N. Little, Blake H Elkins, Maribel Portilla, K. C. Allen, Quentin D. Read, Ryan T. Paulk
Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), is an economically important crop in the United States that is plagued by a complex of insect pests. Two key pests of cotton in the midsouthern United States are the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), and bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). A suite of highly effective synthetic insecticides is typically used for control of these pests. However, it is unclear how the combined management of these two insect pests with biological insecticides impacts the economics of cotton production. To address this shortcoming, we conducted a field experiment in the Mississippi Delta over 2 yr to study the effects of synthetic and biological insecticides for control of the tarnished plant bug and bollworm on cotton yield. The results indicated the control of tarnished plant bug with synthetic insecticides had the most significant impact on cotton yield and net returns. The conventional tarnished plant bug treatment also significantly increased bollworm density and damage, but these increases did not significantly alter yield or net return in non–Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or Bt cottons. The economic benefit of a conventional approach to tarnished plant bug control with synthetic insecticides was US$438.07/ha in non-Bt and $700.88/ha in Bt cotton relative to those treated with a biological insecticide. The biological insecticides used for this study were ineffective at significantly altering yield or net return. However, for insect management in cotton to be sustainable, alternatives must be found to complement conventional synthetic insecticides.
{"title":"Field Evaluation of Biological and Conventional Insecticides for Managing Multiple Insect Pests in Cotton1","authors":"N. Little, Blake H Elkins, Maribel Portilla, K. C. Allen, Quentin D. Read, Ryan T. Paulk","doi":"10.18474/jes23-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-37","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), is an economically important crop in the United States that is plagued by a complex of insect pests. Two key pests of cotton in the midsouthern United States are the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), and bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). A suite of highly effective synthetic insecticides is typically used for control of these pests. However, it is unclear how the combined management of these two insect pests with biological insecticides impacts the economics of cotton production. To address this shortcoming, we conducted a field experiment in the Mississippi Delta over 2 yr to study the effects of synthetic and biological insecticides for control of the tarnished plant bug and bollworm on cotton yield. The results indicated the control of tarnished plant bug with synthetic insecticides had the most significant impact on cotton yield and net returns. The conventional tarnished plant bug treatment also significantly increased bollworm density and damage, but these increases did not significantly alter yield or net return in non–Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or Bt cottons. The economic benefit of a conventional approach to tarnished plant bug control with synthetic insecticides was US$438.07/ha in non-Bt and $700.88/ha in Bt cotton relative to those treated with a biological insecticide. The biological insecticides used for this study were ineffective at significantly altering yield or net return. However, for insect management in cotton to be sustainable, alternatives must be found to complement conventional synthetic insecticides.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"62 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accurate identification and classification of insect species, especially those with significant economic and ecological implications, have historically presented challenges. Migratory locusts, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), are notorious for their destructive impact on crops. Traditional morphological methods often face limitations in distinguishing closely related species and require taxonomic expertise. However, the emergence of DNA barcoding as a powerful tool for species identification has revolutionized the field of entomology. DNA barcoding utilizes a standardized DNA sequence, a molecular barcode, which serves as a distinct genetic signature for rapid and accurate species identification. In this study, DNA barcoding techniques were employed to identify and differentiate the migratory locust subspecies manilensis, in both its solitary and gregarious forms, as well as to determine its phylogenetic relationship with other related species within the Acrididae family. GenBank reference sequences were used to identify the locusts at the molecular subspecies level. Although the COI marker did not exhibit significant differences between the solitary and migratory forms, it was valuable in resolving the identification of L. migratoria subspecies. This lack of significant differences may be attributed to limited genetic variation of COI at the subspecies level and substantial genetic similarities between the solitary and migratory forms, likely stemming from a recent common ancestor. Nonetheless, using COI remains beneficial for subspecies identification in migratory locusts.
