Abstract Host adaptability and insecticide resistance of insects are closely related to detoxification metabolism-related proteins. In this study, the distribution and expression of glutathione s-transferase (GST) in Agrilus zanthoxylumi Hou (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) were studied. Based on the transcriptome data of A. zanthoxylumi, five GST genes were screened and cloned. The transcription levels of the five GST genes in male and female adult head, thorax, abdomen, legs and wings were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in order to provide a theoretical basis for the functional study of the gene. The results showed that all five GST genes had highly conserved N-terminal domain or C-terminal domain, belonging to two subfamilies of Delta or Sigma. The phylogenetic tree results showed that the evolutionary relationship of GST genes between A. zanthoxylumi, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), and Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was the closest; RT-qPCR results showed that the five GST genes were differentially expressed in different tissues and sexes, and its expression level in each tissue of the male was higher than that of the female as a whole, especially in the head. The results of this study can provide basic data for analyzing the mechanism of detoxification resistance of A. zanthoxylumi and provide reference for its biological control and resistance research.
{"title":"Cloning and Expression Analysis of Glutathione S-transferase Genes from Agrilus zanthoxylumi (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)","authors":"Chen Di, Guo Li, Xie Shou-an, Gao Xiao-jin, Jia Ren-Hang, Zhang Ze-Teng, Q. Yu, LV Shu-Jie","doi":"10.18474/JES21-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES21-20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Host adaptability and insecticide resistance of insects are closely related to detoxification metabolism-related proteins. In this study, the distribution and expression of glutathione s-transferase (GST) in Agrilus zanthoxylumi Hou (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) were studied. Based on the transcriptome data of A. zanthoxylumi, five GST genes were screened and cloned. The transcription levels of the five GST genes in male and female adult head, thorax, abdomen, legs and wings were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in order to provide a theoretical basis for the functional study of the gene. The results showed that all five GST genes had highly conserved N-terminal domain or C-terminal domain, belonging to two subfamilies of Delta or Sigma. The phylogenetic tree results showed that the evolutionary relationship of GST genes between A. zanthoxylumi, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), and Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was the closest; RT-qPCR results showed that the five GST genes were differentially expressed in different tissues and sexes, and its expression level in each tissue of the male was higher than that of the female as a whole, especially in the head. The results of this study can provide basic data for analyzing the mechanism of detoxification resistance of A. zanthoxylumi and provide reference for its biological control and resistance research.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"173 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45093623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus Hope, is a devastating wood borer of several species of pine trees, and the main transmitting vector of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle (Aphelenchida: Parasitaphelenchidae). To explore new techniques for prevention and control of this destructive beetle, a novel gene vacuolar ATPase subunit H (V-ATPase H) was chosen as RNA interference (RNAi) target gene. Relative expression of V-ATPase H in different tissues and silencing efficiency in an in vitro RNAi experiment was assayed by using reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that the mRNA abundance of V-ATPase H in the gut was significantly higher than that in fat body, residual body, and hemolymph. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting V-ATPase H was able to silence the expression of target gene effectively at 24 h posttreatment. Expression of immunity-related genes was examined after treatment with dsRNA targeting V-ATPase H, and transcript levels were compared with the control. The results showed that RNAi suppression of V-ATPase H inhibited the expression of immunity-related genes. This is the first demonstration of an in vitro RNAi experiment in any insect hemolymph that provides a novel environment for evaluating RNAi in insects, as well as shows potential for developing RNAi-mediated strategy for the control of M. alternatus.
