Pub Date : 2015-09-14DOI: 10.4172/2329-6631.1000134
Deepak Gupta, Raman Sharma
Anti-thrombotic drugs generally refer to the group of drugs that prevent either occurrence or enlargement of a thrombus. They can be broadly divided into anti-coagulant (AC) and anti-platelet agents. Alternatively, some anti-thrombotics specifically referred to as thrombolytic, can act by dissolving already existing clots. ACs plays a very significant role in pharmacotherapy and oral ACs is major players in outpatient settings. Main focus of this article will be on oral ACs including application and comparison of newer agents with warfarin, which is still considered a gold standard in AC therapy.
{"title":"An Update on Oral Anti-coagulants","authors":"Deepak Gupta, Raman Sharma","doi":"10.4172/2329-6631.1000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6631.1000134","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-thrombotic drugs generally refer to the group of drugs that prevent either occurrence or enlargement of a thrombus. They can be broadly divided into anti-coagulant (AC) and anti-platelet agents. Alternatively, some anti-thrombotics specifically referred to as thrombolytic, can act by dissolving already existing clots. ACs plays a very significant role in pharmacotherapy and oral ACs is major players in outpatient settings. Main focus of this article will be on oral ACs including application and comparison of newer agents with warfarin, which is still considered a gold standard in AC therapy.","PeriodicalId":15589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Drugs","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81409264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-28DOI: 10.4172/2329-6631.1000133
M. Trivedi, R. M. Tallapragada, A. Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, G. Nayak, R. Mishra, S. Jana
2, 6-Diaminopyridine (2, 6-DAP) has extensive use in synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. The objective of present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and spectral properties of 2, 6-DAP. The study was performed in two groups, control and treated. The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treatment group. The control and treated 2, 6-DAP samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Laser particle size analyzer, surface area analyzer, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD analysis revealed decrease in intensity of the peaks of treated 2, 6-DAP with respect to control. Unit cell volume and molecular weight were decreased by 2.97% and 2.98% respectively in treated 2, 6-DAP as compared to control. Crystallite size was decreased by 24.70% in treated 2, 6-DAP with respect to control. DSC analysis showed no significant change in melting temperature of treated 2, 6-DAP with respect to control. Nevertheless, the treated 2, 6-DAP showed significant increase in latent heat of fusion by 35.52% as compared to control 2, 6-DAP. TGA analysis showed decrease in percent weight loss of the treated 2, 6-DAP in comparison with control. Additionally, substantial increase in maximum thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax) was observed in treated 2, 6-DAP (203.52°C) as compared with control 2, 6-DAP (186.84°C). Particle size analysis results showed a substantial decrease in d50 (average particle size) and d99 (size exhibited by 99% of the particles) of the treated 2, 6-DAP by 20.5 and 57.4%, respectively as compared to control. Additionally, the BET analysis showed substantial increase in surface area of treated 2, 6-DAP by 75.58% as compared to control. FT-IR spectrum of treated 2, 6-DAP showed alteration in O-H stretching (3390→3370 cm-1), C-H stretching (3132→3138 cm-1) and N-H bending (1637→1604 cm-1) vibration peaks with respect to control. However, UV-visible analysis of treated 2, 6-DAP showed no significant changes in absorption peaks (λ max) with respect to control. Overall, the results demonstrated that biofield has significant impact on the physical, thermal and spectral properties of the treated 2, 6-DAP.
