Suijie Kuang, Yan Tang, Q. Gao, Hua-liang He, W. Ding, Jin Xue, Youzhi Li, Lin Qiu
Abstract Juvenile hormone (JH) is a major endocrine hormone that mediates development, metamorphosis, and reproduction in insects. It binds directly to its methoprene-tolerant receptor and recruits a heterodimer partner to form the JH–receptor complex that then activates a JH-inducible gene known as the Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1). There is evidence that this gene is a downstream factor mediating both physiological and biochemical processes; however, the functional mechanism of Kr-h1 is largely unknown. Using the economically important rice (Oryza sativa L.) pest Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) as a model, we used a combination of RNA interference (RNAi), high-throughput RNA sequencing, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to identify candidate transcription factor (TF) genes that are regulated by Kr-h1. RNAi knockdown of Krh1 identified the Zinc finger proteins, ZBTB, THAP, PAX, MYB, HSF, Homeobox, HMG, CSD, basic helix-loop-helix, STAT, RHD, and MBD families as regulated by Kr-h1. RT-qPCR confirmed the transcription levels of these putative TFs and indicated that knockdown of Kr-h1 can induce or suppress the expression of these proteins in C. suppressalis. These results provide the basic information required for in-depth research on the TFs regulated by Kr-h1 in C. suppressalis and other insects.
{"title":"Identification of Potential Target Transcription Factor Genes Regulated by Krüppel Homolog 1 in Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)","authors":"Suijie Kuang, Yan Tang, Q. Gao, Hua-liang He, W. Ding, Jin Xue, Youzhi Li, Lin Qiu","doi":"10.18474/JES22-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-39","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Juvenile hormone (JH) is a major endocrine hormone that mediates development, metamorphosis, and reproduction in insects. It binds directly to its methoprene-tolerant receptor and recruits a heterodimer partner to form the JH–receptor complex that then activates a JH-inducible gene known as the Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1). There is evidence that this gene is a downstream factor mediating both physiological and biochemical processes; however, the functional mechanism of Kr-h1 is largely unknown. Using the economically important rice (Oryza sativa L.) pest Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) as a model, we used a combination of RNA interference (RNAi), high-throughput RNA sequencing, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to identify candidate transcription factor (TF) genes that are regulated by Kr-h1. RNAi knockdown of Krh1 identified the Zinc finger proteins, ZBTB, THAP, PAX, MYB, HSF, Homeobox, HMG, CSD, basic helix-loop-helix, STAT, RHD, and MBD families as regulated by Kr-h1. RT-qPCR confirmed the transcription levels of these putative TFs and indicated that knockdown of Kr-h1 can induce or suppress the expression of these proteins in C. suppressalis. These results provide the basic information required for in-depth research on the TFs regulated by Kr-h1 in C. suppressalis and other insects.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49001815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bald eagles, Haliaeetus leucocephalus L., are found throughout North America and are often seen in areas where fish (their preferred food) are abundant (Bildstein 2017, Raptors, Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY). Like other birds, bald eagles may be parasitized by a variety of ectoparasites including lice and mites (Price and Graham 1997, Chewing and Sucking Lice as Parasites of Mammals and Birds, USDA Tech. Bull. No. 1849, Washington, DC; Philips 2000, J. Raptor Res. 34:210– 231). Chewing lice, along with the other parasitic lice, were formerly placed in the insect Order Phthiraptera, but now have been placed within nonparasitic bark lice and book lice in the Order Psocodea (Durden 2019, Lice, Pg. 79–104, G.R. Mullen and L.A. Durden [eds.], Lice, Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 3ed, Elsevier, New York). Five genera of chewing lice, particularly those in the family Menoponidae have been reported previously from bald eagles (Price and Beer 1963, Can. Entomol. 95:731–763; Price et al. 2003, Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publ. No. 24), but records from Mississippi are rare or nonexistent. Here, we report four specimens of Colpocephalum sp. collected from two bald eagles nesting near the Mississippi Gulf Coast. On 8 March 2022, two male bald eagle nestlings were banded by the second author (SR) and his assistants at the Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson Co., Mississippi, near Gautier (GPS coordinates: 3082730N, 8883930W). During the banding process, an estimated 15 lice were seen running across his fingers and arms; 4 were captured and placed in a vial of alcohol. At the laboratory, all four lice were removed from the alcohol, cleared in a 6.0% potassium hydroxide solution, and mounted on microscope slides for identification using a standard taxonomic key (Fig. 1) (Clay 1969, Bull. British Mus. Nat. Hist. Entomol.
