Journal of Environmental Economics and Management最新文献

英文中文

To go electric or to burn coal? A randomized field experiment of informational nudges 用电还是烧煤？一个随机的信息推送实验

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103155

Hanming Fang , King King Li , Peiyao Shen

Coal heating in residential homes is an important source of indoor air pollution, leading to detrimental health effects. We conduct a randomized field experiment in northern China using three types of SMS campaigns targeting three potential biases that may hinder the adoption of electric heating: Cost SMS campaign, designed to address the overestimation of electricity expenses; Health SMS campaign, aimed at addressing the underestimation of health damage associated with coal heating; and Social Comparison SMS campaign, intended to inform households about the popularity of electric heating. We find that the Cost SMS backfires: it instead leads to a substantial reduction in electric heating. This can be attributed to salience bias induced by the Cost SMS, which drew heightened attention to the cost of electricity. The Health SMS is ineffective for households that underestimate the health damage of coal heating. Social Comparison SMS is only effective for a small proportion of households who were concerned about their neighbors’ heating choices. Overall, our findings suggest that SMS campaigns targeting these biases are largely ineffective, and caution should be exercised when applying plausible nudge interventions. The findings also suggest that households may be motivated to maintain their beliefs and resist paternalistic interventions.

住宅用煤供暖是室内空气污染的重要来源，对健康造成不利影响。我们在中国北方进行了一项随机现场实验，使用三种类型的短信活动，针对可能阻碍采用电供暖的三种潜在偏见：成本短信活动，旨在解决电费费用的高估；健康短信运动，旨在解决对与煤炭供暖有关的健康损害的低估问题；和社会比较短信活动，旨在告知家庭关于电供暖的普及。我们发现成本短信适得其反：它反而导致了电加热的大幅减少。这可以归因于成本SMS引起的显著偏差，它引起了对电力成本的高度关注。健康短信对低估燃煤取暖对健康危害的家庭来说是无效的。社会比较短信只对一小部分关心邻居供暖选择的家庭有效。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，针对这些偏见的短信活动在很大程度上是无效的，在应用合理的助推干预措施时应谨慎行事。研究结果还表明，家庭可能会有动力维护自己的信仰，抵制家长式的干预。

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引用次数: 0

The path to net zero emissions 净零排放之路

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103177

Michael Olaf Hoel

To reach the goals of the Paris agreement, net carbon emissions must be reduced to zero by the second half of this century. To achieve this, some kind of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is needed. The paper gives an analysis of the interaction between extraction of fossil energy resources and CDR. If there is sufficient capacity for storing captured carbon, it will be optimal to have a period of negative net emissions. In this case cumulative extraction will not depend on climate costs, but will be higher the lower is the cost of CDR at low levels of CDR.

为了实现《巴黎协定》的目标，到本世纪下半叶，净碳排放量必须减少到零。为了实现这一目标，需要某种二氧化碳去除（CDR）。本文分析了化石能源开采与CDR之间的相互作用。如果有足够的能力来储存捕获的碳，那么最好有一段时间的净排放量为负。在这种情况下，累积提取量将不取决于气候成本，但在低碳排放水平下，碳排放成本越低，累积提取量就越高。

引用次数: 0

From Low Emission Zone to academic track: Environmental policy effects on educational achievement in elementary school 从低排放区到学术轨道：环境政策对小学教育成绩的影响

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103165

Johannes Brehm , Nico Pestel , Sandra Schaffner , Laura Schmitz

Do long-term improvements in air quality influence children’s educational outcomes? This paper investigates the impact of Low Emission Zones (LEZs), which restrict access to designated areas for emission-intensive vehicles, on the educational achievement of elementary school students in Germany. Using school-level data from North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany’s most populous state, we exploit the staggered introduction of LEZs since 2008 with a difference-in-differences approach. LEZ implementations increase transition rates to the academic track in secondary education by approximately one percentage point, or 2.4 percent. We validate this finding using more aggregated district-level data across all of Germany. Our findings imply sizable educational co-benefits of reductions in air pollution.