{"title":"Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Spectral Properties of Biofield Treated 2, 6-Diaminopyridine","authors":"M. Trivedi, R. M. Tallapragada, A. Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, G. Nayak, R. Mishra, S. Jana","doi":"10.4172/2329-6631.1000133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6631.1000133","url":null,"abstract":"2, 6-Diaminopyridine (2, 6-DAP) has extensive use in synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. The objective of present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and spectral properties of 2, 6-DAP. The study was performed in two groups, control and treated. The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treatment group. The control and treated 2, 6-DAP samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Laser particle size analyzer, surface area analyzer, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD analysis revealed decrease in intensity of the peaks of treated 2, 6-DAP with respect to control. Unit cell volume and molecular weight were decreased by 2.97% and 2.98% respectively in treated 2, 6-DAP as compared to control. Crystallite size was decreased by 24.70% in treated 2, 6-DAP with respect to control. DSC analysis showed no significant change in melting temperature of treated 2, 6-DAP with respect to control. Nevertheless, the treated 2, 6-DAP showed significant increase in latent heat of fusion by 35.52% as compared to control 2, 6-DAP. TGA analysis showed decrease in percent weight loss of the treated 2, 6-DAP in comparison with control. Additionally, substantial increase in maximum thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax) was observed in treated 2, 6-DAP (203.52°C) as compared with control 2, 6-DAP (186.84°C). Particle size analysis results showed a substantial decrease in d50 (average particle size) and d99 (size exhibited by 99% of the particles) of the treated 2, 6-DAP by 20.5 and 57.4%, respectively as compared to control. Additionally, the BET analysis showed substantial increase in surface area of treated 2, 6-DAP by 75.58% as compared to control. FT-IR spectrum of treated 2, 6-DAP showed alteration in O-H stretching (3390→3370 cm-1), C-H stretching (3132→3138 cm-1) and N-H bending (1637→1604 cm-1) vibration peaks with respect to control. However, UV-visible analysis of treated 2, 6-DAP showed no significant changes in absorption peaks (λ max) with respect to control. Overall, the results demonstrated that biofield has significant impact on the physical, thermal and spectral properties of the treated 2, 6-DAP.","PeriodicalId":15589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Drugs","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73476856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-22DOI: 10.4172/2329-6631.1000E144
Gamal Abdul Hamid
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a hematologic stem cell disorder leading to myeloproliferation and its attendant consequences [1]. CML typically evolves in 3 distinct clinical phases; An indolent or chronic phase (CP) course easily controlled with therapy that can last for 3 to 5 years and accelerated phase (AP) that lasts for less than 12 months and blast phase (BP), characterized by rapid expansion of a population of myeloid or lymphoid blasts of at least 30% in the peripheral blood or bone marrow resulting in the patient’s death within 4 to 6 months [2]. Busulfan is the oral anti-CML alkylating agent in the 1950s and was convenient to administer and inexpensive but associated with severe and prolong myelosuppression. Busulfan was largely replaced by hydroxyurea in 1970s. Hydroxyurea was the available and effective anti-CML agents in the 1980s. These were able to control the clinical manifestations of the disease, but were rarely, if ever, capable of eliminating the malignant clone. In 1990s the interferon alpha has constituted first-line therapy for patients with CML resulted in major cytogenetic responses of 25% [3]. The combination of interferon alpha with hydroxyurea or with Ara-C was effective in clinical practice and induces cytogenetic remissions in some patients [4].
{"title":"Treatment Development of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia","authors":"Gamal Abdul Hamid","doi":"10.4172/2329-6631.1000E144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6631.1000E144","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a hematologic stem cell disorder leading to myeloproliferation and its attendant consequences [1]. CML typically evolves in 3 distinct clinical phases; An indolent or chronic phase (CP) course easily controlled with therapy that can last for 3 to 5 years and accelerated phase (AP) that lasts for less than 12 months and blast phase (BP), characterized by rapid expansion of a population of myeloid or lymphoid blasts of at least 30% in the peripheral blood or bone marrow resulting in the patient’s death within 4 to 6 months [2]. Busulfan is the oral anti-CML alkylating agent in the 1950s and was convenient to administer and inexpensive but associated with severe and prolong myelosuppression. Busulfan was largely replaced by hydroxyurea in 1970s. Hydroxyurea was the available and effective anti-CML agents in the 1980s. These were able to control the clinical manifestations of the disease, but were rarely, if ever, capable of eliminating the malignant clone. In 1990s the interferon alpha has constituted first-line therapy for patients with CML resulted in major cytogenetic responses of 25% [3]. The combination of interferon alpha with hydroxyurea or with Ara-C was effective in clinical practice and induces cytogenetic remissions in some patients [4].","PeriodicalId":15589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Drugs","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80651343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-20DOI: 10.4172/2329-6631.1000132
