Journal of Environmental Economics and Management最新文献

英文中文

The healthcare costs of air pollution in France 法国空气污染的医疗成本

IF 5.9 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103242

Julia Mink

This study estimates the short-term healthcare costs of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in France, where pollution levels are well below current European Union air quality standards. Using administrative data on healthcare expenditure for a representative population sample from 2015 to 2018, combined with high-resolution geospatial data on pollution and meteorological conditions, I implement an instrumental variable strategy that exploits exogenous variation in pollution driven by altitude weather patterns. I find that even moderate increases in PM_2.5 significantly raise weekly healthcare costs, with estimated effects two to six times larger than those found in prior studies. Effects are observed across all age groups and in various medical specialties, including cardiology, pulmonology, and neurology. The findings suggest a concave dose-response relationship, with larger marginal effects at lower pollution levels. Aligning pollution concentrations with the WHO’s 2021 guideline could lead to annual savings of €6.44–8.67 billion, which far exceed estimated abatement costs. These results provide a strong economic justification for more ambitious air quality regulations.

这项研究估计了法国暴露于细颗粒物（PM2.5）的短期医疗成本，法国的污染水平远低于目前的欧盟空气质量标准。利用2015年至2018年代表性人口样本的医疗保健支出行政数据，结合有关污染和气象条件的高分辨率地理空间数据，我实施了一种工具变量策略，利用由海拔天气模式驱动的污染外生变化。我发现，即使PM2.5的适度增长也会显著提高每周的医疗成本，其估计影响是之前研究发现的两到六倍。在所有年龄组和各种医学专业，包括心脏病学、肺病学和神经学，都观察到效果。研究结果表明，剂量-反应关系呈凹形，污染水平越低，边际效应越大。将污染浓度与世界卫生组织2021年的指导方针保持一致，每年可节省64.4亿至86.7亿欧元，远远超过估计的减排成本。这些结果为制定更加雄心勃勃的空气质量法规提供了强有力的经济依据。

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引用次数: 0

Fueling inequality: A novel estimate from large-scale reforms 加剧不平等：大规模改革的新估计

IF 5.9 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103240

MohammadAli Mokhtari , Hamed Ghoddusi

Recent estimates suggest that eliminating fossil fuel subsidies could prevent 1.6 million premature deaths annually by reducing air pollution, while also addressing the unequal distribution of resources. How unequal are the benefits of these subsidies? Using Iranian household expenditure data (1984–2019) covering three major subsidy reforms, this study estimates the inequality-reducing impact of replacing fuel subsidies with direct, universal, and unconditional cash transfers. Our robust estimates show that reallocating USD 1 per capita per day from fuel subsidies to direct cash transfers reduces the Gini coefficient of expenditure by 8 %. These findings underscore the redistributive potential of such reforms and their role in fostering more equitable and sustainable policy design.

最近的估计表明，通过减少空气污染，取消化石燃料补贴每年可防止160万人过早死亡，同时还可解决资源分配不均的问题。这些补贴的好处有多不平等？本研究利用涵盖三次主要补贴改革的伊朗家庭支出数据（1984-2019年），估计了用直接、普遍和无条件的现金转移支付取代燃料补贴对减少不平等的影响。我们的可靠估计表明，将每人每天1美元的燃料补贴重新分配给直接现金转移支付，可使支出的基尼系数降低8%。这些调查结果强调了这种改革的再分配潜力及其在促进更公平和可持续的政策设计方面的作用。

引用次数: 0

Sustainability as a dynamic game 可持续发展是一个动态的游戏

IF 5.9 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103238

Berno Buechel, Corinne Dubois , Stephanie Fuerer, Tjaša Maillard-Bjedov

Sustainability is a fundamental concept in the environmental domain, but also in other domains, e.g., regarding personal health. Sustainability means using resources today in a way that does not compromise the availability of resources tomorrow. We propose and test a model that incorporates the essential features of sustainability. First, our Sustainability Game is dynamic in the sense that the actions played in each period have consequences for future periods. Second, there is a contribution threshold that must be reached in order to maintain the level of resources, while some use of resources can be absorbed. Third, it incorporates that the temptation to over-use resources is strong when more than one individual is involved. We first derive equilibrium behavior analytically and then test these pre-registered predictions in the lab. Our main results are the following: (i) Theoretically and experimentally, strategic interaction reduces cooperative behavior and undermines sustainability. (ii) Theoretically and experimentally, lowering the threshold fosters cooperative behavior (i.e., contributing according to the threshold) and sustainability. Our results suggest that technological advancements that lower the threshold for sustainability and behavior change toward sustainability need not be viewed as alternatives, but rather as complementary.