空气质量的长期改善会影响儿童的教育成果吗？本文调查了低排放区（LEZs）对德国小学生教育成就的影响，该区域限制排放密集型车辆进入指定区域。利用德国人口最多的北莱茵-威斯特伐利亚州的学校层面数据，我们采用差异中的差异方法，利用了自2008年以来错开引入的lez。LEZ的实施将中等教育向学术轨道的转换率提高了大约一个百分点，即2.4%。我们在整个德国使用更多的汇总区级数据来验证这一发现。我们的研究结果表明，减少空气污染对教育有相当大的协同效益。

引用次数: 0

Effects of temperature exposures on early childhood cognitive development and home environment 温度暴露对幼儿认知发展和家庭环境的影响

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103162

Wenjie Wu , Zhe Yang , Jun Hyung Kim , Ai Yue

Daily exposure to suboptimal temperature with inadequate protection can undermine children’s development, but evidence is limited in the range of temperature and the set of developmental outcomes. Using a unique panel study in disadvantaged rural communities, we find that children’s exposures to low temperature undermine cognitive development during early childhood. In addition, caregiver–child interactions and material investments are lower for households exposed to low temperature, highlighting their limited capacity to adapt and the potential for persistent effects on children’s long-term outcomes through home environment. Our findings show the need to account for a broad range of temperature variations when promoting children’s development, and propose home environment as a novel policy channel to counter the negative temperature effects on children.

每天暴露在不适当保护的次优温度下可能会损害儿童的发育，但关于温度范围和一系列发育结果的证据有限。通过对贫困农村社区的一项独特的小组研究，我们发现儿童暴露于低温环境会破坏儿童早期的认知发展。此外，对于处于低温环境的家庭，照料者与儿童的互动和物质投资较低，这突出了他们的适应能力有限，并可能通过家庭环境对儿童的长期结果产生持续影响。我们的研究结果表明，在促进儿童发育时，需要考虑广泛的温度变化，并提出家庭环境作为一种新的政策渠道来抵消温度对儿童的负面影响。

引用次数: 0

The value of cleaner waterways: Evidence from the Black-and-Odorous water program 清洁水道的价值：来自黑臭水项目的证据

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103159

Yue Yu , Qianyang Zhang

This study investigates the economic impacts of cleaning up heavily polluted waterways in urban neighborhoods. We leverage the Black-and-Odorous water program, a major urban environmental campaign in China, as a natural experiment to identify the causal impact of cleaner waterways on local housing prices, housing supply, and business growth. Implemented in 2016, the program remediated heavily polluted waterways in China’s 36 most developed cities. Using a difference-in-differences estimator, we find that the program mainly benefits properties within 1 mile of cleaned-up waterways: These properties saw a 2.3 % appreciation in market value after the program. Beyond the impacts on the housing market, we identify two novel mechanisms associated with community revitalization following pollution management and examine their implications for housing prices. First, new real estate developments near treated waterways are more likely to offer high-end units after the program. Second, service businesses flourish in neighborhoods near cleaned waterways, indicating a commercial rejuvenation of these areas.

这项研究调查了清理城市社区严重污染的水道对经济的影响。我们利用中国主要的城市环境运动——黑臭水项目，作为一项自然实验，来确定更清洁的水道对当地房价、住房供应和商业增长的因果影响。该计划于2016年实施，在中国36个最发达城市修复了严重污染的水道。使用差中差估计器，我们发现该计划主要使距离清洁水道1 英里内的物业受益：这些物业在该计划实施后的市场价值上涨了2.3 %。除了对住房市场的影响之外，我们还确定了污染管理后与社区振兴相关的两种新机制，并研究了它们对房价的影响。首先，经过处理的水道附近的新房地产开发项目更有可能在项目结束后提供高端公寓。其次，清洁水道附近的服务企业蓬勃发展，表明这些地区的商业复兴。

引用次数: 0

Does freight structure transformation improve air quality?–Evidence from China's “shifting freight from truck to rail” policy 货运结构转型是否能改善空气质量？——来自中国“卡车转铁路”政策的证据

