Journal of Environmental Economics and Management最新文献

英文中文

Birth outcome effects of nitrate contamination in drinking water 饮用水中硝酸盐污染对出生结局的影响

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103197

Elizabeth Sorensen Montoya

Despite the prevalence of drinking water contamination in the United States, its health effects are not well understood. Unlike the extensive research on health impacts of air pollution, studies on water contamination are limited, mainly due to a lack of high-frequency water contamination data. To address this gap, I construct a novel dataset of monthly nitrate contamination levels in California’s community water systems linked with individual birth records. Nitrate contamination is a persistent issue in water systems in the United States, posing a potential threat to infant health. This study estimates the effect of prenatal exposure to nitrate contamination below current regulatory limits on birth outcomes. Using a panel fixed-effects approach with water system and time fixed effects, I compare birth outcomes across infants from the same water system who were exposed to differing levels of nitrate contamination during each trimester of gestation. I find that second-trimester exposure to nitrate concentrations below regulatory limits increases the likelihood of preterm birth and low birth weight by 1.2 and 1 percentage point, respectively. Relative to sample means, these estimates translate to a 15 % increase in the probability of preterm birth and a 17 % increase in the probability of low birth weight birth. Results further suggest that lowering the current regulatory limit below 5 mg/L (half the current limit) could prevent nitrate-related adverse birth outcomes.

尽管饮用水污染在美国很普遍，但其对健康的影响还没有得到很好的了解。与对空气污染对健康影响的广泛研究不同，对水污染的研究是有限的，主要是由于缺乏高频水污染数据。为了解决这一差距，我构建了一个新的数据集，将加州社区供水系统中每月硝酸盐污染水平与个人出生记录联系起来。硝酸盐污染是美国水系统中一个长期存在的问题，对婴儿健康构成潜在威胁。本研究估计产前暴露于硝酸盐污染的影响低于目前的监管限制对分娩结果。使用水系统和时间固定效应的面板固定效应方法，我比较了来自同一水系统的婴儿的出生结果，他们在妊娠的每个三个月暴露于不同水平的硝酸盐污染。我发现妊娠中期暴露于低于规定限制的硝酸盐浓度会使早产和低出生体重的可能性分别增加1.2和1个百分点。相对于样本平均值，这些估计转化为早产的概率增加15% %，低出生体重出生的概率增加17% %。结果进一步表明，将目前的监管限值降低到5 mg/L以下（目前限值的一半）可以预防硝酸盐相关的不良出生结局。

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引用次数: 0

Nature and the ultimate resource: Sustainability with poor input substitution 自然和最终资源：投入替代不良的可持续性

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103209

Lucas Bretschger

The paper develops an endogenous growth framework to show that poor input substitution and population growth are compatible with sustainable development, once labor and knowledge are adequately taken into account. A sustainable economy with poor input substitution relies on the combination of a favorable demand effect, providing a “safe haven" for capital and knowledge, and a supply effect that is supported by the “waterbed function" of labor. Population growth promotes sustainability through innovation, but has a negative impact if it implies increased pressure on ecosystem services. Induced innovation cannot avert an economic catastrophe when the ecology is tipping. Degrowth policies protect the environment but harm welfare level and development. Knowledge is the most important economic indicator of sustainability, but measurements at sectoral and country levels must be interpreted with great care.

本文发展了一个内生增长框架，表明一旦充分考虑劳动力和知识，投入替代和人口增长与可持续发展是相容的。投入替代较差的可持续经济依赖于为资本和知识提供“避风港”的有利需求效应和由劳动“水床功能”支撑的供给效应的结合。人口增长通过创新促进可持续性，但如果它意味着对生态系统服务的压力增加，则会产生负面影响。当生态崩溃时，诱导创新无法避免一场经济灾难。去增长政策保护了环境，但损害了福利水平和发展。知识是可持续性最重要的经济指标，但必须非常谨慎地解释部门和国家一级的衡量标准。

引用次数: 0

The market for ethical goods 道德产品市场

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103182

Nicolas Bonneton

This paper studies how consumers and producers sort themselves in markets for ethically labeled goods, such as “organic” or “child-labor-free,” considering both extrinsic and intrinsic motives. I show how greenwashing arises from the interplay between prosocial motives and equilibrium sorting. A positive demand shock leads more producers to adopt the label, including some with weaker ethical motives. This lowers the expected environmental and social quality of labeled, but also unlabeled goods. The optimal subsidy for producing ethically labeled goods is smaller than the Pigouvian subsidy, and in some cases, it may even be optimal to tax these goods.

