Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/183555
Priyanka Chandra, R. K. Fagodiya, Arvind Kumar Rai, P. Sheoran, Kailash Prajapat, Ajay Singh, Kamlesh Verma, Vijendra Kumar Verma, Rajender Kumar Yadav, A. K. Biswas
Agricultural management practices alter soil characteristics and influence soil biological properties. Hence, a field trial was carried out to assess the 14-year long-term impact of tillage and residue management practices on soil biological activities and microbial population in a rice-wheat cropping system in two depths viz., 0–15 and 15–30 cm. Soil organic carbon levels differed significantly (p > 0.05) across various treatments. Microbial biomass car - bon, microbial quotient, and soil enzymatic activities were significantly greater (10–82%) in crop residue incorpo - ration/retention treatments. Zero tillage with residue retention (ZT+R) had the greatest bacterial, actinomycetes, and fungi population, followed by reduced tillage with residue incorporation (RT+R). The ZT+R treatment had the greatest value of K-strategist and r-strategist, and was equivalent to RT+R across both soil depths. When compared to conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT) increased wheat yield by 9%. However, compared to CT, rice and rice-wheat systems had lower grain yields, whereas crop residue increased wheat and rice-wheat system yields by 10% and 6%, respectively. The findings of this long-term study show that residue management and tillage practices can enhance soil biological attributes while also supporting microbial diversity.
{"title":"Different Tillage and Residue Management Practices Affect Soil Biological Activities and Microbial Culturable Diversity in Rice-Wheat Cropping System Under Reclaimed Sodic Soils","authors":"Priyanka Chandra, R. K. Fagodiya, Arvind Kumar Rai, P. Sheoran, Kailash Prajapat, Ajay Singh, Kamlesh Verma, Vijendra Kumar Verma, Rajender Kumar Yadav, A. K. Biswas","doi":"10.12911/22998993/183555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/183555","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural management practices alter soil characteristics and influence soil biological properties. Hence, a field trial was carried out to assess the 14-year long-term impact of tillage and residue management practices on soil biological activities and microbial population in a rice-wheat cropping system in two depths viz., 0–15 and 15–30 cm. Soil organic carbon levels differed significantly (p > 0.05) across various treatments. Microbial biomass car - bon, microbial quotient, and soil enzymatic activities were significantly greater (10–82%) in crop residue incorpo - ration/retention treatments. Zero tillage with residue retention (ZT+R) had the greatest bacterial, actinomycetes, and fungi population, followed by reduced tillage with residue incorporation (RT+R). The ZT+R treatment had the greatest value of K-strategist and r-strategist, and was equivalent to RT+R across both soil depths. When compared to conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT) increased wheat yield by 9%. However, compared to CT, rice and rice-wheat systems had lower grain yields, whereas crop residue increased wheat and rice-wheat system yields by 10% and 6%, respectively. The findings of this long-term study show that residue management and tillage practices can enhance soil biological attributes while also supporting microbial diversity.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141051923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186555
Vyacheslav Radovenchyk, O. Ivanenko, Olena Otrokh, Tatyana Overchenko, Serhii Ivaniuta, Daniel Benatov, Svetlana Frolenkova, Liudmyla Hurieva
The article deals with the acute issue of intensive contamination of surface and underground waters with iron and chromium ions, which reduces the amount of water suitable for consumption. It was noted that because of monitoring the state of transboundary rivers of Ukraine within the framework of bilateral agreements, an unacceptable excess of the content of heavy metal ions was recorded. The main polluters of the water environment are machine-building enterprises that discharge untreated or insufficiently treated metal-containing wastewater from the process - es of steel etching, chrome plating, etc. Recently, the processing of these solutions to obtain a suspension of highly dispersed particles with magnetic properties – magnetite has been increasingly practiced. One of the directions of its use is the sorption of various pollutants in water environments, i
{"title":"Optimum Conditions for Applying the Magnetic Absorption Methodfor Decontamination of Ferrous Sulphate and Chromate-Containing Wastewater","authors":"Vyacheslav Radovenchyk, O. Ivanenko, Olena Otrokh, Tatyana Overchenko, Serhii Ivaniuta, Daniel Benatov, Svetlana Frolenkova, Liudmyla Hurieva","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186555","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the acute issue of intensive contamination of surface and underground waters with iron and chromium ions, which reduces the amount of water suitable for consumption. It was noted that because of monitoring the state of transboundary rivers of Ukraine within the framework of bilateral agreements, an unacceptable excess of the content of heavy metal ions was recorded. The main polluters of the water environment are machine-building enterprises that discharge untreated or insufficiently treated metal-containing wastewater from the process - es of steel etching, chrome plating, etc. Recently, the processing of these solutions to obtain a suspension of highly dispersed particles with magnetic properties – magnetite has been increasingly practiced. One of the directions of its use is the sorption of various pollutants in water environments, i","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141057169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186529