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103179

Yuchao Liang, Guohua Zheng, Jinuo Wang, Jun Pang

China proactively reshaped its freight system to combat air pollution from the transportation sector. This paper focuses on the “Shifting Freight from Truck to Rail” (SFTR) policy, and examines the environmental consequences of expanding railway transport system while curbing heavy trucks in road freight. Combine the high-frequency air pollution data with meteorology data, utilizing the augmented regression discontinuity in time-series (RDiT), we found that the implementation of SFTR led to a respective decrease of 13.9 %, 12.5 %, and 4.2 % in the concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and NO₂ in the Bohai Rim region. Our empirical findings withstand an alternative specification of generalized difference-in-differences (DiD) method and a series of robustness checks. Preliminary calculations indicate that the health and economic output benefits of SFTR in the Bohai Rim region amount to approximately $24.99 billion, with the cost of expanding freight railway infrastructure and firms’ compliance cost totaling $4.05 billion.

中国积极重塑货运体系，以应对交通运输部门造成的空气污染。本文重点研究了“卡车转铁路”（SFTR）政策，并研究了扩大铁路运输系统而限制重型卡车在公路货运中的环境后果。将高频大气污染数据与气象数据相结合，利用增强时间序列不连续回归（RDiT）分析发现，实施SFTR后，环渤海地区PM2.5、PM10和NO2浓度分别下降了13.9%、12.5%和4.2%。我们的实证研究结果经得起一种替代规范的广义差中差（DiD）方法和一系列稳健性检查。初步计算表明，环渤海地区“一带一路”的卫生效益和经济产出效益约为249.9亿美元，其中货运铁路基础设施扩建成本和企业合规成本总计40.5亿美元。

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引用次数: 0

Welfare losses from wildfire smoke: Evidence from daily outdoor recreation data 野火烟雾造成的福利损失：来自日常户外娱乐数据的证据

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103166

Jacob Gellman , Margaret Walls , Matthew Wibbenmeyer

Wildfire smoke pollution is growing in the western United States. Estimates of health impacts from smoke are numerous, but few revealed preference estimates of its damages exist. We study a setting where individuals are directly exposed to smoke and where avoidance behavior is measured with high frequency: outdoor recreation. We combine millions of administrative campground reservation records with satellite data on wildfire, smoke, and air pollution. The data allow us to model sequential recreation decisions under evolving information using a novel control function approach. We estimate wildfire smoke reduces welfare by $107 per person per trip. These damages are larger when campgrounds are affected by consecutive days of smoke. Back-of-the-envelope calculations imply 21.5 million outdoor recreation visits in the western United States are affected by smoke every year, with annual welfare losses of $2.3 billion. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence on the costs of wildfire smoke.

野火烟雾污染在美国西部日益严重。关于吸烟对健康影响的估计有很多，但很少有对其危害的偏好估计。我们研究了一种环境，在这种环境中，个人直接暴露于烟雾中，并且避免行为的测量频率很高：户外娱乐。我们将数以百万计的行政露营地保留记录与野火、烟雾和空气污染的卫星数据结合起来。这些数据使我们能够使用一种新的控制函数方法在不断变化的信息下对顺序再创造决策进行建模。我们估计野火烟雾会使每人每次旅行减少107美元的福利。当露营地连续几天受到烟雾的影响时，这些损害会更大。粗略的计算表明，美国西部每年有2150万户外娱乐活动受到烟雾的影响，每年造成23亿美元的福利损失。这些发现为野火造成的损失提供了越来越多的证据。

引用次数: 0

Congestion pricing with electric vehicle exemptions: Car-ownership effects and other behavioral adjustments 免除电动汽车的拥堵收费：汽车拥有量影响和其他行为调整

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103154

Elisabeth T. Isaksen , Bjørn G. Johansen

Decarbonizing transportation requires a shift from conventional to zero-emission vehicles. We examine whether congestion pricing with electric vehicle (EV) exemptions accelerates this transition by encouraging a shift toward cleaner cars. To identify causal effects, we combine administrative data on car ownership with a triple-differences design that exploits household-level variation in policy exposure across metropolitan areas and work commutes. We find that higher rush hour charges for conventional vehicles significantly increase EV adoption, primarily through replacement rather than fleet expansion. However, responses vary by socioeconomic characteristics, with higher-income and well-educated households more likely to adopt EVs. Beyond car ownership, we document behavioral adjustments, including relocation to avoid tolls, re-routing around the cordon, and shifting travel timing. Overall, congestion pricing reduced traffic volumes and improved air quality. Our findings offer insights for designing equitable and effective transportation policies.