可持续性是环境领域的一个基本概念，但也适用于其他领域，例如个人健康。可持续性意味着以不损害未来资源可用性的方式利用今天的资源。我们提出并测试了一个包含可持续性基本特征的模型。首先，我们的可持续发展游戏是动态的，因为每个时期的行为都会对未来的时期产生影响。其次，为了维持资源水平，必须达到一个贡献阈值，同时可以吸收一些资源的使用。第三，当涉及不止一个人时，过度使用资源的诱惑是很强的。我们首先分析得出平衡行为，然后在实验室中测试这些预注册的预测。我们的主要研究结果如下：(1)理论和实验上，战略互动减少了合作行为，破坏了可持续性。（ii）从理论上和实验上看，降低阈值有利于促进合作行为（即根据阈值作出贡献）和可持续性。我们的研究结果表明，降低可持续性门槛的技术进步和可持续性行为改变不应被视为替代，而应被视为互补。

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引用次数: 0

Labor reallocation in the heat: A comprehensive analysis in rural Bangladesh 高温下的劳动力再分配：孟加拉国农村地区的综合分析

IF 5.9 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103199

Man Li

This paper examines the impact of extreme heat on the sectoral reallocation of working-age adult male labor in rural Bangladesh using a three-period panel on individual employment. It shows that high temperatures prompt a labor shift from the non-agricultural to agricultural sectors, primarily into agricultural wage jobs. Variations in employment choices in the agricultural sector depend on household land ownership. Individuals in households with more land tend to engage in crop cultivation, whereas individuals in households with little or no land are more likely to work for wages. Two key channels explain how extreme heat influences employment. First, extreme heat raises demand for hired agricultural labor, especially during busy farming seasons, as labor loss risks crop failure. Second, local demand effects become evident as higher temperatures reduce overall household income, raise food prices, and shift spending towards food, causing the non-agricultural sector to contract.

本文考察了极端高温对孟加拉国农村工作年龄成年男性劳动力部门再分配的影响，使用了三个时期的个人就业面板。研究表明，高温促使劳动力从非农业部门转向农业部门，主要是农业领薪工作。农业部门就业选择的差异取决于家庭土地所有权。拥有更多土地的家庭中的个人倾向于从事作物种植，而拥有很少或没有土地的家庭中的个人更有可能为工资而工作。两个关键渠道解释了极端高温如何影响就业。首先，极端高温增加了对雇佣农业劳动力的需求，尤其是在农忙季节，因为劳动力流失可能导致作物歉收。其次，当地需求效应变得明显，因为高温降低了家庭总收入，提高了食品价格，并将支出转向食品，导致非农业部门收缩。

引用次数: 0

To improve is to change: The effects of Risk Rating 2.0 on flood insurance demand 改善就是改变：风险等级2.0对洪水保险需求的影响

IF 5.9 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103228

Francesc Ortega, Ivan Petkov

We present a model of the demand for flood insurance, construct individual insurance histories for the universe of policyholders, and empirically analyze the effects of the latest NFIP reform (known as Risk Rating 2.0). The reform increased exits, both in the flood zone and its periphery, particularly among policyholders with subsidized rates and those paying the highest premiums. The reform also reduced new entry, had highly heterogeneous effects on insurance costs and triggered adjustments in deductibles, generally shifting flood risk toward policyholders in exchange for lower premiums. While the reform may have improved the solvency of the NFIP, it has exacerbated the decade-long decline in enrollment.

我们提出了一个洪水保险需求模型，构建了投保人的个人保险历史，并实证分析了最新的NFIP改革（称为风险评级2.0）的影响。改革增加了洪水区及其周边地区的退出，尤其是那些享受补贴利率和支付最高保费的投保人。这项改革还减少了新加入的人，对保险成本产生了高度异质性的影响，并引发了免赔额的调整，通常将洪水风险转嫁给投保人，以换取较低的保费。虽然改革可能改善了NFIP的偿付能力，但它加剧了长达十年的入学率下降。

引用次数: 0

Impact, inspiration, or image: On the trade-offs in pro-environmental behaviors 影响，灵感，还是形象：关于环保行为的权衡

IF 5.9 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103214

Raisa Sherif, Sven A. Simon

Today’s environmental challenges prompt individuals to take personal actions, though motivations vary. This paper presents causal evidence of a trade-off between two motivations behind pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs): maximizing environmental impact or being seen as green. In an experiment on voluntary carbon offsetting, we first isolate each motivation and quantify their impact. We then investigate whether individuals deliberately trade-off impact for the visibility of their actions, and why they do so. Our results show that while individuals respond to salient differences in efficiency and visibility, visible PEBs crowd out efficient alternatives, indicating a preference for being seen as green over actual environmental impact. We disentangle two motivations driving this preference for visible actions: hedonic social image concerns and instrumental role model aspirations. Role model aspirations exert a stronger influence, leading individuals to choose visible PEBs over efficient ones more frequently.