A. Khoironi, Leony Christine Manurung, R. A. Baihaqi, E. Hartini, Lenci Aryani, Fitria Wulandari, H. Hadiyanto
The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly raised the amount of single-use mask waste in Indonesia. This research intends to assess the effect of single-use mask waste on the quality of loamy soil. The investigation involved con - structing a prototype using a 28–cm high column of 19 cm of loamy soil. The study utilized single-use masks in the soil, in which Chili plants were grown on the soil surface. Clean water was employed for the leaching process over 45 days. Soil samples from control, R1, R2, and R3 reactors were analyzed in the laboratory using X-ray fluores - cence (XRF) testing and microplastic identification in groundwater. The research findings reveal a notable decline in macro and micronutrients, namely a 1.22% decrease in silicon minerals caused by microplastics interfering with plant metabolic processes. The increase in microplastics caused higher microorganism mortality, leading to a 10.18% decrease in organic carbon content and a 1.47% reduction in soil porosity. Microplastics were discovered in the loamy soil of an average size of 0.3 ± 1.34 mm. Changes in nutrient concentrations and physical properties of the soil indicate that introducing microplastics into loamy soil through mask waste can alter soil characteristics. Additional research is required to investigate the disposal of single-use mask waste due to the ongoing high utilization of disposable masks as personal safety equipment.
{"title":"The Impact of Single-Use Mask Waste on the Quality of Loamy Soil","authors":"A. Khoironi, Leony Christine Manurung, R. A. Baihaqi, E. Hartini, Lenci Aryani, Fitria Wulandari, H. Hadiyanto","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186529","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly raised the amount of single-use mask waste in Indonesia. This research intends to assess the effect of single-use mask waste on the quality of loamy soil. The investigation involved con - structing a prototype using a 28–cm high column of 19 cm of loamy soil. The study utilized single-use masks in the soil, in which Chili plants were grown on the soil surface. Clean water was employed for the leaching process over 45 days. Soil samples from control, R1, R2, and R3 reactors were analyzed in the laboratory using X-ray fluores - cence (XRF) testing and microplastic identification in groundwater. The research findings reveal a notable decline in macro and micronutrients, namely a 1.22% decrease in silicon minerals caused by microplastics interfering with plant metabolic processes. The increase in microplastics caused higher microorganism mortality, leading to a 10.18% decrease in organic carbon content and a 1.47% reduction in soil porosity. Microplastics were discovered in the loamy soil of an average size of 0.3 ± 1.34 mm. Changes in nutrient concentrations and physical properties of the soil indicate that introducing microplastics into loamy soil through mask waste can alter soil characteristics. Additional research is required to investigate the disposal of single-use mask waste due to the ongoing high utilization of disposable masks as personal safety equipment.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141024637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186162
Elina Zakharchenko, Oksana Datsko, Serhii Butenko, Yurii Mishchenko, Olha Bakumenko, Volodymyr Prasol, Anhelina Dudka, Nataliya Tymchuk, Dmytro Leshchenko, Anna Novikova
The goal of this study is to establish the impact of tillage (reversible to a depth of 25–28 cm and irreversible to a depth of 25–28, 15–18 and 5–8 cm) and the fertilizing products such as LEANUM and VITAMIN O7 (liquid and powdered, respectively) for growing Hemingway and Harmonium hybrids with FAO 280 and 380 on the leaf area duration (LAD) and the concentration of chlorophyll а and b . The leaf area duration was measured by the method of M. I. Orlovskyi and calculated using the formula. The content of chlorophyll a and b in maize leaves was determined using the ULAB 102 Spectrophotometer. In general, the effect of biofertilizer treatment on the leaf can be noted by increasing the leaf area duration. Thus, for Harmonium, with any variant of tillage, the leaf area duration increased on the variants of foliar treatment. And on irreversible tillage for three years, an increase in the leaf area duration was noted with the use of pre-sowing inoculation with the studied fertilizing products, one treatment with LEANUM foliar, and a combined treatment with LEANUM + 1 LEANUM. It is worth noting that disking to a depth of 5–8 cm only led to a decrease in the leaf area duration during the cultivation of Harmonium. However, when growing Hemingway, almost all variants had a positive effect on the leaf area duration, with the exception of inoculation (when using both fertilizing products). An interesting fact is that in most cases, an increase in the leaf area duration led to a decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll a , but did not lead to a decrease in the total concentration of chlorophylls a and b , due to an increase in the concentration of chlorophyll b . It should be noted that biofertilizer treatment and tillage significantly affected the concentration of chlorophyll a and chlorophylls a and b , but chlorophyll b was not affected by tillage. When growing Hemingway, neither biologics nor tillage had any effect, while other pigments had a significant effect.
