Xiao-Jin Gao, Li Guo, Na Jiang, Yu Qi, Qin-Yao Jin, Shou-An Xie, Shu-Jie Iv
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play an important role in specific recognition, binding, and transportation of odorants. In this study, the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence of AzanOBP7, a Minus-C OBP gene, from Agrilus zanthoxylumi Li Ming Lou (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends based on transcriptome data. The bioinformatic analysis showed that AzanOBP7 contains a 450-bp open reading frame encoding a 149-residue polypeptide, with a molecular mass of 17.176 kDa. It was predicted to be a nontransmembrane protein with an 18–amino acid signal peptide at the N terminus. The predicted three-dimensional structure of AzanOBP7 by AphadFold2 possesses seven α helices and two disulfide bridges. The multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree revealed that AzanOBP7 reached the highest identity (94.70%) with Agrilus mali Matsumura (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) AmalOBP11; they also were closely aligned in a clade. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that AzanOBP7 exhibited the highest expression level in the abdomen of adult females. In the thorax, the expression level in adult males was significantly higher than that in other aged males (P < 0.01). Our study offers a theoretical foundation for further study on the functional characteristics of A. zanthoxylumi OBPs.
气味结合蛋白(OBPs)在气味的特异性识别、结合和运输中起着重要作用。本研究基于转录组数据，利用cDNA末端快速扩增的方法，克隆了花椒草(Agrilus zanthoxylumi Li Ming Lou) - c OBP基因AzanOBP7的全长互补DNA (cDNA)序列。生物信息学分析表明，AzanOBP7含有一个450-bp的开放阅读框，编码149个残基多肽，分子量为17.176 kDa。预测它是一个非跨膜蛋白，在N端有一个18个氨基酸的信号肽。AphadFold2预测AzanOBP7的三维结构具有7个α螺旋和2个二硫桥。多序列比对和系统进化树分析表明，AzanOBP7与松村Agrilus marsumura(鞘翅目:布氏目)AmalOBP11的同源性最高(94.70%);它们也紧密地排列在一个分支中。实时定量聚合酶链反应显示AzanOBP7在成年雌性腹部的表达量最高。在胸腔中，成年男性的表达量显著高于其他年龄男性(P < 0.01)。本研究为进一步研究花椒麻OBPs的功能特征提供了理论基础。
{"title":"Cloning and Expression Analysis of AzanOBP7, a Minus-C Odorant-Binding Protein Gene, from Agrilus zanthoxylumi (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)1","authors":"Xiao-Jin Gao, Li Guo, Na Jiang, Yu Qi, Qin-Yao Jin, Shou-An Xie, Shu-Jie Iv","doi":"10.18474/jes22-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes22-68","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play an important role in specific recognition, binding, and transportation of odorants. In this study, the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence of AzanOBP7, a Minus-C OBP gene, from Agrilus zanthoxylumi Li Ming Lou (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends based on transcriptome data. The bioinformatic analysis showed that AzanOBP7 contains a 450-bp open reading frame encoding a 149-residue polypeptide, with a molecular mass of 17.176 kDa. It was predicted to be a nontransmembrane protein with an 18–amino acid signal peptide at the N terminus. The predicted three-dimensional structure of AzanOBP7 by AphadFold2 possesses seven α helices and two disulfide bridges. The multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree revealed that AzanOBP7 reached the highest identity (94.70%) with Agrilus mali Matsumura (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) AmalOBP11; they also were closely aligned in a clade. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that AzanOBP7 exhibited the highest expression level in the abdomen of adult females. In the thorax, the expression level in adult males was significantly higher than that in other aged males (P < 0.01). Our study offers a theoretical foundation for further study on the functional characteristics of A. zanthoxylumi OBPs.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47397789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jermaine D. Perier, A. Lagalante, Elizabeth P. McCarty, Alvin M. Simmons, David G. Riley
Plant tissue bioassays are a standard approach for bioassaying insects such as the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), an insect that specializes in systemic feeding on the phloem in leaves by using a piercing-sucking mouthpart apparatus. Systemic insecticides remain the most effective approach to whitefly management; however, little work has been done to quantify the amount of insecticide active ingredient that a species is exposed to when feeding. This study was conducted to estimate the imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole concentrations present in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves 24 h after a root drench for systemic toxicological bioassays. Insecticide active-ingredient quantification involved liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Comparable concentration responses also were conducted to indicate the mortality of the sweetpotato whitefly at the tested concentrations. The results indicated significant active-ingredient retention with higher concentrations of insecticide treatments, which corresponded with higher sweetpotato whitefly mortality. Specifically, for imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole, the average slopes and intercepts of the log parts per billion of leaf tissue concentration to milligrams of active ingredient per liter of treatment solution were y = 4.08 x + 0.83 and y = 6.22 x + 0.47, respectively. These formulae estimate leaf tissue concentrations that can be linked to insect insecticide exposure in the leaves, with 50–73% of the overall variability explained. Significant correlations also were observed between the root drench concentrations, leaf tissue concentrations, and sweetpotato whitefly mortality.