当今的环境挑战促使个人采取个人行动，尽管动机各不相同。本文提出了亲环境行为（PEBs）背后的两个动机之间权衡的因果证据：最大化环境影响或被视为绿色。在一项关于自愿碳抵消的实验中，我们首先将每种动机分离出来，并量化它们的影响。然后，我们调查了个人是否故意权衡其行为可见性的影响，以及他们为什么这样做。我们的研究结果表明，当个体对效率和可见性的显著差异做出反应时，可见的peb会挤掉有效的替代品，这表明人们更倾向于被视为绿色而不是实际的环境影响。我们分析了促使这种对可见行为的偏好的两个动机：享乐主义的社会形象关注和工具性的榜样渴望。作为榜样的愿望发挥更大的影响，导致个人更频繁地选择可见的peb而不是有效的peb。

引用次数: 0

The effect of energy prices on employment: Evidence from a developing country 能源价格对就业的影响：来自一个发展中国家的证据

IF 5.9 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103227

Erik Hille, Cian Angerpointner

While research has considered the labor market consequences of environmental and climate policies in developed countries, empirical evidence for developing countries is largely missing. This paper uses rich firm-level data for all economic sectors in Vietnam to analyze the employment effects of energy prices. We take advantage of the fact that energy prices have been under relatively strong state control. Utilizing an instrumental variable approach, we find effects that are heterogeneous across sectors, indicating regulation-induced structural changes. Although energy price increases entailed layoffs in manufacturing firms, additional jobs were created in firms in service sectors. As a result, employment in the whole economy tended to remain unaffected. This result is notable as Vietnam has been associated with a comparative advantage in relatively labor- and pollution-intensive production. Layoffs were particularly pronounced in large or trade-exposed firms and in energy-intensive industries. They were also more common in foreign than in state-owned firms.

虽然研究考虑了发达国家环境和气候政策对劳动力市场的影响，但发展中国家的经验证据在很大程度上缺失。本文使用越南所有经济部门的丰富企业层面数据来分析能源价格对就业的影响。我们利用了能源价格一直处于相对严格的国家控制之下这一事实。利用工具变量方法，我们发现跨部门的影响是异质的，表明监管引起的结构变化。虽然能源价格上涨导致制造业企业裁员，但服务业企业却创造了额外的就业机会。因此，整个经济中的就业往往不受影响。这一结果值得注意，因为越南在相对劳动密集型和污染密集型生产方面具有比较优势。裁员在大型企业或有贸易风险的企业以及能源密集型行业尤为明显。与国有企业相比，它们在外资企业中更为常见。

引用次数: 0

The hidden benefits of CSR: Corporate philanthropy begets giving of employees 企业社会责任的隐性利益：企业慈善事业引发员工的捐赠

IF 5.9 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103225

Manuel Grieder , Deborah Kistler , Jan Schmitz

Firms frequently engage in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and encourage employees to follow their example. We explore the effects of different forms of environmental CSR on workers’ personal pro-environmental behavior in the form of a donation to an environmental charity. In three field experiments (

N = 2365

N = 1156

, and

N = 1462

) in an online labor market, we find that environmental corporate philanthropy has a positive impact on workers’ personal pro-environmental behavior. In contrast, CSR that involves directly contributing to environmental sustainability through one’s work shows only directionally positive effects on personal donations. The effect of corporate philanthropy appears to extend across domains, as non-environmental corporate philanthropy also increases personal donations to environmental causes. Normative framing plays an important role, as even verbal expressions of support for environmental causes can influence employee behavior. Yet, CSR actions without normative framing (beyond mentioning the recipient charity) also have an effect. Taken together, the results suggest that both firm behavior and its normative framing can serve as social information that shapes employee behavior and that CSR initiatives can have hidden benefits. Charities cooperating with firms on their philanthropic mission may therefore stand to gain from an increase in overall contributions.

