Journal of Environmental Economics and Management最新文献

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Measuring job risks when hedonic wage models do not do the job 在对冲工资模型无法发挥作用时衡量工作风险

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103120

Susana Ferreira , Sara Martínez de Morentin , Amaya Erro-Garcés

The theory of compensating differentials predicts that wages should compensate for differences in job characteristics, including the risk of death on the job. Empirically estimating these compensating differentials in real-world labor markets has, however, proven difficult. This paper explores the potential of job satisfaction regressions as an additional valuation approach to estimate the tradeoffs between wages and job amenities along the wage-amenity frontier. In this approach, job satisfaction scores act as a proxy for utility at work, and can be used to directly estimate the tradeoffs between wages and amenities at the job taken by the worker. Conventional hedonic wage regressions with data on thirty-five thousand workers across thirty European countries show limited evidence that European workers facing larger job risks and other workplace disamenities receive higher wages. On the other hand, using the same data, workers who perceive their jobs to be riskier, are absent more days from work due to work accidents, or are exposed to worse conditions at their workplace are less satisfied with their jobs, ceteris paribus, revealing a negative valuation of those job disamenities.

补偿性差异理论预测，工资应补偿工作特征的差异，包括工作中的死亡风险。然而，在现实劳动力市场中对这些补偿性差异进行实证估算却很困难。本文探讨了工作满意度回归的潜力，将其作为一种额外的估价方法，用于估算工资与工作便利性之间的权衡。在这种方法中，工作满意度分数作为工作效用的替代物，可用于直接估算工人所从事工作的工资与工作便利设施之间的权衡。利用欧洲三十个国家三万五千名工人的数据进行的传统享乐主义工资回归显示，面临较大工作风险和其他工作场所不利条件的欧洲工人获得较高工资的证据有限。另一方面，利用同样的数据，认为工作风险更大、因工伤事故缺勤天数更多或工作场所条件更差的工人，在不考虑其他因素的情况下，对工作的满意度较低，这表明这些工作不利因素具有负面价值。

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引用次数: 0

Air pollution and the airborne diseases: Evidence from China and Japan

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103117

Guojun He , Yuhang Pan , Takanao Tanaka

This paper estimates the impact of ambient air pollution on the two most economically costly airborne respiratory diseases, COVID-19 and influenza. Our methods incorporate the epidemiological Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Deceased (SIRD) model to construct the outcome of interest, the Instrumental Variable (IV) model to establish causality, and the Flexible Distributed Lag (FDL) model to capture dynamic effects. Analyzing data from the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, we find that air pollution can significantly raise the daily growth rate of COVID-19. In contrast, air pollution shows small and statistically insignificant effects on influenza healthcare visits in Japan.

引用次数: 0

Recognizing a good deal: Short-term subsidies and the dynamics of public service use

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103114

Joshua W. Deutschmann

I study the longer-run dynamics of household use of a public service in response to short-term subsidies. I exploit spatial variation in exposure to subsidies that induced households to use a publicly-provided matching platform for sanitation services in Dakar, Senegal. Using platform administrative data, I show that neighborhoods exposed to short-term subsidies are significantly more likely to use the platform after subsidies end, but this effect declines gradually to zero over time. Following a subsequent city-wide subsidy campaign two years later, increased use re-emerges in previously-subsidized neighborhoods before declining again. The pattern of decline and re-emergence shows that short-term subsidies can have persistent effects, but sustaining these effects may require repeated intervention.

引用次数: 0

Fires and local labor markets

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103109

Raphaelle G. Coulombe, Akhil Rao

We study the dynamic effects of fires on county labor markets in the US using a novel geophysical measure of fire exposure based on satellite imagery. We find increased fire exposure depresses employment growth for about three years, with part of the medium-run effects being linked to migration. In counties that experience fires, the cumulative fire-induced decline over 3 years is on the order of 15% of employment growth over that horizon, on average. These effects appear to be driven by the fires burning more than 1.5% of county area. While very few fires in our data receive a federal disaster declaration and aid from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), FEMA declarations appear to reverse the estimated effects on employment and migration. We also document that counties with more diversified economies and more educated workforces appear to be more resilient against fire shocks. By overcoming challenges in measuring fire impacts, we identify vulnerable places and economic states, offering guidance on tailoring relief efforts and contributing to a broader understanding of natural disasters’ economic impacts.

引用次数: 0

Global air quality inequality over 2000–2020 2000-2020 年全球空气质量不平等

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103112

Lutz Sager

Air pollution generates vast health burdens and economic costs around the world. Pollution exposure varies greatly, both between countries and within them. But the degree of air quality inequality and its’ trajectory have not been quantified at a global level. I use economic inequality indices to measure global inequality in exposure to ambient fine particles smaller than 2.

5 μ m

(PM_2.5). I find high and rising levels of global air quality inequality. The global PM_2.5 Gini Index rose from 0.30 in 2000 to 0.35 in 2020, exceeding levels of income inequality in many countries. Air quality inequality is mostly driven by differences between countries and less so by variation within them, as decomposition analysis shows. A large share of those facing the highest levels of PM_2.5 exposure live in only a few countries. Building on the Global Burden of Disease framework, I find that mortality associated with PM_2.5 exposure is even more unequal than pollution exposure itself. The findings suggest that the common focus on inequality within countries overlooks an important global dimension of environmental justice.

