apex as well as any angulation deviation. The statistical significance of the placement errors was assessed using Student t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests (p < 0.05) for parametric and non-parametric measurements, respectively.

Results

D-CAIS group cases showed significantly lower entry and apex deviations (0.99 ± 0.33 mm; 0.77 ± 0.34 mm) compared to the R-CAIS group (1.82 ± 0.50 mm; 1.30 ± 0.51 mm). Angular deviation was comparable between the two groups (3.97 ± 2.40° vs 4.33 ± 1.83°; p = 0.51). The standard deviations of the linear placement errors (entry and apex) were smaller in the D-CAIS group, whereas the standard deviation of the angular deviation was smaller in the R-CAIS group. Although the angular deviation differed slightly between the two approaches, the results showed no statistically significant difference. The measured implant placement errors of the two approaches were clinically acceptable (< 2 mm; < 5°). The measured errors are likely to be secondary to the registration process which was more complex with the application of the robotic arm for the placement of the implants.

Conclusion

D-CAIS demonstrated higher accuracy in mandibular implant placement, particularly in terms of linear deviations, while R-CAIS showed greater consistency in angular measurements despite no significant difference between groups. Overall, the observed deviations were small and are of limited clinical significance. These findings reflect system-level performance in a controlled laboratory setting, further clinical studies are required to validate these results.

Clinical significance

The study investigated the challenges and opportunities of the clinical application of dynamic navigation and robotic arm for the placement of dental implants. It informs the reader with the related technical details and the digital workflow for each of these two innovative techniques.

目的：比较机器人计算机辅助种植手术（R-CAIS）和动态计算机辅助种植手术（D-CAIS）在种植体放置中的空间精度。方法：将12只聚氨酯下颌骨模型随机分为两组（n = 6）：D-CAIS组（1组）和R-CAIS组（2组）。组1采用动态导航人工引导植入2颗下颌种植体。在第二组中，使用机械臂植入两个下颌种植体。术后锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）扫描叠加在预测计划上，以计算植入物在入口点和顶点的放置误差以及任何角度偏差。参数测量和非参数测量分别采用Student t检验和Mann-Whitney U检验（p < 0.05）评估放置误差的统计学显著性。结果：与R-CAIS组（1.82±0.50 mm; 1.30±0.51 mm）相比，D-CAIS组1患者入尖偏差（0.99±0.33 mm; 0.77±0.34 mm）明显降低。两组的角度偏差具有可比性（3.97°±2.40 vs 4.33°±1.83;p = 0.51）。直线放置误差（入口和顶点）的标准差在D-CAIS组较小，角偏差的标准差在R-CAIS组较小。虽然两种方法的角度偏差略有不同，但结果没有统计学上的显著差异。测量的两种入路种植体放置误差均为临床可接受的（< 2mm; < 5°）。测量误差可能是次要的配准过程，这是更复杂的应用机械臂植入物的位置。结论：D-CAIS在下颌种植体放置方面具有更高的准确性，特别是在线性偏差方面，而R-CAIS在角度测量方面具有更高的一致性，但组间无显著差异。总的来说，观察到的偏差很小，临床意义有限。这些发现反映了在受控实验室环境下的系统级性能，需要进一步的临床研究来验证这些结果。

