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Proceedings of the IEEE 2005 International Interconnect Technology Conference, 2005.最新文献

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Effects of elastic modulus on the fracture behavior of low-dielectric constant films 弹性模量对低介电常数薄膜断裂行为的影响
T. Tsui, A. J. Griffin, J. Jacques, R. Fields, A. Mckerrow, R. Kraft
A model that predicts channel-crack propagation behavior in silica-based low-/spl kappa/ dielectrics (low-/spl kappa/) was developed. A solid-mechanics theory that governs fracture behavior was used to obtain low-/spl kappa/ material constants. These fracture parameters were used to predict crack behaviors in five low-/spl kappa/ films with distinct elastic moduli. The model developed demonstrates that crack propagation rate is extremely sensitive to modulus, especially when the material is compliant.
建立了硅基低/spl kappa/介质(low-/spl kappa/)中通道裂纹扩展行为的预测模型。控制断裂行为的固体力学理论用于获得低/spl kappa/材料常数。这些断裂参数用于预测具有不同弹性模量的5种低/spl kappa/薄膜的断裂行为。所建立的模型表明,裂纹扩展速率对模量非常敏感,特别是当材料是柔顺的时候。
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引用次数: 4
Understanding CMP-induced delamination in ultra low-k/Cu integration
P. Leduc, M. Savoye, S. Maitrejean, D. Scevola, V. Jousseaume, G. Passemard
In-situ friction characterization during chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) was investigated to understand delamination mechanisms of a porous ultra low-k (ULK)/Cu stack. By quantifying the delaminated area within the wafer, it was shown that adhesion failure is driven by the work done against the CMP-induced friction force, and is correlated to the adhesion strength of the weakest interface. A low-stress CMP was successfully achieved on a first level of ULK/Cu interconnects having a low adhesion SiC/ULK interface (Gc=1.3 J/m/sup 2/) and a porous dielectric material with low mechanical properties (Young's modulus E=3.5 GPa, hardness H=0.7 GPa).
研究了化学机械抛光(CMP)过程中的原位摩擦特性,以了解多孔超低钾(ULK)/Cu堆积的分层机理。通过对晶圆内部分层面积的量化,结果表明,粘附失败是由对cmp诱导的摩擦力所做的功驱动的,并且与最弱界面的粘附强度相关。在具有低粘附SiC/ULK界面(Gc=1.3 J/m/sup 2/)和低力学性能(杨氏模量E=3.5 GPa,硬度H=0.7 GPa)的多孔介质材料的一级ULK/Cu互连上成功实现了低应力CMP。
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引用次数: 15
Novel electro-chemical mechanical planarization using carbon polishing pad to achieve robust ultra low-k/Cu integration 新型电化学机械刨平技术,采用碳抛光垫实现超低k/Cu集成
S. Kondo, S. Tominaga, A. Namiki, K. Yamada, D. Abe, K. Fukaya, M. Shimada, N. Kobayashi
We developed a novel electro-chemical mechanical planarization (e-CMP) method that uses a conductive carbon pad for polishing 300-mm wafers. More than one hundred electro-cells were fabricated into the carbon pad, and the method resolved issues with conventional e-CMP, such as scratching caused by metal electrodes, copper residues, and process complexity of cathode regeneration. By using an e-CMP process followed by TaN-CMP, porous low-k/Cu interconnects were successfully fabricated.
我们开发了一种新的电化学机械刨平(e-CMP)方法,该方法使用导电碳垫抛光300毫米晶圆。该方法解决了传统e-CMP存在的金属电极划伤、铜残留、阴极再生过程复杂等问题。采用e-CMP工艺和TaN-CMP工艺,成功制备了多孔低k/Cu互连。
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引用次数: 6
Effect of CMP downward pressure on nano-scale residual stresses in dielectric films with Cu interconnects assessed by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy 阴极发光光谱研究了CMP下压对Cu互连介质薄膜纳米级残余应力的影响
M. Kodera, S. Uekusa, S. Kakinuma, Y. Saijo, A. Fukunaga, M. Tsujimura, G. Pezzotti
Engineering of the residual stress fields related to the backend process of LSI devices with Cu interconnects is required together with the adoption of low-k materials that have quite low Young's modulus. We measured the nano-scale residual stresses stored within interlayer dielectric (ILD) films according to a cathodoluminescence piezospectroscopic technique. We confirmed that stresses in ILD could be successfully detected with less than 50 nm resolution and that a higher chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) downward pressure led to a shift toward the tensile side of the residual stress field stored in the ILD film.
