Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献

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Exploring the malleability of self-bias in social contexts: Effects of interpersonal relationship, group membership, and social presence. 社会情境下自我偏见的可塑性探讨：人际关系、群体成员和社会存在的影响。

IF 3.5 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001845

Mingyuan Chu, Xun He, Jie Sui

The self-bias effect, characterized by the prioritization of self-related information in cognitive processing, is well-documented, yet its flexibility within social contexts remains underexplored. This study examined how interpersonal relationships (cooperation vs. competition), group membership (ingroup vs. outgroup), and mere social presence modulate self-bias in task performance. In three experiments, participants completed a shape-label matching task in which geometric shapes were arbitrarily associated with self, partner, or stranger identities. Perceptual sensitivity (d') and reaction times (RTs) were analyzed to assess self- and partner bias across social conditions. Results demonstrated that self-bias was selectively malleable: Competition significantly enhanced self-bias in d', whereas cooperation had no effect. Additionally, self-bias was more pronounced in the presence of an outgroup partner compared with an ingroup partner. By contrast, mere social presence did not alter self-bias, indicating that passive copresence alone is insufficient to modulate self-prioritization. RTs remained unaffected by social context, suggesting that social influences primarily impact perceptual sensitivity rather than processing speed. Partner bias was consistently observed across all experiments but remained unaffected by social contexts, implying that while brief interaction is enough to establish a basic level of social relevance, stronger social engagement may be required to further modulate partner-related processing. These findings suggest that self-bias is selectively malleable, responding to contexts that accentuate self-other distinctions, while remaining robust against cooperative incentives or passive copresence, and highlighting the stability of partner bias in minimal social contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

以自我相关信息在认知过程中的优先级为特征的自我偏见效应已被充分证明，但其在社会环境中的灵活性仍未得到充分探讨。本研究考察了人际关系（合作与竞争）、群体成员关系（内群体与外群体）和单纯的社会存在如何调节任务表现中的自我偏见。在三个实验中，参与者完成了一个形状标签匹配任务，在这个任务中，几何形状被任意地与自己、伴侣或陌生人的身份联系在一起。知觉敏感度（d'）和反应时间（RTs）被分析来评估在不同社会条件下的自我和伴侣偏见。结果表明，自我偏见具有选择性延展性：竞争显著增强了自我偏见，而合作则没有影响。此外，与群内伙伴相比，群外伙伴在场时，自我偏见更为明显。相比之下，单纯的社交存在并不能改变自我偏见，这表明被动的社交存在本身不足以调节自我优先级。即时反应不受社会背景的影响，这表明社会影响主要影响感知敏感性，而不是处理速度。在所有实验中都观察到伴侣偏见，但不受社会背景的影响，这意味着虽然短暂的互动足以建立基本的社会相关性，但进一步调节伴侣相关处理可能需要更强的社会参与。这些发现表明，自我偏见具有选择性的可塑性，对强调自我与他人差异的环境做出反应，同时对合作激励或被动参与保持强劲，并在最小的社会环境中突出伴侣偏见的稳定性。（PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA，版权所有）。

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