植物组织生物测定是生物测定昆虫的标准方法，如甘薯粉虱，烟粉虱(Gennadius)(半翅目:烟粉虱科)，一种专门利用刺穿-吸吮口器系统捕食叶子韧皮部的昆虫。系统杀虫剂仍然是管理粉虱最有效的方法;然而，对一个物种在进食时暴露于杀虫剂活性成分的量进行量化的工作很少。本研究测定了棉花根淋后24小时叶片中吡虫啉和氰虫腈的浓度，并进行了系统毒理学生物测定。杀虫剂有效成分的定量包括液相色谱-串联质谱法。还进行了比较浓度响应，以表明甘薯粉虱在测试浓度下的死亡率。结果表明，杀虫剂浓度越高，有效成分保留率越高，甘薯粉虱死亡率越高。具体而言，对于吡虫啉和氰虫腈，每升处理液中叶组织浓度对有效成分毫克数的对数的斜率和截距分别为y = 4.08 x + 0.83和y = 6.22 x + 0.47。这些公式估计叶片组织浓度可能与叶片中杀虫剂暴露有关，解释了总体变异的50-73%。根水浓度、叶组织浓度与甘薯粉虱死亡率之间也存在显著相关。
{"title":"Uptake and Retention of Imidacloprid and Cyantraniliprole in Cotton for the Control of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)1","authors":"Jermaine D. Perier, A. Lagalante, Elizabeth P. McCarty, Alvin M. Simmons, David G. Riley","doi":"10.18474/jes22-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes22-77","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Plant tissue bioassays are a standard approach for bioassaying insects such as the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), an insect that specializes in systemic feeding on the phloem in leaves by using a piercing-sucking mouthpart apparatus. Systemic insecticides remain the most effective approach to whitefly management; however, little work has been done to quantify the amount of insecticide active ingredient that a species is exposed to when feeding. This study was conducted to estimate the imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole concentrations present in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves 24 h after a root drench for systemic toxicological bioassays. Insecticide active-ingredient quantification involved liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Comparable concentration responses also were conducted to indicate the mortality of the sweetpotato whitefly at the tested concentrations. The results indicated significant active-ingredient retention with higher concentrations of insecticide treatments, which corresponded with higher sweetpotato whitefly mortality. Specifically, for imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole, the average slopes and intercepts of the log parts per billion of leaf tissue concentration to milligrams of active ingredient per liter of treatment solution were y = 4.08 x + 0.83 and y = 6.22 x + 0.47, respectively. These formulae estimate leaf tissue concentrations that can be linked to insect insecticide exposure in the leaves, with 50–73% of the overall variability explained. Significant correlations also were observed between the root drench concentrations, leaf tissue concentrations, and sweetpotato whitefly mortality.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44776400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel López-Lima, M. A. Tejeda-Reyes, Rafael Diego Rodríguez-Málaga, Everardo López-Bautista, A. Salinas-Castro, C. Illescas-Riquelme
Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an insect of Asian origin and is currently distributed in several countries around the world. It has highly polyphagous habits and has been reported as a primary pest of different fruit, horticultural, and ornamental crops. This species was reported in Mexico in 2020, however, due to its invasive nature and its rapid adaptation to new ecosystems, it is probably present in other regions of the country. The lack of information on this pest has resulted in misidentifications and misdiagnosis at the field level by phytosanitary technicians. In the present work, we found that S. dorsalis is distributed in the states of Veracruz, Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Michoacán in Mexico occupying sites with different climates (warm and temperate) and elevations from 6 to 1,721 m above sea level. Plant reproductive hosts were blackberry (Rubus sp.), blueberry (Vaccinium sp.), Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka), mango (Mangifera indica L.), and pear (Pyrus communis L.). Through an evaluation of the response of adults toward chromatic traps, we found that this species greatly prefers yellow (×5.40) compared with blue color. More studies are needed on detection and control measures in order to reduce the distribution and economic impact caused by this insect pest in Mexico.
