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Proceedings of the IEEE 2005 International Interconnect Technology Conference, 2005.最新文献

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Reliability and conduction mechanism study on organic ultra low-k (k=2.2) for 65/45 nm hybrid Cu damascene technology 有机超低k (k=2.2) 65/45 nm杂化Cu damascene技术的可靠性及传导机理研究
Y. Su, J. Shieh, B. Perng, S. Jang, M. Liang
We have developed an integrated approach for Cu/hybrid low k interconnects. Implementation of this method to 65/45 nm dual damascene was performed using a hybrid film stack consisting of porous SiLK (p-SiLK, k=2.2) and CVD SiOC (k=3.0). The damage to p-SiLK in plasma clean is prevented by pore sealing and an effective k value as low as 2.6 was extracted from the bias temperature stress (BTS) experiments. From BTS, it is found that Frenkel-Poole (FP) emission dominates the leakage mechanism in p-SiLK. The proposed hybrid approach demonstrates /spl sim/21% reduction in RC product and shows excellent electrical and reliability (EM and SM) performance comparable to the conventional Cu/SiOC (k=3.0) damascene.
我们开发了一种铜/混合低钾互连的集成方法。采用由多孔SiLK (p-SiLK, k=2.2)和CVD SiOC (k=3.0)组成的混合膜堆栈,实现了65/45 nm双增光。通过孔隙密封防止了等离子体清洁对p-SiLK的损伤,并从偏置温度应力(BTS)实验中提取了低至2.6的有效k值。从BTS中发现,p-SiLK的泄漏机制主要是Frenkel-Poole (FP)发射。所提出的混合方法表明,RC产品减少了/spl sim/21%,并且与传统的Cu/SiOC (k=3.0) damascense相比,具有出色的电气和可靠性(EM和SM)性能。
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引用次数: 2
Design of ECP additive for 65 nm-node technology Cu BEOL reliability 65纳米节点技术Cu BEOL可靠性的ECP添加剂设计
C.H. Shih, S.W. Chou, C. Lin, T. Ko, H.W. Su, C. Wu, M. Tsai, W. Shue, C. Yu, M. Liang
In this work, the design criteria of ECP additives on Cu BEOL reliability are revealed. By varying the ECP additive structures and concentrations, we demonstrate how gap filling performance and impurity level of the bulk copper can influence the electromigration lifetime and stress induced void (SIV) formation. It was found that the impurity in the grain boundary could act as an effective vacancy diffusion barrier to inhibit SIV formation. However, ECP additive conditions that produce highly impure Cu was found to increase the gap filling pits on top of the sub-micron features that would reduce the electromigration (EM) lifetime performance. By proper design of ECP additives, high impurity incorporation in the wide metal line without gap filling pit formation can be achieved. The stress SIV formation was inhibited with excellent EM resistance.
揭示了ECP添加剂对Cu BEOL可靠性影响的设计准则。通过改变ECP添加剂的结构和浓度,我们证明了铜的空隙填充性能和杂质水平如何影响电迁移寿命和应力诱导空洞(SIV)的形成。发现晶界中的杂质可以作为有效的空位扩散屏障,抑制SIV的形成。然而,发现ECP添加剂条件产生高度不纯的Cu会增加亚微米特征顶部的间隙填充坑,从而降低电迁移(EM)寿命性能。通过合理设计ECP添加剂,可以在宽金属线内实现高杂质掺入而不形成间隙填充坑。优异的抗电磁性能抑制了SIV的形成。
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引用次数: 1
Integration of a mechanically reliable 65-nm node technology for low-k and ULK interconnects with various substrate and package types 集成机械可靠的65纳米节点技术,用于与各种基板和封装类型的低k和ULK互连
C. Goldberg, S. Downey, V. Fiori, R. Fox, K. Hess, O. Hinsinger, A. Humbert, J. Jacquemin, S. Lee, J. Lhuillier, S. Orain, S. Pozder, L. Proença, F. Quercia, E. Sabouret, T. Tran, T. Uehling
Mechanical reliability is widely recognized as the primary obstacle to productionization of porous low-k materials. The combination of weak bulk and interfacial properties with increasingly complex geometries poses a considerable challenge at the 65-nm node. The final solution must be sufficiently robust so as to ensure compatibility with multiple substrate types, interconnect configurations and packages. In this work, material engineering, modeling, design rule tailoring, and assembly optimization are employed to achieve required assembly reliability for both wirebond and flip-chip packages, for both bulk and SOI substrates.