{"title":"Colpocephalum sp. Chewing Lice (Psocodea: Menoponidae) Collected From Bald Eagles in Mississippi","authors":"J. Goddard, S. Rush, Therese A. Catanach","doi":"10.18474/jes22-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes22-73","url":null,"abstract":"Bald eagles, Haliaeetus leucocephalus L., are found throughout North America and are often seen in areas where fish (their preferred food) are abundant (Bildstein 2017, Raptors, Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY). Like other birds, bald eagles may be parasitized by a variety of ectoparasites including lice and mites (Price and Graham 1997, Chewing and Sucking Lice as Parasites of Mammals and Birds, USDA Tech. Bull. No. 1849, Washington, DC; Philips 2000, J. Raptor Res. 34:210– 231). Chewing lice, along with the other parasitic lice, were formerly placed in the insect Order Phthiraptera, but now have been placed within nonparasitic bark lice and book lice in the Order Psocodea (Durden 2019, Lice, Pg. 79–104, G.R. Mullen and L.A. Durden [eds.], Lice, Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 3ed, Elsevier, New York). Five genera of chewing lice, particularly those in the family Menoponidae have been reported previously from bald eagles (Price and Beer 1963, Can. Entomol. 95:731–763; Price et al. 2003, Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publ. No. 24), but records from Mississippi are rare or nonexistent. Here, we report four specimens of Colpocephalum sp. collected from two bald eagles nesting near the Mississippi Gulf Coast. On 8 March 2022, two male bald eagle nestlings were banded by the second author (SR) and his assistants at the Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson Co., Mississippi, near Gautier (GPS coordinates: 3082730N, 8883930W). During the banding process, an estimated 15 lice were seen running across his fingers and arms; 4 were captured and placed in a vial of alcohol. At the laboratory, all four lice were removed from the alcohol, cleared in a 6.0% potassium hydroxide solution, and mounted on microscope slides for identification using a standard taxonomic key (Fig. 1) (Clay 1969, Bull. British Mus. Nat. Hist. Entomol.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46076310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an ectoparasitoid of the pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). A sensitive and precise olfactory system is required for the accurate location of the coleopteran host by D. helophoroides neonates. Herein, we characterized the relative expression patterns of six representative olfactory-related genes at different stages of M. alternatus parasitism and in different body regions of D. helophoroides neonates. The genes encoding chemosensory protein 2 (DhelCSP2), odorant receptor 2 (DhelOR2), and ionotropic receptor 2 (DhelIR2) were significantly upregulated before parasitization was initiated, whereas the genes encoding odorant binding protein 8 (DhelOBP8), gustatory receptor 5 (DhelGR5), and sensory neuron membrane protein 1 (DhelSNMP1) were significantly upregulated 4–5 d after initiation of parasitism. In D. helophoroides neonates, four genes (DhelOBP8, DhelCSP2, DhelOR2, and DhelIR2) were significantly upregulated in the head compared with the thoracoabdominal region, and one gene (DhelGR5) was significantly upregulated in the thoracoabdominal area compared with the head. Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting the six olfactory-related genes were synthesized and delivered to D. helophoroides neonates via immersion. After dsRNA treatment, the transcript levels of four olfactory-related genes (DhelOBP8, DhelCSP2, DhelOR2, and DhelSNMP1) were significantly reduced compared with that of the controls. These results provide a basis for further functional explorations of D. helophoroides olfactory genes, which may lead to the development of improved biological pest control methods using D. helophoroides larvae.