{"title":"Comparison of the accuracy of Robotic arm and Dynamic Navigation in the placement of mandibular dental implants: An in-vitro study","authors":"Bander N. Al-Meshary , Mohammed Y. Al-Jarsha , Kurt B Naudi , Ashraf Ayoub","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the spatial accuracy between Robotic Computer-Assisted implant Surgery (R-CAIS) and Dynamic Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery (D-CAIS) for placement of dental implants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was carried out on twelve polyurethane mandibular models which were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6): D-CAIS (group 1) and R-CAIS (group 2). In group 1 the placement of two mandibular implants was carried out manually guided by dynamic navigation. In group 2, the placement of the two mandibular implants was achieved using a robotic arm. The postoperative Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were superimposed on the predication planning to calculate the errors of the placement of the implants at entry point and at the apex as well as any angulation deviation. The statistical significance of the placement errors was assessed using Student <em>t</em>-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests (<em>p</em> < 0.05) for parametric and non-parametric measurements, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>D-CAIS group cases showed significantly lower entry and apex deviations (0.99 ± 0.33 mm; 0.77 ± 0.34 mm) compared to the R-CAIS group (1.82 ± 0.50 mm; 1.30 ± 0.51 mm). Angular deviation was comparable between the two groups (3.97 ± 2.40° vs 4.33 ± 1.83°; <em>p</em> = 0.51). The standard deviations of the linear placement errors (entry and apex) were smaller in the D-CAIS group, whereas the standard deviation of the angular deviation was smaller in the R-CAIS group. Although the angular deviation differed slightly between the two approaches, the results showed no statistically significant difference. The measured implant placement errors of the two approaches were clinically acceptable (< 2 mm; <strong><</strong> 5°). The measured errors are likely to be secondary to the registration process which was more complex with the application of the robotic arm for the placement of the implants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>D-CAIS demonstrated higher accuracy in mandibular implant placement, particularly in terms of linear deviations, while R-CAIS showed greater consistency in angular measurements despite no significant difference between groups. Overall, the observed deviations were small and are of limited clinical significance. These findings reflect system-level performance in a controlled laboratory setting, further clinical studies are required to validate these results.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>The study investigated the challenges and opportunities of the clinical application of dynamic navigation and robotic arm for the placement of dental implants. It informs the reader with the related technical details and the digital workflow for each of these two innovative techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106527"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146093287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antibacterial and demineralisation-inhibiting properties of silver complex fluoride on dentine caries: an in vitro study 复合氟化银对牙本质龋的抗菌和脱矿抑制性能：体外研究。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106528

Grace Y Xu , Iris X Yin , Irene S Zhao , Christie YK Lung , Edward CM Lo , Chun Hung Chu

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and demineralisation-inhibiting effects of a non-discolouring silver complex fluoride (SCF) on artificial dentine caries.

Methods

Dentine blocks with artificial carious lesions were treated with SCF, silver diamine fluoride (SDF, as positive control), and water (as negative control). Then the blocks underwent Streptococcus mutans biofilm and pH–cycling for 7 days. The morphology, viability and growth kinetics of the biofilm were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, respectively. The dentine surface morphology, lesion depths and mineral loss, chemical structure and crystal characteristics were determined using SEM, micro-computed tomography, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. One-way analysis of variance with the Bonferroni post hoc test was performed to assess and compare the data.

Results

SEM revealed confluent bacterial growth covering the surface of dentine treated with water but not SCF and SDF. CLSM showed that the dead-to-live ratios of biofilms treated with SCF, SDF, and water were 0.77 ± 0.16, 0.88 ± 0.40, and 0.44 ± 0.03, respectively (p < 0.001, SCF, SDF>Water). The Log CFU values of the biofilm treated with SCF, SDF and water were 6.7 ± 0.1, 6.6 ± 0.2 and 7.8 ± 0.1 (p < 0.001, SCF, SDF<Water). SEM images showed Group SCF had less exposed dentine collagen fibers than Group Water. Micro-computed tomography showed the lesion-depth (μm) of dentine treated with SCF, SDF and water were 40±5, 35±8 and 180±20 (p < 0.001, SCF, SDF<Water). The mineral loss (gHApcm⁻³) of dentine treated with SCF, SDF and water were 0.24±0.05, 0.20±0.03 and 0.45±0.03 (p < 0.001, SCF, SDF<Water). FTIR showed the amide I-to-hydrogen phosphate ratios of dentine treated with SCF, SDF and water were 0.25±0.03, 0.22±0.03, and 0.43±0.05 (p < 0.001, SCF, SDF<Water). XRD revealed that the hydroxyapatite in SDF and SCF groups was better crystallised than that of water Group.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that SCF inhibited the growth of S. mutans biofilm and reduced the demineralisation of artificial dentine caries.