交通脱碳需要从传统车辆向零排放车辆转变。我们研究了带有电动汽车（EV）豁免的拥堵定价是否通过鼓励向更清洁的汽车转变而加速了这一转变。为了确定因果效应，我们将汽车拥有量的行政数据与三重差分设计相结合，利用家庭层面在大都市地区和上下班途中的政策风险差异。我们发现，对传统车辆在高峰时段收取更高的费用会显著提高电动汽车的采用率，这主要是通过更换而不是扩大车队来实现的。然而，不同的社会经济特征会产生不同的反应，高收入和受过良好教育的家庭更有可能采用电动汽车。除汽车所有权外，我们还记录了行为调整，包括为避免收费而搬迁、绕过警戒线改变路线以及改变出行时间。总体而言，拥堵费降低了交通流量，改善了空气质量。我们的研究结果为设计公平有效的交通政策提供了启示。

引用次数: 0

The political economy of ratchet effect: Evidence from China’s environmental regulation 棘轮效应的政治经济学：来自中国环境监管的证据

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103150

Guangyu Cao , Xi Weng , Mingwei Xu , Li-An Zhou

The ratchet effect is a critical component in dynamic incentive designs. This paper exploits China’s recent adoption of minimum performance standards in air pollution controls and variations in the frequency of target assignment, and utilizes Regression Discontinuity Design to estimate the impact of target ratcheting on Chinese local officials’ incentives to reduce air pollution. We find strong evidence that (i) when local officials fail the minimum targets and try to make up for the failure to avoid severe punishment, the prospect of being ratcheted would weaken the make-up efforts, and (ii) air quality will significantly deteriorate after local officials fulfill the minimum targets ahead of schedule, regardless of whether local officials face the prospect of target ratcheting. We further discover that job rotation and the existence of comparable peers could effectively mitigate the ratchet effect.

棘轮效应是动态激励设计中的一个重要组成部分。本文利用中国最近在空气污染控制中采用的最低绩效标准和目标分配频率的变化，并利用回归不连续设计来估计目标棘齿对中国地方官员减少空气污染激励的影响。我们发现强有力的证据表明：(i)当地方官员未能达到最低目标并试图弥补失败以避免严厉惩罚时，被棘轮化的前景会削弱弥补努力；（ii）无论地方官员是否面临目标棘轮化的前景，地方官员提前完成最低目标后，空气质量都会显著恶化。我们进一步发现，工作轮换和具有可比性的同伴的存在可以有效地缓解棘轮效应。

引用次数: 0

Can social protection reduce damages from higher temperatures? 社会保护能减少高温造成的损害吗？

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103152

Teevrat Garg , Gordon C. McCord , Aleister Montfort

Can higher incomes reduce economic and social damages from higher temperatures? Causal investigation of this question has been challenging because income differences correlate with cumulative exposure and either may drive observed differences in the deleterious effects of heat. We revisit the same-day temperature–violence relationship in Mexico and show that a conditional cash transfer program attenuated the effects of higher temperatures on violent behavior, but only temporarily. Within five years of receiving ongoing monthly transfers, the heat-violence relationship returns to pre-program levels even as transfers continue. Our results highlight potential limitations of higher incomes in adaptation to rising temperatures.

高收入能减少高温带来的经济和社会损失吗？这个问题的因果调查一直具有挑战性，因为收入差异与累积暴露有关，两者都可能导致观察到的热量有害影响的差异。我们重新审视了墨西哥当天气温与暴力的关系，并表明有条件的现金转移计划减弱了高温对暴力行为的影响，但只是暂时的。在接受每月持续转移的五年内，即使转移继续，热暴力关系也会恢复到计划前的水平。我们的研究结果强调了高收入在适应气温上升方面的潜在局限性。

引用次数: 0

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Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

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