{"title":"RNAi Suppression of Vacuolar ATPase Subunit H Inhibits Immunity-Related Gene Expression in Pine Sawyer Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)","authors":"Xiaojuan Li, Huayang Yin, Wan-lin Guo, Xiaoxiao Niu, Guang-ping Dong, Jianmin Fang, Hongjian Liu","doi":"10.18474/JES21-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES21-33","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus Hope, is a devastating wood borer of several species of pine trees, and the main transmitting vector of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle (Aphelenchida: Parasitaphelenchidae). To explore new techniques for prevention and control of this destructive beetle, a novel gene vacuolar ATPase subunit H (V-ATPase H) was chosen as RNA interference (RNAi) target gene. Relative expression of V-ATPase H in different tissues and silencing efficiency in an in vitro RNAi experiment was assayed by using reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that the mRNA abundance of V-ATPase H in the gut was significantly higher than that in fat body, residual body, and hemolymph. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting V-ATPase H was able to silence the expression of target gene effectively at 24 h posttreatment. Expression of immunity-related genes was examined after treatment with dsRNA targeting V-ATPase H, and transcript levels were compared with the control. The results showed that RNAi suppression of V-ATPase H inhibited the expression of immunity-related genes. This is the first demonstration of an in vitro RNAi experiment in any insect hemolymph that provides a novel environment for evaluating RNAi in insects, as well as shows potential for developing RNAi-mediated strategy for the control of M. alternatus.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"204 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41924509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bryan N Ayres, Angela M James, Morgan E Wehtje, William L Nicholson
Feral swine, Sus scrofa L., have become a nuisance to landowners across the United States by damaging agriculture, property, and ecosystems. Additionally, these animals have been found to host various ixodid ticks including Amblyomma americanum (L.), Amblyomma maculatum Koch, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and Ixodes scapularis Say, which can maintain and transmit several rickettsial pathogens to livestock, wildlife, and humans. Though previous research has identified the maintenance cycle of several rickettsial pathogens in ticks and native wildlife, little is known about the role S. scrofa plays in supporting ixodid ticks and the pathogens these ticks could be harboring. This study sought to identify rickettsial agents (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae and Rickettsiaceae) in ticks collected from S. scrofa obtained in Florida and South Carolina. Overall, ticks from four species (A. americanum, D. variabilis, I. scapularis, and A. maculatum) totaling 258 collected individuals were obtained from S. scrofa (n = 45). We found an Ehrlichia chaffeensis Anderson et al. infection prevalence in A. americanum of 2.7% and 2.9% in Florida and South Carolina, respectively. A Rickettsia parkeri Lackman et al. prevalence of 100% and 33% was found in A. maculatum from Florida and South Carolina, respectively. Additionally, a 0.9% infection prevalence of R. parkeri was identified in A. americanum collected in South Carolina. A 1.9% Ehrlichia ewingii Anderson et al. infection prevalence was documented in collected A. americanum in South Carolina. Further studies are warranted to better understand the role S. scrofa plays in the natural maintenance of rickettsial agents in various regions of the United States.
{"title":"Rickettsial Agents Detected in Ixodid Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected from <i>Sus scrofa</i> (Artiodactyla: Suidae) in Florida and South Carolina.","authors":"Bryan N Ayres, Angela M James, Morgan E Wehtje, William L Nicholson","doi":"10.18474/jes21-63","DOIUrl":"10.18474/jes21-63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feral swine, <i>Sus scrofa</i> L., have become a nuisance to landowners across the United States by damaging agriculture, property, and ecosystems. Additionally, these animals have been found to host various ixodid ticks including <i>Amblyomma americanum</i> (L.), <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i> Koch, <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> (Say), and <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> Say, which can maintain and transmit several rickettsial pathogens to livestock, wildlife, and humans. Though previous research has identified the maintenance cycle of several rickettsial pathogens in ticks and native wildlife, little is known about the role <i>S. scrofa</i> plays in supporting ixodid ticks and the pathogens these ticks could be harboring. This study sought to identify rickettsial agents (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae and Rickettsiaceae) in ticks collected from <i>S. scrofa</i> obtained in Florida and South Carolina. Overall, ticks from four species (<i>A. americanum, D. variabilis, I. scapularis</i>, and <i>A. maculatum</i>) totaling 258 collected individuals were obtained from <i>S. scrofa</i> (<i>n</i> = 45). We found an <i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i> Anderson et al. infection prevalence in <i>A. americanum</i> of 2.7% and 2.9% in Florida and South Carolina, respectively. A <i>Rickettsia parkeri</i> Lackman et al. prevalence of 100% and 33% was found in <i>A. maculatum</i> from Florida and South Carolina, respectively. Additionally, a 0.9% infection prevalence of <i>R. parkeri</i> was identified in <i>A. americanum</i> collected in South Carolina. A 1.9% <i>Ehrlichia ewingii</i> Anderson et al. infection prevalence was documented in collected <i>A. americanum</i> in South Carolina. Further studies are warranted to better understand the role <i>S. scrofa</i> plays in the natural maintenance of rickettsial agents in various regions of the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"351-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49567367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The demand for silk increases as its economic value rises. Silk production by the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., is linked to the quality of the silkworm diet, leading to efforts to nutritionally enrich the mulberry (Morus alba L.) diet of silkworm larvae. Previous studies have established that spermidine, a polyamine, enhances larval growth in B. mori, subsequently increasing silk production. However, its role in improving the nutritional quality of the silkworm diet is not known. In this study, we evaluated the effects of spermidine-treated diet on the nutritional indices, polyamine levels, and antioxidant potential in fifth-instar larvae. We also assessed the effect of consumption of the spermidine-treated diet on the larval gut microbiome, which impacts digestion and assimilation of nutrients. Larvae consuming the spermidine-treated diet showed a significant increase in the efficiency of conversion of ingested food and digested food, intracellular polyamine levels (especially the conjugated and free fraction), antioxidant potential and cell viability, and both diversity and number of bacterial communities. These findings suggest that feeding mulberry leaves fortified with spermidine enhances nutritional efficiency in the B. mori larvae and may represent a method of increasing silk production by B. mori.
