Journal of Environmental Economics and Management最新文献

英文中文

Guilty or scapegoat? Land consolidation and hedgerow decline 有罪还是替罪羊？土地整理和绿篱退化

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103196

Valentin Cocco , Raja Chakir , Lauriane Mouysset

Land consolidation is a standard policy tool to reduce land fragmentation through the spatial redistribution of property rights; however, the risk of adverse effects on the landscape raises concerns about its environmental sustainability. This study investigates the landscape impacts of consolidation on the hedgerow network of Lower Normandy, France. Implementing a staggered difference-in-differences strategy on a longitudinal survey (1972–2010), we show that consolidation led to a significant reduction in hedgerow density of −14.3 m/ha (standard error: 2.33), accounting for 13.7 % of the overall decline observed in consolidated areas. We also find a diminishing impact over time of consolidation and time since consolidation, an increasing impact with higher initial hedgerow density, no spillover effect, and a negative impact on network connectivity. An outline cost-benefit analysis suggests that the social costs of uprooting hedgerows outweigh the private benefits. Overall, this paper confirms that land consolidation has significantly contributed to the decline of hedgerows with economic costs, but it challenges prevailing beliefs about the policy’s share of responsibility with respect to other landscape change factors.

土地整理是通过产权的空间再分配减少土地破碎化的标准政策工具；然而，对景观的不利影响的风险引起了对其环境可持续性的关注。本研究调查了法国下诺曼底地区植物篱网整治对景观的影响。在纵向调查（1972-2010）中实施交错差中差策略，我们发现固结导致树篱密度显著降低- 14.3 米/公顷（标准误差：2.33），占固结地区观察到的总体下降的13.7 %。我们还发现，随着整合时间和整合后时间的推移，影响逐渐减小，初始篱密度越高，影响越大，没有溢出效应，对网络连通性产生负面影响。一份成本效益分析纲要显示，连根拔起树篱的社会成本大于个人收益。总体而言，本文证实了土地整理在经济成本上显著促进了绿篱的减少，但它挑战了关于政策在其他景观变化因素方面的责任份额的普遍看法。

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引用次数: 0

Internalizing externalities through ecological compensation: Evidence from trans-boundary water pollution in China 通过生态补偿将外部性内部化：来自中国跨界水污染的证据

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103200

Xiaoxi Wang , Meng Xu , Kevin Chen

This study examines the effects of China's cross-provincial ecological compensation scheme (CpECS) on trans-boundary water pollution. Using a staggered difference-in-differences method, we find that the CpECS significantly reduces water pollution in terms of ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentrations by 33.4 %. By linking water quality with point-source and nonpoint-source pollution control practices, we find that these improvements result from reductions in industrial wastewater discharge and pig production, and improvement in municipal sewage treatment capacity. However, the scheme does not yield a significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations, likely due to a lack of incentives to exceed contractual targets in policy areas once those targets are met.

本研究探讨了中国跨省生态补偿机制对跨界水污染的影响。采用交错差中差法，我们发现CpECS显著降低了33.4%的氨氮（NH3-N）浓度。通过将水质与点源和非点源污染控制措施联系起来，我们发现这些改善来自工业废水排放和生猪生产的减少，以及城市污水处理能力的提高。然而，该计划并没有显著减少化学需氧量（COD）浓度，这可能是因为一旦达到政策领域的合同目标，缺乏超越这些目标的激励措施。

引用次数: 0

Gone with the wind? Impacts of hurricanes on college enrollment and completion 随风而逝？飓风对大学入学和毕业的影响

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103203

Fanyu Liu , Kerui Geng , Feng Chen

Hurricanes have significant and growing economic impacts. While the physical destruction is immediately visible, the disruptions to education and their long-term effects on human capital are often less apparent. This study examines the impact of hurricanes on U.S. higher education enrollment and completion using data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System and a Differences-in-Differences Event Study approach. We find that two-year colleges experience an approximately 10 % decline in both enrollment and the number of degrees and certifications awarded within a decade following a hurricane, whereas four-year institutions exhibit no significant effects. The impact is more pronounced in institutions exposed to higher hurricane intensity and frequency, public two-year colleges, and those with a greater reliance on local student populations and higher admission rates. These effects appear to be driven by shifts in migration patterns, declines in high school graduates, and local labor market disruptions. Our findings suggest that targeted government disaster aid for community colleges could be more effective.

