Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/171469
Nazi Davitadze
The proposed approach to the processing of plant materials using membrane methods is new in the field of de - veloping new methods for isolating pectin substances and obtaining not only pectin itself, but also new low-cost high-quality pectin-containing products. The studies were carried out on pressings obtained after squeezing juice from citrus fruits (Georgia): lemon (“Meer”), Washington-Navel orange variety, “Unshiu” mandarin and the largest citrus pomelo fruit (China). From the fruits harvested in April-December, the juice was squeezed out and from the remaining mass, which was crushed, by adding HCl (1:10) pectin isolates were obtained, which were concentrated by ultrafiltration. Soluble pectin was precipitated from the concentrated extract with ethyl alcohol, i.e. converted to an insoluble form. The resulting precipitate was thoroughly washed with alcohol and then dried at T = 55°C. The concentration of isolates was carried out by tangential filtration in dynamic mode on a UPL-06 unit, an AR-0.2 ultrafiltration separating apparatus was used as a membrane, which was located vertically in the unit and was a ready-made module with a filtration area of 2 m 2 ; obtained on the basis of polyamide and phenylone – C 2-B hollow fibers VPU-15PA with a pore size of 500 A. Ultrafiltration was carried out in circulation mode to the maximum possible concentration of the extract. The dependence of the productivity of the process of purification-concentration of pectin extracts from citrus fruit waste without their morphological division, pressure, duration and filtration mode, type and term of fruit harvesting was studied. The work performed has shown that the use of semi-permeable membranes for concentrating pectin extracts allows: to a large extent to remove carbohydrates from the extract, to achieve partial discoloration of the pectin extract; ensure 100% retention of pectin substances by membranes; to achieve a high degree of concentration of the extract and made it possible to obtain a pectin preparation with a purity of 95%. The proposed technology using membrane technology makes it possible to ob - tain pectin with a purity of 95% or more by purifying it from ballast impurities at the stage of extract concentration.
{"title":"Modification of the Process of Obtaining Pectin by the Methods of Membrane Technology","authors":"Nazi Davitadze","doi":"10.12911/22998993/171469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/171469","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed approach to the processing of plant materials using membrane methods is new in the field of de - veloping new methods for isolating pectin substances and obtaining not only pectin itself, but also new low-cost high-quality pectin-containing products. The studies were carried out on pressings obtained after squeezing juice from citrus fruits (Georgia): lemon (“Meer”), Washington-Navel orange variety, “Unshiu” mandarin and the largest citrus pomelo fruit (China). From the fruits harvested in April-December, the juice was squeezed out and from the remaining mass, which was crushed, by adding HCl (1:10) pectin isolates were obtained, which were concentrated by ultrafiltration. Soluble pectin was precipitated from the concentrated extract with ethyl alcohol, i.e. converted to an insoluble form. The resulting precipitate was thoroughly washed with alcohol and then dried at T = 55°C. The concentration of isolates was carried out by tangential filtration in dynamic mode on a UPL-06 unit, an AR-0.2 ultrafiltration separating apparatus was used as a membrane, which was located vertically in the unit and was a ready-made module with a filtration area of 2 m 2 ; obtained on the basis of polyamide and phenylone – C 2-B hollow fibers VPU-15PA with a pore size of 500 A. Ultrafiltration was carried out in circulation mode to the maximum possible concentration of the extract. The dependence of the productivity of the process of purification-concentration of pectin extracts from citrus fruit waste without their morphological division, pressure, duration and filtration mode, type and term of fruit harvesting was studied. The work performed has shown that the use of semi-permeable membranes for concentrating pectin extracts allows: to a large extent to remove carbohydrates from the extract, to achieve partial discoloration of the pectin extract; ensure 100% retention of pectin substances by membranes; to achieve a high degree of concentration of the extract and made it possible to obtain a pectin preparation with a purity of 95%. The proposed technology using membrane technology makes it possible to ob - tain pectin with a purity of 95% or more by purifying it from ballast impurities at the stage of extract concentration.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"362 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134996565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/171272
Piotr Stachowski, Stanisław Rolbiecki, Barbara Jagosz, Anna Krakowiak-Bal, Roman Rolbiecki, Anna Figas, Mehmet Gumus, Atilgan Atilgan