Clinical significance

If SCF is successfully translated into clinical application, it may be a novel anti-caries agent for clinicians to arrest dentine caries

目的：研究不变色的络合氟化银（SCF）对人工牙本质龋的抗菌和抑制脱矿作用。方法：采用SCF、氟化二胺银（SDF）作为阳性对照、水作为阴性对照治疗人工龋齿牙本质块。然后进行变形链球菌生物膜和ph循环7 d。分别采用扫描电镜（SEM）、共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）和菌落形成单位（CFU）计数对生物膜的形态、活力和生长动力学进行评价。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、显微计算机断层扫描（micro-computed tomography）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）和x射线衍射（XRD）对牙本质块的牙本质表面形貌、损伤深度和矿物损失、化学结构和晶体特征进行了测定。采用Bonferroni事后检验进行单因素方差分析以评估和比较数据。结果：扫描电镜显示，水处理后的牙本质表面有融合生长的细菌，但SCF和SDF没有。CLSM结果显示，经SCF、SDF和水处理后的生物膜的死活比分别为0.77±0.16、0.88±0.40和0.44±0.03 （pWater）。SCF、SDF和水处理后的生物膜的Log CFU值分别为6.7±0.1、6.6±0.2和7.8±0.1 (p-3)， SCF、SDF和水处理后的生物膜的Log CFU值分别为0.24±0.05、0.20±0.03和0.45±0.03 （p-3）。结论：SCF抑制变形链球菌生物膜的生长，抑制人工牙本质龋的脱矿。临床意义：如果SCF成功转化为临床应用，可能成为临床医生抑制牙本质龋病的新型抗龋剂。

{"title":"Antibacterial and demineralisation-inhibiting properties of silver complex fluoride on dentine caries: an in vitro study","authors":"Grace Y Xu , Iris X Yin , Irene S Zhao , Christie YK Lung , Edward CM Lo , Chun Hung Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and demineralisation-inhibiting effects of a non-discolouring silver complex fluoride (SCF) on artificial dentine caries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dentine blocks with artificial carious lesions were treated with SCF, silver diamine fluoride (SDF, as positive control), and water (as negative control). Then the blocks underwent <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> biofilm and pH–cycling for 7 days. The morphology, viability and growth kinetics of the biofilm were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, respectively. The dentine surface morphology, lesion depths and mineral loss, chemical structure and crystal characteristics were determined using SEM, micro-computed tomography, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. One-way analysis of variance with the Bonferroni post hoc test was performed to assess and compare the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SEM revealed confluent bacterial growth covering the surface of dentine treated with water but not SCF and SDF. CLSM showed that the dead-to-live ratios of biofilms treated with SCF, SDF, and water were 0.77 ± 0.16, 0.88 ± 0.40, and 0.44 ± 0.03, respectively (<em>p</em> < 0.001, SCF, SDF>Water). The Log CFU values of the biofilm treated with SCF, SDF and water were 6.7 ± 0.1, 6.6 ± 0.2 and 7.8 ± 0.1 (<em>p</em> < 0.001, SCF, SDF<Water). SEM images showed Group SCF had less exposed dentine collagen fibers than Group Water. Micro-computed tomography showed the lesion-depth (μm) of dentine treated with SCF, SDF and water were 40±5, 35±8 and 180±20 (<em>p</em> < 0.001, SCF, SDF<Water). The mineral loss (gHApcm<sup>−3</sup>) of dentine treated with SCF, SDF and water were 0.24±0.05, 0.20±0.03 and 0.45±0.03 (<em>p</em> < 0.001, SCF, SDF<Water). FTIR showed the amide I-to-hydrogen phosphate ratios of dentine treated with SCF, SDF and water were 0.25±0.03, 0.22±0.03, and 0.43±0.05 (<em>p</em> < 0.001, SCF, SDF<Water). XRD revealed that the hydroxyapatite in SDF and SCF groups was better crystallised than that of water Group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrated that SCF inhibited the growth of <em>S. mutans</em> biofilm and reduced the demineralisation of artificial dentine caries.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>If SCF is successfully translated into clinical application, it may be a novel anti-caries agent for clinicians to arrest dentine caries</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106528"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between single point aMMP8 levels and previous periodontal disease progression – a long-term follow-up after 10 years in patients with stage III/IV periodontitis 单点aMMP8水平与既往牙周病进展之间的关系——对III/IV期牙周炎患者10年后的长期随访