本研究的目的是确定耕作（可逆深度 25-28 厘米，不可逆深度 25-28 厘米、15-18 厘米和 5-8 厘米）和施肥产品（如利安姆和维生素 O7，分别为液体和粉末状）对种植海明威和哈默农杂交种（FAO 280 和 380）的叶面积持续时间（LAD）以及叶绿素 а 和 b 浓度的影响。叶面积持续时间用 M. I. Orlovskyi 的方法测量，并用公式计算。玉米叶片中叶绿素 a 和 b 的含量是用 ULAB 102 分光光度计测定的。一般来说，生物肥料处理对叶片的影响可以通过增加叶面积持续时间来体现。因此，对于 Harmonium 而言，在任何耕作方式下，叶面处理方式的叶面积持续时间都会增加。而在三年的不可逆耕作中，播种前接种所研究的肥料产品、叶面喷施利安姆和利安姆 + 1 利安姆联合喷施，叶面积持续时间都有所增加。值得注意的是，在种植哈蒙草期间，盘耕深度为 5-8 厘米只会导致叶面积持续时间缩短。然而，在种植海明威时，几乎所有变量都对叶面积持续时间产生了积极影响，接种除外（使用两种施肥产品时）。一个有趣的事实是，在大多数情况下，叶面积持续时间增加会导致叶绿素 a 浓度下降，但不会导致叶绿素 a 和叶绿素 b 的总浓度下降，原因是叶绿素 b 的浓度增加了。值得注意的是，生物肥料处理和耕作会显著影响叶绿素 a 和叶绿素 a、b 的浓度，但叶绿素 b 不受耕作影响。在种植海明威时，生物制剂和耕作都没有影响，而其他色素则有明显影响。
{"title":"The Influence of Organic Growing of Maize Hybrids on the Formation of Leaf Surface Area and Chlorophyl Concentration","authors":"Elina Zakharchenko, Oksana Datsko, Serhii Butenko, Yurii Mishchenko, Olha Bakumenko, Volodymyr Prasol, Anhelina Dudka, Nataliya Tymchuk, Dmytro Leshchenko, Anna Novikova","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186162","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study is to establish the impact of tillage (reversible to a depth of 25–28 cm and irreversible to a depth of 25–28, 15–18 and 5–8 cm) and the fertilizing products such as LEANUM and VITAMIN O7 (liquid and powdered, respectively) for growing Hemingway and Harmonium hybrids with FAO 280 and 380 on the leaf area duration (LAD) and the concentration of chlorophyll а and b . The leaf area duration was measured by the method of M. I. Orlovskyi and calculated using the formula. The content of chlorophyll a and b in maize leaves was determined using the ULAB 102 Spectrophotometer. In general, the effect of biofertilizer treatment on the leaf can be noted by increasing the leaf area duration. Thus, for Harmonium, with any variant of tillage, the leaf area duration increased on the variants of foliar treatment. And on irreversible tillage for three years, an increase in the leaf area duration was noted with the use of pre-sowing inoculation with the studied fertilizing products, one treatment with LEANUM foliar, and a combined treatment with LEANUM + 1 LEANUM. It is worth noting that disking to a depth of 5–8 cm only led to a decrease in the leaf area duration during the cultivation of Harmonium. However, when growing Hemingway, almost all variants had a positive effect on the leaf area duration, with the exception of inoculation (when using both fertilizing products). An interesting fact is that in most cases, an increase in the leaf area duration led to a decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll a , but did not lead to a decrease in the total concentration of chlorophylls a and b , due to an increase in the concentration of chlorophyll b . It should be noted that biofertilizer treatment and tillage significantly affected the concentration of chlorophyll a and chlorophylls a and b , but chlorophyll b was not affected by tillage. When growing Hemingway, neither biologics nor tillage had any effect, while other pigments had a significant effect.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141041839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/185966
Oleksandr Zhuykov, Mykola Ivaniv, O. Sydiakina
Reducing pressure on agrolandscapes while maintaining indicators of economic efficiency is a promising and rel - evant task for researchers. The article presents the results of a four-year study on the formation of water, nutrient, and microbial regimes in the soil of mid-early ecological group hybrid sunflower crops PR64F66 F1 and Tunca F1 at different levels of biologization of zonal variety cultivation technologies in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine: traditional intensive, extensive minimal, organic, and two levels of biologized. The dependence of the reduction in average daily soil moisture consumption on the application of biologization elements was established. The minimum value of the water consumption coefficient over the years of the study was found for organic cultivation technology – 407 (PR64F66 F1) and 423 (Tunca F1) m 3 /ton of dry matter, while the least economical consumption of active moisture for biomass formation was recorded for the extensive cultivation technology variant – 523 and 624 m 3 /ton respectively. Variants with the application of biologization elements in the mineral nutrition system were characterized by significantly higher efficiency and economy of nitrogen consumption from soil reserves. Throughout the vegetation period, under the conditions of intensive sunflower cultivation technol - ogy, both the overall population of the plowed soil layer and the number of microflora for individual key groups decreased significantly compared to variants where individual elements of biologization or their complex applica - tion (organic cultivation technology) were implemented, by 6.1 – 40.9%.