企业经常参与企业社会责任（CSR），并鼓励员工以他们为榜样。我们探讨了不同形式的环境企业社会责任对员工个人环保行为的影响，包括向环境慈善机构捐款。在网络劳动力市场的三个实地实验（N=2365、N=1156和N=1462）中，我们发现环保企业慈善对员工的个人亲环境行为有正向影响。相比之下，通过工作直接为环境可持续发展做出贡献的企业社会责任对个人捐赠的影响只有方向性的积极影响。企业慈善的影响似乎延伸到各个领域，因为非环境企业慈善也增加了个人对环境事业的捐赠。规范性框架起着重要作用，因为即使口头表达对环境事业的支持也会影响员工的行为。然而，没有规范框架的企业社会责任行为（除了提及受助慈善机构之外）也会产生影响。综上所述，研究结果表明，企业行为及其规范框架都可以作为塑造员工行为的社会信息，而企业社会责任举措可能具有隐性利益。因此，与企业合作完成慈善使命的慈善机构可能会从总体捐款的增加中获益。

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引用次数: 0

Informing the uninformed, sensitizing the informed: The two sides of consumer environmental awareness 告知不知情的人，使知情的人敏感：消费者环境意识的两个方面

IF 5.9 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103226

Dorothée Brécard , Mireille Chiroleu-Assouline

How do environmental information and awareness interact to improve environmental quality by changing consumer behavior and firm strategies? This article provides theoretical insights using an original differentiation model within a general framework whose specific cases have been studied previously. On the demand side, only informed consumers differentiate brown from green product quality, while uninformed consumers consider these perfect substitutes. Moreover, all informed consumers value the green product and devalue the brown product due to an aversion effect but are heterogeneous in their environmental awareness. On the supply side, two firms offer different environmental qualities and compete on price. We consider two types of environmental campaigns: increasing the number of informed consumers and increasing the environmental awareness of informed consumers. We show that these campaigns crucially determine three market configurations: segmented; fragmented, with a brown product that appeals to both uninformed consumers and a fraction of informed consumers; and covered. Assuming that the greenest consumer behavior is abstention, we find that a situation where all consumers are informed and some are highly environmentally aware is not necessarily the greenest. Depending on the aversion effect, the campaign organizer’s budget, and their relative cost-effectiveness, information and awareness-raising campaigns require a judicious mix.

环境信息和意识如何通过改变消费者行为和企业战略来相互作用以改善环境质量？本文使用一个原始的分化模型在一个一般框架内提供了理论见解，其具体案例已被研究过。在需求侧，只有知情的消费者才会区分棕色和绿色的产品质量，而不知情的消费者则会认为这些是完美的替代品。此外，所有知情的消费者都因厌恶效应而重视绿色产品并贬低棕色产品，但他们的环境意识是异质性的。在供给方面，两家公司提供不同的环境质量，并在价格上竞争。我们考虑了两种类型的环保运动：增加知情消费者的数量和提高知情消费者的环保意识。我们发现，这些营销活动至关重要地决定了三种市场配置：细分市场；碎片化，棕色产品既能吸引不知情的消费者，也能吸引一小部分知情的消费者；和覆盖。假设最环保的消费者行为是弃权，我们发现，所有消费者都知情且一些消费者具有高度环保意识的情况不一定是最环保的。根据厌恶效应、活动组织者的预算和他们的相对成本效益，信息和提高意识的活动需要一个明智的组合。

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Environmental regulation and firms’ extensive margin decisions 环境法规与企业的广泛利润决策

IF 5.9 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103224

Shuo Li , Min Wang

The paper explores the impacts of environmental regulation on Chinese firms’ extensive margin decisions and resulting changes in market structure and competitiveness. We find that environmental regulation significantly deters firm entry in pollution-intensive industries, while its impact on firm exit is negligible, revealing an asymmetric impact at the extensive margin. The theoretical model and empirical evidence suggest that regulation raises average productivity by selecting against low-productivity entrants and allowing high-productivity firms to enter at smaller scales. We also test for spatial spillovers and find no substantial firm relocation to unregulated areas. These results highlight market selection as a key mechanism through which environmental regulation reshapes industrial dynamics.

本文探讨了环境规制对中国企业粗放利润决策的影响，以及由此导致的市场结构和竞争力的变化。研究发现，环境规制显著阻碍了企业进入污染密集型产业，而环境规制对企业退出的影响可以忽略不计，揭示了在广泛边际上的不对称影响。理论模型和经验证据表明，监管通过选择低生产率的进入者，并允许高生产率的企业以较小的规模进入，从而提高了平均生产率。我们还测试了空间溢出效应，并没有发现企业大量迁移到不受监管的地区。这些结果突出表明，市场选择是环境监管重塑产业动态的关键机制。

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