{"title":"New Hosts, Distribution, and Color Trap Preferences of the Invasive Thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Mexico1","authors":"Daniel López-Lima, M. A. Tejeda-Reyes, Rafael Diego Rodríguez-Málaga, Everardo López-Bautista, A. Salinas-Castro, C. Illescas-Riquelme","doi":"10.18474/jes23-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-11","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an insect of Asian origin and is currently distributed in several countries around the world. It has highly polyphagous habits and has been reported as a primary pest of different fruit, horticultural, and ornamental crops. This species was reported in Mexico in 2020, however, due to its invasive nature and its rapid adaptation to new ecosystems, it is probably present in other regions of the country. The lack of information on this pest has resulted in misidentifications and misdiagnosis at the field level by phytosanitary technicians. In the present work, we found that S. dorsalis is distributed in the states of Veracruz, Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Michoacán in Mexico occupying sites with different climates (warm and temperate) and elevations from 6 to 1,721 m above sea level. Plant reproductive hosts were blackberry (Rubus sp.), blueberry (Vaccinium sp.), Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka), mango (Mangifera indica L.), and pear (Pyrus communis L.). Through an evaluation of the response of adults toward chromatic traps, we found that this species greatly prefers yellow (×5.40) compared with blue color. More studies are needed on detection and control measures in order to reduce the distribution and economic impact caused by this insect pest in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44920985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contact toxicity activity of an essential oil extracted from Acorus calamus (L.) (Acoraceae) was evaluated against the phytophagous spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus macfarlanei Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) and the predatory mite Amblyseius longispinosus (Evans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Adult mortality 24 h following application of 5% (v/v) concentration of the essential oil exceeded 90% for T. urticae and T. macfarlanei. Application of 1.2–5% concentrations of the essential oil to mite eggs reduced egg viability, with 0–54% hatch of T. urticae eggs and 0% hatch of T. macfarlanei eggs 6 d following treatment. At 2.5%, the essential oil was toxic to A. longipinosus by residual contact toxicity (58% mortality) and direct contact toxicity (0% mortality). No eggs and 47.6 eggs of A. longispinosus were oviposited with residual contact toxicity and direct contact toxicity, respectively. The chemical constituents of the essential oil, as determined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, showed that camphor (41.07%) and 5,5-dimethyl-2-ethynylcyclopent-2-en-1-ol (27.96%) were the major chemical compounds of the essential oil. These results indicate that this essential oil extracted from fresh A. calamus rhizomes could prove useful in controlling T. urticae and T. macfarlanei. Our findings also showed that the essential oil had no deleterious effects against A. longispinosus by direct contact toxicity test; however, A. longispinosus consuming spider mite eggs treated with essential oil were negatively impacted.