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引用次数: 0

Air pollution and innovation 空气污染与创新

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103102

Felix Bracht , Dennis Verhoeven

If air pollution harms innovation — and therefore future productivity — existing assessments of its economic cost are incomplete. We estimate the effect of fine particulate matter concentration on inventive output in 977 European regions. Exploiting thermal inversions and weather-induced ventilation of pollutants for identification, we find that a decrease in air pollution equivalent to the average yearly drop in Europe leads to 1.2% more patented inventions in a given region. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that accounting for the effect on innovation increases the economic cost of air pollution as assessed in prior work by about three quarters.

引用次数: 0

Perception and protection: The effect of risk exposure on demand for index insurance in Mongolia 认知与保护：风险暴露对蒙古指数保险需求的影响

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103113

Lukas Mogge , Kati Kraehnert

This study provides novel evidence on how risk exposure shapes demand for index-based weather insurance. The focus is on Mongolia, where index-based livestock insurance is offered as a commercial product to pastoralists threatened by extreme weather events that cause high livestock mortality. The analysis draws on district-level data covering the whole country, spanning eleven years. Our study exploits a particular feature in the design of the Mongolian index insurance: The insurance sales period predates the payout period of the previous insurance season, which allows us to separate the effects of risk exposure from the income effects of payouts. Results from a two-way fixed effects model show that demand for index insurance increases in areas exposed to adverse winter conditions during the insurance sales period, when pastoralists have to decide about purchasing insurance coverage for next year's winter. We argue that results are best explained by availability bias, with households adapting their risk perception in response to adverse weather conditions.

引用次数: 0

How to pollute a river if you must 必要时如何污染河流

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103105

Yuzhi Yang , Erik Ansink , Jens Gudmundsson

We propose the river pollution claims problem to distribute a budget of emissions permits among agents located along a river. A key distinction from the standard claims problem is that agents are ordered exogenously. For environmental reasons, the specific location along the river where pollutants are emitted is an important concern. In our analysis, we combine this environmental concern with standard fairness considerations. We characterize the class of externality-adjusted proportional rules and show that they strike a balance between fairness and minimizing environmental damage in the river. We also propose two novel axioms that are motivated by the river pollution context and use them to characterize two priority rules. We illustrate the rules through a case study of the Tuojiang Basin in China.

引用次数: 0

Clearing the air: Women in politics and air pollution

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103106

Anna Laura Baraldi, Giovanni Fosco

Policies and actions are likely to be influenced by the different attitudes to environmental issues of male and female policy-makers. The present paper analyzes the relationship between women politicians and air pollution levels in the context of Italy. We use a gender quota measure (Law 215/2012) as an exogenous shock to the percentage of female municipal councilors. We show that the enforcement of Law 215 significantly reduces the number of days per year when at least one among all the different types of air monitoring stations installed in the provincial capital municipalities detects excess levels of PM10 and PM2.5 with respect to their daily limit. We also assess the causal impact of female in city council on the measures of air pollution by the Wald estimator that shows negative sign meaning that an increase in the percentage of female councilors reduces air pollution. This research provides evidence of the most likely mechanism driving these results by showing that an increase in female officeholders due to Law 215 has a positive impact on a number of environmental friendly policies and measures (e.g. cycle lanes, urban green spaces, district heating) aimed at reducing harmful air particles.

男女决策者对环境问题的不同态度可能会影响政策和行动。本文以意大利为背景，分析了女性政治家与空气污染水平之间的关系。我们使用性别配额措施（第 215/2012 号法律）作为女性市议员比例的外生冲击。我们的研究表明，第 215 号法律的实施大大减少了省会城市安装的所有不同类型的空气监测站中每年至少有一个监测站检测到 PM10 和 PM2.5 超标的天数。我们还通过 Wald 估计器评估了市议会中女性对空气污染测量的因果影响，结果显示负号，即女议员比例的增加会减少空气污染。这项研究提供了驱动这些结果的最可能机制的证据，表明因第 215 号法律而增加的女性议员人数对一系列旨在减少有害空气颗粒的环境友好政策和措施（如自行车道、城市绿地、区域供热）产生了积极影响。

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引用次数: 0

Natural disasters and the demand for health insurance 自然灾害与医疗保险需求

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103108

Ha Trong Nguyen, Francis Mitrou

Amidst growing concerns over heightened natural disaster risks, this study pioneers an inquiry into the causal impacts of cyclones on the demand for private health insurance (PHI) in Australia. We amalgamate a nationally representative longitudinal dataset with historical cyclone records, employing an individual fixed effects model to assess the impacts of various exogenously determined cyclone exposure measures. Our findings reveal that only the most severe category 5 cyclones significantly increase the likelihood of individuals acquiring PHI in both the concurrent and subsequent years. Furthermore, the effect diminishes as the distance from the cyclone's eye increases. The largest estimated cumulated impact amounts to over 5 percentage points, representing approximately 11% of the sample mean and aligns with documented effects of certain PHI policies aimed at enhancing coverage. Furthermore, our findings withstand a series of sensitivity assessments, including a placebo test and three randomization examinations. Moreover, the cyclone impacts are more pronounced for younger demographics, individuals of higher socioeconomic status, and inhabitants of coastal or historically cyclone-affected areas. Additionally, after ruling out income, transfers, health status, and premiums as mechanisms, our study furnishes suggestive evidence that cyclone-induced home damage and heightened psychological stress are plausible pathways through which cyclones increase PHI uptake.

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引用次数: 0

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