飓风对经济的影响越来越大。虽然有形的破坏是显而易见的，但对教育的破坏及其对人力资本的长期影响往往不那么明显。本研究使用综合高等教育数据系统的数据和差异事件研究方法，考察了飓风对美国高等教育入学率和结业率的影响。我们发现，在飓风过后的十年内，两年制大学的入学人数和授予的学位和证书数量都下降了大约10%，而四年制大学则没有明显的影响。这种影响在飓风强度和频率较高的机构、公立两年制大学以及那些更依赖当地学生群体和录取率较高的大学中更为明显。这些影响似乎是由移民模式的转变、高中毕业生的减少和当地劳动力市场的中断所驱动的。我们的研究结果表明，政府为社区大学提供有针对性的灾难援助可能会更有效。

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引用次数: 0

Birth outcome effects of nitrate contamination in drinking water 饮用水中硝酸盐污染对出生结局的影响

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103197

Elizabeth Sorensen Montoya

Despite the prevalence of drinking water contamination in the United States, its health effects are not well understood. Unlike the extensive research on health impacts of air pollution, studies on water contamination are limited, mainly due to a lack of high-frequency water contamination data. To address this gap, I construct a novel dataset of monthly nitrate contamination levels in California’s community water systems linked with individual birth records. Nitrate contamination is a persistent issue in water systems in the United States, posing a potential threat to infant health. This study estimates the effect of prenatal exposure to nitrate contamination below current regulatory limits on birth outcomes. Using a panel fixed-effects approach with water system and time fixed effects, I compare birth outcomes across infants from the same water system who were exposed to differing levels of nitrate contamination during each trimester of gestation. I find that second-trimester exposure to nitrate concentrations below regulatory limits increases the likelihood of preterm birth and low birth weight by 1.2 and 1 percentage point, respectively. Relative to sample means, these estimates translate to a 15 % increase in the probability of preterm birth and a 17 % increase in the probability of low birth weight birth. Results further suggest that lowering the current regulatory limit below 5 mg/L (half the current limit) could prevent nitrate-related adverse birth outcomes.

尽管饮用水污染在美国很普遍，但其对健康的影响还没有得到很好的了解。与对空气污染对健康影响的广泛研究不同，对水污染的研究是有限的，主要是由于缺乏高频水污染数据。为了解决这一差距，我构建了一个新的数据集，将加州社区供水系统中每月硝酸盐污染水平与个人出生记录联系起来。硝酸盐污染是美国水系统中一个长期存在的问题，对婴儿健康构成潜在威胁。本研究估计产前暴露于硝酸盐污染的影响低于目前的监管限制对分娩结果。使用水系统和时间固定效应的面板固定效应方法，我比较了来自同一水系统的婴儿的出生结果，他们在妊娠的每个三个月暴露于不同水平的硝酸盐污染。我发现妊娠中期暴露于低于规定限制的硝酸盐浓度会使早产和低出生体重的可能性分别增加1.2和1个百分点。相对于样本平均值，这些估计转化为早产的概率增加15% %，低出生体重出生的概率增加17% %。结果进一步表明，将目前的监管限值降低到5 mg/L以下（目前限值的一半）可以预防硝酸盐相关的不良出生结局。

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引用次数: 0

Individual versus group-level agglomeration bonuses to conserve biodiversity 保护生物多样性的个体与群体集聚奖励

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103193

François Bareille , Raphaël Soubeyran

Agglomeration bonuses (ABs) are payments conditional on the contiguity of landowners’ conservation areas. We study whether differentiating the bonuses between internal (within-landholding) and external (between-landholdings) boundaries can improve biodiversity conservation. Using an ecological-economic model and game theory, our simulations on realistic landscapes consisting of several multi-plot landholdings reveal that such differentiation is key in determining AB cost-effectiveness. Undifferentiated ABs (where internal equal external bonuses) are the most cost-effective schemes when regulators’ budgets are low. Yet, when budgets increase, AB cost-effectiveness improves by increasingly prioritizing internal over external bonuses, until a budget threshold beyond which only internal bonuses remain. The complexity of compensation between plots belonging to different landowners largely explains these patterns. Given this complexity, the most cost-effective schemes are characterized by little or no cooperation between landowners. Regarding policy, we conclude that differentiated ABs are cost-effective schemes that should be part of the regulators’ toolbox.

集聚奖金（ABs）是根据土地所有者保护区的邻近程度来支付的。我们研究了区分内部（土地所有权内）和外部（土地所有权之间）边界之间的红利是否可以改善生物多样性保护。利用生态经济模型和博弈论，我们对由多个地块组成的现实景观进行了模拟，结果表明，这种差异是决定AB成本效益的关键。在监管机构预算较低的情况下，无差别资产证券化（内部和外部奖金相等）是最具成本效益的方案。然而，当预算增加时，AB的成本效益会提高，因为内部奖金比外部奖金更重要，直到超过预算阈值，只剩下内部奖金。不同土地所有者之间补偿的复杂性在很大程度上解释了这些模式。鉴于这种复杂性，最具成本效益的方案的特点是土地所有者之间很少或根本没有合作。在政策方面，我们得出结论，差异化ABs是具有成本效益的方案，应该成为监管机构工具箱的一部分。