随着经济价值的提高，对丝绸的需求也随之增加。家蚕(Bombyx mori L.)的产丝与家蚕日粮的质量有关，因此需要努力丰富家蚕幼虫的桑(Morus alba L.)日粮的营养。以前的研究已经确定，亚精胺，一种多胺，可以促进家蚕幼虫的生长，从而增加蚕丝产量。然而，它在改善家蚕膳食营养质量方面的作用尚不清楚。本试验研究了亚精胺处理日粮对五龄仔鱼营养指标、多胺水平和抗氧化能力的影响。我们还评估了食用亚精胺处理过的饲料对幼虫肠道微生物群的影响，这影响了营养物质的消化和同化。食用亚精胺处理饲料的幼虫，其摄入和消化食物的转化效率、细胞内多胺水平(尤其是共轭和游离部分)、抗氧化潜能和细胞活力，以及细菌群落的多样性和数量均有显著提高。这些结果表明，在桑叶中添加亚精胺可以提高家蚕幼虫的营养效率，可能是家蚕增丝的一种方法。
{"title":"Spermidine Enhances Nutritional Indices of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) Larvae","authors":"Resma Rajan, Alekhya Rani Chunduri, Anugata Lima, Anitha Mamillapalli","doi":"10.18474/JES20-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES20-88","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The demand for silk increases as its economic value rises. Silk production by the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., is linked to the quality of the silkworm diet, leading to efforts to nutritionally enrich the mulberry (Morus alba L.) diet of silkworm larvae. Previous studies have established that spermidine, a polyamine, enhances larval growth in B. mori, subsequently increasing silk production. However, its role in improving the nutritional quality of the silkworm diet is not known. In this study, we evaluated the effects of spermidine-treated diet on the nutritional indices, polyamine levels, and antioxidant potential in fifth-instar larvae. We also assessed the effect of consumption of the spermidine-treated diet on the larval gut microbiome, which impacts digestion and assimilation of nutrients. Larvae consuming the spermidine-treated diet showed a significant increase in the efficiency of conversion of ingested food and digested food, intracellular polyamine levels (especially the conjugated and free fraction), antioxidant potential and cell viability, and both diversity and number of bacterial communities. These findings suggest that feeding mulberry leaves fortified with spermidine enhances nutritional efficiency in the B. mori larvae and may represent a method of increasing silk production by B. mori.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"12 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41494865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.; Family, Rosaceae) is ranked within the top three and top 25 agricultural crops in Santa Cruz and Monterey counties in California (Central Coast), respectively. The value of blackberry in Santa Cruz Co. has been estimated at ; US$52.8 million and has been planted on 367.5 ha (Santa Cruz County Crop Report 2019), while it has been valued at ; US$13.5 million and grown on 91.6 ha in Monterey Co. (Monterey County Crop Report 2019). Blackberry is produced continuously from June to October on the Central Coast of California. The crowns of blackberry plants are perennial, and their canes bear fruits. Many arthropod pests pose a threat to blackberry, such as apple pandemis (leafroller), Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott; omnivorous leafroller, Platynota stultana Walsingham; orange tortix, Argyrotaenia citrana (Fernald); redberry mite, Acalitus essigi (Hassan); white apple leafhopper, Typhlocvyba pomaria Walh; rose leafhopper, Edwardsiana rosae (L.); spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura; and greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Bolda and Bettiga 2015, Univ. California IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Caneberries, UC ANR Publication 3437). In recent years, widespread incidences of deformed blackberry fruits have been reported in many blackberry production farms in the Central Coast of California (Fig. 1A). Blackberry fruit deformation can be caused by insufficient pollination after irregular wind, rain, and extreme temperature events (Martin et al. 2017, Compendium of raspberry and blackberry diseases and insects. APS Press, 83– 85). Adults and nymphs of the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae), have been regularly observed on blackberry canes during the fruiting season on many farms from the midto late-season (S.V.J. and M.B.,
黑莓;蔷薇科，蔷薇科)在加州中部海岸的圣克鲁斯县和蒙特雷县分别位列前三名和前25名。黑莓在Santa Cruz Co.的价值估计为;价值5280万美元，种植面积367.5公顷(2019年圣克鲁斯县作物报告)，而其价值为;蒙特雷公司种植面积为91.6公顷，价值1350万美元(《2019年蒙特雷县作物报告》)。黑莓从6月到10月在加州中部海岸连续生产。黑莓的树冠是多年生植物，它们的藤蔓结果实。许多节肢动物害虫对黑莓构成威胁，如苹果大流行(叶卷虫)，pyrusana Kearfott大流行;杂食性卷叶虫;柑桔，柑橘Argyrotaenia citrana (Fernald);红莓螨，Acalitus essigi (Hassan);白苹果叶蝉(Typhlocvyba pomaria walsh);玫瑰叶蝉(Edwardsiana rosae);斑点翅果蝇，松村果蝇;温室粉虱，Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Bolda和Bettiga 2015，加州大学IPM有害生物管理指南:Caneberries, UC ANR出版物3437)。近年来，据报道，在加利福尼亚中部海岸的许多黑莓生产农场，黑莓果实变形的发生率普遍存在(图1A)。不规则风、雨和极端温度事件后，授粉不足会导致黑莓果实变形(Martin et al. 2017, Compendium of raspberry and Blackberry病虫)。APS出版社，83 - 85)。在许多农场的果实季节(中后期)，经常在黑莓藤上观察到西部褐蝽Lygus hesperus Knight(半翅目:Miridae)的成虫和若虫(S.V.J.和m.b.)。