机械可靠性被广泛认为是多孔低钾材料生产的主要障碍。弱体积和界面特性与日益复杂的几何形状相结合,在65nm节点上提出了相当大的挑战。最终的解决方案必须足够健壮,以确保与多种基板类型、互连配置和封装的兼容性。在这项工作中,材料工程、建模、设计规则裁剪和组装优化被用于实现线键和倒装芯片封装所需的组装可靠性,用于大块和SOI基板。
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引用次数: 17
New stress voiding observations in Cu interconnects 铜互连中新的应力消除观察
M. Grégoire, S. Kordic, M. Ignat, X. Federspiel, P. Vannier, S. Courtas
Stress voiding (SV) in Cu vias and lines is investigated on 300 mm wafers after storage at temperatures ranging from 175/spl deg/C to 400/spl deg/C. Sensitivity to SV in lines decreases with metal pattern density. Microstructural analysis of Cu lines shows that voids are not only found at grain boundaries, but also within the grains, indicating bulk and/or surface diffusion of vacancies. Via resistance increase well above 10% is observed. Both via and line SV is observed below and above zero-stress temperature, indicating two mechanisms: vacancy diffusion in combination with tensile stress, and Cu densification under compressive stress. SEM and pattern recognition observations on Cu lines are presented. Line void volume distribution is lognormal, while the distribution of the increase in via resistances is bimodal.
在温度为175 ~ 400℃的300 mm晶圆上,研究了Cu孔和Cu线的应力消除(SV)。线中对SV的灵敏度随金属图案密度的增大而降低。Cu线的显微组织分析表明,孔洞不仅存在于晶界处,而且存在于晶粒内部,表明孔洞存在大量存在和/或表面扩散。观察到通孔电阻增加远超过10%。在零应力温度下和高于零应力温度时,均观察到孔道和线状SV,表明了两种机制:空位扩散与拉应力的结合,以及压应力下的Cu致密化。介绍了对铜线的扫描电镜和模式识别观察结果。线孔体积分布为对数正态分布,而通孔阻力增加的分布为双峰分布。
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引用次数: 5
Interface engineering for highly-reliable 65 nm-node Cu/ULK (k=2.6) interconnect integration 高可靠的65nm节点Cu/ULK (k=2.6)互连集成接口工程
A. Ishii, S. Matsumoto, T. Hattori, S. Suzuki, S. Isono, A. Iwasaki, K. Tomita, K. Hashimoto, S. Tawa, T. Furusawa, D. Kodama, S. Ogawa, S. Suzumura, M. Tsutsue, K. Goto, K. Kobayashi, H. Ohshita, M. Hamada, N. Amoh, H. Okamura, K. Yonekura, T. Hamatani, T. Kobayshi, K. Tsukamoto, M. Matsuura
Interface engineering technologies are developed for highly-reliable 65 nm-node Cu/low-k interconnect integration using a ULK dielectric (k=2.6) in a hybrid ILD structure. For electromigration (EM) reliability, the mechanical integrity at the SiOC/SiC(N,O) interface exposed on the via sidewalls is found to be critical. For TDDB reliability, reduction in Cu-containing defects at the SiC(N,O)/SiOC interface at the top of the metal line is critical. By optimizing these interfaces, the EM and the TDDB lifetimes are significantly improved.
在混合ILD结构中使用ULK电介质(k=2.6),开发了高可靠的65纳米节点Cu/低k互连集成接口工程技术。对于电迁移(EM)可靠性而言,暴露在通孔侧壁上的SiOC/SiC(N,O)界面的机械完整性至关重要。为了提高TDDB的可靠性,减少金属线顶部SiC(N,O)/SiOC界面处的含cu缺陷至关重要。通过优化这些接口,EM和TDDB的寿命得到了显著提高。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of adhesion and barrier properties for CVD-TaN on dual damascene copper interconnects CVD-TaN在双大马士革铜互连上的粘附和阻隔性能评价
Jong Won Hong, Jong Myeong Lee, K. Choi, Youngsu Chung, Sang woo Lee, G. Choi, Sung Tae Kim, U. Chung, Tae Moon, B. Ryu
CVD-TaN thin films derived from a new noble precursor, tert-amylimidotrisdim-ethylamidotantalum (TAIMATA), for the diffusion barrier in Cu interconnects were studied. The effects of CVD-TaN on dual damascene interconnect (DDI) for Cu metallization were investigated on SiOC (k=2.9) dielectrics with 4 K via chains. The via resistances were measured as a function of TaN thickness (10/spl sim/45 /spl Aring/), compared to PVD TaN. Diffusion barrier properties (bias temperature stress) and delamination length (adhesion test) were studied as a function of TaN thickness. Ar and H/sub 2/ post-plasma after CVD-TaN was introduced to improve the properties of the barrier materials. After applying post-plasma, the via resistances and delamination length of CVD-TaN were investigated and compared to those without post-plasma.