{"title":"Contact Toxicity of an Essential Oil from Acorus calamus (Acoraceae) Rhizomes against Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus macfarlanei (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Amblyseius longispinosus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)1","authors":"W. Auamcharoen, K. Janlaor","doi":"10.18474/jes22-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes22-66","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The contact toxicity activity of an essential oil extracted from Acorus calamus (L.) (Acoraceae) was evaluated against the phytophagous spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus macfarlanei Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) and the predatory mite Amblyseius longispinosus (Evans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Adult mortality 24 h following application of 5% (v/v) concentration of the essential oil exceeded 90% for T. urticae and T. macfarlanei. Application of 1.2–5% concentrations of the essential oil to mite eggs reduced egg viability, with 0–54% hatch of T. urticae eggs and 0% hatch of T. macfarlanei eggs 6 d following treatment. At 2.5%, the essential oil was toxic to A. longipinosus by residual contact toxicity (58% mortality) and direct contact toxicity (0% mortality). No eggs and 47.6 eggs of A. longispinosus were oviposited with residual contact toxicity and direct contact toxicity, respectively. The chemical constituents of the essential oil, as determined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, showed that camphor (41.07%) and 5,5-dimethyl-2-ethynylcyclopent-2-en-1-ol (27.96%) were the major chemical compounds of the essential oil. These results indicate that this essential oil extracted from fresh A. calamus rhizomes could prove useful in controlling T. urticae and T. macfarlanei. Our findings also showed that the essential oil had no deleterious effects against A. longispinosus by direct contact toxicity test; however, A. longispinosus consuming spider mite eggs treated with essential oil were negatively impacted.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49013620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gunalan Chandrasekaran, Jeyarani Subramanian, M. Marimuthu, Mohankumar Subbarayalu, Haripriya Shanmugam
Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., in Tamil Nadu, India, was invaded by four whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) species between 2016 and 2019, increasing the total to six, along with Aleurodicus dispersus Russell and Aleurocanthus arecae David and Manjunatha. We examined the complexity and diversity of whiteflies in coconut across different agroclimatic zones of Tamil Nadu and found high and low damage levels by whiteflies at Veppankulam (70.4%) and Rameswaram (11.0%), respectively. The rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin, was the most dominant species but was effectively managed by the parasitoids Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani and E. dispersa Polaszek, with the highest rate parasitism of 83.8% at Aliyar Nagar and the lowest (2.9%) in the Kanchipuram district. Aleurodicus rugioperculatus and Bondar’s nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi, have spread throughout Tamil Nadu. The population of A. rugioperculaus was high at Veppankulam and that of P. bondari was higher at Dharmapuri (28.6 and 31.1 adults/leaflet, respectively). All five invasive whitefly species in coconut were found only in 7 of 34 locations—Coimbatore, Sirumugai, Salem, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Vellore, and Erode. Paraleyrodes minei Iaccarino and Aleurotrachelus atratus Hempel were distributed in the northwestern zone adjoining the western ghats of Tamil Nadu. Coconut plantations at Sirumugai (western ghats) supported the most diverse collection of whiteflies, with 0.61 and 1.09 Simpson and Shannon diversity indices. Among the 29 districts, adjoining Dindigul and Theni districts showed the highest Bray–Curtis Similarity Matrix. Butterfly palm, Dypsis lutescens H. Wendel, custard apple, Annona squamosa L., and guava, Psidium guajava L., are whitefly hosts in coconut landscapes.
{"title":"Invasive Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Complex and Diversity in Coconut Landscapes in Tamil Nadu1","authors":"Gunalan Chandrasekaran, Jeyarani Subramanian, M. Marimuthu, Mohankumar Subbarayalu, Haripriya Shanmugam","doi":"10.18474/jes23-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-17","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., in Tamil Nadu, India, was invaded by four whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) species between 2016 and 2019, increasing the total to six, along with Aleurodicus dispersus Russell and Aleurocanthus arecae David and Manjunatha. We examined the complexity and diversity of whiteflies in coconut across different agroclimatic zones of Tamil Nadu and found high and low damage levels by whiteflies at Veppankulam (70.4%) and Rameswaram (11.0%), respectively. The rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin, was the most dominant species but was effectively managed by the parasitoids Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani and E. dispersa Polaszek, with the highest rate parasitism of 83.8% at Aliyar Nagar and the lowest (2.9%) in the Kanchipuram district. Aleurodicus rugioperculatus and Bondar’s nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi, have spread throughout Tamil Nadu. The population of A. rugioperculaus was high at Veppankulam and that of P. bondari was higher at Dharmapuri (28.6 and 31.1 adults/leaflet, respectively). All five invasive whitefly species in coconut were found only in 7 of 34 locations—Coimbatore, Sirumugai, Salem, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Vellore, and Erode. Paraleyrodes minei Iaccarino and Aleurotrachelus atratus Hempel were distributed in the northwestern zone adjoining the western ghats of Tamil Nadu. Coconut plantations at Sirumugai (western ghats) supported the most diverse collection of whiteflies, with 0.61 and 1.09 Simpson and Shannon diversity indices. Among the 29 districts, adjoining Dindigul and Theni districts showed the highest Bray–Curtis Similarity Matrix. Butterfly palm, Dypsis lutescens H. Wendel, custard apple, Annona squamosa L., and guava, Psidium guajava L., are whitefly hosts in coconut landscapes.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44577873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. V. Joseph, Angelita L. Acebes-Doria, Brett Blaauw