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引用次数: 0

Scarcity, willingness to pay for species, and imperfect substitutability with market goods 稀缺性，为物种买单的意愿，以及市场商品的不完全可替代性

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103192

Marc N. Conte , Ethan T. Addicott , Maxanne M. Millerhaller

The impacts of biodiversity loss on human well-being depend on how much we value benefits from nature and the extent to which substitutes exist in the market for these benefits. The lack of markets for environmental goods and services, coupled with non-linearities and irreversibility in socio-environmental systems, presents unique challenges for understanding the consequences of biodiversity loss. We use a rationed-good framework to explore how species scarcity impacts marginal WTP for species and its income elasticity. We note that marginal WTP need not be decreasing in species abundance and may even be increasing, particularly if the associated suite of benefits contributes to real income via reductions in defensive expenditures. Using a new dataset of species abundance and species-level WTP estimates, we test our predictions that species abundance will impact marginal WTP and its income elasticity. Our point estimates of the income elasticity of WTP (

η = 0.44 - 0.51

) are stable across a range of model specifications. Under the assumption of homothetic preferences, this value suggests that the species in our dataset are generally weakly substitutable with market goods (

σ = 1.96 - 2.27

); however, we show that complementarity between species and market goods increases as the species’ level of threat increases:

η = 1.13

σ = 0.88

for critically endangered species. The observed relationships cannot be captured by the functional forms for utility used in many models driving policymaking.

生物多样性丧失对人类福祉的影响取决于我们对自然利益的重视程度以及市场上这些利益的替代品存在的程度。缺乏环境产品和服务的市场，加上社会环境系统的非线性和不可逆性，为理解生物多样性丧失的后果提出了独特的挑战。我们使用定量好的框架来探讨物种稀缺性如何影响物种的边际WTP及其收入弹性。我们注意到边际WTP不一定会减少物种丰度，甚至可能会增加，特别是如果相关的一系列利益通过减少防御支出而有助于实际收入。利用物种丰度和物种水平WTP估算数据，我们验证了物种丰度将影响边际WTP及其收入弹性的预测。我们对WTP收入弹性的点估计（η=0.44 - 0.51）在模型规格范围内是稳定的。在同质偏好的假设下，该值表明我们数据集中的物种通常与市场商品具有弱可替代性（σ=1.96−2.27）；然而，物种与市场商品之间的互补性随着物种威胁程度的增加而增加：对于极度濒危物种，η=1.13, σ=0.88。观察到的关系不能通过许多驱动政策制定的模型中使用的实用功能形式来捕获。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of exposure to pipeline gas connection during pregnancy on child development: Evidence from China 怀孕期间接触管道气体连接对儿童发育的影响：来自中国的证据

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103195

Hongshan Ai, Xiaoqing Tan

Using a pipeline gas connection program in Chinese communities, this paper estimates the long-term impact of household access to cleaner fuel during pregnancy on child development. Our difference-in-differences estimates show that in-utero exposure to pipeline gas connection increases height-for-age z-score and reduces the rates of stunting and severe stunting among children aged 0–15 years in China. We do not find statistically significant impacts on weight-related outcomes. The positive effects on child height are larger for girls, poor children, and rural children, suggesting that building public energy infrastructure during pregnancy could help reduce gender, socioeconomic, and urban-rural disparities in child development. The improvement in birth outcomes and infancy health status and the increase in household investment might be two main underlying mechanisms behind the long-term health benefits from in-utero exposure to pipeline gas connection. Our further calculations show that the pipeline gas connection program is highly cost-beneficial and should be subsidized and supported by the government to increase household access to clean energy.

本文利用中国社区的管道天然气连接项目，估计了家庭在怀孕期间获得清洁燃料对儿童发育的长期影响。我们的异中之差估计表明，在中国，子宫内接触管道气体连接会增加身高与年龄的z得分，并降低0-15岁儿童的发育迟缓和严重发育迟缓率。我们没有发现对体重相关结果有统计学意义的影响。对女孩、贫困儿童和农村儿童的身高影响更大，这表明在怀孕期间建设公共能源基础设施有助于减少儿童发育中的性别、社会经济和城乡差异。出生结果和婴儿健康状况的改善以及家庭投资的增加可能是子宫内接触管道气体连接带来长期健康益处的两个主要潜在机制。我们进一步的计算表明，管道天然气连接计划具有很高的成本效益，应该得到政府的补贴和支持，以增加家庭获得清洁能源的机会。

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引用次数: 0

The market for ethical goods 道德产品市场

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103182

Nicolas Bonneton

This paper studies how consumers and producers sort themselves in markets for ethically labeled goods, such as “organic” or “child-labor-free,” considering both extrinsic and intrinsic motives. I show how greenwashing arises from the interplay between prosocial motives and equilibrium sorting. A positive demand shock leads more producers to adopt the label, including some with weaker ethical motives. This lowers the expected environmental and social quality of labeled, but also unlabeled goods. The optimal subsidy for producing ethically labeled goods is smaller than the Pigouvian subsidy, and in some cases, it may even be optimal to tax these goods.