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106526

Sophie Gänesch , Caspar Victor Bumm , Florian Nagler , Christina Ern , Richard Heym , Iris Frasheri , Thomas Spinell , Charlotte Wetzel , Julia Diegelmann , Vinay Pitchika , Falk Schwendicke , Nils Werner , Matthias Folwaczny

Background

To investigate the association of active matrix-metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) levels in total oral fluid (TOF), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and periodontal disease progression in the last 10 years in a cohort of patients with stage III/IV periodontitis.

Methods

47 patients receiving steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy with an observation period of over 10 years were included. Levels of current aMMP-8 in TOF, GCF and serum were determined at a single point at the ten-year follow-up. Past periodontal disease progression was characterized by clinical attachment loss over 10 years. For statistical analysis, linear regression models along with binary logistic regression models to analyze the progression rate based on age, gender, smoking, diabetes, full mouth bleeding score (FMBS), and T2 aMMP-8 levels were performed.

Results

At T2, the median patient age was 73 years [67; 79], with a mean attachment loss of 1.5 mm [1.0; 2.1] over the observation period. aMMP-8 levels did not differ between patients with mild and moderate disease progression. In multivariate linear regression, aMMP-8 levels were not associated with mean attachment loss. In contrast, sex, non-smoking status, and FMBS showed significant associations with past progression. Classification models for GCF and serum aMMP-8 expression yielded the highest accuracy (ROC = 0.80) for the binary assessment into mild and moderate progression, although this did not differ significantly from the model based on covariates alone (ROC = 0.75).

Conclusion

Current aMMP-8 levels determined at a single point were not associated with past periodontal disease progression during a 10-year period. Clinical factors such as sex, non-smoking status, and FMBS showed a stronger association with past progression.

Clinical Significance

Biomarkers might improve the precision of periodontal diagnosis and monitoring; however, evidence is limited regarding their association with disease progression. Active-MMP-8 has gained increasing interest in recent years.

背景：研究过去10年一组III/IV期牙周炎患者口腔总液（TOF）、龈沟液（GCF）中活性基质金属蛋白酶-8 （aMMP-8）水平与牙周病进展的关系。方法：对47例接受牙周治疗第1、2步的患者进行观察，观察期10年以上。TOF、GCF和血清中当前aMMP-8的水平在10年随访中一次性测定。过去的牙周病进展的特点是临床依附丧失超过10年。统计分析采用线性回归模型和二元logistic回归模型分析基于年龄、性别、吸烟、糖尿病、全口出血评分（FMBS）和T2 aMMP-8水平的进展率。结果：T2时，患者中位年龄为73岁[67；79]，平均附着损失为1.5 mm [1.0；2.1]在观测期内。aMMP-8水平在轻度和中度疾病进展患者之间没有差异。在多元线性回归中，aMMP-8水平与平均依恋损失无关。相反，性别、不吸烟状况和FMBS与过去的进展有显著关联。GCF和血清aMMP-8表达的分类模型对于轻度和中度进展的二元评估具有最高的准确性（ROC = 0.80），尽管这与仅基于协变量的模型（ROC = 0.75）没有显着差异。结论：目前单点测定的aMMP-8水平与过去10年期间牙周病进展无关。临床因素如性别、不吸烟状况和FMBS与过去的进展有更强的关联。临床意义：生物标志物可提高牙周诊断和监测的准确性；然而，关于它们与疾病进展的关系的证据有限。近年来，活性- mmp -8引起了越来越多的关注。