{"title":"Role of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) Adult Feeding on Deformation of Blackberry Fruits","authors":"S. V. Joseph, M. Bolda","doi":"10.18474/JES21-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES21-46","url":null,"abstract":"Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.; Family, Rosaceae) is ranked within the top three and top 25 agricultural crops in Santa Cruz and Monterey counties in California (Central Coast), respectively. The value of blackberry in Santa Cruz Co. has been estimated at ; US$52.8 million and has been planted on 367.5 ha (Santa Cruz County Crop Report 2019), while it has been valued at ; US$13.5 million and grown on 91.6 ha in Monterey Co. (Monterey County Crop Report 2019). Blackberry is produced continuously from June to October on the Central Coast of California. The crowns of blackberry plants are perennial, and their canes bear fruits. Many arthropod pests pose a threat to blackberry, such as apple pandemis (leafroller), Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott; omnivorous leafroller, Platynota stultana Walsingham; orange tortix, Argyrotaenia citrana (Fernald); redberry mite, Acalitus essigi (Hassan); white apple leafhopper, Typhlocvyba pomaria Walh; rose leafhopper, Edwardsiana rosae (L.); spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura; and greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Bolda and Bettiga 2015, Univ. California IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Caneberries, UC ANR Publication 3437). In recent years, widespread incidences of deformed blackberry fruits have been reported in many blackberry production farms in the Central Coast of California (Fig. 1A). Blackberry fruit deformation can be caused by insufficient pollination after irregular wind, rain, and extreme temperature events (Martin et al. 2017, Compendium of raspberry and blackberry diseases and insects. APS Press, 83– 85). Adults and nymphs of the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae), have been regularly observed on blackberry canes during the fruiting season on many farms from the midto late-season (S.V.J. and M.B.,","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"134 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41660573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Cheng, Lihong Yin, Shi-ping Zhou, Min Tang, Yun-xian Li, Fa-zhong Yang
Abstract Plant-mediated indirect interactions (PMIIs) between phytopathogenic fungi and herbivorous insects on shared host plants occur in nature. Knowledge of PMIIs is critical in plant molecular breeding and integrated pest management. We studied the response and chemical mechanism of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), adults to rose plants, Rosa chinensis Jacquin, infected with rose powdery mildew, Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.: Fr.) de Bary. Using gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) coupled with electroantennogram (EAG), we found that beet armyworm antennae responded to 8, 11, and 3 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from noninfected roses, mildew-infected roses, and mildew alone, respectively. The EAG analyses showed 11 chemicals (e.g., limonene [1], 2-ethyl-1-hexanol [2], linalool [3], nonanal [4], (E)-β-caryophyllene [5], 1-dodecanol [7], nhexadecane [9], 1-hexadecanol [11], methyl palmitate [12], 1-octadecanol [14], and n-butyl hexadecanoate [15]) elicited electrophysiological responses of beet armyworm antennae with significant dose-response relationships (P < 0.05). The EAG responses to the three chemicals (3, 11, and 15) were greater than that to the reference chemical [i.e., (E)-2-hexenal] at 0.5, 5.0, and 50.0 mg/ml. Olfactory and ovipositional behavior assays indicated that three chemicals (2, 3, and 5) significantly attracted beet armyworm females and four chemicals (7, 11, 14, and 15) strongly repelled females. Chemicals 2, 3, and 5 from healthy roses appear to be responsible for the attraction of beet armyworm moths to healthy roses, whereas chemicals 7, 11, 14, and 15 from mildew-infected roses play key roles in inhibiting attraction of moths. VOCs from mildew alone did not attract or repel beet armyworm moths.