The ambrosia beetles, mainly Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), are serious pests of young trees in the ornamental industry and pecan orchards as infested trees develop branch dieback with occasional tree mortality. Surveys were conducted in the ornamental industry in 2020 and 2021 and the pecan industry in 2020 because clientele perspective on the extent of damage, phenology, monitoring, management, and loss related to the ambrosia beetle was unclear. Of 35 and 40 ornamental industry respondents, 68% and 82% indicated problems with this pest in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Of 66 pecan industry respondents, 52% reported beetle problems in 2020. About 85% of ornamental and 58% of pecan respondents indicated that 1–10 trees were attacked by ambrosia beetles and 1–30 or more trees were culled annually. The beetle problem persists throughout the growing season but appears greater during the spring than in other periods. About 73% of respondents indicated that current monitoring tools helped them with management decisions; however, a proportion did not use recommended monitoring tools but instead relied on visual signs to determine attacks on trees. In the 2020 surveys, only 37% of ornamental respondents and 43% of the pecan respondents used insecticide sprays, whereas in the 2021 survey, 71% of the ornamental clientele (mostly nurseries) sprayed pyrethroid insecticides for ambrosia beetle management. In 2020 surveys, about 48% and 56% of ornamental and pecan respondents, respectively, spent <$500 USD for ambrosia beetle management.
{"title":"A Survey on Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Problems in Ornamental and Pecan Industries in Georgia1","authors":"S. V. Joseph, Angelita L. Acebes-Doria, Brett Blaauw","doi":"10.18474/jes23-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-06","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ambrosia beetles, mainly Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), are serious pests of young trees in the ornamental industry and pecan orchards as infested trees develop branch dieback with occasional tree mortality. Surveys were conducted in the ornamental industry in 2020 and 2021 and the pecan industry in 2020 because clientele perspective on the extent of damage, phenology, monitoring, management, and loss related to the ambrosia beetle was unclear. Of 35 and 40 ornamental industry respondents, 68% and 82% indicated problems with this pest in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Of 66 pecan industry respondents, 52% reported beetle problems in 2020. About 85% of ornamental and 58% of pecan respondents indicated that 1–10 trees were attacked by ambrosia beetles and 1–30 or more trees were culled annually. The beetle problem persists throughout the growing season but appears greater during the spring than in other periods. About 73% of respondents indicated that current monitoring tools helped them with management decisions; however, a proportion did not use recommended monitoring tools but instead relied on visual signs to determine attacks on trees. In the 2020 surveys, only 37% of ornamental respondents and 43% of the pecan respondents used insecticide sprays, whereas in the 2021 survey, 71% of the ornamental clientele (mostly nurseries) sprayed pyrethroid insecticides for ambrosia beetle management. In 2020 surveys, about 48% and 56% of ornamental and pecan respondents, respectively, spent <$500 USD for ambrosia beetle management.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44582249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the most destructive pests of stored products. Although there have been studies on the potential use of essential oils from plants in the Artemisia genus as insecticides, no comprehensive bioactivity data are available on the efficacy of Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asterales: Asteraceae) essential oil and its chemical constituents on stored-product pests. Therefore, in this study, the bioactivity of A. vulgaris essential oil and its chemical constituents, eugenol and terpinen-4-ol, against T. castaneum were determined by contact, fumigant, and repellent bioassays. Analysis of contact and fumigant bioassays showed that A. vulgaris essential oil, eugenol, and terpinen-4-ol have contact and fumigant toxicities against T. castaneum, of which terpinen-4-ol has a strong killing effect on larvae and adults, suggesting that terpinen-4-ol may be the main active component of A. vulgaris essential oil in contact and fumigant effects. Additionally, A. vulgaris essential oil and eugenol have higher repellent activity against T. castaneum larvae and adults, whereas the repellent activity of terpinen-4-ol is low, indicating that the main component of A. vulgaris essential oil in repellence may be eugenol. These results further provide relevant theoretical basis for the development of plant essential oil pesticides.