{"title":"Temporal and Spatial Expression of Parasitism-Related Olfactory Genes in Larvae of the Ectoparasitoid Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae)","authors":"Huayang Yin, Xiaojuan Li, Guang-ping Dong, Wan-lin Guo, Jianmin Fang, Hongjian Liu","doi":"10.18474/JES22-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-64","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an ectoparasitoid of the pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). A sensitive and precise olfactory system is required for the accurate location of the coleopteran host by D. helophoroides neonates. Herein, we characterized the relative expression patterns of six representative olfactory-related genes at different stages of M. alternatus parasitism and in different body regions of D. helophoroides neonates. The genes encoding chemosensory protein 2 (DhelCSP2), odorant receptor 2 (DhelOR2), and ionotropic receptor 2 (DhelIR2) were significantly upregulated before parasitization was initiated, whereas the genes encoding odorant binding protein 8 (DhelOBP8), gustatory receptor 5 (DhelGR5), and sensory neuron membrane protein 1 (DhelSNMP1) were significantly upregulated 4–5 d after initiation of parasitism. In D. helophoroides neonates, four genes (DhelOBP8, DhelCSP2, DhelOR2, and DhelIR2) were significantly upregulated in the head compared with the thoracoabdominal region, and one gene (DhelGR5) was significantly upregulated in the thoracoabdominal area compared with the head. Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting the six olfactory-related genes were synthesized and delivered to D. helophoroides neonates via immersion. After dsRNA treatment, the transcript levels of four olfactory-related genes (DhelOBP8, DhelCSP2, DhelOR2, and DhelSNMP1) were significantly reduced compared with that of the controls. These results provide a basis for further functional explorations of D. helophoroides olfactory genes, which may lead to the development of improved biological pest control methods using D. helophoroides larvae.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42865314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afsoon Sabet, Erika Dalliance, M. Embers, S. Ward, J. Goddard
Abstract Bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are common, hematophagous ectoparasites of humans and other animals and are experiencing an international resurgence. Cimicids have been suspected in the transmission of many disease agents, including Bartonella species; however, disease transmission of any kind has not yet been confirmed in natural disease cycles. Bartonella spp. are transmitted by a variety of arthropods, including fleas, lice, and sand flies, but the potential role of bed bugs in transmission remains unknown. In this study, we used an artificial membrane to feed rabbit blood, either infected or uninfected with Bartonella henselae Regnery et al. (Alphaproteobacteria: Bartonellaceae) to two groups of adult Cimex lectularius L. After 2 wks, the presence of B. henselae in the gut and salivary glands of bugs was assessed via PCR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Although 4 of 10 bed bug guts showed evidence of B. henselae, we were unable to visually detect B. henselae in any of the salivary gland TEM images.
{"title":"Attempt to Artificially Infect Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) with Bartonella henselae (Alphaproteobacteria: Bartonellaceae)","authors":"Afsoon Sabet, Erika Dalliance, M. Embers, S. Ward, J. Goddard","doi":"10.18474/JES22-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-57","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are common, hematophagous ectoparasites of humans and other animals and are experiencing an international resurgence. Cimicids have been suspected in the transmission of many disease agents, including Bartonella species; however, disease transmission of any kind has not yet been confirmed in natural disease cycles. Bartonella spp. are transmitted by a variety of arthropods, including fleas, lice, and sand flies, but the potential role of bed bugs in transmission remains unknown. In this study, we used an artificial membrane to feed rabbit blood, either infected or uninfected with Bartonella henselae Regnery et al. (Alphaproteobacteria: Bartonellaceae) to two groups of adult Cimex lectularius L. After 2 wks, the presence of B. henselae in the gut and salivary glands of bugs was assessed via PCR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Although 4 of 10 bed bug guts showed evidence of B. henselae, we were unable to visually detect B. henselae in any of the salivary gland TEM images.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47320222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Itzcóatl Martínez-Sánchez, M. Vásquez-Bolaños, G. Gaona-García, Ericka Martínez-Hernández, A. López-Mancilla, Madai Rosas-Mejía