植物病原真菌与草食性昆虫在共同寄主植物上发生植物介导的间接相互作用(PMIIs)。PMIIs知识在植物分子育种和害虫综合治理中至关重要。研究了甜菜夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua, h bner)、成虫对玫瑰、月季、玫瑰白粉病、桃蚜(Podosphaera pannosa, Wallr)的反应及其化学机理。德·巴里。利用气相色谱-触角电图检测(GC-EAD)结合触角电图(EAG)，我们发现甜菜粘虫触角分别对未感染玫瑰、霉变玫瑰和霉变玫瑰中的8、11和3种挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)有响应。EAG分析显示，柠檬烯[1]、2-乙基-1-己醇[2]、芳樟醇[3]、壬醛[4]、(E)-β-石竹烯[5]、1-十二醇[7]、十六烷[9]、1-十六醇[11]、棕榈酸甲酯[12]、1-十八醇[14]、十六酸正丁酯[15]等11种化学物质引起了甜菜夜蛾触角的电生理反应，且呈显著的剂量-反应关系(P < 0.05)。在0.5、5.0和50.0 mg/ml时，三种化学物质(3、11和15)的EAG反应大于对照化学物质[即(E)-2-己烯醛]。嗅觉和产卵行为分析表明，3种化学物质(2、3和5)对雌性甜菜粘虫有显著的吸引作用，4种化学物质(7、11、14和15)对雌性甜菜粘虫有强烈的排斥作用。来自健康玫瑰的化学物质2、3和5似乎是导致甜菜粘虫蛾吸引健康玫瑰的原因，而来自霉菌感染玫瑰的化学物质7、11、14和15在抑制甜菜粘虫蛾的吸引方面起关键作用。单独来自霉菌的挥发性有机化合物对甜菜粘虫蛾没有吸引或排斥作用。
{"title":"The Inhibitory Effect of Powdery Mildew-Induced Volatiles from Rose on Host Selection Behavior of Beet Armyworm Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Jing Cheng, Lihong Yin, Shi-ping Zhou, Min Tang, Yun-xian Li, Fa-zhong Yang","doi":"10.18474/JES21-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES21-13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plant-mediated indirect interactions (PMIIs) between phytopathogenic fungi and herbivorous insects on shared host plants occur in nature. Knowledge of PMIIs is critical in plant molecular breeding and integrated pest management. We studied the response and chemical mechanism of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), adults to rose plants, Rosa chinensis Jacquin, infected with rose powdery mildew, Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.: Fr.) de Bary. Using gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) coupled with electroantennogram (EAG), we found that beet armyworm antennae responded to 8, 11, and 3 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from noninfected roses, mildew-infected roses, and mildew alone, respectively. The EAG analyses showed 11 chemicals (e.g., limonene [1], 2-ethyl-1-hexanol [2], linalool [3], nonanal [4], (E)-β-caryophyllene [5], 1-dodecanol [7], nhexadecane [9], 1-hexadecanol [11], methyl palmitate [12], 1-octadecanol [14], and n-butyl hexadecanoate [15]) elicited electrophysiological responses of beet armyworm antennae with significant dose-response relationships (P < 0.05). The EAG responses to the three chemicals (3, 11, and 15) were greater than that to the reference chemical [i.e., (E)-2-hexenal] at 0.5, 5.0, and 50.0 mg/ml. Olfactory and ovipositional behavior assays indicated that three chemicals (2, 3, and 5) significantly attracted beet armyworm females and four chemicals (7, 11, 14, and 15) strongly repelled females. Chemicals 2, 3, and 5 from healthy roses appear to be responsible for the attraction of beet armyworm moths to healthy roses, whereas chemicals 7, 11, 14, and 15 from mildew-infected roses play key roles in inhibiting attraction of moths. VOCs from mildew alone did not attract or repel beet armyworm moths.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"96 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43648446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saúl Arias-Corpuz, J. Romero-Nápoles, Luis Martín Hernández-Fuentes, H. González-Hernández, C. Illescas-Riquelme, J. R. Lomeli-Flores, E. Montalvo-González, Y. Nolasco-González, J. J. Velázquez-Monreal, M. García-Magaña
Abstract Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Rosales: Moraceae), was only recently introduced into Mexico, and the state of Nayarit has become its main source of production. Information on its management, development, and production in Mexico is scarce. In this study, we identified four species of scale insects on jackfruit belonging to the families Coccidae (one species), Diaspididae (two species), and Pseudococcidae (one species) from Coccomorpha. We found one species of a parasitic wasp (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and two ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated with the mango shield scale, Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green) (Coccidae). Three species of aphelinid parasitoids and one coccinellid species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were found attacking the lesser snow scale, Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley) (Diaspididae). The lesser snow scale and the mango shield scale were the most frequent scales insect species encountered in jackfruit orchards in Nayarit. Therefore, attention should be paid to the populations of these two scale insects, as well as to the type of interaction between ants and the mango shield scale, to design more efficient management of these pests.