The rapidly changing quality of irrigation water requires urgent attention to understand and predict the long-term effects on soils and food crops, especially in a situation of global freshwater scarcity. The aim of the research was to assess changes in water quality in two selected lakes located in Poland in 2009–2016. The study was carried out in terms of the possibility of using selected reservoirs as sources of water for sprinkler irrigation of agricul - tural crops. The presented analysis was compared with a similar one carried out in 1999–2006 and 2004–2009 to determine the historic and present water quality state. Results indicate, that the source of pollution of the lakes is most often outflows from sewerage systems, the precipitation and surface runoff from the catchment areas of these lakes, which are mainly used as agricultural land. In Lake Niepruszewskie, the oxygen conditions, water transpar - ency, phosphorus content, sestone dry matter and coliform titre increased, while the biological oxygen demand (BOD5), nitrogen, and chlorophyll content decreased. According to present research, in the Strykowskie Lake, the phosphorus content and BOD5 decreased, while the sanitary condition, nitrogen content and oxygen conditions deteriorated. The reduction of mineral fertilization in recent years has reduced the degradation of the lakes and allowed the water quality to remain in Class III of purity. Despite the visible improvement in the general condition of both studied lakes, constant monitoring of their quality is necessary, which is obligatory for the water from these reservoirs to be used for sprinkler irrigation of crops.
{"title":"Changes in Water Quality for Sprinkler Irrigation in Selected Lakes of the Poznan Lake District","authors":"Piotr Stachowski, Stanisław Rolbiecki, Barbara Jagosz, Anna Krakowiak-Bal, Roman Rolbiecki, Anna Figas, Mehmet Gumus, Atilgan Atilgan","doi":"10.12911/22998993/171272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/171272","url":null,"abstract":"The rapidly changing quality of irrigation water requires urgent attention to understand and predict the long-term effects on soils and food crops, especially in a situation of global freshwater scarcity. The aim of the research was to assess changes in water quality in two selected lakes located in Poland in 2009–2016. The study was carried out in terms of the possibility of using selected reservoirs as sources of water for sprinkler irrigation of agricul - tural crops. The presented analysis was compared with a similar one carried out in 1999–2006 and 2004–2009 to determine the historic and present water quality state. Results indicate, that the source of pollution of the lakes is most often outflows from sewerage systems, the precipitation and surface runoff from the catchment areas of these lakes, which are mainly used as agricultural land. In Lake Niepruszewskie, the oxygen conditions, water transpar - ency, phosphorus content, sestone dry matter and coliform titre increased, while the biological oxygen demand (BOD5), nitrogen, and chlorophyll content decreased. According to present research, in the Strykowskie Lake, the phosphorus content and BOD5 decreased, while the sanitary condition, nitrogen content and oxygen conditions deteriorated. The reduction of mineral fertilization in recent years has reduced the degradation of the lakes and allowed the water quality to remain in Class III of purity. Despite the visible improvement in the general condition of both studied lakes, constant monitoring of their quality is necessary, which is obligatory for the water from these reservoirs to be used for sprinkler irrigation of crops.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"360 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134996567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/170247
Dian Aghnaita Hasrini, Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati, Jumari Jumari
The mangrove ecosystem of Morosari Village, located in Sayung District, Demak Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, frequent experienced water pollution problems such as tidal flooding, abrasion and pollution due to anthropo - genic activities. These problems can lead to further deterioration of water quality. This study aims to use epipelic diatoms to determine the ecological status of waters based on the diatom index in the coastal waters of Morosari Village, Central Java, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted at 3 sampling locations in July-December 2022. Samples from three stations were analyzed based on the diatom index using OMNIDIA software version 6.1.5 and RStudio Software for water quality. Four diatom water quality indices (IBD, IPS, IDG, and TDI index) were obtained that could provide a percentage value of more than 70% of diatom species. The results of the analysis showed varied ecological status and water quality. Station 1 (IBD, IDG, IPS and TDI index) ranges from 10.9 to 5.2 which is categorized meso-eutrophic to eutrophic in terms of diatom species that dominate Fallacia pygmaea and Nitzschia clausii , station 2 (IBD, IDG, IPS and TDI index) ranges from 14.3 to 6.9 which is categorized mesotrophic to eutrophic in terms of species Diatoma vulgaris and Thalassiosira pseudonana , and station 3 (IBD, IDG, IPS and TDI index) ranges from 13.9 to 3.5 with diatom species dominating Cocconeis placentula and Nitzschia palea .