昆虫物种的准确识别和分类，尤其是对经济和生态有重大影响的昆虫物种的准确识别和分类，历来是一项挑战。迁飞蝗虫 Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) （直翅目：蝼蛄科）因其对农作物的破坏性影响而臭名昭著。传统的形态学方法在区分近缘物种时往往受到限制，而且需要专业的分类知识。然而，DNA 条形码作为一种强大的物种鉴定工具的出现彻底改变了昆虫学领域。DNA 条形码利用标准化的 DNA 序列（即分子条形码）作为独特的遗传特征，用于快速准确地鉴定物种。本研究利用 DNA 条形码技术鉴定和区分迁徙蝗虫亚种 manilensis 的单生和群生形态，并确定其与刺蝗科其他相关物种的系统发育关系。研究人员利用 GenBank 参考序列对蝗虫进行分子亚种鉴定。虽然COI标记在独居型和迁徙型蝗虫之间没有表现出显著差异，但它在确定迁徙型蝗虫亚种方面很有价值。这种差异不明显的原因可能是 COI 在亚种水平上的遗传变异有限，而独居型和迁徙型之间的遗传相似性很大，很可能源于最近的共同祖先。尽管如此，使用 COI 仍然有利于迁徙蝗虫的亚种鉴定。
{"title":"DNA Barcoding of Locusta migratoria manilensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Reveals Insights into the Species and Subspecies Differentiation1","authors":"Michelle S. Guerrero, B. Cayabyab","doi":"10.18474/jes23-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-36","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Accurate identification and classification of insect species, especially those with significant economic and ecological implications, have historically presented challenges. Migratory locusts, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), are notorious for their destructive impact on crops. Traditional morphological methods often face limitations in distinguishing closely related species and require taxonomic expertise. However, the emergence of DNA barcoding as a powerful tool for species identification has revolutionized the field of entomology. DNA barcoding utilizes a standardized DNA sequence, a molecular barcode, which serves as a distinct genetic signature for rapid and accurate species identification. In this study, DNA barcoding techniques were employed to identify and differentiate the migratory locust subspecies manilensis, in both its solitary and gregarious forms, as well as to determine its phylogenetic relationship with other related species within the Acrididae family. GenBank reference sequences were used to identify the locusts at the molecular subspecies level. Although the COI marker did not exhibit significant differences between the solitary and migratory forms, it was valuable in resolving the identification of L. migratoria subspecies. This lack of significant differences may be attributed to limited genetic variation of COI at the subspecies level and substantial genetic similarities between the solitary and migratory forms, likely stemming from a recent common ancestor. Nonetheless, using COI remains beneficial for subspecies identification in migratory locusts.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"49 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the repellent property of ‘Bhut Jolokia’ chilli pepper, a Capsicum chinense Jacquin cultivar, against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in stored wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in laboratory assays using a modified cup bioassay apparatus. Contact and fumigation repellency assays were conducted with the Bhut Jolokia chilli dry powder at concentrations of 3 and 5% (w/w) of the total weight of grain and the Bhut Jolokia chilli ethanol extract at volumes of 3 and 5 ml. In the contact repellency test, the number (mean ± SE) of test insects repelled (7.90 ± 0.23) increased with increasing concentration (5%) and time interval (24 h), whereas in the fumigation repellency test, the mean number of repelled insects increased (8.2 ± 0.2) with increasing volume (5 ml) and decreased (3.80 ± 0.13) with increasing time interval (60 min). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified that the active compounds present in the Bhut Jolokia chilli ethanol extract were the capsaicinoids capsaicin (21.50%) and dihydrocapsaicin (4.44%) and the noncapsaicinoids n-hexadecanoic acid (29.34%), n-pentadecylacetamide (12.92%), and others. Our findings provide a preliminary assessment of the repellent property of Bhut Jolokia chilli against S. oryzae in stored wheat under laboratory conditions and serve as an impetus for continued research.
{"title":"Laboratory Study of Repellent Property of Bhut Jolokia Chilli against Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Stored Wheat1","authors":"V. Rakesh, P. Patgiri, A. Borah","doi":"10.18474/jes23-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-29","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigated the repellent property of ‘Bhut Jolokia’ chilli pepper, a Capsicum chinense Jacquin cultivar, against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in stored wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in laboratory assays using a modified cup bioassay apparatus. Contact and fumigation repellency assays were conducted with the Bhut Jolokia chilli dry powder at concentrations of 3 and 5% (w/w) of the total weight of grain and the Bhut Jolokia chilli ethanol extract at volumes of 3 and 5 ml. In the contact repellency test, the number (mean ± SE) of test insects repelled (7.90 ± 0.23) increased with increasing concentration (5%) and time interval (24 h), whereas in the fumigation repellency test, the mean number of repelled insects increased (8.2 ± 0.2) with increasing volume (5 ml) and decreased (3.80 ± 0.13) with increasing time interval (60 min). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified that the active compounds present in the Bhut Jolokia chilli ethanol extract were the capsaicinoids capsaicin (21.50%) and dihydrocapsaicin (4.44%) and the noncapsaicinoids n-hexadecanoic acid (29.34%), n-pentadecylacetamide (12.92%), and others. Our findings provide a preliminary assessment of the repellent property of Bhut Jolokia chilli against S. oryzae in stored wheat under laboratory conditions and serve as an impetus for continued research.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"40 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Nandhini, Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh, K. M. Satish, C. Kalleshwaraswamy, H. G. Sannathimmappa
In India, the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has emerged as the most devastating pest of maize, Zea mays L., and is expanding its host range. In this study, we assessed its preference for feeding and oviposition in both choice and nonchoice bioassays including maize, sorghum, castor, cowpea, cotton, banana, and marigold as hosts. At 24 h after release in choice tests, the number of larvae was greatest on maize ears and lowest on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves among the host plants tested. In nonchoice tests, third-instar larvae that fed on maize leaves and ears had the shortest growth periods (2.05 and 2.2 d, respectively) and the longest on marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) flowers (5.2 d). In oviposition preference tests, maize was the most preferred host, with the greatest number of egg masses deposited in choice and nonchoice tests compared with other hosts. Thus, maize was the most preferred host for fall armyworm in our tests, but fall armyworm may also survive on plants other than maize during the nongrowing season, posing a risk to other economically important crops in its expanded range in India.