{"title":"Bioactivity of Artemisia vulgaris Essential Oil and Two of Its Constituents Against the Red Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","authors":"Shanshan Gao, Mengyi Guo, Yang Yin, Xinyi Zhang, Yong-lei Zhang, Kunpeng Zhang","doi":"10.18474/JES22-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-49","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the most destructive pests of stored products. Although there have been studies on the potential use of essential oils from plants in the Artemisia genus as insecticides, no comprehensive bioactivity data are available on the efficacy of Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asterales: Asteraceae) essential oil and its chemical constituents on stored-product pests. Therefore, in this study, the bioactivity of A. vulgaris essential oil and its chemical constituents, eugenol and terpinen-4-ol, against T. castaneum were determined by contact, fumigant, and repellent bioassays. Analysis of contact and fumigant bioassays showed that A. vulgaris essential oil, eugenol, and terpinen-4-ol have contact and fumigant toxicities against T. castaneum, of which terpinen-4-ol has a strong killing effect on larvae and adults, suggesting that terpinen-4-ol may be the main active component of A. vulgaris essential oil in contact and fumigant effects. Additionally, A. vulgaris essential oil and eugenol have higher repellent activity against T. castaneum larvae and adults, whereas the repellent activity of terpinen-4-ol is low, indicating that the main component of A. vulgaris essential oil in repellence may be eugenol. These results further provide relevant theoretical basis for the development of plant essential oil pesticides.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44215466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Systena frontalis (F.) is a major insect pest of nursery production systems in the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast regions of the United States. Adults feed on plant leaves, which reduces salability of nursery-grown plants. There are limited options available to protect plants from S. frontalis adult feeding damage, and foliar insecticide applications are labor intensive. Systemic insecticides applied to the growing medium may protect plants from S. frontalis adult feeding. Consequently, in 2021 and 2022, we conducted two laboratory and two greenhouse experiments to determine if the systemic insecticides thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, cyantraniliprole, acephate, imidacloprid, and cyfluthrin + imidalcoprid protect plants from feeding by field-collected populations of S. frontalis adults. In the laboratory experiments, growing medium containing Itea plants was treated with the aforementioned systemic insecticides. Seven and 25 d after the treatments were applied, leaves were collected and placed into Petri dishes with a single S. frontalis adult. In the greenhouse experiments, Itea plants were placed into observation cages. Eight S. frontalis adults were released into each cage with an Itea plant. In the laboratory experiments, treatments associated with thiamethoxam and dinotefuran resulted in 100% mortality of S. frontalis adults after 72 h. In the greenhouse experiments, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, and acephate protected plants from S. frontalis adult feeding 7 d after applying the systemic insecticide treatments. Therefore, systemic insecticides can mitigate feeding damage caused by S. frontalis adults on nursery-grown plants.