研究了一种新的稀有前驱体——叔淀粉三烯二乙基胺钽(TAIMATA)制备的CVD-TaN薄膜,用于Cu互连中的扩散势垒。在4 k孔链SiOC (k=2.9)电介质上研究了CVD-TaN对Cu金属化双damascene互连(DDI)的影响。与PVD TaN相比,通孔电阻是TaN厚度的函数(10/spl sim/45 /spl Aring/)。研究了扩散势垒性能(偏置温度应力)和分层长度(粘附试验)与TaN厚度的关系。在CVD-TaN后引入Ar和H/sub - 2/后等离子体来改善阻挡材料的性能。应用后等离子体后,研究了CVD-TaN的通孔电阻和脱层长度,并与未应用后等离子体的CVD-TaN进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical dry cleaning technology for reliable 65 nm CMOS contact to NiSi/sub x/ 化学干洗技术可靠的65纳米CMOS接触到NiSi/sub x/
Makoto Honda, K. Tsutsumi, H. Harakawa, A. Nomachi, K. Murakami, K. Ooya, T. Kudou, T. Nagamatsu, H. Ezawa
Nickel silicide (NiSi/sub x/) is being considered as a replacement for the currently used silicides. A native oxide film on the nickel silicide surface causes high contact resistance. The cleaning technology for removal of the oxide film on NiSi/sub x/ is a critical issue for 65 nm generation CMOS devices. The effect of a chemical dry treatment prior to contact metallization was studied. It was confirmed that the chemical dry treatment is effective for obtaining low stable contact resistance, and is a key technology for the high yield manufacture of CMOS devices.
硅化镍(NiSi/sub x/)被认为是目前使用的硅化物的替代品。硅化镍表面的天然氧化膜产生高接触电阻。NiSi/ subx /上氧化膜的清洗技术是65纳米一代CMOS器件的关键问题。研究了接触金属化前化学干燥处理的效果。实验结果表明,化学干燥处理是获得低稳定接触电阻的有效方法,是实现CMOS器件高成品率生产的关键技术。
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引用次数: 0
Copper-filled through wafer vias with very low inductance 电感极低的铜填充晶圆通孔
K. Jenkins, C. Patel
The inductance of through-wafer vias in a new via technology in silicon is reported. The technology uses copper filled vias with 70 /spl mu/m diameters. Measurements by network analyzer up to 40 GHz show that the vias have an inductance of approximately 0.15 pH//spl mu/m, the smallest reported value for vias in silicon.
报道了一种新型硅晶圆通孔技术的电感。该技术采用直径为70 μ m /spl μ m的铜填充过孔。通过高达40 GHz的网络分析仪测量表明,该过孔的电感约为0.15 pH//spl mu/m,这是硅过孔的最小值。
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引用次数: 10
Shifting challenges in the integrated interconnection systems 综合互联系统面临的挑战不断变化
M. Brillouet
As the dimensions scale down, the importance of the interconnections in a circuit is growing tremendously. This paper addresses the shifting challenges of connecting millions of gates in a functional pattern and interfacing it with the outside world. The optimization of this network in terms of connectivity, integration density, performance and manufacturability is a major task where breakthroughs are expected from a synergetic development of the technology and of the design methodology, with more exploratory concepts taken from the biological world.
随着尺寸的缩小,电路中互连的重要性与日俱增。本文解决了以功能模式连接数百万个门并将其与外部世界连接的不断变化的挑战。该网络在连通性、集成密度、性能和可制造性方面的优化是一项重大任务,预计将从技术和设计方法的协同发展中取得突破,并从生物世界中获得更多探索性概念。
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引用次数: 2
Vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays for on-chip interconnect applications 用于片上互连应用的垂直排列碳纳米纤维阵列
Q. Ngo, A. Cassell, Jun Li, S. Krishnan, M. Meyyappan, C. Yang
Recent advances in the growth of carbon nanofibers (CNF) using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) allows for the potential use of these novel structures in backend-of-line (BEOL) interconnect applications. Reliability data is presented for vertically aligned CNF array structures as well as temperature-dependent electrical conductance measurements of both CNF arrays and CNF heterojunction structures. CNF arrays are presented as a possible new via material, while CNF heterojunctions present a promising new architecture for diode array and memory applications.
利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术(PECVD)生长碳纳米纤维(CNF)的最新进展,为这些新型结构在后端线(BEOL)互连应用中提供了潜在的用途。提出了垂直排列CNF阵列结构的可靠性数据,以及CNF阵列和CNF异质结结构的温度相关电导测量。CNF阵列被认为是一种可能的新型通孔材料,而CNF异质结则为二极管阵列和存储器应用提供了一种有前途的新结构。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the IEEE 2005 International Interconnect Technology Conference, 2005.
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