{"title":"Epipelic Diatoms to Determine Ecological Status Based on Diatom Index in Mangrove Ecosystem of Morosari Village, Indonesia","authors":"Dian Aghnaita Hasrini, Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati, Jumari Jumari","doi":"10.12911/22998993/170247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/170247","url":null,"abstract":"The mangrove ecosystem of Morosari Village, located in Sayung District, Demak Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, frequent experienced water pollution problems such as tidal flooding, abrasion and pollution due to anthropo - genic activities. These problems can lead to further deterioration of water quality. This study aims to use epipelic diatoms to determine the ecological status of waters based on the diatom index in the coastal waters of Morosari Village, Central Java, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted at 3 sampling locations in July-December 2022. Samples from three stations were analyzed based on the diatom index using OMNIDIA software version 6.1.5 and RStudio Software for water quality. Four diatom water quality indices (IBD, IPS, IDG, and TDI index) were obtained that could provide a percentage value of more than 70% of diatom species. The results of the analysis showed varied ecological status and water quality. Station 1 (IBD, IDG, IPS and TDI index) ranges from 10.9 to 5.2 which is categorized meso-eutrophic to eutrophic in terms of diatom species that dominate Fallacia pygmaea and Nitzschia clausii , station 2 (IBD, IDG, IPS and TDI index) ranges from 14.3 to 6.9 which is categorized mesotrophic to eutrophic in terms of species Diatoma vulgaris and Thalassiosira pseudonana , and station 3 (IBD, IDG, IPS and TDI index) ranges from 13.9 to 3.5 with diatom species dominating Cocconeis placentula and Nitzschia palea .","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"359 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134996568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/171562
Kamil Łukasz Bryszewski, Joanna Rodziewicz, Artur Mielcarek, Wojciech Janczukowicz, Karolina Kłobukowska, Joanna Nowosad
The aim of the present study was to determine: the impact of electric current density on the quantity and quality of sewage sludge produced in anaerobic sequencing bio-electrochemical reactor (AnSBBER) with an iron electrode during the treatment of drainage from soilless cultivation of tomatoes. Direct electric current (DC) effect was de - termined at its following densities (J): 0.63 A/m 2 (R1), 1.25 A/m 2 (R2), 2.5 A/m 2 (R3), and 5 A/m 2 (R4). Sodium acetate in (C:N) ratio of 1.0 was supplied to the reactors to ensure the proper biofilm development. Contents of elements (K, P, S, Na, Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn, Mg, C, N and Ca) in the biofilm were determined. Additionally, the content of total suspended solids and the percentage share of volatile suspensions (VSS) in the sludge were determined. The study showed that the organic matter content in the sludge corresponded to the values typical of the stabilized sludge (up to 28.8% d.m. in R2).The increase in electric current density caused an increase in the concentration of phosphorus in the formed sludge (from 6.34 to 8.00% d.m. in 0.63 and 5.00 A/m 2 , respectively). The analyzed sludge, compared to municipal sludge from wastewater treatment plants with biological reactors and activated sludge chambers, is richer in such elements as phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and iron.