Four species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are reported as new state records for Hidalgo, Mexico, a state with 249 previous records of native species (Guenard et al. 2017, Myrmecol. News 24:83–89). Ant specimens were collected for 2 yr as part of an inventory of formicids associated with corn (Zea mays L), coffee (Coffea arabica L.), and orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) crops to analyze the structure of ant communities in northeastern Hidalgo near the municipality of Huejutla. Each site was characterized by a number of plant species other than the principal crop. Cleared areas near Huejutla had adjacent patches of vegetation composed of medium subevergreen forest and high evergreen forest that included Nectandra ambigens (Blake) Allen (Lauraceae), Aphananthe monoica (Hemsl.) J.L. Leroy (Cannabaceae), Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. (Burseraceae), Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. (Urticaceae), Brosimum alicastrum Swartz (Moraceae), Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae), and Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm. (Arecaceae). Corn fields also contained such plant species as Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae), Ipomoea purpurea L. (Convolvulaceae), Heliconia schiedeana L. (Heliconiaceae), Commelina erecta L. (Commelinaceae), Croton draco Schltdl. & Cham. (Euphorbiaceae), and Guazuma ulmifolia Lam (Malvaceae). Commelina erecta L. (Commelinaceae), Christella ovata var. Lindheimeri (C. Chr) A.R.Sm. (Thelypteridaceae), C. tepejilote, Heliocarpus appendiculatus Turcz (Malvaceae), H. schiedeana, and Musa
{"title":"New Records of Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species for Hidalgo, Mexico","authors":"Itzcóatl Martínez-Sánchez, M. Vásquez-Bolaños, G. Gaona-García, Ericka Martínez-Hernández, A. López-Mancilla, Madai Rosas-Mejía","doi":"10.18474/JES22-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-78","url":null,"abstract":"Four species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are reported as new state records for Hidalgo, Mexico, a state with 249 previous records of native species (Guenard et al. 2017, Myrmecol. News 24:83–89). Ant specimens were collected for 2 yr as part of an inventory of formicids associated with corn (Zea mays L), coffee (Coffea arabica L.), and orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) crops to analyze the structure of ant communities in northeastern Hidalgo near the municipality of Huejutla. Each site was characterized by a number of plant species other than the principal crop. Cleared areas near Huejutla had adjacent patches of vegetation composed of medium subevergreen forest and high evergreen forest that included Nectandra ambigens (Blake) Allen (Lauraceae), Aphananthe monoica (Hemsl.) J.L. Leroy (Cannabaceae), Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. (Burseraceae), Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. (Urticaceae), Brosimum alicastrum Swartz (Moraceae), Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae), and Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm. (Arecaceae). Corn fields also contained such plant species as Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae), Ipomoea purpurea L. (Convolvulaceae), Heliconia schiedeana L. (Heliconiaceae), Commelina erecta L. (Commelinaceae), Croton draco Schltdl. & Cham. (Euphorbiaceae), and Guazuma ulmifolia Lam (Malvaceae). Commelina erecta L. (Commelinaceae), Christella ovata var. Lindheimeri (C. Chr) A.R.Sm. (Thelypteridaceae), C. tepejilote, Heliocarpus appendiculatus Turcz (Malvaceae), H. schiedeana, and Musa","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43734780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This report is a review of pertinent scientific literature on the chemical communication of the Miridae (Order Hemiptera; Suborder Heteroptera), with a focus on the sympatric species Eccritotarsus catarinensis Carvhalho and Eccritotarsus eichhorniae Henry. Both species have been deployed as biological control agents of water hyacinth, Pontederia (Eichhornia) crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach, in over 30 sites in South Africa. Our aim in this review was to gather and assimilate information on the chemical communication and chemical ecology of mirids, with an ultimate goal of enhancing the effectiveness of biological control agents of water hyacinth, particularly E. catarinensis and E. eichhorniae. Many hemipterans have highly developed metathoracic scent glands (MTGs), Brindley's glands, and secretory setae that store and emit chemicals that may act as allomones, kairomones, or pheromones. The preponderance of the available literature dealt with sex pheromones. Hexyl butyrate, (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal, and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate are reported to be sex pheromones in many mirids: for example, Adelphocoris fasciaticollis Reuter, Apolygus spinolae Meyer-Dür, Liocoris tripustulatus F., Lygocoris pabulinus L., several Lygus spp. (Lygus hesperus Knight, Lygus lineolaris Beauvois, Lygus elisus van Duzee, Lygus pratensis L., and Lygus rugulipennis Poppius), and Stenotus rubrovittatus Matsumura. Hexyl butyrate is the most prevalent sex pheromone in Miridae, while (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal is the most prevalent sex pheromone in Heteroptera. Both pheromones co-occur in some species and exhibit many functionalities. The constancy of sex pheromones linked to behavioral patterns in Miridae suggest a punctuated equilibrium pattern of evolution (dating back to the Triassic), similar to morphological characters of many insects.