在采用杨氏模量相当低的低k材料的同时,还需要对与Cu互连LSI器件后端工艺相关的残余应力场进行工程设计。利用阴极发光压电光谱技术测量了层间介质(ILD)薄膜内的纳米级残余应力。我们证实,在小于50 nm的分辨率下,可以成功地检测到ILD中的应力,并且较高的化学机械抛光(CMP)向下压力导致存储在ILD薄膜中的残余应力场向拉伸侧移动。
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引用次数: 1
Hybrid low-k/Cu dual damascene process for 45-32 nm technology node using self-assembled porous-silica ultra low-k films 45-32 nm工艺节点的低k/Cu混合双damascene工艺,自组装多孔硅超低k薄膜
S. Chikaki, A. Shimoyama, R. Yagi, T. Yoshino, T. Ono, A. Ishikawa, N. Fujii, N. Hata, T. Nakayama, K. Kohmura, H. Tanaka, T. Goto, J. Kawahara, Y. Sonoda, H. Matsuo, Y. Seino, S. Takada, N. Kunimi, Y. Uchida, S. Hishiya, Y. Shishida, K. Kinoshita, T. Kikkawa
Self-assembled porous-silica ultra low-k films (k=2.1) were integrated for 45-32 nm technology node low-k/Cu dual damascene interconnects. Porosity and pore size distributions of the low-k film were controlled by controlling the concentration of the surfactant so that a tight distribution of dielectric constant was achieved. Self-assembled porous silica low-k/Cu damascene interconnects were successfully formed by developing dry etching, low pressure CMP, post CMP cleaning, Cu electroplating solution as well as a TMCTS process recovery treatment. The feasibility of low-k/Cu damascene was confirmed. Electrical characteristics showed a potential capability of the self-assembled porous-silica low-k film for the 45-32 nm technology node.
自组装多孔硅超低k薄膜(k=2.1)集成在45-32 nm技术节点低k/Cu双damascene互连。通过控制表面活性剂的浓度来控制低k膜的孔隙率和孔径分布,从而使膜的介电常数分布较紧。通过干刻蚀、低压CMP、CMP后清洗、Cu电镀溶液以及TMCTS工艺回收处理,成功制备了自组装多孔硅低k/Cu damascene互连。验证了低k/Cu改性的可行性。电学特性表明,自组装多孔二氧化硅低k膜在45-32 nm技术节点上具有潜在的性能。
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引用次数: 2
Capacitive impacts of dummies on interconnect propagation performances for integrated circuits of the 65 nm node and below 电容性假体对65nm及以下节点集成电路互连传播性能的影响
B. Blampey, B. Fléchet, A. Farcy, U. Bermond, O. Cueto, J. Torres, G. Angénieux
The placement and size of square dummies degrade electrical performances mainly in terms of interconnect capacitance and propagation delay time. Electrical parameters for an isolated interconnect are obtained in a whole spectrum (up to 40 GHz) by electromagnetic modeling. Parasitic effects could be traduced by a fictitious increase of the relative permittivity k-value of inter-level dielectric cutting down performances of porous ULK integration for future 65 and 45 nm technology nodes. The capacitive effect of dummies on the interconnect test structure with a dielectric at k=2.7 was found, in some situations, to be equivalent to that obtained with a dielectric at k=3.2 without dummies. The capacitive effect of dummy distribution was also shown to be generally inhomogeneous, dramatically depending on dummy size and local interconnect design. However, an optimal size of dummies could be determined, leading to an homogeneous capacitive degradation effect, independent of the local interconnect dummy surrounding situation.
方形假人的放置位置和尺寸主要在互连电容和传播延迟时间方面降低电气性能。通过电磁建模,获得了隔离互连在40ghz以内全频谱范围内的电气参数。寄生效应可以通过虚构的层间介电相对介电常数k值的增加来消除,从而降低未来65和45 nm技术节点的多孔ULK集成性能。在某些情况下,假人对介电k=2.7的互连测试结构的电容效应与k=3.2的介电条件下无假人的电容效应相当。假人分布的电容效应通常是不均匀的,很大程度上取决于假人尺寸和局部互连设计。然而,可以确定假人的最佳尺寸,导致均匀的电容退化效应,独立于局部互连假人周围的情况。
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引用次数: 3
Air gap integration for the 45nm node and beyond 45纳米及以上节点的气隙集成
R. Daamen, G. Verheijden, P. Bancken, T. Vandeweyer, J. Michelon, V. Nguyễn Hoàng, R. Hoofman, M. Gallagher
First promising results including reliability and electromigration of an extendable air gap integration approach obtaining mechanically stable air cavities at the inter-metal dielectric (IMD) level are presented. Extraction of the effective dielectric constant (k/sub eff/) is demonstrated to be 1.45 for non-passivated single damascene structures. Using 45 nm node specifications and the proposed integration scheme, two metal levels are simulated showing a k/sub eff/ of less than 2.0 after full integration, fulfilling multiple future interconnect node requirements.