在保持经济效益指标的同时减轻对农业景观的压力，是研究人员的一项大有可为的重要任务。文章介绍了一项为期四年的研究成果，该成果研究了在乌克兰南部大草原条件下，中早熟生态组杂交向日葵作物 PR64F66 F1 和 Tunca F1 在不同的分区品种栽培技术生物化水平下土壤中水分、养分和微生物机制的形成情况：传统的集约化、广泛的最小化、有机化和两个生物化水平。确定了日均土壤水分消耗量的减少与生物化元素应用的关系。在多年的研究中发现，有机栽培技术的耗水量系数最小--407（PR64F66 F1）和 423（Tunca F1）立方米/吨干物质，而粗放栽培技术变体用于生物质形成的有效水分消耗量最小--分别为 523 和 624 立方米/吨。在矿质营养系统中应用生物化元素的变种的特点是，从土壤储备中消耗氮的效率和经济性明显更高。在整个植被期，在向日葵集约化栽培技术条件下，耕地土壤层的总体数量和单个关键群的微生物群数量都比实施单个生物化元素或其复合应用（有机栽培技术）的变体显著减少了 6.1 - 40.9%。
{"title":"Features of Forming Soil Regimes under Sunflower Cultivation with Different Levels of Biologization in Non-irrigated Conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"Oleksandr Zhuykov, Mykola Ivaniv, O. Sydiakina","doi":"10.12911/22998993/185966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/185966","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing pressure on agrolandscapes while maintaining indicators of economic efficiency is a promising and rel - evant task for researchers. The article presents the results of a four-year study on the formation of water, nutrient, and microbial regimes in the soil of mid-early ecological group hybrid sunflower crops PR64F66 F1 and Tunca F1 at different levels of biologization of zonal variety cultivation technologies in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine: traditional intensive, extensive minimal, organic, and two levels of biologized. The dependence of the reduction in average daily soil moisture consumption on the application of biologization elements was established. The minimum value of the water consumption coefficient over the years of the study was found for organic cultivation technology – 407 (PR64F66 F1) and 423 (Tunca F1) m 3 /ton of dry matter, while the least economical consumption of active moisture for biomass formation was recorded for the extensive cultivation technology variant – 523 and 624 m 3 /ton respectively. Variants with the application of biologization elements in the mineral nutrition system were characterized by significantly higher efficiency and economy of nitrogen consumption from soil reserves. Throughout the vegetation period, under the conditions of intensive sunflower cultivation technol - ogy, both the overall population of the plowed soil layer and the number of microflora for individual key groups decreased significantly compared to variants where individual elements of biologization or their complex applica - tion (organic cultivation technology) were implemented, by 6.1 – 40.9%.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141044120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186616
Ameera Mohamad Awad, Husham T. Ibrahim
Worldwide, the transfer from the level of knowledge to operation at full scale is often difficult due to the ex - pectation of some problems associated with new technologies that usually cannot be identified and solved on a full scale. Therefore, aspects of start-up times and methodologies become even more relevant when starting to implement any (or any project) processing system in wastewater treatment. Thus, this work aimed to develop and validate a concept for starting up a laboratory-scale lagoon system. This system typically contains a series of three continuous-flow lagoons to treat 50 Liters in the day from a municipal sewage facility in Al Rumaitha City, located north of Al Muthanaa Province in Iraq. Further, the influence of hydraulic detention time (HRT) on the hydraulic lagoon performance depending on site-specific conditions and determining factors influencing actual hydraulic residence time was evaluated by investigating the start-up of three different HRTs: 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days, as changing it altered the depth and, thus, the effective volume. The start-up experiment involved two different phases of experiments, and they were conducted for four months, distributed in two different periods: the first period of start-up experiments was characterized to develop a proper microbial floc as quickly as possible and also to select the appropriate HRT of the lagoon. The results from these experiments led to the selection of the best three-cell lagoons design, which had an HRT of 7 days because it remained more stable concerning COD removal. After that, the second period of the experiments began, devoted to helping performance assessment of these facilities in continuous mode via providing basic information about the treatment processes occurring in a lagoon and summarizing performance expectations until a steady state was reached. Throughout the period of this experiment, average removal efficiencies were found to be 73.34% for COD, 76.54% for NH 4 + -N, 36.06% for TN, and 38.30% for TP.