A. Emmanuel, J. Sanya, O. Olubiyi
In tumor cells undergoing rapid cellular division, significantly increased quantities of lactic acid are produced in an anaerobic respiration via the Cori cycle. While this produces a lower of the pH in the local environment, the hepatic conversion of the generated lactate into glucose places a huge energy demand on the body which makes the patient weaker and results in cancer cachexia. Thus, instead of producing acetyl CoA, the dividing tumorous cells synthesize lactic acid catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LDH’s involvement in tumor initiation and metabolism primarily involves a state of fermentative glycolysis catalyzed by the A form of the enzyme which allows tumorous cells convert the majority of their glucose stores into lactate even under anaerobic conditions which invariably shifts the utilization of glucose metabolites from simple energy production to an active promotion of accelerated cell growth and replication. This makes LDH a vital target for drug development. And in the present work a combination of virtual screening, database scouting and biophysical analysis of binding site properties have been employed in analysis the interaction of about 30,000 compounds with LDH. Using a synthetic NADH inhibitor, as a reference, only four compounds were found to demonstrate stronger binding features than the inhibitor. This preliminary in silicon screening represents the foundational effort in a cancer drug discovery project aimed at generating specific inhibitors of LDH for use in cancer therapeutics.
{"title":"Preliminary Identification of Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors towards Anticancer Drug Development","authors":"A. Emmanuel, J. Sanya, O. Olubiyi","doi":"10.4172/2329-6631.1000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6631.1000132","url":null,"abstract":"In tumor cells undergoing rapid cellular division, significantly increased quantities of lactic acid are produced in an anaerobic respiration via the Cori cycle. While this produces a lower of the pH in the local environment, the hepatic conversion of the generated lactate into glucose places a huge energy demand on the body which makes the patient weaker and results in cancer cachexia. Thus, instead of producing acetyl CoA, the dividing tumorous cells synthesize lactic acid catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LDH’s involvement in tumor initiation and metabolism primarily involves a state of fermentative glycolysis catalyzed by the A form of the enzyme which allows tumorous cells convert the majority of their glucose stores into lactate even under anaerobic conditions which invariably shifts the utilization of glucose metabolites from simple energy production to an active promotion of accelerated cell growth and replication. This makes LDH a vital target for drug development. And in the present work a combination of virtual screening, database scouting and biophysical analysis of binding site properties have been employed in analysis the interaction of about 30,000 compounds with LDH. Using a synthetic NADH inhibitor, as a reference, only four compounds were found to demonstrate stronger binding features than the inhibitor. This preliminary in silicon screening represents the foundational effort in a cancer drug discovery project aimed at generating specific inhibitors of LDH for use in cancer therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":15589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Drugs","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83607163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-08DOI: 10.4172/2329-6631.1000131
M. J. Mukundi, N. E. Mwaniki, N. M. Piero, Njagi J Murugi, Agyirifo S Daniel, Gathumbi K Peter, Muchugi N Alice
The drawbacks associated with conventional anti-diabetic agents have largely stimulated desire for alternative and complementary anti-diabetic agents, majority of which are plant-derived. The medicinal plant, Rhoicissus tridentata has been used extensively in traditional medical practice against various ailments. However, its ethno medicinal use against diabetes mellitus has not been scientifically evaluated and validated. This study was, therefore, designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of aqueous leaf extracts of Rhoicissus tridentata in alloxan induced diabetic mice. As the results show, the aqueous leaf extracts of Rhoicissus tridentata showed anti-diabetic activity. The intraperitoneal route of herbal extract administration was found to be more effective than the oral route. Further, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of aqueous leaf extracts of Rhoicissus tridentata indicated the presence of phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. However, cardiac glycosides and phylobatanins were not detected.