本文研究了消费者和生产者如何在市场上对带有道德标签的商品（如“有机”或“无童工”）进行分类，同时考虑了外在和内在动机。我展示了亲社会动机和平衡排序之间的相互作用是如何产生“漂绿”的。积极的需求冲击导致更多的生产商采用这个标签，包括一些道德动机较弱的生产商。这降低了标签商品和未标签商品的预期环境和社会质量。对生产有道德标签的商品的最优补贴小于庇古补贴，在某些情况下，对这些商品征税甚至可能是最优的。

引用次数: 0

Fishing bans in Chinese waters: Effectiveness and spillovers 中国海域禁渔：有效性和溢出效应

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103202

Haishan Yuan

China’s large-scale seasonal fishing bans aim to promote sustainable fisheries, yet their effectiveness remains uncertain given the challenges of monitoring vast ocean areas. Using a novel dataset of nighttime vessel detections and a regression discontinuity in time (RDiT) design, we find that the bans reduce boat detections within China’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) by 72 %, with a sharp increase upon lifting. Boat detections also decline in neighboring EEZs at the start of China’s bans, indicating regulatory spillovers. Data from AIS-equipped vessels reveal that Chinese boats operate in neighboring EEZs, while foreign vessels fish in the Chinese EEZ. Compliance weakens in the later stages of the bans, with more boats detected in areas with favorable conditions. My findings suggest that command-and-control approaches can be effective for fishery management in contexts where market-based alternatives may not be practical. The results also underscore the importance of addressing regulatory spillovers and strengthening complementary enforcement.

中国的大规模季节性捕捞禁令旨在促进可持续渔业，但鉴于监测广阔海域的挑战，其有效性仍不确定。利用夜间船只检测的新数据集和时间上的回归不连续（RDiT）设计，我们发现禁令使中国专属经济区（EEZ）内的船只检测减少了72% %，并在解除后急剧增加。在中国实施禁令之初，邻近专属经济区的船只检测数量也有所下降，这表明监管的溢出效应。装备ais的船只的数据显示，中国船只在邻近的专属经济区作业，而外国船只在中国专属经济区捕鱼。在禁令的后期阶段，在条件有利的地区发现更多的船只，遵守情况减弱。我的研究结果表明，在基于市场的替代方案可能不实际的情况下，命令和控制方法对渔业管理是有效的。结果还强调了解决监管溢出效应和加强互补执法的重要性。

引用次数: 0

Heat and experienced racial segregation 并经历了种族隔离

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103210

Till Baldenius , Hannah Klauber , Nicolas Koch

Racial segregation remains a persistent social challenge in cities worldwide. While public spaces promote diverse encounters, recent research suggests that extreme temperatures influence how much time individuals spend in these places. We evaluate whether such behavioral responses affect racial segregation, highlighting a previously unexplored channel between global warming and social welfare. Using mobile phone data on movement patterns to millions of locations in 315 US cities between 2018 and 2020, we estimate an index of experienced segregation in visits to different destinations between whites and other ethnic groups. We then exploit week-to-week variation in temperatures and the segregation index within cities to show that heat increases segregation, especially among individuals from lower-income areas and at places for leisure activities. A week with average maximum temperatures of 33

^{\circ}

C in a city with moderate baseline segregation like Los Angeles moves the experienced segregation about 14 % closer to the level prevailing in the more segregated city of Atlanta. Climate projections demonstrate that mitigation policies can have significant co-benefits in cushioning future increases in racial segregation.

种族隔离仍然是世界各地城市持续存在的社会挑战。虽然公共空间促进了不同的相遇，但最近的研究表明，极端温度会影响人们在这些地方呆的时间。我们评估了这种行为反应是否会影响种族隔离，强调了全球变暖和社会福利之间以前未被探索的渠道。利用2018年至2020年期间美国315个城市数百万个地点的移动数据，我们估计了白人和其他种族群体在不同目的地旅行时经历的隔离指数。然后，我们利用城市内每周的温度变化和隔离指数来表明，高温加剧了隔离，特别是在低收入地区和休闲活动场所的个人之间。在洛杉矶这样一个有适度种族隔离基线的城市，一周的平均最高气温为33°C，这使经历过种族隔离的人更接近种族隔离程度更高的亚特兰大。气候预测表明，缓解政策在缓解未来种族隔离加剧方面可产生显著的协同效益。

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引用次数: 0

Individual versus group-level agglomeration bonuses to conserve biodiversity 保护生物多样性的个体与群体集聚奖励