{"title":"Study on the Start-Up Phase of the Stabilization Lagoons System for Municipal Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Ameera Mohamad Awad, Husham T. Ibrahim","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186616","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, the transfer from the level of knowledge to operation at full scale is often difficult due to the ex - pectation of some problems associated with new technologies that usually cannot be identified and solved on a full scale. Therefore, aspects of start-up times and methodologies become even more relevant when starting to implement any (or any project) processing system in wastewater treatment. Thus, this work aimed to develop and validate a concept for starting up a laboratory-scale lagoon system. This system typically contains a series of three continuous-flow lagoons to treat 50 Liters in the day from a municipal sewage facility in Al Rumaitha City, located north of Al Muthanaa Province in Iraq. Further, the influence of hydraulic detention time (HRT) on the hydraulic lagoon performance depending on site-specific conditions and determining factors influencing actual hydraulic residence time was evaluated by investigating the start-up of three different HRTs: 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days, as changing it altered the depth and, thus, the effective volume. The start-up experiment involved two different phases of experiments, and they were conducted for four months, distributed in two different periods: the first period of start-up experiments was characterized to develop a proper microbial floc as quickly as possible and also to select the appropriate HRT of the lagoon. The results from these experiments led to the selection of the best three-cell lagoons design, which had an HRT of 7 days because it remained more stable concerning COD removal. After that, the second period of the experiments began, devoted to helping performance assessment of these facilities in continuous mode via providing basic information about the treatment processes occurring in a lagoon and summarizing performance expectations until a steady state was reached. Throughout the period of this experiment, average removal efficiencies were found to be 73.34% for COD, 76.54% for NH 4 + -N, 36.06% for TN, and 38.30% for TP.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141031566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/185307
A. Al-yaqoobi, Sumaya L. Al-dulaimi, R. Salman
Among several separation processes, the air flotation distinguish as remarkably high potential separation process re - lated to its high separation efficiency and throughput, energy-efficient, simple process, cost-effective, applicable to a wide range of oily wastewater and no by-products. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of the type and concentration of surfactant on the stability of oil-water emulsion and efficiency of the separation process. For this purpose, three types of surfactant where used (anionic SDS, mixed nonionic Span 85/Tween 80, and cationic CTAB). The results demonstrated that the Span 85/Tween 80 surfactant has the best stability, and it increases with the surfactant concentration augmentation. The removal efficiency with CTAB surfactant reached to approximately 95% at concen - tration of 0.3%, and decreased by increasing the surfactant concentration. The mean diameter of bubbles generated in emulsion with CTAB surfactant was 71 µm, which was lower than that obtained with the other two surfactants.