摘要本文对半翅目昆虫科化学通讯的相关文献进行了综述;异翅目)，重点研究了同域种卡塔林亚目(Eccritotarsus catarinensis Carvhalho)和埃奇霍尼亚目(Eccritotarsus eichhorniae Henry)。这两个物种已作为水葫芦Pontederia (Eichhornia) crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach的生物防治剂部署在南非的30多个地点。本文旨在收集和吸收水葫芦的化学通讯和化学生态学方面的信息，以提高水葫芦生物防治剂的有效性，特别是卡塔林水葫芦和水葫芦。许多半足动物都有高度发达的胸后气味腺(MTGs)、布林德利腺(Brindley’s)和分泌性腺，这些性腺储存和释放的化学物质可能起到异激素、kairomones或费洛蒙的作用。现有的文献主要是关于性信息素的。据报道，丁酸己基、(E)-4-氧-2-己烯醛和(E)-2-己烯基丁酸己基是许多昆虫的性信息素:例如，束带盲蝽、棘盲蝽、三角盲蝽、pabulinus L.、几种盲蝽(Knight Lygus hesperus、Beauvois Lygus lineolaris Beauvois、Lygus elisus van Duzee、pratensis L.和rugulipennis Poppius)和松村盲蝽。丁酸己酯是螟科中最常见的性信息素，而(E)-4-氧-2-己烯醛是异翅目中最常见的性信息素。这两种信息素在一些物种中同时出现，并表现出许多功能。与Miridae的行为模式相关的性信息素的稳定性表明进化的间断平衡模式(可追溯到三叠纪)，类似于许多昆虫的形态特征。
{"title":"A Review of Chemically Based Communication in Miridae, with a Focus on Two Sympatric Species of Eccritotarsus","authors":"S. Mnguni, Lelethu Unathi-Nkosi Peter Heshula","doi":"10.18474/JES22-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-62","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This report is a review of pertinent scientific literature on the chemical communication of the Miridae (Order Hemiptera; Suborder Heteroptera), with a focus on the sympatric species Eccritotarsus catarinensis Carvhalho and Eccritotarsus eichhorniae Henry. Both species have been deployed as biological control agents of water hyacinth, Pontederia (Eichhornia) crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach, in over 30 sites in South Africa. Our aim in this review was to gather and assimilate information on the chemical communication and chemical ecology of mirids, with an ultimate goal of enhancing the effectiveness of biological control agents of water hyacinth, particularly E. catarinensis and E. eichhorniae. Many hemipterans have highly developed metathoracic scent glands (MTGs), Brindley's glands, and secretory setae that store and emit chemicals that may act as allomones, kairomones, or pheromones. The preponderance of the available literature dealt with sex pheromones. Hexyl butyrate, (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal, and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate are reported to be sex pheromones in many mirids: for example, Adelphocoris fasciaticollis Reuter, Apolygus spinolae Meyer-Dür, Liocoris tripustulatus F., Lygocoris pabulinus L., several Lygus spp. (Lygus hesperus Knight, Lygus lineolaris Beauvois, Lygus elisus van Duzee, Lygus pratensis L., and Lygus rugulipennis Poppius), and Stenotus rubrovittatus Matsumura. Hexyl butyrate is the most prevalent sex pheromone in Miridae, while (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal is the most prevalent sex pheromone in Heteroptera. Both pheromones co-occur in some species and exhibit many functionalities. The constancy of sex pheromones linked to behavioral patterns in Miridae suggest a punctuated equilibrium pattern of evolution (dating back to the Triassic), similar to morphological characters of many insects.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47863837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yubo Zhang, Zhengxue Zhao, Yingjian Wang, Tianlei Liu
Abstract Cicadella viridis (L.) and Evacanthus interruptus L. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) are two of the most important leafhopper pests worldwide. Identifying habitat suitability areas of these species could be useful for their management. This study used the MaxEnt model to predict the current and future global habitat suitability areas of these species based on distribution and associated environmental data. The model showed that isothermality and the mean temperature of the driest quarter of the year were the most important environmental factors affecting the distribution of C. viridis and E. interruptus. Europe and southern China are the current primary habitat suitability areas for the two species. The high habitat suitability areas for C. viridis are also concentrated in these areas, whereas the high habitat suitability areas for E. interruptus are mainly found in western Europe. Under future climate change scenarios, the area of the two species habitat suitability areas increases, and the high habitat suitability areas for C. viridis decrease. However, the high habitat suitability areas for E. interruptus increase in 2041–2060 shared socioeconomic pathways 585 (ssp585) but decrease in 2041–2060 and 2061–2080 shared socioeconomic pathways 126 (ssp126). It is necessary to develop measures to monitor these species within habitat suitability areas, especially in high habitat suitability areas, to reduce economic losses.