{"title":"Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) on Jackfruit (Moraceae) in Nayarit, Mexico","authors":"Saúl Arias-Corpuz, J. Romero-Nápoles, Luis Martín Hernández-Fuentes, H. González-Hernández, C. Illescas-Riquelme, J. R. Lomeli-Flores, E. Montalvo-González, Y. Nolasco-González, J. J. Velázquez-Monreal, M. García-Magaña","doi":"10.18474/JES21-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES21-10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Rosales: Moraceae), was only recently introduced into Mexico, and the state of Nayarit has become its main source of production. Information on its management, development, and production in Mexico is scarce. In this study, we identified four species of scale insects on jackfruit belonging to the families Coccidae (one species), Diaspididae (two species), and Pseudococcidae (one species) from Coccomorpha. We found one species of a parasitic wasp (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and two ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated with the mango shield scale, Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green) (Coccidae). Three species of aphelinid parasitoids and one coccinellid species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were found attacking the lesser snow scale, Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley) (Diaspididae). The lesser snow scale and the mango shield scale were the most frequent scales insect species encountered in jackfruit orchards in Nayarit. Therefore, attention should be paid to the populations of these two scale insects, as well as to the type of interaction between ants and the mango shield scale, to design more efficient management of these pests.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"82 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46041056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pest management professionals (PMPs) conducting inspections in the southeastern United States encountered Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) insulation in attics and crawlspaces as promoted by the Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance (SPFA), http://www.sprayfoam.org/, and approved in building codes (American Chemical Council 2009, https://polyurethane.americanchemistry.com/Resourcesand-Document-Library/10525.pdf. Last accessed 15 July 2021). PMPs began cancelling pest control contracts with customers who retrofitted existing structures using SPF because the insulation prevented visual inspections for termites and other wood-destroying organisms. The Georgia (USA) Structural Pest Control Commission (GSPCC), therefore, issued a Public Notice to inform consumers of the benefits and risks of SPF applied to homes (GSPCC 2018, http://agr.georgia.gov/ Data/Sites/1/media/ag_plantindustry/structural_pestcontrol/structural_pest_control_ commission/files/Notice-18-04-Spray-Foam-Insulation-and-Pest-Management.pdf. Last accessed 15 July 2021). Media coverage resulting from the notice prompted a meeting of stakeholders in January 2019 for the purpose of discussing termite inspections, SPF, and consumer education (PCT February, October 2019, http:// magazine.pctonline.com/article/february-2019/foam-friend-or-foe.aspx and http:// magazine.pctonline.com/article/october-2019/update-spray-foam–termite-protection. aspx. Last accessed 15 July 2021). Subsequent to those events, a termite swarm was reported in the River Basin Building on the University of Georgia campus in Athens on 30 April 2019. A visual inspection found an infestation of Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in the crawlspace. The River Basin building, a cinderblock structure, was constructed on a concrete slab with a crawlspace (approximately 36 m) in the northeast corner defined by a wall approximately 2-m high with wood
在美国东南部进行检查的害虫管理专业人员（PMP）在阁楼和爬行空间遇到了由喷涂聚氨酯泡沫联盟（SPFA）推广的喷涂聚氨酯泡沫（SPF）隔热材料，http://www.sprayfoam.org/，并在建筑规范中得到批准（American Chemical Council 2009，https://polyurethane.americanchemistry.com/Resourcesand-Document-Library/10525.pdf.上次访问时间：2021年7月15日）。PMP开始取消与使用SPF改造现有结构的客户签订的害虫防治合同，因为隔热层阻止了对白蚁和其他破坏木材的生物进行目视检查。因此，佐治亚州（美国）结构害虫控制委员会（GSPCC）发布了一份公告，告知消费者SPF应用于家庭的好处和风险（GSPCC 2018，http://agr.georgia.gov/数据/站点/1/media/ag_plantdindustry/structural_pestcontrol/structural_pest_control_commission/files/Notice-18-04-Spray-Foom-Insulation-and-Test-Management.pdf。上次访问时间：2021年7月15日）。该通知引发的媒体报道促使利益相关者于2019年1月召开会议，讨论白蚁检查、SPF、，和消费者教育（PCT，2019年2月、10月，http://magazine.pctonline.com/article/February-2019/foam-friend-or-foe.aspx和http://magazine。pctonline.com/article/October-2019/update spray foam–白蚁防护.aspx。上次访问时间为2021年7月15日）。在这些事件之后，据报道，2019年4月30日，雅典乔治亚大学校园的河流域大楼出现了白蚁群。目视检查发现，爬行空间内有弗吉尼亚Reticulitermes virginicus（Banks）（Blattodea：Rhinomitidae）的侵扰。River Basin大楼是一座煤渣砖结构，建在一块混凝土板上，东北角有一个爬行空间（约36米），由一堵约2米高的木板墙界定