{"title":"The Impact of Electric Current for Sewage Sludge Characteristics from Anaerobic Sequencing Bio-Electrochemical Treatment of Sewage Generated During Soilless Tomato Cultivation","authors":"Kamil Łukasz Bryszewski, Joanna Rodziewicz, Artur Mielcarek, Wojciech Janczukowicz, Karolina Kłobukowska, Joanna Nowosad","doi":"10.12911/22998993/171562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/171562","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to determine: the impact of electric current density on the quantity and quality of sewage sludge produced in anaerobic sequencing bio-electrochemical reactor (AnSBBER) with an iron electrode during the treatment of drainage from soilless cultivation of tomatoes. Direct electric current (DC) effect was de - termined at its following densities (J): 0.63 A/m 2 (R1), 1.25 A/m 2 (R2), 2.5 A/m 2 (R3), and 5 A/m 2 (R4). Sodium acetate in (C:N) ratio of 1.0 was supplied to the reactors to ensure the proper biofilm development. Contents of elements (K, P, S, Na, Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn, Mg, C, N and Ca) in the biofilm were determined. Additionally, the content of total suspended solids and the percentage share of volatile suspensions (VSS) in the sludge were determined. The study showed that the organic matter content in the sludge corresponded to the values typical of the stabilized sludge (up to 28.8% d.m. in R2).The increase in electric current density caused an increase in the concentration of phosphorus in the formed sludge (from 6.34 to 8.00% d.m. in 0.63 and 5.00 A/m 2 , respectively). The analyzed sludge, compared to municipal sludge from wastewater treatment plants with biological reactors and activated sludge chambers, is richer in such elements as phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and iron.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"5 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, paperboard mill sludge derived nanocellulose as biosorbent for removal of hexavalent chro - mium from simulated aqueous solution prepared from potassium dichromate. The adsorbents namely, CA-NC and FA-NC were prepared through citric and formic acid hydrolyses of the nanocellulose. The prepared sorbents were utilized for the adsorption of Cr(VI), with parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, solute concentration and contact time played pivotal role in the study. The ideal circumstances of these parameters to perform well were notably pH of 2, with adsorbent dose of 1.5 g, solute concentration of 100 mg·L -1 , with a contact duration of 60 minutes. The adsorption followed pseudo second order reaction and fitted the Langmuir isotherm model indicating chemisorption coupled with monolayer adsorption of adsorbate onto the adsorbent.
{"title":"Paperboard Mill Sludge Derived Nanocellulose as a Biosorbent for Hexavalent Chromium","authors":"Priyadharshini Murugan, Davamani Veeraswamy, Maheswari Muthunalliappan, Lakshmanan Arunachalam, Senthil Natesan, Balasubramanian Govindaraj, Rajamani Premkumar","doi":"10.12911/22998993/170857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/170857","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, paperboard mill sludge derived nanocellulose as biosorbent for removal of hexavalent chro - mium from simulated aqueous solution prepared from potassium dichromate. The adsorbents namely, CA-NC and FA-NC were prepared through citric and formic acid hydrolyses of the nanocellulose. The prepared sorbents were utilized for the adsorption of Cr(VI), with parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, solute concentration and contact time played pivotal role in the study. The ideal circumstances of these parameters to perform well were notably pH of 2, with adsorbent dose of 1.5 g, solute concentration of 100 mg·L -1 , with a contact duration of 60 minutes. The adsorption followed pseudo second order reaction and fitted the Langmuir isotherm model indicating chemisorption coupled with monolayer adsorption of adsorbate onto the adsorbent.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"367 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134996559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biogas Production from Manure of Camel and Sheep Using Tomato and Rumen as Co-Substrate","authors":"Mariam Alharbi, Fathiya Alseroury, Boshra Alkthami","doi":"10.12911/22998993/170984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/170984","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134996575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/171403