{"title":"Evaluation of Systemic Insecticides in Protecting Container-Grown Nursery Plants from Damage Caused by Field-Collected Populations of Redheaded Flea Beetle, Systena frontalis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Adults","authors":"R. Cloyd, N. J. Herrick","doi":"10.18474/JES22-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-69","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Systena frontalis (F.) is a major insect pest of nursery production systems in the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast regions of the United States. Adults feed on plant leaves, which reduces salability of nursery-grown plants. There are limited options available to protect plants from S. frontalis adult feeding damage, and foliar insecticide applications are labor intensive. Systemic insecticides applied to the growing medium may protect plants from S. frontalis adult feeding. Consequently, in 2021 and 2022, we conducted two laboratory and two greenhouse experiments to determine if the systemic insecticides thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, cyantraniliprole, acephate, imidacloprid, and cyfluthrin + imidalcoprid protect plants from feeding by field-collected populations of S. frontalis adults. In the laboratory experiments, growing medium containing Itea plants was treated with the aforementioned systemic insecticides. Seven and 25 d after the treatments were applied, leaves were collected and placed into Petri dishes with a single S. frontalis adult. In the greenhouse experiments, Itea plants were placed into observation cages. Eight S. frontalis adults were released into each cage with an Itea plant. In the laboratory experiments, treatments associated with thiamethoxam and dinotefuran resulted in 100% mortality of S. frontalis adults after 72 h. In the greenhouse experiments, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, and acephate protected plants from S. frontalis adult feeding 7 d after applying the systemic insecticide treatments. Therefore, systemic insecticides can mitigate feeding damage caused by S. frontalis adults on nursery-grown plants.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45588980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A stable and specific heat shock protein 27.2 (HSP27.2) antibody was prepared and analyzed for protein level research in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The full-length hsp27.2 was amplified from H. armigera larvae and constructed into the prokaryotic expression vector. The purified His-tag fused protein was used to immunize rabbits for the antibody preparation. Western blot analysis indicated that this antibody specifically recognized the HSP27.2 encoded by H. armigera and detected the HSP27.2 encoded by other noctuid larvae. Further analysis of HSP27.2 expression in H. armigera under infection by different pathogenic microorganisms and in different tissues showed that the expression of HSP27.2 is continually stable. The HSP27.2 antibody is efficient and capable as a reference antibody for functional studies involving genes and proteins in H. armigera and other lepidopteran insects.
摘要制备了一种稳定特异的热休克蛋白27.2 (HSP27.2)抗体，用于棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera, h bner)蛋白水平研究。从棉蚜幼虫中扩增hsp27.2全长，构建原核表达载体。将纯化的His-tag融合蛋白免疫家兔制备抗体。Western blot分析表明，该抗体能特异性识别棉铃虫编码的HSP27.2，也能检测到其他夜蛾幼虫编码的HSP27.2。进一步分析HSP27.2在不同病原微生物感染下和不同组织中的表达，发现HSP27.2的表达是持续稳定的。HSP27.2抗体在棉铃虫和其他鳞翅目昆虫的基因和蛋白质的功能研究中是有效的和可作为参考抗体的。
{"title":"Preparation and Application Analysis of a Polyclonal Antibody as Reference Protein in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Yun Tan, Ruoheng Jin, Zhengkun Xiao, Guo‐Hua Huang","doi":"10.18474/JES22-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-71","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A stable and specific heat shock protein 27.2 (HSP27.2) antibody was prepared and analyzed for protein level research in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The full-length hsp27.2 was amplified from H. armigera larvae and constructed into the prokaryotic expression vector. The purified His-tag fused protein was used to immunize rabbits for the antibody preparation. Western blot analysis indicated that this antibody specifically recognized the HSP27.2 encoded by H. armigera and detected the HSP27.2 encoded by other noctuid larvae. Further analysis of HSP27.2 expression in H. armigera under infection by different pathogenic microorganisms and in different tissues showed that the expression of HSP27.2 is continually stable. The HSP27.2 antibody is efficient and capable as a reference antibody for functional studies involving genes and proteins in H. armigera and other lepidopteran insects.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42445256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Tong, M. Gullickson, Mary Rogers, E. Burkness, W. Hutchison
Spotted-winged drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), has become a significant pest of small and stone fruit. Unlike most Drosophila species, it tends to infest healthy, intact ripe fruit, as opposed to rotting or overripe fruit (Mitsui et al. 2006, Popul. Ecol. 48:233–237; Asplen et al. 2015, J. Pest Sci. 88:469–494). Spotted-winged drosophila adults are typically detected in the field using baited traps. This is useful in helping growers decide when to apply insecticides (Ebbenga et al. 2022, J. Entomol. Sci. 57: 516–529), but methods are also needed to estimate actual fruit infestation levels. Spectral imaging of fruit may provide a nondestructive alternative to extraction of larvae and could provide information on the infestation status of a single fruit. Such imaging has been tested for insect pests other than D. suzukii. For example, Peshlov et al. (2009, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 17:203–212) used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect infestation of wild blueberries (Vaccinium) by blueberry maggot, Rhagoletis mendax Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae). By measuring spectra of a live larva and subtracting it from an infested blueberry, they demonstrated that the NIR signal they recorded was from a larva and ‘‘associated chemical changes in the blueberries.’’ Detectable differences between infested blueberry and larvae occurred between approximately 750 and 1300 nm, with a small differential signal at 600 nm. Tsuta et al. (2006, Food Sci. Technol. Res. 12:96–100) also used spectroscopy to discriminate between blueberry fruit and ‘‘foreign substances.’’ They measured the spectra of various foreign substances, including worms, separately from the fruit. They detected a difference in the second derivative of absorbance between worms and berries between approximately 625 and 675 nm.