{"title":"Demonstration Project Reporting Detection of Subterranean Termite (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) Infestation and Spray Polyurethane Foam","authors":"B. Forschler","doi":"10.18474/JES21-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES21-47","url":null,"abstract":"Pest management professionals (PMPs) conducting inspections in the southeastern United States encountered Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) insulation in attics and crawlspaces as promoted by the Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance (SPFA), http://www.sprayfoam.org/, and approved in building codes (American Chemical Council 2009, https://polyurethane.americanchemistry.com/Resourcesand-Document-Library/10525.pdf. Last accessed 15 July 2021). PMPs began cancelling pest control contracts with customers who retrofitted existing structures using SPF because the insulation prevented visual inspections for termites and other wood-destroying organisms. The Georgia (USA) Structural Pest Control Commission (GSPCC), therefore, issued a Public Notice to inform consumers of the benefits and risks of SPF applied to homes (GSPCC 2018, http://agr.georgia.gov/ Data/Sites/1/media/ag_plantindustry/structural_pestcontrol/structural_pest_control_ commission/files/Notice-18-04-Spray-Foam-Insulation-and-Pest-Management.pdf. Last accessed 15 July 2021). Media coverage resulting from the notice prompted a meeting of stakeholders in January 2019 for the purpose of discussing termite inspections, SPF, and consumer education (PCT February, October 2019, http:// magazine.pctonline.com/article/february-2019/foam-friend-or-foe.aspx and http:// magazine.pctonline.com/article/october-2019/update-spray-foam–termite-protection. aspx. Last accessed 15 July 2021). Subsequent to those events, a termite swarm was reported in the River Basin Building on the University of Georgia campus in Athens on 30 April 2019. A visual inspection found an infestation of Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in the crawlspace. The River Basin building, a cinderblock structure, was constructed on a concrete slab with a crawlspace (approximately 36 m) in the northeast corner defined by a wall approximately 2-m high with wood","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"138 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44509729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The use of artificial diets for rearing natural enemies is an expensive technique with negative implications in the development of parasitoids. The aim of this study was to determine the effects on the development of the parasitoid Chelonus insularis Cresson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using as the host Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae reared on castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. Twenty-five egg masses of S. frugiperda were exposed to adult parasitoids of C. insularis. One hundred twenty-three larvae were fed with castor bean leaves and 309 larvae with maize. Survival of S. frugiperda larvae and emergence of healthy adults of C. insularis were recorded. Durations of the developmental stages, weight per parasitoid, length of the radial cell, and total length of the forewing also were recorded. No significant differences were determined between the two host plants with respect to survival of S. frugiperda larvae or the emergence of healthy adults of C. insularis. Durations of the developmental stages of the parasitoid were longer on castor bean leaves than on maize. The length of the radial cell and the total length of the forewing were greater on parasitoids that emerged from castor bean-reared larvae than those reared on maize for both females and males. The weight per parasitoid did not differ. Chelonus insularis can be maintained in S. frugiperda larvae reared on castor and maize leaves but, based on these results, the use of castor bean leaves favors the size of the parasitoid.
{"title":"Development of the Parasitoid Chelonus insularis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Reared on Castor Bean and Maize Leaves","authors":"Erika Padilla-Cortes, Laura Martínez-Martínez","doi":"10.18474/JES20-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES20-93","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of artificial diets for rearing natural enemies is an expensive technique with negative implications in the development of parasitoids. The aim of this study was to determine the effects on the development of the parasitoid Chelonus insularis Cresson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using as the host Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae reared on castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. Twenty-five egg masses of S. frugiperda were exposed to adult parasitoids of C. insularis. One hundred twenty-three larvae were fed with castor bean leaves and 309 larvae with maize. Survival of S. frugiperda larvae and emergence of healthy adults of C. insularis were recorded. Durations of the developmental stages, weight per parasitoid, length of the radial cell, and total length of the forewing also were recorded. No significant differences were determined between the two host plants with respect to survival of S. frugiperda larvae or the emergence of healthy adults of C. insularis. Durations of the developmental stages of the parasitoid were longer on castor bean leaves than on maize. The length of the radial cell and the total length of the forewing were greater on parasitoids that emerged from castor bean-reared larvae than those reared on maize for both females and males. The weight per parasitoid did not differ. Chelonus insularis can be maintained in S. frugiperda larvae reared on castor and maize leaves but, based on these results, the use of castor bean leaves favors the size of the parasitoid.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"27 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49604617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sparks, Timothy Ryan Weredyk, Ty Torrance, J. Shealey, Stephanie Hollifield, W. Gay, J. Kichler, J. Hand
The pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano, is the key pest of peppers wherever the crop and pest coexist. Based on location of the original description (Cano 1894, Naturaleza 2: 377–379) and genetic analyses (Van De Vossenberg et al. 2019, PLos ONE 14(8): e0221182), the origin of the pepper weevil is considered to be Mexico. It is generally more prevalent in warmer climates and a consistent pest of peppers throughout Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and the southernmost states in the United States (Riley and King 1994, Trends in Agri. Sci. 2: 109–121). In the United States, the pepper weevil was first reported in Texas in 1904 (Walker 1905, USDA Bur. Entomol. Bull. 54: 43–48). This infestation was suspected to have resulted from importation and repackaging of infested peppers from Mexico (Elmore 1934, USDA Tech. Bull. 447). Elmore (1934) further indicated that movement of infested peppers, picking sacks, and young pepper plants likely moved weevils into new locations. Economically damaging infestations in both field and greenhouse grown peppers have been reported in more northern climates including New Jersey, Canada, the Netherlands, and Italy. These infestations have generally been attributed to importation of infested fruit as they occurred near repacking and processing facilities (Fernandez et al. 2020, J Integ. Pest Manag. 11(1): 1–11; Ingerson-Mahar et al. 2015, J. Integ. Pest Manag. 6(1): 77; Van de Vossenberg et al. 2019). The pepper weevil has a limited host range with plants in the Capsicum and Solanum genera as the only reported reproductive hosts (Elmore 1934; Fernandez
辣椒象鼻虫(Anthonomus eugenii Cano)是辣椒作物和害虫共存的主要害虫。根据原始描述的位置(Cano 1894, Naturaleza 2: 377-379)和遗传分析(Van De Vossenberg et al. 2019, PLos ONE 14(8): e0221182)，胡椒象鼻虫的起源被认为是墨西哥。它通常在温暖的气候中更为普遍，并且在整个墨西哥，中美洲，加勒比地区和美国最南端的州都是辣椒害虫(Riley和King 1994年，农业趋势。科学学报，2:109-121)。在美国，胡椒象鼻虫于1904年在德克萨斯州首次被报道(Walker 1905, USDA Bur。Entomol。牛。54:43-48)。这种虫害被怀疑是由于从墨西哥进口和重新包装受感染的辣椒造成的(Elmore 1934, USDA Tech Bull. 447)。Elmore(1934)进一步指出，受感染辣椒的移动、采摘麻袋和辣椒幼苗可能会将象鼻虫转移到新的地方。据报道，在包括新泽西、加拿大、荷兰和意大利在内的北部气候地区，田间和温室种植的辣椒都发生了具有经济破坏性的虫害。这些虫害通常归因于进口受感染的水果，因为它们发生在重新包装和加工设施附近(Fernandez et al. 2020, J Integ.)。有害生物防治，11(1):1 - 11;Ingerson-Mahar et al. 2015, J.集成电路。有害生物防治，6(1):77;Van de Vossenberg et al. 2019)。辣椒象鼻虫的寄主范围有限，只有辣椒属和茄属的植物被报道为可繁殖的寄主(Elmore 1934;费尔南德斯
{"title":"Overwintering of Anthonomus eugenii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Southern Georgia","authors":"A. Sparks, Timothy Ryan Weredyk, Ty Torrance, J. Shealey, Stephanie Hollifield, W. Gay, J. Kichler, J. Hand","doi":"10.18474/JES21-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES21-11","url":null,"abstract":"The pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano, is the key pest of peppers wherever the crop and pest coexist. Based on location of the original description (Cano 1894, Naturaleza 2: 377–379) and genetic analyses (Van De Vossenberg et al. 2019, PLos ONE 14(8): e0221182), the origin of the pepper weevil is considered to be Mexico. It is generally more prevalent in warmer climates and a consistent pest of peppers throughout Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and the southernmost states in the United States (Riley and King 1994, Trends in Agri. Sci. 2: 109–121). In the United States, the pepper weevil was first reported in Texas in 1904 (Walker 1905, USDA Bur. Entomol. Bull. 54: 43–48). This infestation was suspected to have resulted from importation and repackaging of infested peppers from Mexico (Elmore 1934, USDA Tech. Bull. 447). Elmore (1934) further indicated that movement of infested peppers, picking sacks, and young pepper plants likely moved weevils into new locations. Economically damaging infestations in both field and greenhouse grown peppers have been reported in more northern climates including New Jersey, Canada, the Netherlands, and Italy. These infestations have generally been attributed to importation of infested fruit as they occurred near repacking and processing facilities (Fernandez et al. 2020, J Integ. Pest Manag. 11(1): 1–11; Ingerson-Mahar et al. 2015, J. Integ. Pest Manag. 6(1): 77; Van de Vossenberg et al. 2019). The pepper weevil has a limited host range with plants in the Capsicum and Solanum genera as the only reported reproductive hosts (Elmore 1934; Fernandez","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"123 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41949733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：