Mohammed A. El Shaer, Mohamed A. Abd-Elraheem, Gamal S. Alfawal, Waleed Abd-Elhamed, Mohamed S. Ghaly, Ahmed Ibrahim Nasr
Ensuring environmental and human safety is a crucial requirement in modern industrial practices. Consequently, the utilization of natural substances in the tanning industry could serve as a reliable approach to prevent chemical contamination associated with the use of traditional chromium salts during the tanning process. This study aimed to assess the potential application of black liquor derived from rice straw as a tanning agent for leather. The black liquor was prepared using the Kraft method, and a modified version called modified black liquor (MBL) was cre - ated by gradually reducing the pH from 13 to 7. Subsequently, MBL was employed in the tanning of pickled sheep pelts using four different concentrations: 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the pelts’ weight. The physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties of the resulting MBL-tanned leathers were compared with those of leathers tanned with quebracho extracts to evaluate the suitability of MBL as a tanning agent. The findings demonstrated that MBL leathers exhibited slightly lower physical and organoleptic properties when compared to the quebracho-tanned leathers. Increasing the concentration of MBL up to 30% was sufficient to enhance the properties of the tanned leathers, while concentrations exceeding this threshold did not yield any significant improvements in the leather’s properties. Consequently, the study recommends the use of MBL in leather tanning either in combination with other tanning agents or as a re-tanning agent to enhance the fullness, smoothness, and overall physical quality of the leather, thereby elevating its overall quality.
{"title":"Possible Application of Using Modified Black Liquor from Rice Straw in Leather Tanning","authors":"Mohammed A. El Shaer, Mohamed A. Abd-Elraheem, Gamal S. Alfawal, Waleed Abd-Elhamed, Mohamed S. Ghaly, Ahmed Ibrahim Nasr","doi":"10.12911/22998993/171403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/171403","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring environmental and human safety is a crucial requirement in modern industrial practices. Consequently, the utilization of natural substances in the tanning industry could serve as a reliable approach to prevent chemical contamination associated with the use of traditional chromium salts during the tanning process. This study aimed to assess the potential application of black liquor derived from rice straw as a tanning agent for leather. The black liquor was prepared using the Kraft method, and a modified version called modified black liquor (MBL) was cre - ated by gradually reducing the pH from 13 to 7. Subsequently, MBL was employed in the tanning of pickled sheep pelts using four different concentrations: 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the pelts’ weight. The physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties of the resulting MBL-tanned leathers were compared with those of leathers tanned with quebracho extracts to evaluate the suitability of MBL as a tanning agent. The findings demonstrated that MBL leathers exhibited slightly lower physical and organoleptic properties when compared to the quebracho-tanned leathers. Increasing the concentration of MBL up to 30% was sufficient to enhance the properties of the tanned leathers, while concentrations exceeding this threshold did not yield any significant improvements in the leather’s properties. Consequently, the study recommends the use of MBL in leather tanning either in combination with other tanning agents or as a re-tanning agent to enhance the fullness, smoothness, and overall physical quality of the leather, thereby elevating its overall quality.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"5 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134996031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/171768