{"title":"Host Plant Feeding and Ovipositional Preferences of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Laboratory Conditions1","authors":"D. Nandhini, Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh, K. M. Satish, C. Kalleshwaraswamy, H. G. Sannathimmappa","doi":"10.18474/jes23-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-20","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In India, the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has emerged as the most devastating pest of maize, Zea mays L., and is expanding its host range. In this study, we assessed its preference for feeding and oviposition in both choice and nonchoice bioassays including maize, sorghum, castor, cowpea, cotton, banana, and marigold as hosts. At 24 h after release in choice tests, the number of larvae was greatest on maize ears and lowest on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves among the host plants tested. In nonchoice tests, third-instar larvae that fed on maize leaves and ears had the shortest growth periods (2.05 and 2.2 d, respectively) and the longest on marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) flowers (5.2 d). In oviposition preference tests, maize was the most preferred host, with the greatest number of egg masses deposited in choice and nonchoice tests compared with other hosts. Thus, maize was the most preferred host for fall armyworm in our tests, but fall armyworm may also survive on plants other than maize during the nongrowing season, posing a risk to other economically important crops in its expanded range in India.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Pecan Leafroll Mite (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Pecan Foliage1","authors":"Cristina Pisani, Ted E. Cottrell","doi":"10.18474/jes23-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-69","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"94 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jermaine D. Perier, P. S. Cremonez, Hugh A. Smith, Alvin M. Simmons, David G. Riley
Imidacloprid has been one of the most widely used insecticides for managing the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the United States since the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency first registered it in 1994. A major whitefly control failure occurred in the state of Georgia in 2017 when B. tabaci–induced economic losses in horticultural and field crops surpassed approximately US$160 million. Vegetable growers have historically used imidacloprid for whitefly management, which likely led to the insecticide control failures of whiteflies in spring vegetables. Despite this, only a single site documentation of imidacloprid resistance in adults from 2007 in Georgia exists, making the current status unknown. Thus, it is likely that Georgia has an ongoing risk of imidacloprid-resistant B. tabaci infestations. No multicounty, extensive survey for imidacloprid dose response in whitefly exists for the state of Georgia. Therefore, an adult mortality bioassay of a range of imidacloprid concentrations was used to evaluate B. tabaci populations from several counties in South Georgia, where most of these economic losses occurred. This included a maximum dose concentration representing the current highest labeled rate. Dose response to the insecticide was not uniform across locations, with whiteflies in several areas displaying unexpected susceptibility to imidacloprid. Median lethal concentrations (LC50s) ranging from 0.02 to 196.05 mg of active ingredient per liter in Georgia whitefly populations were substantially lower than the reference Florida whitefly population. This baseline information for the state is critical to future evaluations of this insecticide in resistance management programs.