{"title":"Suitable Habitats for Cicadella viridis and Evacanthus interruptus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with Global Climate Change","authors":"Yubo Zhang, Zhengxue Zhao, Yingjian Wang, Tianlei Liu","doi":"10.18474/JES22-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-36","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cicadella viridis (L.) and Evacanthus interruptus L. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) are two of the most important leafhopper pests worldwide. Identifying habitat suitability areas of these species could be useful for their management. This study used the MaxEnt model to predict the current and future global habitat suitability areas of these species based on distribution and associated environmental data. The model showed that isothermality and the mean temperature of the driest quarter of the year were the most important environmental factors affecting the distribution of C. viridis and E. interruptus. Europe and southern China are the current primary habitat suitability areas for the two species. The high habitat suitability areas for C. viridis are also concentrated in these areas, whereas the high habitat suitability areas for E. interruptus are mainly found in western Europe. Under future climate change scenarios, the area of the two species habitat suitability areas increases, and the high habitat suitability areas for C. viridis decrease. However, the high habitat suitability areas for E. interruptus increase in 2041–2060 shared socioeconomic pathways 585 (ssp585) but decrease in 2041–2060 and 2061–2080 shared socioeconomic pathways 126 (ssp126). It is necessary to develop measures to monitor these species within habitat suitability areas, especially in high habitat suitability areas, to reduce economic losses.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42587945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This work investigated acaricidal and repellent activities of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook. f. (Rutaceae) extracts against Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae). Acaricidal activities were tested by spraying the extracts on adult females and eggs, and repellent activity was assessed in paired-choice tests with filter paper treated with the extracts by using adult female mites. Adult mortality 24 h after application of a 12% (w/v) concentration of the hexane extract was 73.3% for T. urticae and T. truncatus, whereas application of the methylene chloride extract caused 85.8% mortality of T. urticae and 85% mortality of T. truncatus. Lower concentrations (6–12%) of the methanol extract yielded low efficacy against T. urticae but exhibited high efficacy against T. truncatus (73.8–95.8%). In general, egg hatch was reduced <50% by 5 d following application of the extracts. Only the 6–12% concentration of the hexane extract caused higher levels of T. truncatus egg mortality ranging 55.4–68.7%. All extracts repelled adult mites over 64% from 5 to 72 h after exposure. However, the percentage of repellency showed no statistical differences in all treatments. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified that the major chemical compounds in the hexane extract were DL-limonene (29.75%) and sabinene (9.76%), whereas limonene (40.70%) and sabinene (16.60%) were the principal constituents of the methylene chloride extract. Our results demonstrate that Z. myriacanthum dried fruit extracts have potential for controlling T. urticae and T. truncatus and might be developed as acaricides for integrated pest management programs.