Makmur Sirait, Karya Sinulingga, Nurdin Siregar
Rice husk ash (RHA) nanoparticles were prepared to be applied as a filler in the formation of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites. The manufacture of rice husk ash nanoparticles involved the Ball Mill method and the coprecipitation method, while the manufacture of Polyvinyl Alcohol nanocomposite membranes and rice husk ash was carried out by the sol-gel method. The results of XRD analysis using Match software indicated that the crystal structure of rice husk ash is monoclinic with a particle size of 16.55 nm. The mechanical test results obtained the largest elastic modulus of 29.28 MPa in 3% rice husk ash mixture, the largest tensile test of 8.83 MPa in 1% rice husk ash mixture, and the largest elongation at break of 82.08% in 4% rice husk ash mixture. The addition of rice husk ash as a filler can improve the mechanical properties of PVA/rice husk ash nanocomposites
{"title":"Characterization of Nanocomposite Mixture Polyvinyl Alcohol and Rice Husk Ash","authors":"Makmur Sirait, Karya Sinulingga, Nurdin Siregar","doi":"10.12911/22998993/171768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/171768","url":null,"abstract":"Rice husk ash (RHA) nanoparticles were prepared to be applied as a filler in the formation of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites. The manufacture of rice husk ash nanoparticles involved the Ball Mill method and the coprecipitation method, while the manufacture of Polyvinyl Alcohol nanocomposite membranes and rice husk ash was carried out by the sol-gel method. The results of XRD analysis using Match software indicated that the crystal structure of rice husk ash is monoclinic with a particle size of 16.55 nm. The mechanical test results obtained the largest elastic modulus of 29.28 MPa in 3% rice husk ash mixture, the largest tensile test of 8.83 MPa in 1% rice husk ash mixture, and the largest elongation at break of 82.08% in 4% rice husk ash mixture. The addition of rice husk ash as a filler can improve the mechanical properties of PVA/rice husk ash nanocomposites","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134996038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/171787
Anna Mazur-Pączka, Kevin Richard Butt, Mariola Garczyńska, Joanna Kostecka, Grzegorz Pączka
An increase in demand for energy from renewable sources has increased the hectareage of crops grown for energy purposes. The impact of large-scale energy crop monocultures on soil biodiversity is poorly understood and requires long-term monitoring. Due to their specific lifestyle, Lumbricidae, known as “ecosystem engineers”, have found application in biomonitoring of the soil environment. This study aimed to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative structure of Lumbricidae in annual rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) and perennial willow ( Salix viminalis L.) crops for energy purposes, with a permanent grassland as a control site. The research was conducted on the territory of the Podkarpackie Agricultural Advisory Center in Boguchwała (southeastern Poland). Earthworms were obtained by hand sorting soil blocks of 25×25×25 cm and a 0.4% formalin solution was used to extract individuals from deeper soil layers. There were no differences in the species composition of Lumbricidae between the analyzed crops. Five species of earthworms, Dendrodrilus rubidus tenius , Lumbricus rubelllus, Aporrectodea caliginosa, A. rosea, and L. terrestris, were found at each study site . Rapeseed had the lowest density (17.26 ± 9.16 ind·m -2 ) and biomass (5.93 ± 2.42 g·m -2 ) of Lumbricidae (p < 0.05). On sites with willow and permanent grassland, density and biomass of Lumbricidae were similar (69.15 ± 28.99 ind·m -2 ; 26.55 ± 9.67 g·m -2 and 54.04 ± 22.93 ind·m -2 ; 20.03 ± 7.99 g·m -2 , respectively (p > 0.05). The study demonstrated the beneficial effect of perennial willow cultivation on the quantitative structure of earthworm communities. Only long-term biomonitoring will make it possible to determine the real impact of energy crops on invertebrate assemblages and their appropriate management to promote biodiversity.