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103193

François Bareille , Raphaël Soubeyran

Agglomeration bonuses (ABs) are payments conditional on the contiguity of landowners’ conservation areas. We study whether differentiating the bonuses between internal (within-landholding) and external (between-landholdings) boundaries can improve biodiversity conservation. Using an ecological-economic model and game theory, our simulations on realistic landscapes consisting of several multi-plot landholdings reveal that such differentiation is key in determining AB cost-effectiveness. Undifferentiated ABs (where internal equal external bonuses) are the most cost-effective schemes when regulators’ budgets are low. Yet, when budgets increase, AB cost-effectiveness improves by increasingly prioritizing internal over external bonuses, until a budget threshold beyond which only internal bonuses remain. The complexity of compensation between plots belonging to different landowners largely explains these patterns. Given this complexity, the most cost-effective schemes are characterized by little or no cooperation between landowners. Regarding policy, we conclude that differentiated ABs are cost-effective schemes that should be part of the regulators’ toolbox.

集聚奖金（ABs）是根据土地所有者保护区的邻近程度来支付的。我们研究了区分内部（土地所有权内）和外部（土地所有权之间）边界之间的红利是否可以改善生物多样性保护。利用生态经济模型和博弈论，我们对由多个地块组成的现实景观进行了模拟，结果表明，这种差异是决定AB成本效益的关键。在监管机构预算较低的情况下，无差别资产证券化（内部和外部奖金相等）是最具成本效益的方案。然而，当预算增加时，AB的成本效益会提高，因为内部奖金比外部奖金更重要，直到超过预算阈值，只剩下内部奖金。不同土地所有者之间补偿的复杂性在很大程度上解释了这些模式。鉴于这种复杂性，最具成本效益的方案的特点是土地所有者之间很少或根本没有合作。在政策方面，我们得出结论，差异化ABs是具有成本效益的方案，应该成为监管机构工具箱的一部分。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental regulation and firms’ extensive margin decisions 环境法规与企业的广泛利润决策

IF 5.9 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103224

Shuo Li , Min Wang

The paper explores the impacts of environmental regulation on Chinese firms’ extensive margin decisions and resulting changes in market structure and competitiveness. We find that environmental regulation significantly deters firm entry in pollution-intensive industries, while its impact on firm exit is negligible, revealing an asymmetric impact at the extensive margin. The theoretical model and empirical evidence suggest that regulation raises average productivity by selecting against low-productivity entrants and allowing high-productivity firms to enter at smaller scales. We also test for spatial spillovers and find no substantial firm relocation to unregulated areas. These results highlight market selection as a key mechanism through which environmental regulation reshapes industrial dynamics.

本文探讨了环境规制对中国企业粗放利润决策的影响，以及由此导致的市场结构和竞争力的变化。研究发现，环境规制显著阻碍了企业进入污染密集型产业，而环境规制对企业退出的影响可以忽略不计，揭示了在广泛边际上的不对称影响。理论模型和经验证据表明，监管通过选择低生产率的进入者，并允许高生产率的企业以较小的规模进入，从而提高了平均生产率。我们还测试了空间溢出效应，并没有发现企业大量迁移到不受监管的地区。这些结果突出表明，市场选择是环境监管重塑产业动态的关键机制。

引用次数: 0

Optimal climate policy under exogenous and endogenous technical change: Making sense of the different approaches 外生和内生技术变化下的最优气候政策：不同方法的理解

IF 5.9 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103216

Léo Coppens , Simon Dietz , Frank Venmans

We analyse the large and diverse literature on technical change in integrated assessment models (IAMs) of climate change, with a view to understanding how different representations of technical change affect optimal climate policy. We first solve an analytical IAM that features several models of technical change from the literature, including exogenous technical change in abatement technologies, exogenous decarbonisation of the economy, endogenous technical change via learning-by-doing, and endogenous technical change via R&D (in particular, directed technical change). We show how these models of technical change impact optimal carbon prices, emissions and temperatures in often quite different ways. We then survey how technical change is currently represented in the main quantitative IAMs used to inform policy, demonstrating that a range of approaches are used. Exogenous technical change in abatement technologies and learning-by-doing are most popular, although the latter mechanism is only partially endogenous in some models. We go on to quantify technical change in these policy models using structural estimation, and simulate our analytical IAM numerically, assessing the effect of technical change on optimal climate policy. We find large quantitative effects of technical change and large quantitative differences between different representations of technical change, both under cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness objectives.

