Jin Liu, Bing Sun, BAO-JIE Chi, Yun Liu, Peng Chen, Da-Peng Zhang, Yongjie Liu
As a modern orchard management tool, vegetative ground cover can increase biodiversity, enhance the effect of natural enemies, and reduce the amounts of chemical agents used to control pests. This study aimed to investigate the temporal niche relationship between pests and natural enemies in peach orchards (1) planted with flowering plants as a ground cover or (2) with naturally occurring vegetative ground cover or (3) plowed, with the objective of clarifying the conservation effect of peach orchard ground cover on different natural enemies. The results showed that the niche width value of natural enemies in peach orchards planted with the flowering plants was the highest, followed by natural vegetation peach orchards. The ladybird beetle (Coccinellidae) ecological niche width values were the highest in the natural enemy communities of the two types of peach orchards. These results demonstrate that vegetative ground cover in peach orchards can effectively harbor natural enemies and that coccinellids are highly adapted for the ecological environment of the peach orchard.
{"title":"Niche Study of Major Pests and Natural Enemies in Peach Orchards with Different Vegetative Ground Covers1","authors":"Jin Liu, Bing Sun, BAO-JIE Chi, Yun Liu, Peng Chen, Da-Peng Zhang, Yongjie Liu","doi":"10.18474/jes23-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-12","url":null,"abstract":"As a modern orchard management tool, vegetative ground cover can increase biodiversity, enhance the effect of natural enemies, and reduce the amounts of chemical agents used to control pests. This study aimed to investigate the temporal niche relationship between pests and natural enemies in peach orchards (1) planted with flowering plants as a ground cover or (2) with naturally occurring vegetative ground cover or (3) plowed, with the objective of clarifying the conservation effect of peach orchard ground cover on different natural enemies. The results showed that the niche width value of natural enemies in peach orchards planted with the flowering plants was the highest, followed by natural vegetation peach orchards. The ladybird beetle (Coccinellidae) ecological niche width values were the highest in the natural enemy communities of the two types of peach orchards. These results demonstrate that vegetative ground cover in peach orchards can effectively harbor natural enemies and that coccinellids are highly adapted for the ecological environment of the peach orchard.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, has been commercialized in China since 2008 for controlling several lepidopterans, including rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Chemical control of this pest has become difficult because of its development of resistance to many conventional insecticides. To facilitate chlorantraniliprole resistance monitoring, seedling dip bioassays were conducted in 2013 and 2020 to assess the resistance of 5 field populations of C. suppressalis from Hunan provinces in China. The median lethal toxicity (LC50) of chlorantraniliprole against 3rd–4th instar larvae of field populations ranged from 14.799 to 103.587 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/L. The resistance of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole is increasingly serious in most of the regions in Hunan. The levels of resistance of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole ranged from 11.1-fold to 74.4-fold compared with a susceptible population, respectively. During the 8 years, the resistance level of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole at five monitoring points showed a fluctuating upward trend. The resistance of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole in Hengyang is highest in every year. These data are useful in future monitoring program for detecting any changes in resistance as a result of use of the insecticide.