{"title":"Association between single point aMMP8 levels and previous periodontal disease progression – a long-term follow-up after 10 years in patients with stage III/IV periodontitis","authors":"Sophie Gänesch , Caspar Victor Bumm , Florian Nagler , Christina Ern , Richard Heym , Iris Frasheri , Thomas Spinell , Charlotte Wetzel , Julia Diegelmann , Vinay Pitchika , Falk Schwendicke , Nils Werner , Matthias Folwaczny","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To investigate the association of active matrix-metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) levels in total oral fluid (TOF), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and periodontal disease progression in the last 10 years in a cohort of patients with stage III/IV periodontitis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>47 patients receiving steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy with an observation period of over 10 years were included. Levels of current aMMP-8 in TOF, GCF and serum were determined at a single point at the ten-year follow-up. Past periodontal disease progression was characterized by clinical attachment loss over 10 years. For statistical analysis, linear regression models along with binary logistic regression models to analyze the progression rate based on age, gender, smoking, diabetes, full mouth bleeding score (FMBS), and T2 aMMP-8 levels were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At T2, the median patient age was 73 years [67; 79], with a mean attachment loss of 1.5 mm [1.0; 2.1] over the observation period. aMMP-8 levels did not differ between patients with mild and moderate disease progression. In multivariate linear regression, aMMP-8 levels were not associated with mean attachment loss. In contrast, sex, non-smoking status, and FMBS showed significant associations with past progression. Classification models for GCF and serum aMMP-8 expression yielded the highest accuracy (ROC = 0.80) for the binary assessment into mild and moderate progression, although this did not differ significantly from the model based on covariates alone (ROC = 0.75).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Current aMMP-8 levels determined at a single point were not associated with past periodontal disease progression during a 10-year period. Clinical factors such as sex, non-smoking status, and FMBS showed a stronger association with past progression.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Significance</h3><div>Biomarkers might improve the precision of periodontal diagnosis and monitoring; however, evidence is limited regarding their association with disease progression. Active-MMP-8 has gained increasing interest in recent years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106526"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial aging-induced changes in surface properties of experimental bioactive glass-containing composites 人工老化诱导实验生物活性玻璃复合材料表面性能的变化。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106525

Matej Par , Andrea Gubler , Danijela Marovic , Zrinka Tarle , Thomas Attin , Tobias T. Tauböck

Objective

To determine how artificial aging affects microhardness (MH), surface roughness (Ra), and surface micromorphology of experimental bioactive glass (BG)-containing resin composites functionalized with either conventional BG 45S5 (C-series) or a low-sodium fluoride-containing BG (F-series).

Methods

Seven experimental composites were prepared (Control; 5, 10, 20 wt% BG within each series; total filler load 70 wt%) based on a Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (60:40) resin matrix. Light-cured composite specimens were aged in simulated body fluid (SBF, pH 7.4), lactic acid solution (LA, pH 4.0), ethanol/water solution (75% EtOH), 0.1 M NaOH solution (pH 13.0), or thermocycled 10,000 cycles (5–55°C). MH and Ra were measured at baseline, 1, 3, 7, and 30 days, and specimen surfaces were examined by SEM/EDS. Ultrasonication was used to remove loosely bound surface deposits, after which MH, Ra, and SEM/EDS were re-measured.

Results

MH degradation ranked SBF<LA<EtOH< NaOH. In the C-series, MH declined with increasing content of BG 45S5 under all aging conditions. In contrast, the F-series (5–20 wt%) maintained MH values statistically similar to Control in SBF, LA, EtOH, and after thermocycling. Ra increased for BG-containing materials in SBF, LA, EtOH, and after thermocycling, whereas NaOH significantly increased Ra for all materials, including Control. After ultrasonication, all F-series Ra values were below 0.2 µm, indicating clinically acceptable surface smoothness. SEM analysis showed apatite-like precipitates in SBF, dissolution pits in LA, interfacial cracking and occasional particle detachment in EtOH, and extensive filler loss with pronounced erosion in NaOH.