{"title":"Acaricidal and Repellent Activity of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum (Rutaceae) Fruit Extracts Against Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus truncatus (Acari: Tetranychidae)","authors":"Wipavadee Kruewong, W. Auamcharoen","doi":"10.18474/JES22-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-29","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work investigated acaricidal and repellent activities of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook. f. (Rutaceae) extracts against Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae). Acaricidal activities were tested by spraying the extracts on adult females and eggs, and repellent activity was assessed in paired-choice tests with filter paper treated with the extracts by using adult female mites. Adult mortality 24 h after application of a 12% (w/v) concentration of the hexane extract was 73.3% for T. urticae and T. truncatus, whereas application of the methylene chloride extract caused 85.8% mortality of T. urticae and 85% mortality of T. truncatus. Lower concentrations (6–12%) of the methanol extract yielded low efficacy against T. urticae but exhibited high efficacy against T. truncatus (73.8–95.8%). In general, egg hatch was reduced <50% by 5 d following application of the extracts. Only the 6–12% concentration of the hexane extract caused higher levels of T. truncatus egg mortality ranging 55.4–68.7%. All extracts repelled adult mites over 64% from 5 to 72 h after exposure. However, the percentage of repellency showed no statistical differences in all treatments. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified that the major chemical compounds in the hexane extract were DL-limonene (29.75%) and sabinene (9.76%), whereas limonene (40.70%) and sabinene (16.60%) were the principal constituents of the methylene chloride extract. Our results demonstrate that Z. myriacanthum dried fruit extracts have potential for controlling T. urticae and T. truncatus and might be developed as acaricides for integrated pest management programs.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42155876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Tejeda-Reyes, J. C. Rodríguez-Maciel, J. Díaz-Nájera, M. Vargas-Hernández, Néstor Bautista-Martínez;, S. Hernández-Hernández, Irvin Mauricio Mendoza-Espinoza, Tania Monserrat Ramírez-Fernández, Alejandro Guillermo Rojas-Rosales, Paola Vera-Barreto, Guillermo Sainos-Guzmán
Abstract In Mexico, conventional insecticides are the main tools used to manage the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in maize, Zea mays L. This scenario results in the need to continually assess the biological efficacy of insecticides used to combat this pest. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of insecticides with different modes of action in diverse locations under different levels of S. frugiperda larval infestation. The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant), resulting in decreased levels of damage to the plant whorl. When applied at infestation levels below the ET, larval numbers remained below the ET for at least 7–14 d after application. In contrast, when applied with infestation levels above the recommended ET, the performance of some insecticides in terms of effectively reducing larval density decreased. We, however, found that Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole; FMC Agroquímica de México), Clavis® (thiodicarb + triflumuron; Bayer de México), and Pleo® 50 EC (pyridalyl; Valent de México) can be used under these conditions to provide adequate protection up to 21 d after application. The information obtained in our experiments confirms the need to adjust the current ET depending on the type of compound to be used, since the insecticides used performed more efficiently and for a long time at densities lower than 2.0 larvae per 10 plants.
摘要在墨西哥，常规杀虫剂是用于管理玉米玉米中秋粘虫草地贪夜蛾（J.E.Smith）（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）的主要工具。这种情况导致需要不断评估用于对抗这种害虫的杀虫剂的生物效果。在本研究中，我们评估了不同作用模式的杀虫剂在不同地点、不同程度的草地贪夜蛾幼虫侵扰下的效果。所评估的杀虫剂将每株植物的幼虫密度降低到低于推荐经济阈值（ET）的水平，即每10株植物2.0个幼虫（0.2/株），从而降低了对植物轮生的损害程度。当以低于ET的侵扰水平施用时，幼虫数量在施用后至少7-14天内保持在低于ET的水平。相反，当虫害水平高于推荐的ET时，一些杀虫剂在有效降低幼虫密度方面的性能下降。然而，我们发现，Coragen®（氯虫腈；墨西哥FMC Agroquímica de México）、Clavis®（噻二卡+三氟脲；墨西哥拜耳）和Pleo®50 EC（吡啶醇；墨西哥Valent）可以在这些条件下使用，以在施用后21天内提供足够的保护。在我们的实验中获得的信息证实，需要根据要使用的化合物的类型来调整当前的ET，因为所使用的杀虫剂在低于每10株植物2.0个幼虫的密度下表现得更有效，并且持续时间更长。