{"title":"Explore the Impact of Surfactant Type on the Stability and Separation Efficiency of Oil–Water Emulsions of Real Wastewater from Al-Basrah Crude Oil Using Microbubble Air Flotation","authors":"A. Al-yaqoobi, Sumaya L. Al-dulaimi, R. Salman","doi":"10.12911/22998993/185307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/185307","url":null,"abstract":"Among several separation processes, the air flotation distinguish as remarkably high potential separation process re - lated to its high separation efficiency and throughput, energy-efficient, simple process, cost-effective, applicable to a wide range of oily wastewater and no by-products. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of the type and concentration of surfactant on the stability of oil-water emulsion and efficiency of the separation process. For this purpose, three types of surfactant where used (anionic SDS, mixed nonionic Span 85/Tween 80, and cationic CTAB). The results demonstrated that the Span 85/Tween 80 surfactant has the best stability, and it increases with the surfactant concentration augmentation. The removal efficiency with CTAB surfactant reached to approximately 95% at concen - tration of 0.3%, and decreased by increasing the surfactant concentration. The mean diameter of bubbles generated in emulsion with CTAB surfactant was 71 µm, which was lower than that obtained with the other two surfactants.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141057346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/185354
Mohammad N. Sawalhah, Mustafa F. Alshdaifat, S. Al-Kofahi, Oday M. Almasaeid
Grazing management strategies in arid ecosystems are of critical importance to regulate plant regeneration, improve forage quality, and ensure sustainable utilization of rangelands. This study examined the impacts of controlled grazing management on vegetation dynamics (gain/loss) and land cover changes over a 17-year period (2006–2022) at the Royal Botanic Garden, Jordan. Climatic factors, including precipitation and temperature, were analyzed alongside the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to assess vegetation health and greenness. Autoregression models were used to investigate annual temporal trends between vegetation biodiversity indices and climatic factors. To assess the impact of controlled grazing on vegetation biodiversity, the study period was divided into four periods: the initial period (period 0: 2006–2007) which represented the pre-dating-controlled grazing period, followed by three subsequent periods: period 1 (2008–2012), period 2 (2013–2017), and period 3 (2018–2022). Land cover analysis using yearly averaged NDVI values was assessed, including five distinct classes: water body, barren soil, herbaceous and shrub, open forest, and closed forest. The study identified short-term changes during period 1 and long-term changes during periods 2 and 3. The results revealed a significant annual temporal trend only in NDVI (P<0.001), indicating dynamic changes in vegetation health over the whole study period. A positive influence of controlled grazing on vegetation dynamics and biomass production was observed. During period 3, controlled grazing has led to a significant (P<0.05) increase in veg - etation biomass compared to earlier periods (214.4 ton in period 3 compared to 97.1 and 106.8 ton in periods 1 and 2, respectively). NDVI also showed significantly higher values during the later periods of controlled grazing, emphasizing its positive impact on long-term vegetation health. Furthermore, the study showed interesting trends in plant groups and species, with short-term controlled grazing leading to increased species richness and significant changes in vegetation indices. Over the study period, controlled grazing influenced land cover dynamics, with significant decreases in barren soil (from 66.7% to 9.8%) and increases in herbaceous and shrubland areas (33.2% to 89.6%). The study concluded that controlled grazing significantly shapes plant communities, fostering dynamic changes in species and groups over time. The study provides valuable insights into the ecological impact of controlled grazing management. The obtained findings revealed vegetation resilience to short-term climate variations, with sustained vegetation health under grazing.
{"title":"Enhancing Semi-Arid Ecosystem Resilience in Jordan Using Controlled Grazing – A Short and Long-Term Assessment","authors":"Mohammad N. Sawalhah, Mustafa F. Alshdaifat, S. Al-Kofahi, Oday M. Almasaeid","doi":"10.12911/22998993/185354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/185354","url":null,"abstract":"Grazing management strategies in arid ecosystems are of critical importance to regulate plant regeneration, improve forage quality, and ensure sustainable utilization of rangelands. This study examined the impacts of controlled grazing management on vegetation dynamics (gain/loss) and land cover changes over a 17-year period (2006–2022) at the Royal Botanic Garden, Jordan. Climatic factors, including precipitation and temperature, were analyzed alongside