Conclusions

Under accelerated aging, F-BG composites maintained MH and clinically acceptable smoothness more reliably than 45S5 formulations, with limited roughening under neutral and mildly acidic conditions.

Clinical relevance

Composites with low-sodium fluoride-containing BG maintained microhardness comparable to the control composite and post-ultrasonication roughness below 0.2 µm, supporting their potential as ion-releasing restoratives with clinically acceptable surfaces.

目的：研究人工老化对含生物活性玻璃（BG）树脂复合材料的显微硬度（MH）、表面粗糙度（Ra）和表面微观形貌的影响，这些复合材料分别由常规BG 45S5 （c系列）和含低氟化钠BG （f系列）功能化。方法：以Bis-GMA/TEGDMA（60:40）树脂为基体，制备了7种实验复合材料（对照，每个系列中BG含量分别为5、10、20 wt%，总填充量为70 wt%）。光固化复合材料试样分别在模拟体液（SBF, pH 7.4）、乳酸溶液（LA, pH 4.0）、乙醇/水溶液（75% EtOH）、0.1 M NaOH溶液（pH 13.0）或热循环10000次（5-55℃）中老化。在基线、1、3、7和30天测量MH和Ra，并通过SEM/EDS检测样品表面。超声去除松散结合的表面沉积物，然后重新测量MH， Ra和SEM/EDS。结论：在加速老化条件下，F-BG复合材料比45S5配方更可靠地保持MH和临床可接受的光滑度，在中性和轻度酸性条件下粗糙度有限。临床意义：含有低氟化钠BG的复合材料的显微硬度与对照复合材料相当，超声后粗糙度低于0.2µm，支持其作为具有临床可接受表面的离子释放修复材料的潜力。

{"title":"Artificial aging-induced changes in surface properties of experimental bioactive glass-containing composites","authors":"Matej Par , Andrea Gubler , Danijela Marovic , Zrinka Tarle , Thomas Attin , Tobias T. Tauböck","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine how artificial aging affects microhardness (MH), surface roughness (Ra), and surface micromorphology of experimental bioactive glass (BG)-containing resin composites functionalized with either conventional BG 45S5 (C-series) or a low-sodium fluoride-containing BG (F-series).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seven experimental composites were prepared (Control; 5, 10, 20 wt% BG within each series; total filler load 70 wt%) based on a Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (60:40) resin matrix. Light-cured composite specimens were aged in simulated body fluid (SBF, pH 7.4), lactic acid solution (LA, pH 4.0), ethanol/water solution (75% EtOH), 0.1 M NaOH solution (pH 13.0), or thermocycled 10,000 cycles (5–55°C). MH and Ra were measured at baseline, 1, 3, 7, and 30 days, and specimen surfaces were examined by SEM/EDS. Ultrasonication was used to remove loosely bound surface deposits, after which MH, Ra, and SEM/EDS were re-measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MH degradation ranked SBF<LA<EtOH< NaOH. In the C-series, MH declined with increasing content of BG 45S5 under all aging conditions. In contrast, the F-series (5–20 wt%) maintained MH values statistically similar to Control in SBF, LA, EtOH, and after thermocycling. Ra increased for BG-containing materials in SBF, LA, EtOH, and after thermocycling, whereas NaOH significantly increased Ra for all materials, including Control. After ultrasonication, all F-series Ra values were below 0.2 µm, indicating clinically acceptable surface smoothness. SEM analysis showed apatite-like precipitates in SBF, dissolution pits in LA, interfacial cracking and occasional particle detachment in EtOH, and extensive filler loss with pronounced erosion in NaOH.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Under accelerated aging, F-BG composites maintained MH and clinically acceptable smoothness more reliably than 45S5 formulations, with limited roughening under neutral and mildly acidic conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><div>Composites with low-sodium fluoride-containing BG maintained microhardness comparable to the control composite and post-ultrasonication roughness below 0.2 µm, supporting their potential as ion-releasing restoratives with clinically acceptable surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106525"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146085972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0