{"title":"Efficacy of Selected Insecticides in Combination with Economic Thresholds in Managing Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Maize Grown in Mexico","authors":"M. A. Tejeda-Reyes, J. C. Rodríguez-Maciel, J. Díaz-Nájera, M. Vargas-Hernández, Néstor Bautista-Martínez;, S. Hernández-Hernández, Irvin Mauricio Mendoza-Espinoza, Tania Monserrat Ramírez-Fernández, Alejandro Guillermo Rojas-Rosales, Paola Vera-Barreto, Guillermo Sainos-Guzmán","doi":"10.18474/JES22-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-31","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Mexico, conventional insecticides are the main tools used to manage the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in maize, Zea mays L. This scenario results in the need to continually assess the biological efficacy of insecticides used to combat this pest. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of insecticides with different modes of action in diverse locations under different levels of S. frugiperda larval infestation. The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant), resulting in decreased levels of damage to the plant whorl. When applied at infestation levels below the ET, larval numbers remained below the ET for at least 7–14 d after application. In contrast, when applied with infestation levels above the recommended ET, the performance of some insecticides in terms of effectively reducing larval density decreased. We, however, found that Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole; FMC Agroquímica de México), Clavis® (thiodicarb + triflumuron; Bayer de México), and Pleo® 50 EC (pyridalyl; Valent de México) can be used under these conditions to provide adequate protection up to 21 d after application. The information obtained in our experiments confirms the need to adjust the current ET depending on the type of compound to be used, since the insecticides used performed more efficiently and for a long time at densities lower than 2.0 larvae per 10 plants.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49107524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity, with respect to elevation and the similarity of different ant communities therein, was identified in the southern portion of the Western Sichuan Plateau in China. Thirty plots were established in four elevation zones to serve as sampling areas for ants. We collected 19,235 ants in the survey. Those represented 68 species, 23 genera, and 4 subfamilies (including 13 undetermined species). The three dominant species in terms of abundance were Lasius himalayanus Bingham, Formica fusca L., and Myrmica kozlovi Ruzsky. We also found that the number of species, population density, the diversity, and dominance indices of the ant communities displayed a multidomain effect with an increase in elevation. The similarity coefficient of ant communities in each zone of elevation ([q] 0.2239–0.5217, medium similar level [occupying 17%], medium dissimilar level [occupying 50%], and dissimilar level [occupying 33%]) showed that differences in elevation and in habitat heterogeneity had a large impact on ant communities in the study area. Ant species diversity at each elevation sampled was not disturbed by human activities. The similarity coefficient of ant communities at the different zones of elevation was low. Therefore, ant species diversity was relatively high, indicating a higher conservation value in Sichuan Province.
{"title":"Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species Diversity of the Western Sichuan Plateau in China","authors":"Ting Li, Zhenghui Xu, Xinmin Zhang, Qiu-Rong Li, Chao Chen, Ningyan Guo, Xiu Han","doi":"10.18474/JES22-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-28","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity, with respect to elevation and the similarity of different ant communities therein, was identified in the southern portion of the Western Sichuan Plateau in China. Thirty plots were established in four elevation zones to serve as sampling areas for ants. We collected 19,235 ants in the survey. Those represented 68 species, 23 genera, and 4 subfamilies (including 13 undetermined species). The three dominant species in terms of abundance were Lasius himalayanus Bingham, Formica fusca L., and Myrmica kozlovi Ruzsky. We also found that the number of species, population density, the diversity, and dominance indices of the ant communities displayed a multidomain effect with an increase in elevation. The similarity coefficient of ant communities in each zone of elevation ([q] 0.2239–0.5217, medium similar level [occupying 17%], medium dissimilar level [occupying 50%], and dissimilar level [occupying 33%]) showed that differences in elevation and in habitat heterogeneity had a large impact on ant communities in the study area. Ant species diversity at each elevation sampled was not disturbed by human activities. The similarity coefficient of ant communities at the different zones of elevation was low. Therefore, ant species diversity was relatively high, indicating a higher conservation value in Sichuan Province.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47801223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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