the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to assess vegetation health and greenness. Autoregression models were used to investigate annual temporal trends between vegetation biodiversity indices and climatic factors. To assess the impact of controlled grazing on vegetation biodiversity, the study period was divided into four periods: the initial period (period 0: 2006–2007) which represented the pre-dating-controlled grazing period, followed by three subsequent periods: period 1 (2008–2012), period 2 (2013–2017), and period 3 (2018–2022). Land cover analysis using yearly averaged NDVI values was assessed, including five distinct classes: water body, barren soil, herbaceous and shrub, open forest, and closed forest. The study identified short-term changes during period 1 and long-term changes during periods 2 and 3. The results revealed a significant annual temporal trend only in NDVI (P<0.001), indicating dynamic changes in vegetation health over the whole study period. A positive influence of controlled grazing on vegetation dynamics and biomass production was observed. During period 3, controlled grazing has led to a significant (P<0.05) increase in veg - etation biomass compared to earlier periods (214.4 ton in period 3 compared to 97.1 and 106.8 ton in periods 1 and 2, respectively). NDVI also showed significantly higher values during the later periods of controlled grazing, emphasizing its positive impact on long-term vegetation health. Furthermore, the study showed interesting trends in plant groups and species, with short-term controlled grazing leading to increased species richness and significant changes in vegetation indices. Over the study period, controlled grazing influenced land cover dynamics, with significant decreases in barren soil (from 66.7% to 9.8%) and increases in herbaceous and shrubland areas (33.2% to 89.6%). The study concluded that controlled grazing significantly shapes plant communities, fostering dynamic changes in species and groups over time. The study provides valuable insights into the ecological impact of controlled grazing management. The obtained findings revealed vegetation resilience to short-term climate variations, with sustained vegetation health under grazing.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141039579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186503
Muneeba Muneeba, Abdul Khaliq, Faran Muhammad, Muhammad Dilawaz Khan, S. Alharbi, Mohamad Javed Ansari, Muhammad Umer, Muhammad Talha Aslam, Haroon Shahzad
Allelochemicals have emerged as an important player in inducing the abiotic stress tolerance. The experiment included three components: different levels of salinity stress (SS: control, 6 dS m -1 , 12 dS m -1 ), seed priming with moringa leaf extract (MLE: 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%), and saltwater-tolerant and salinity-sensitive wheat cultivars (Faisalabad-2008, Galaxy-2013). Results showed that salinity lowered photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, transpiration, internal carbon, and stomatal conductance while causing poor and delayed germination, inconsistent seedling growth, and increased hydrogen peroxide accumulation. However, hydro-priming and MLE priming enhanced emergence dynamics, growth, biochemical and enzymatic characteristics, and physiological aspects. The cultivar Faisalabad-2008 (wheat) performed well, but at high salinity levels, the hormetic impact of moringa leaf extract was more obvious, enhancing the germination and growth of cultivar Galaxy-2013, which was salinity-sensitive. Wheat cultivars’ germination and seedling growth improved most when primed with 2% MLE (Faisalabad-2008) and 2.5% MLE (Galaxy-2013). This demonstrated that moringa possesses growth-promoting compounds that efficiently mitigate the toxic impacts of salinity.
异位化学物质已成为诱导非生物胁迫耐受性的重要因素。实验包括三个部分：不同程度的盐分胁迫（SS：对照、6 dS m -1 、12 dS m -1 ）、用吗啉草叶提取物（MLE：0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%）进行种子诱导、耐盐碱小麦栽培品种和对盐分敏感的小麦栽培品种（费萨拉巴德-2008、银河-2013）。结果表明，盐分会降低光合色素、光合作用、蒸腾作用、内碳和气孔导度，同时导致发芽不良和延迟、幼苗生长不一致以及过氧化氢积累增加。然而，水力催芽和 MLE 催芽增强了萌发动态、生长、生化和酶特性以及生理方面。栽培品种 Faisalabad-2008（小麦）表现良好，但在高盐度水平下，辣木叶提取物的激素影响更为明显，提高了对盐度敏感的栽培品种 Galaxy-2013 的发芽和生长。用 2% 的吗啉树叶提取物（Faisalabad-2008）和 2.5% 的吗啉树叶提取物（Galaxy-2013）催芽时，小麦品种的发芽率和幼苗生长情况改善最大。这表明，辣木具有促进生长的化合物，可有效减轻盐度的毒性影响。