斑翅果蝇(drosophila suzukii Matsumura)是一种重要的小果类和核果类害虫。与大多数果蝇物种不同，它倾向于感染健康、完整的成熟果实，而不是腐烂或过熟的果实(Mitsui et al. 2006, Popul)。生态48:233 - 237;Asplen et . 2015, J.害虫学报，88:469-494)。斑点翅果蝇成虫通常是在野外用诱捕器发现的。这有助于种植者决定何时施用杀虫剂(Ebbenga et al. 2022, J. Entomol)。昆虫学报，57:516-529)，但还需要估算实际虫害水平的方法。果实的光谱成像可以提供一种非破坏性的幼虫提取替代方法，并且可以提供单个果实侵染状况的信息。这种成像技术已被用于除铃木氏夜蛾以外的其他害虫。例如，Peshlov等人(2009,J.近红外光谱，17:203-212)利用近红外光谱(NIRS)检测蓝莓蛆，Rhagoletis mendax Curran(双翅目:毯蝗科)对野生蓝莓(Vaccinium)的侵害。通过测量活幼虫的光谱，并将其从受感染的蓝莓中减去，他们证明了他们记录的近红外信号来自幼虫和“蓝莓中相关的化学变化”。“受感染的蓝莓和幼虫之间可检测到的差异发生在大约750到1300纳米之间，在600纳米处有一个小的差异信号。Tsuta et al.(2006，食品科学。抛光工艺。罗12:96-100)也用光谱学来区分蓝莓果实和“外来物质”。他们分别从果实中测量了各种外来物质的光谱，包括蠕虫。他们检测到蠕虫和浆果的吸光度二阶导数在大约625 nm和675 nm之间存在差异。
{"title":"Detection of Spotted-winged Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Infestations in Blueberry Fruits1","authors":"C. Tong, M. Gullickson, Mary Rogers, E. Burkness, W. Hutchison","doi":"10.18474/JES22-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-70","url":null,"abstract":"Spotted-winged drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), has become a significant pest of small and stone fruit. Unlike most Drosophila species, it tends to infest healthy, intact ripe fruit, as opposed to rotting or overripe fruit (Mitsui et al. 2006, Popul. Ecol. 48:233–237; Asplen et al. 2015, J. Pest Sci. 88:469–494). Spotted-winged drosophila adults are typically detected in the field using baited traps. This is useful in helping growers decide when to apply insecticides (Ebbenga et al. 2022, J. Entomol. Sci. 57: 516–529), but methods are also needed to estimate actual fruit infestation levels. Spectral imaging of fruit may provide a nondestructive alternative to extraction of larvae and could provide information on the infestation status of a single fruit. Such imaging has been tested for insect pests other than D. suzukii. For example, Peshlov et al. (2009, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 17:203–212) used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect infestation of wild blueberries (Vaccinium) by blueberry maggot, Rhagoletis mendax Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae). By measuring spectra of a live larva and subtracting it from an infested blueberry, they demonstrated that the NIR signal they recorded was from a larva and ‘‘associated chemical changes in the blueberries.’’ Detectable differences between infested blueberry and larvae occurred between approximately 750 and 1300 nm, with a small differential signal at 600 nm. Tsuta et al. (2006, Food Sci. Technol. Res. 12:96–100) also used spectroscopy to discriminate between blueberry fruit and ‘‘foreign substances.’’ They measured the spectra of various foreign substances, including worms, separately from the fruit. They detected a difference in the second derivative of absorbance between worms and berries between approximately 625 and 675 nm.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47270601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：