我们分析了气候变化综合评估模型（iam）中关于技术变化的大量不同文献，以期了解技术变化的不同表示如何影响最佳气候政策。我们首先解决了一个分析性IAM，该IAM以文献中的几个技术变革模型为特征，包括减排技术的外源性技术变革、经济的外源性脱碳、通过实践学习的内源性技术变革以及通过研发（特别是定向技术变革）的内源性技术变革。我们展示了这些技术变革模型如何以不同的方式影响最优碳价格、排放和温度。然后，我们调查了目前用于通知政策的主要定量iam中如何表示技术变化，展示了使用的一系列方法。减排技术中的外生技术变化和边做边学是最受欢迎的，尽管后一种机制在某些模型中只是部分内生的。我们继续使用结构估计来量化这些政策模型中的技术变化，并在数值上模拟我们的分析IAM，评估技术变化对最优气候政策的影响。我们发现，在成本效益和成本效益目标下，技术变革的数量效应很大，不同技术变革表现形式之间的数量差异也很大。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of the interplay between comparative feedback and beliefs on climate change mitigation efforts 比较反馈和信念之间的相互作用对减缓气候变化努力的影响

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103213

Valeria Fanghella , Joachim Schleich

We examine the causal effect of comparative feedback (information on how an individual's carbon footprint compares to others') on costly mitigation efforts, considering beliefs in one's relative carbon footprint as a source of heterogeneity. Using a nationally representative survey experiment, we calculate respondents' carbon footprints and elicit their beliefs about their relative carbon footprint via an incentivized task. A randomly selected subset of respondents then receives comparative feedback. We measure mitigation efforts using an incentivized modified dictator game. Our results show that two-thirds of the respondents are subject to optimistic bias, i.e., underestimate their relative carbon footprints. While we find no effect of comparative feedback on average, its effect varies by respondents' relative carbon footprints and the direction of the bias. Respondents for whom comparative feedback conveys a positive signal of their prosociality—because they learn that their relative carbon footprints are small, smaller than they believed, or both—reinforce their mitigation efforts. Respondents for whom comparative feedback conveys a negative signal of their prosociality reduce or do not change their mitigation efforts. These contrasting responses result in a “divergence from the mean”, deviating from the “regression towards the mean” typically observed in studies of social norms and pro-environmental behavior.

考虑到对一个人的相对碳足迹的信念是异质性的来源，我们研究了比较反馈（关于个人碳足迹与其他人如何比较的信息）对代价高昂的减缓努力的因果影响。通过一项具有全国代表性的调查实验，我们计算了受访者的碳足迹，并通过激励任务引出了他们对自己相对碳足迹的看法。然后，随机选择的受访者子集收到比较反馈。我们使用一个受激励的修改的独裁者游戏来衡量缓解努力。我们的研究结果表明，三分之二的受访者存在乐观偏见，即低估了他们的相对碳足迹。虽然我们发现比较反馈平均没有影响，但其影响因受访者的相对碳足迹和偏差方向而异。对于那些比较反馈传达了他们亲社会的积极信号的答复者——因为他们了解到他们的相对碳足迹很小，比他们认为的要小，或者两者兼有——加强了他们的缓解努力。对其比较反馈传达了亲社会的负面信号的答复者减少或不改变其缓解努力。这些对比鲜明的反应导致了“偏离均值”，偏离了在社会规范和亲环境行为研究中典型观察到的“向均值回归”。

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引用次数: 0

Magnitude and decomposition of the solar rebound: Evidence from Swiss households 太阳能反弹的幅度和分解：来自瑞士家庭的证据

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103194

Patrick Bigler

This paper examines rebound effects in electricity consumption induced by solar photovoltaic (PV) adoption using detailed panel data of 58,104 single-family home residents (2008–2019) in Switzerland. I find that solar PV adoption increases a household’s electricity consumption by approximately 8 %–11 %, depending on specification. Part of this increase is driven by households switching to electric technologies, such as electric vehicles, as shown by a decomposition of the rebound effect using machine learning predicted counterfactual consumption. The solar rebound effect is mainly driven by a subsample of households that install relatively large installations and substantially adjust their consumption patterns. In contrast, more price-sensitive consumers and households that co-adopt battery storage show smaller increases in electricity usage. These findings have important implications for the evaluation of solar PV subsidies, the planning of future energy system capacity, as well as the environmental implications of solar rebound effects.

本文利用瑞士58104户单户家庭居民（2008-2019）的详细面板数据，研究了太阳能光伏（PV）采用对用电量的反弹效应。我发现太阳能光伏的采用使家庭用电量增加了大约8 % -11 %，具体取决于规格。这一增长的部分原因是家庭转向电动汽车等电动技术，正如使用机器学习预测反事实消费的反弹效应分解所显示的那样。太阳能反弹效应主要是由安装相对较大装置并大幅调整其消费模式的家庭的子样本驱动的。相比之下，对价格更敏感的消费者和共同采用电池存储的家庭的用电量增长较小。这些发现对太阳能光伏补贴的评估、未来能源系统容量的规划以及太阳能反弹效应的环境影响具有重要意义。

引用次数: 0

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