{"title":"Mitigating the Toxic Effects of Salinity in Wheat Though Exogenous Application of Moringa Leaf Extract","authors":"Muneeba Muneeba, Abdul Khaliq, Faran Muhammad, Muhammad Dilawaz Khan, S. Alharbi, Mohamad Javed Ansari, Muhammad Umer, Muhammad Talha Aslam, Haroon Shahzad","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186503","url":null,"abstract":"Allelochemicals have emerged as an important player in inducing the abiotic stress tolerance. The experiment included three components: different levels of salinity stress (SS: control, 6 dS m -1 , 12 dS m -1 ), seed priming with moringa leaf extract (MLE: 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%), and saltwater-tolerant and salinity-sensitive wheat cultivars (Faisalabad-2008, Galaxy-2013). Results showed that salinity lowered photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, transpiration, internal carbon, and stomatal conductance while causing poor and delayed germination, inconsistent seedling growth, and increased hydrogen peroxide accumulation. However, hydro-priming and MLE priming enhanced emergence dynamics, growth, biochemical and enzymatic characteristics, and physiological aspects. The cultivar Faisalabad-2008 (wheat) performed well, but at high salinity levels, the hormetic impact of moringa leaf extract was more obvious, enhancing the germination and growth of cultivar Galaxy-2013, which was salinity-sensitive. Wheat cultivars’ germination and seedling growth improved most when primed with 2% MLE (Faisalabad-2008) and 2.5% MLE (Galaxy-2013). This demonstrated that moringa possesses growth-promoting compounds that efficiently mitigate the toxic impacts of salinity.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141042511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186161
A. Isdianto, Syafila Sekar Amanda, Ade Yamindago, Citra Satrya Utama Dewi, Dian Aliviyanti, O. M. Luthfi, Aulia Lanudia Fathah, Dini Atikawati, Berlania Mahardika Putri, Intan Dwi Puspitasari
The Christmas tree worm ( Spirobranchus spp.) is a biota that lives in association with hermatypic corals. This bioeroder damages the structural integrity of corals, making them susceptible to breakage. Therefore, further investigation is required to determine the distribution, diversity, uniformity, and predominance of CTW on hard corals in the Sempu Island Nature Reserve’s waters. The method used is the belt transect method, which refers to the reef check. CTW species will be identified based on their operculum, and corals will be identified based on their growth form, genus, and species. The data gathered were processed, and the abundance value and ecological index were obtained. The CTW species found at the five stations were Spirobranchus gardineri, Spirobranchus cruciger, and Spirobranchus spp., associated with massive corals of the genus Porites and genus Goniastrea. Water quality factors such as currents, sedimentation, and nitrates affect CTW’s presence. Medium-to-fast currents circulate around Sempu Island, where high sedimentation rates of 73.73 mg/ cm2/day decrease light penetration into the waterways. Additionally, elevated nitrate levels contribute to the growth of CTW operculum-covering turf algae. CTW abundance values ranged from 0.018 to 0.084 individuals/m2, diversity index (H’) ranged from 0.403 to 0.760 (low), and uniformity index (E) ranged from 0.582 to 0.966 (unstable to stable). The dominance index (C) values ranged from 0.513 to 0.705 (medium). Based on the index value, it was found that the CTW in Sempu Island was in the unstable category, so there was moderate dominance.
{"title":"Water Quality Impact Christmas Tree Worms (Spirobranchus spp.) Distribution and Community Structure on Hard Corals At Sempu Island Nature Reserve, Malang, Indonesia","authors":"A. Isdianto, Syafila Sekar Amanda, Ade Yamindago, Citra Satrya Utama Dewi, Dian Aliviyanti, O. M. Luthfi, Aulia Lanudia Fathah, Dini Atikawati, Berlania Mahardika Putri, Intan Dwi Puspitasari","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186161","url":null,"abstract":"The Christmas tree worm ( Spirobranchus spp.) is a biota that lives in association with hermatypic corals. This bioeroder damages the structural integrity of corals, making them susceptible to breakage. Therefore, further investigation is required to determine the distribution, diversity, uniformity, and predominance of CTW on hard corals in the Sempu Island Nature Reserve’s waters. The method used is the belt transect method, which refers to the reef check. CTW species will be identified based on their operculum, and corals will be identified based on their growth form, genus, and species. The data gathered were processed, and the abundance value and ecological index were obtained. The CTW species found at the five stations were Spirobranchus gardineri, Spirobranchus cruciger, and Spirobranchus spp., associated with massive corals of the genus Porites and genus Goniastrea. Water quality factors such as currents, sedimentation, and nitrates affect CTW’s presence. Medium-to-fast currents circulate around Sempu Island, where high sedimentation rates of 73.73 mg/ cm2/day decrease light penetration into the waterways. Additionally, elevated nitrate levels contribute to the growth of CTW operculum-covering turf algae. CTW abundance values ranged from 0.018 to 0.084 individuals/m2, diversity index (H’) ranged from 0.403 to 0.760 (low), and uniformity index (E) ranged from 0.582 to 0.966 (unstable to stable). The dominance index (C) values ranged from 0.513 to 0.705 (medium). Based on the index value, it was found that the CTW in Sempu Island was in the unstable category, so there was moderate dominance.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141046648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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