首先介绍了一种可扩展气隙集成方法在金属间介电(IMD)水平上获得机械稳定气腔的可靠性和电迁移等有希望的结果。对于未钝化的单大马士革结构,提取的有效介电常数(k/sub - eff/)为1.45。采用45纳米节点规格和提出的集成方案,模拟了两个金属电平,显示完全集成后的k/sub /小于2.0,满足未来多个互连节点的要求。
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引用次数: 8
Impact of size effects on the resistivity of copper wires and consequently the design and performance of metal interconnect networks 尺寸效应对铜线电阻率的影响,从而影响金属互连网络的设计和性能
R. Sarvari, A. Naeemi, R. Venkatesan, J. Meindl
The impact of surface and grain boundary scattering on the design of multi-level interconnect networks and their latency distributions is reported. For the 18-nm technology node (year 2018), it is shown that, despite more than 4/spl times/ increase in resistivity of copper for minimum size interconnects, the increase in the number of metal levels is negligible (less than 6.7%), and interconnects that will be affected most are so short that their impact on the chip performance is inconsequential.
本文报道了表面散射和晶界散射对多级互连网络设计及其延迟分布的影响。对于18nm技术节点(2018年),研究表明,尽管最小尺寸互连的铜电阻率增加了4/spl倍以上,但金属层数的增加可以忽略不计(小于6.7%),并且受影响最大的互连是如此之短,以至于它们对芯片性能的影响是微不足道的。
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引用次数: 16
Influence of CMP process on defects in SiOC films and TDDB reliability CMP工艺对SiOC薄膜缺陷及TDDB可靠性的影响
N. Konishi, Y. Yamada, J. Noguchi, T. Jimbo, O. Inoue
The relationship between the TDDB (time-dependent dielectric breakdown) reliability and defects in the Cu CMP (chemical-mechanical polishing) process, such as corrosions, scratches and pittings, was investigated using Cu/SiOC interconnects. Cu corrosions generate at edges of wires and this results in the TDDB degradation. Scratches on the SiOC surface also degrade the TDDB lifetime even if other defects are removed. The slurry without the BTA solutions causes not only pittings, but also Cu dissolution. In this condition, some dissolved Cu atoms remain on the SiOC surface between adjacent Cu wires. This also leads to the TDDB degradation. It is essential to prevent corrosions, scratches and pittings to improve the TDDB reliability.
利用Cu/SiOC互连研究了时间相关介质击穿(TDDB)可靠性与Cu化学机械抛光(CMP)过程中腐蚀、划痕和点蚀等缺陷之间的关系。铜腐蚀产生在导线的边缘,这导致了TDDB的降解。即使去除其他缺陷,SiOC表面的划痕也会降低TDDB的使用寿命。没有BTA溶液的浆液不仅会引起点蚀,还会导致铜溶解。在这种情况下,一些溶解的Cu原子留在相邻Cu线之间的SiOC表面。这也会导致TDDB的退化。为了提高TDDB的可靠性,必须防止腐蚀、划痕和点蚀。
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引用次数: 2
Effects of friction and loading parameters on four-point bend adhesion measurements of low-k thin film interconnect structures 摩擦和载荷参数对低k薄膜互连结构四点弯曲附着力测量的影响
D. M. Gage, Kyunghoon Kim, C. Litteken, R. Dauskardt
The four-point bend method has become an established metrology for quantitatively examining interfacial fracture energies of thin film multi-layers. However, despite the widespread use of the technique, relatively little is known about how four-point measurements are affected by loading point friction and variations in readily adjustable loading parameters. In this study, we demonstrate that four-point measurements can be sensitive to applied loading geometry and factors that affect the rate of steady state debond propagation. These effects can be experimentally significant, particularly for fracture energy measurements above /spl sim/5 J/m/sup 2/. We show that this behavior is due to a combination of Coulomb friction and stress corrosion effects. Good practice testing guidelines are suggested to systematically improve accuracy and consistency of four-point data.
四点弯曲法已成为定量检测薄膜多层界面断裂能的常用计量方法。然而,尽管该技术被广泛使用,但对于加载点摩擦和易于调节的加载参数变化如何影响四点测量,人们所知相对较少。在这项研究中,我们证明了四点测量可以对施加的加载几何形状和影响稳态脱粘传播速率的因素敏感。这些影响在实验上是显著的,特别是在裂缝能量测量高于/spl sim/5 J/m/sup 2/时。我们表明,这种行为是由于库仑摩擦和应力腐蚀效应的结合。提出了良好的实践测试指南,以系统地提高四点数据的准确性和一致性。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Proceedings of the IEEE 2005 International Interconnect Technology Conference, 2005.
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