{"title":"In vivo anti-diabetic effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Rhoicissus tridentata in alloxan induced diabetic mice","authors":"M. J. Mukundi, N. E. Mwaniki, N. M. Piero, Njagi J Murugi, Agyirifo S Daniel, Gathumbi K Peter, Muchugi N Alice","doi":"10.4172/2329-6631.1000131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6631.1000131","url":null,"abstract":"The drawbacks associated with conventional anti-diabetic agents have largely stimulated desire for alternative and \u0000complementary anti-diabetic agents, majority of which are plant-derived. The medicinal plant, Rhoicissus tridentata has \u0000been used extensively in traditional medical practice against various ailments. However, its ethno medicinal use against \u0000diabetes mellitus has not been scientifically evaluated and validated. This study was, therefore, designed to evaluate \u0000the anti-diabetic potential of aqueous leaf extracts of Rhoicissus tridentata in alloxan induced diabetic mice. As the \u0000results show, the aqueous leaf extracts of Rhoicissus tridentata showed anti-diabetic activity. The intraperitoneal route \u0000of herbal extract administration was found to be more effective than the oral route. Further, qualitative and quantitative \u0000phytochemical screening of aqueous leaf extracts of Rhoicissus tridentata indicated the presence of phenols, alkaloids, \u0000flavonoids, tannins and saponins. However, cardiac glycosides and phylobatanins were not detected.","PeriodicalId":15589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Drugs","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81822885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-18DOI: 10.4172/2329-6631.1000E143
Jonathan P. Bernick
The applications discussed in this article typically use learning machines to perform supervised classification; i.e., the construction of algorithms to determine of the presence or absence of an exemplar in a class based on the values of the data comprising said exemplar. For example, a pharmacologist who wished to predict whether potential drug compounds were neurotoxic or not might use machine learning to construct a decision function from a set of drugs of known neurotoxicity or lack-thereof, and the function thus created would classify other drug compounds as belonging to the mutually exclusive classes of “neurotoxic” or “non-neurotoxic.”
{"title":"The Role of Machine Learning in Drug Design and Delivery","authors":"Jonathan P. Bernick","doi":"10.4172/2329-6631.1000E143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6631.1000E143","url":null,"abstract":"The applications discussed in this article typically use learning machines to perform supervised classification; i.e., the construction of algorithms to determine of the presence or absence of an exemplar in a class based on the values of the data comprising said exemplar. For example, a pharmacologist who wished to predict whether potential drug compounds were neurotoxic or not might use machine learning to construct a decision function from a set of drugs of known neurotoxicity or lack-thereof, and the function thus created would classify other drug compounds as belonging to the mutually exclusive classes of “neurotoxic” or “non-neurotoxic.”","PeriodicalId":15589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Drugs","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75960170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-09DOI: 10.4172/2329-6631.1000130
J. Kk, Maina Sg, Muriithi Jn, Mwangi Bm, Mworia Kj, M. M.J., J. Ngeranwa, Mburu Nd
Studies have demonstrated that Urtica dioica promotes regeneration of the liver cells following damage by carbon tetrachloride. This study investigated the effects of Urtica dioica on liver function following acetaminophen overdose. Mice were divided into eight groups of ten each. Acetaminophen at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced red blood cells, neutrophils and albumins while mean corpuscular hemoglobin, lymphocytes, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, prothrombin time and liver pathology were increased. Lactate dehydrogenase was significantly reduced in acetaminophen 250 mg/kg while acetaminophen 500 mg/kg significantly increased alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Even after exposure to acetaminophen toxicity, mice pre-treated with Urtica dioica retained the following parameters within normal range: neutrophils, lymphocytes, alanine amino transferase, and liver integrity. Mice co-treated with the drug cimetidine had all parameters within normal except for aspartate amino transferase at acetaminophen dose of 500 mg/kg. The result suggests that Urtica dioica and cimetidine are both hemoprotective and hepatoprotective. They have potential in the management of acetaminophen toxicity.