本文研究了消费者和生产者如何在市场上对带有道德标签的商品（如“有机”或“无童工”）进行分类，同时考虑了外在和内在动机。我展示了亲社会动机和平衡排序之间的相互作用是如何产生“漂绿”的。积极的需求冲击导致更多的生产商采用这个标签，包括一些道德动机较弱的生产商。这降低了标签商品和未标签商品的预期环境和社会质量。对生产有道德标签的商品的最优补贴小于庇古补贴，在某些情况下，对这些商品征税甚至可能是最优的。

引用次数: 0

Anticipatory effects of regulating the commons 管制公地的预期效应

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103183

Ellen M. Bruno , Nick Hagerty

We study the regulation of common-pool resources under long implementation horizons. First, we show that future regulation can induce either anticipatory compliance or perverse incentives to accelerate extraction (a “Green Paradox”). Then, we evaluate the early effects of a major groundwater regulation in California that does not yet bind. We assemble new data and compare within pairs of neighboring agencies that face varying restrictions on extraction. Differences in future regulation do not affect measures of water-intensive investments or groundwater extraction today. This lack of anticipatory response in either direction can be explained by time preferences: high private discount rates and/or a long implementation horizon dissipate any anticipatory effects. Common-pool resources face a lower risk of perverse incentives than excludable resources, but private actors still may not comply in advance.

我们研究了长期实施视野下的公共资源管理。首先，我们表明，未来的监管既可以诱导预期的合规，也可以诱导不正当的激励来加速开采（“绿色悖论”）。然后，我们评估了加州尚未生效的一项主要地下水法规的早期影响。我们收集新数据，并在面临不同提取限制的相邻机构之间进行配对比较。未来监管的差异不会影响今天对水密集型投资或地下水开采的衡量。在任何一个方向上缺乏预期反应都可以用时间偏好来解释：高私人贴现率和/或较长的执行期限消散了任何预期效应。与排他资源相比，公共资源面临的不当激励风险更低，但私人行为者仍可能不提前遵守。

引用次数: 0

Do microclimates matter? The health impacts of urban heat using fine-scale data 小气候有影响吗？利用精细尺度数据研究城市热量对健康的影响

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103191

Luorao Bian

Cities tend to be warmer than their suburban counterparts, a phenomenon known as the heat island effect. This effect varies significantly over time and across different neighborhoods. This study examines the health implications of neighborhood-level temperature variations and the role of urban heat in the temperature–health relationship. Using high-resolution satellite-derived surface temperature data and emergency medical service records from Northern California, the analysis employs fixed-effects Poisson regressions. The findings show that neighborhood-level extreme heat has significant adverse health effects. However, urban heat—a highly localized and predominantly anthropogenic component of overall temperature—is less harmful than temperature shifts on a larger geographic scale. This is likely because people can better adapt to urban heat. These results highlight the importance of considering both overall temperature exposure and adaptation potential in urban environments. The effects of urban heat also vary by season. While additional warmth can provide protection during colder periods, it poses substantial health risks on warmer days. Finally, policy simulations suggest that mitigating extreme urban heat could effectively reduce health risks, particularly during warm periods. Tree planting, especially in less vegetated areas, is a beneficial strategy for protecting urban populations.

城市往往比郊区更温暖，这种现象被称为热岛效应。这种影响随着时间的推移和不同社区的差异很大。本研究探讨了邻里水平温度变化对健康的影响，以及城市热量在温度-健康关系中的作用。利用来自北加州的高分辨率卫星获取的地表温度数据和紧急医疗服务记录，分析采用了固定效应泊松回归。研究结果表明，社区极端高温对健康有显著的不利影响。然而，城市热量——总体温度的高度局域化和主要人为因素——比更大地理范围内的温度变化危害更小。这可能是因为人们能更好地适应城市的高温。这些结果强调了考虑城市环境中整体温度暴露和适应潜力的重要性。城市热量的影响也因季节而异。虽然额外的温暖可以在寒冷的季节提供保护，但在温暖的日子里，它会带来巨大的健康风险。最后，政策模拟表明，减轻城市极端高温可以有效降低健康风险，特别是在温暖时期。植树造林，特别是在植被较少的地区，是保护城市人口的有益策略。

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