{"title":"Susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Adult Populations to Imidacloprid in Georgia, USA1","authors":"Jermaine D. Perier, P. S. Cremonez, Hugh A. Smith, Alvin M. Simmons, David G. Riley","doi":"10.18474/jes23-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-41","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Imidacloprid has been one of the most widely used insecticides for managing the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the United States since the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency first registered it in 1994. A major whitefly control failure occurred in the state of Georgia in 2017 when B. tabaci–induced economic losses in horticultural and field crops surpassed approximately US$160 million. Vegetable growers have historically used imidacloprid for whitefly management, which likely led to the insecticide control failures of whiteflies in spring vegetables. Despite this, only a single site documentation of imidacloprid resistance in adults from 2007 in Georgia exists, making the current status unknown. Thus, it is likely that Georgia has an ongoing risk of imidacloprid-resistant B. tabaci infestations. No multicounty, extensive survey for imidacloprid dose response in whitefly exists for the state of Georgia. Therefore, an adult mortality bioassay of a range of imidacloprid concentrations was used to evaluate B. tabaci populations from several counties in South Georgia, where most of these economic losses occurred. This included a maximum dose concentration representing the current highest labeled rate. Dose response to the insecticide was not uniform across locations, with whiteflies in several areas displaying unexpected susceptibility to imidacloprid. Median lethal concentrations (LC50s) ranging from 0.02 to 196.05 mg of active ingredient per liter in Georgia whitefly populations were substantially lower than the reference Florida whitefly population. This baseline information for the state is critical to future evaluations of this insecticide in resistance management programs.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"76 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin Liu, Bing Sun, BAO-JIE Chi, Yun Liu, Peng Chen, Da-Peng Zhang, Yongjie Liu
As a modern orchard management tool, vegetative ground cover can increase biodiversity, enhance the effect of natural enemies, and reduce the amounts of chemical agents used to control pests. This study aimed to investigate the temporal niche relationship between pests and natural enemies in peach orchards (1) planted with flowering plants as a ground cover or (2) with naturally occurring vegetative ground cover or (3) plowed, with the objective of clarifying the conservation effect of peach orchard ground cover on different natural enemies. The results showed that the niche width value of natural enemies in peach orchards planted with the flowering plants was the highest, followed by natural vegetation peach orchards. The ladybird beetle (Coccinellidae) ecological niche width values were the highest in the natural enemy communities of the two types of peach orchards. These results demonstrate that vegetative ground cover in peach orchards can effectively harbor natural enemies and that coccinellids are highly adapted for the ecological environment of the peach orchard.
{"title":"Niche Study of Major Pests and Natural Enemies in Peach Orchards with Different Vegetative Ground Covers1","authors":"Jin Liu, Bing Sun, BAO-JIE Chi, Yun Liu, Peng Chen, Da-Peng Zhang, Yongjie Liu","doi":"10.18474/jes23-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-12","url":null,"abstract":"As a modern orchard management tool, vegetative ground cover can increase biodiversity, enhance the effect of natural enemies, and reduce the amounts of chemical agents used to control pests. This study aimed to investigate the temporal niche relationship between pests and natural enemies in peach orchards (1) planted with flowering plants as a ground cover or (2) with naturally occurring vegetative ground cover or (3) plowed, with the objective of clarifying the conservation effect of peach orchard ground cover on different natural enemies. The results showed that the niche width value of natural enemies in peach orchards planted with the flowering plants was the highest, followed by natural vegetation peach orchards. The ladybird beetle (Coccinellidae) ecological niche width values were the highest in the natural enemy communities of the two types of peach orchards. These results demonstrate that vegetative ground cover in peach orchards can effectively harbor natural enemies and that coccinellids are highly adapted for the ecological environment of the peach orchard.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"25 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Tian, Runa Zhao, Wei Zhou, Chun Yu, Lin Jiang, Xue‐xue Wu, Wenlong Chen
Local fruit orchards have incurred heavy losses due to invasive insects, including the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Guizhou Province, China. In our efforts to manage this invasive pest, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the response of adult B. dorsalis to an extract of Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob (Gunneridae: Asteraceae). We evaluated the contact toxicity and oviposition-deterrent activity of the extract on adult B. dorsalis, as well as the sublethal effects on survival and reproduction. We found that the A. adenophora extract has significant insecticidal activity, with the 24-h median lethal concentration (LC50) for adults being 26.014 mg/ml. The extract of A. adenophora also showed oviposition inhibition. A residual deterrent effect (28.16%) was evident up to 5 d after treatment. Exposure to the LC25 concentration of the A. adenophora extract caused significant differences in preoviposition and fecundity, decreased adult longevity in the F0 generation, and decreased egg and pupa survival in the F1 generation. The levels of carboxylesterase enzyme activity in adults treated with the extract were significantly lower than those in the untreated controls at 12 h and 24 h. This latter phenomenon could perhaps be an adaptive response to the extract that might reduce its toxic effects in B. dorsalis.