{"title":"Effects of Selected Annual and Perennial Energy Crops on Lumbricidae Community Assemblages","authors":"Anna Mazur-Pączka, Kevin Richard Butt, Mariola Garczyńska, Joanna Kostecka, Grzegorz Pączka","doi":"10.12911/22998993/171787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/171787","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in demand for energy from renewable sources has increased the hectareage of crops grown for energy purposes. The impact of large-scale energy crop monocultures on soil biodiversity is poorly understood and requires long-term monitoring. Due to their specific lifestyle, Lumbricidae, known as “ecosystem engineers”, have found application in biomonitoring of the soil environment. This study aimed to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative structure of Lumbricidae in annual rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) and perennial willow ( Salix viminalis L.) crops for energy purposes, with a permanent grassland as a control site. The research was conducted on the territory of the Podkarpackie Agricultural Advisory Center in Boguchwała (southeastern Poland). Earthworms were obtained by hand sorting soil blocks of 25×25×25 cm and a 0.4% formalin solution was used to extract individuals from deeper soil layers. There were no differences in the species composition of Lumbricidae between the analyzed crops. Five species of earthworms, Dendrodrilus rubidus tenius , Lumbricus rubelllus, Aporrectodea caliginosa, A. rosea, and L. terrestris, were found at each study site . Rapeseed had the lowest density (17.26 ± 9.16 ind·m -2 ) and biomass (5.93 ± 2.42 g·m -2 ) of Lumbricidae (p < 0.05). On sites with willow and permanent grassland, density and biomass of Lumbricidae were similar (69.15 ± 28.99 ind·m -2 ; 26.55 ± 9.67 g·m -2 and 54.04 ± 22.93 ind·m -2 ; 20.03 ± 7.99 g·m -2 , respectively (p > 0.05). The study demonstrated the beneficial effect of perennial willow cultivation on the quantitative structure of earthworm communities. Only long-term biomonitoring will make it possible to determine the real impact of energy crops on invertebrate assemblages and their appropriate management to promote biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134996039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/171543
Hayder H. Kareem, Muammar H. Attaee, Zainab Ali Omran
Since surface water is such a vital component to ecosystem health and human well-being, knowing where it can be found is of paramount importance. Moderate and low-resolution satellite photos are widely used for this purpose because to their practicality in large-scale implementation. However, very high-resolution (VHR) satellite pictures are required for the detection and analysis of more intricate surface water features and small water bodies. Extraction of water from VHR pictures on a wide scale necessitates efficient and reliable technologies. Cardiff City in Wales, United Kingdom is the area under investigation for the Enhanced Water Index (EWI) which will through this index can detect the surface water bodies (SWBs). The Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus ETM+, and Operational Land Imager OLI Landsat images have been analyzed to extract SWBs over the years 1974, 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014, and 2023. Results shows that the years 1974, 1994, and 2014 have less SWBs regions compared to the years 1984, 2004, and 2023. Regions suffer from dry were larger than those contain water in the years 1974, 1994, and 2014, while in the years 1984, 2004, and 2023, SWBs were very large, leaving behind small areas that suffered from drought. It can expect from this study that the return period of dryness or wetness may happen every 20 years. This research can be used as a reference when developing new methods for extracting water body information from VHR photos, and it can be used to the mapping of water bodies in other broad regions.
{"title":"Extraction of the Spatial and Temporal Surface Water Bodies Using High Resolution Remote Sensing Technology","authors":"Hayder H. Kareem, Muammar H. Attaee, Zainab Ali Omran","doi":"10.12911/22998993/171543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/171543","url":null,"abstract":"Since surface water is such a vital component to ecosystem health and human well-being, knowing where it can be found is of paramount importance. Moderate and low-resolution satellite photos are widely used for this purpose because to their practicality in large-scale implementation. However, very high-resolution (VHR) satellite pictures are required for the detection and analysis of more intricate surface water features and small water bodies. Extraction of water from VHR pictures on a wide scale necessitates efficient and reliable technologies. Cardiff City in Wales, United Kingdom is the area under investigation for the Enhanced Water Index (EWI) which will through this index can detect the surface water bodies (SWBs). The Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus ETM+, and Operational Land Imager OLI Landsat images have been analyzed to extract SWBs over the years 1974, 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014, and 2023. Results shows that the years 1974, 1994, and 2014 have less SWBs regions compared to the years 1984, 2004, and 2023. Regions suffer from dry were larger than those contain water in the years 1974, 1994, and 2014, while in the years 1984, 2004, and 2023, SWBs were very large, leaving behind small areas that suffered from drought. It can expect from this study that the return period of dryness or wetness may happen every 20 years. This research can be used as a reference when developing new methods for extracting water body information from VHR photos, and it can be used to the mapping of water bodies in other broad regions.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"366 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134996560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：