{"title":"Protective Effects of Urtica dioica and Cimetidineî on Liver FunctionFollowing Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice","authors":"J. Kk, Maina Sg, Muriithi Jn, Mwangi Bm, Mworia Kj, M. M.J., J. Ngeranwa, Mburu Nd","doi":"10.4172/2329-6631.1000130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6631.1000130","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have demonstrated that Urtica dioica promotes regeneration of the liver cells following damage by carbon tetrachloride. This study investigated the effects of Urtica dioica on liver function following acetaminophen overdose. Mice were divided into eight groups of ten each. Acetaminophen at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced red blood cells, neutrophils and albumins while mean corpuscular hemoglobin, lymphocytes, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, prothrombin time and liver pathology were increased. Lactate dehydrogenase was significantly reduced in acetaminophen 250 mg/kg while acetaminophen 500 mg/kg significantly increased alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Even after exposure to acetaminophen toxicity, mice pre-treated with Urtica dioica retained the following parameters within normal range: neutrophils, lymphocytes, alanine amino transferase, and liver integrity. Mice co-treated with the drug cimetidine had all parameters within normal except for aspartate amino transferase at acetaminophen dose of 500 mg/kg. The result suggests that Urtica dioica and cimetidine are both hemoprotective and hepatoprotective. They have potential in the management of acetaminophen toxicity.","PeriodicalId":15589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Drugs","volume":"71 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72739809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-16DOI: 10.4172/2329-6631.1000E142
Andrea Wang
At present, the most common used method for producing transgenic animal is known as DNA microinjection. It directly injects the exogenous gene into fertilized egg cells by using a syringe with micromanipulation instrument. With the exogenous gene integrated into DNA, a transgenic animal is produced. The founders of this method are Jaenisch, Mintz etc. Gordon and Palmiter [1] successively obtained transgenic animals by this method. This method is commonly used at present, and now the transgenic animal research is mostly going based on the Palmiter method, or the method on its improvement. Wang Minhua [2] reported he produced transgenic rabbits with microinjection method transferring anti plague virus nucleic acid enzyme gene. Application of Krimpenfort produced transgenic bovine using both embryos cultured in vitro and microinjection methods.
{"title":"Methods Introduction of Transgenic Animal","authors":"Andrea Wang","doi":"10.4172/2329-6631.1000E142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6631.1000E142","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the most common used method for producing transgenic animal is known as DNA microinjection. It directly injects the exogenous gene into fertilized egg cells by using a syringe with micromanipulation instrument. With the exogenous gene integrated into DNA, a transgenic animal is produced. The founders of this method are Jaenisch, Mintz etc. Gordon and Palmiter [1] successively obtained transgenic animals by this method. This method is commonly used at present, and now the transgenic animal research is mostly going based on the Palmiter method, or the method on its improvement. Wang Minhua [2] reported he produced transgenic rabbits with microinjection method transferring anti plague virus nucleic acid enzyme gene. Application of Krimpenfort produced transgenic bovine using both embryos cultured in vitro and microinjection methods.","PeriodicalId":15589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Drugs","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73698292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-16DOI: 10.4172/2329-6631.1000E141
Gamal Abdul Hamid, S. Yassin, F. Al-Ahdel
{"title":"Triple-Negative Breast Cancer; Future Treatment in Limited Resource Centers","authors":"Gamal Abdul Hamid, S. Yassin, F. Al-Ahdel","doi":"10.4172/2329-6631.1000E141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6631.1000E141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Drugs","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77509756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-14DOI: 10.4172/2329-6631.1000R001
Sushma Bottu, Ravalli Remella
Cancer is one among the leading cause of deaths worldwide. In the present review I have mentioned recent statistics of cancer and mentioned few recent developments in cancer research especially on the most common cancers like lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, skin cancer and endometrial cancer which would give a brief idea on the ongoing research in cancer for the students, Research Scholars.
{"title":"Recent Developments in Cancer","authors":"Sushma Bottu, Ravalli Remella","doi":"10.4172/2329-6631.1000R001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6631.1000R001","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is one among the leading cause of deaths worldwide. In the present review I have mentioned recent statistics of cancer and mentioned few recent developments in cancer research especially on the most common cancers like lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, skin cancer and endometrial cancer which would give a brief idea on the ongoing research in cancer for the students, Research Scholars.","PeriodicalId":15589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Drugs","volume":"53 4 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90219453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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