在中国贵州省，当地果园因包括东方果蝇 Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) （双翅目：Tephritidae）在内的入侵昆虫而损失惨重。为了控制这种入侵害虫，我们进行了一项实验室研究，以评估东方果蝇成虫对 Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob（菊科）提取物的反应。我们评估了萃取物的接触毒性和对成虫的产卵阻遏活性，以及对成虫存活和繁殖的亚致死影响。我们发现，A. adenophora 提取物具有显著的杀虫活性，对成虫的 24 小时中位致死浓度（LC50）为 26.014 mg/ml。A. adenophora 提取物还具有产卵抑制作用。处理后 5 d 内仍有明显的残留阻遏作用（28.16%）。暴露于 LC25 浓度的腺角蛙提取物中会导致产卵前和受精率的显著差异、F0 代成虫寿命的降低以及 F1 代卵和蛹存活率的降低。经提取物处理的成虫在 12 h 和 24 h 的羧酯酶活性水平明显低于未处理的对照组。
{"title":"Bioactivity and Sublethal Effects of Ageratina adenophora (Asteraceae) on Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)1","authors":"Hui Tian, Runa Zhao, Wei Zhou, Chun Yu, Lin Jiang, Xue‐xue Wu, Wenlong Chen","doi":"10.18474/jes23-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-02","url":null,"abstract":"Local fruit orchards have incurred heavy losses due to invasive insects, including the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Guizhou Province, China. In our efforts to manage this invasive pest, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the response of adult B. dorsalis to an extract of Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob (Gunneridae: Asteraceae). We evaluated the contact toxicity and oviposition-deterrent activity of the extract on adult B. dorsalis, as well as the sublethal effects on survival and reproduction. We found that the A. adenophora extract has significant insecticidal activity, with the 24-h median lethal concentration (LC50) for adults being 26.014 mg/ml. The extract of A. adenophora also showed oviposition inhibition. A residual deterrent effect (28.16%) was evident up to 5 d after treatment. Exposure to the LC25 concentration of the A. adenophora extract caused significant differences in preoviposition and fecundity, decreased adult longevity in the F0 generation, and decreased egg and pupa survival in the F1 generation. The levels of carboxylesterase enzyme activity in adults treated with the extract were significantly lower than those in the untreated controls at 12 h and 24 h. This latter phenomenon could perhaps be an adaptive response to the extract that might reduce its toxic effects in B. dorsalis.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, has been commercialized in China since 2008 for controlling several lepidopterans, including rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Chemical control of this pest has become difficult because of its development of resistance to many conventional insecticides. To facilitate chlorantraniliprole resistance monitoring, seedling dip bioassays were conducted in 2013 and 2020 to assess the resistance of 5 field populations of C. suppressalis from Hunan provinces in China. The median lethal toxicity (LC50) of chlorantraniliprole against 3rd–4th instar larvae of field populations ranged from 14.799 to 103.587 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/L. The resistance of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole is increasingly serious in most of the regions in Hunan. The levels of resistance of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole ranged from 11.1-fold to 74.4-fold compared with a susceptible population, respectively. During the 8 years, the resistance level of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole at five monitoring points showed a fluctuating upward trend. The resistance of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole in Hengyang is highest in every year. These data are useful in future monitoring program for detecting any changes in resistance as a result of use of the insecticide.
{"title":"Resistance Monitoring of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to Chlorantraniliprole in Five Field Populations from Hunan China 2013–20201","authors":"Mingyong Ma, Shengwei Wu, Zhaopu Peng, Kailong Li","doi":"10.18474/jes23-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-18","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, has been commercialized in China since 2008 for controlling several lepidopterans, including rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Chemical control of this pest has become difficult because of its development of resistance to many conventional insecticides. To facilitate chlorantraniliprole resistance monitoring, seedling dip bioassays were conducted in 2013 and 2020 to assess the resistance of 5 field populations of C. suppressalis from Hunan provinces in China. The median lethal toxicity (LC50) of chlorantraniliprole against 3rd–4th instar larvae of field populations ranged from 14.799 to 103.587 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/L. The resistance of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole is increasingly serious in most of the regions in Hunan. The levels of resistance of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole ranged from 11.1-fold to 74.4-fold compared with a susceptible population, respectively. During the 8 years, the resistance level of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole at five monitoring points showed a fluctuating upward trend. The resistance of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole in Hengyang is highest in every year. These data are useful in future monitoring program for detecting any changes in resistance as a result of use of the insecticide.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. D. R. Moreno-Ramírez, M. Rocandio-Rodríguez, Rafael Delgado-Martínez, Efraín Neri-Ramírez, Ma. Teresa de Jesús Segura-Martínez, J. C. Chacón-Hernández
{"title":"New Record of Tetranychus merganser (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Eustoma grandiflorum (Gentianales: Gentianaceae) in Northeastern Mexico1","authors":"Y. D. R. Moreno-Ramírez, M. Rocandio-Rodríguez, Rafael Delgado-Martínez, Efraín Neri-Ramírez, Ma. Teresa de Jesús Segura-Martínez, J. C. Chacón-Hernández","doi":"10.18474/jes23-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-48","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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