{"title":"Resistance Monitoring of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to Chlorantraniliprole in Five Field Populations from Hunan China 2013–20201","authors":"Mingyong Ma, Shengwei Wu, Zhaopu Peng, Kailong Li","doi":"10.18474/jes23-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-18","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, has been commercialized in China since 2008 for controlling several lepidopterans, including rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Chemical control of this pest has become difficult because of its development of resistance to many conventional insecticides. To facilitate chlorantraniliprole resistance monitoring, seedling dip bioassays were conducted in 2013 and 2020 to assess the resistance of 5 field populations of C. suppressalis from Hunan provinces in China. The median lethal toxicity (LC50) of chlorantraniliprole against 3rd–4th instar larvae of field populations ranged from 14.799 to 103.587 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/L. The resistance of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole is increasingly serious in most of the regions in Hunan. The levels of resistance of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole ranged from 11.1-fold to 74.4-fold compared with a susceptible population, respectively. During the 8 years, the resistance level of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole at five monitoring points showed a fluctuating upward trend. The resistance of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole in Hengyang is highest in every year. These data are useful in future monitoring program for detecting any changes in resistance as a result of use of the insecticide.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Tian, Runa Zhao, Wei Zhou, Chun Yu, Lin Jiang, Xue‐xue Wu, Wenlong Chen
Local fruit orchards have incurred heavy losses due to invasive insects, including the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Guizhou Province, China. In our efforts to manage this invasive pest, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the response of adult B. dorsalis to an extract of Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob (Gunneridae: Asteraceae). We evaluated the contact toxicity and oviposition-deterrent activity of the extract on adult B. dorsalis, as well as the sublethal effects on survival and reproduction. We found that the A. adenophora extract has significant insecticidal activity, with the 24-h median lethal concentration (LC50) for adults being 26.014 mg/ml. The extract of A. adenophora also showed oviposition inhibition. A residual deterrent effect (28.16%) was evident up to 5 d after treatment. Exposure to the LC25 concentration of the A. adenophora extract caused significant differences in preoviposition and fecundity, decreased adult longevity in the F0 generation, and decreased egg and pupa survival in the F1 generation. The levels of carboxylesterase enzyme activity in adults treated with the extract were significantly lower than those in the untreated controls at 12 h and 24 h. This latter phenomenon could perhaps be an adaptive response to the extract that might reduce its toxic effects in B. dorsalis.
在中国贵州省，当地果园因包括东方果蝇 Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) （双翅目：Tephritidae）在内的入侵昆虫而损失惨重。为了控制这种入侵害虫，我们进行了一项实验室研究，以评估东方果蝇成虫对 Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob（菊科）提取物的反应。我们评估了萃取物的接触毒性和对成虫的产卵阻遏活性，以及对成虫存活和繁殖的亚致死影响。我们发现，A. adenophora 提取物具有显著的杀虫活性，对成虫的 24 小时中位致死浓度（LC50）为 26.014 mg/ml。A. adenophora 提取物还具有产卵抑制作用。处理后 5 d 内仍有明显的残留阻遏作用（28.16%）。暴露于 LC25 浓度的腺角蛙提取物中会导致产卵前和受精率的显著差异、F0 代成虫寿命的降低以及 F1 代卵和蛹存活率的降低。经提取物处理的成虫在 12 h 和 24 h 的羧酯酶活性水平明显低于未处理的对照组。
{"title":"Bioactivity and Sublethal Effects of Ageratina adenophora (Asteraceae) on Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)1","authors":"Hui Tian, Runa Zhao, Wei Zhou, Chun Yu, Lin Jiang, Xue‐xue Wu, Wenlong Chen","doi":"10.18474/jes23-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-02","url":null,"abstract":"Local fruit orchards have incurred heavy losses due to invasive insects, including the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Guizhou Province, China. In our efforts to manage this invasive pest, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the response of adult B. dorsalis to an extract of Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob (Gunneridae: Asteraceae). We evaluated the contact toxicity and oviposition-deterrent activity of the extract on adult B. dorsalis, as well as the sublethal effects on survival and reproduction. We found that the A. adenophora extract has significant insecticidal activity, with the 24-h median lethal concentration (LC50) for adults being 26.014 mg/ml. The extract of A. adenophora also showed oviposition inhibition. A residual deterrent effect (28.16%) was evident up to 5 d after treatment. Exposure to the LC25 concentration of the A. adenophora extract caused significant differences in preoviposition and fecundity, decreased adult longevity in the F0 generation, and decreased egg and pupa survival in the F1 generation. The levels of carboxylesterase enzyme activity in adults treated with the extract were significantly lower than those in the untreated controls at 12 h and 24 h. This latter phenomenon could perhaps be an adaptive response to the extract that might reduce its toxic effects in B. dorsalis.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. D. R. Moreno-Ramírez, M. Rocandio-Rodríguez, Rafael Delgado-Martínez, Efraín Neri-Ramírez, Ma. Teresa de Jesús Segura-Martínez, J. C. Chacón-Hernández
{"title":"New Record of Tetranychus merganser (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Eustoma grandiflorum (Gentianales: Gentianaceae) in Northeastern Mexico1","authors":"Y. D. R. Moreno-Ramírez, M. Rocandio-Rodríguez, Rafael Delgado-Martínez, Efraín Neri-Ramírez, Ma. Teresa de Jesús Segura-Martínez, J. C. Chacón-Hernández","doi":"10.18474/jes23-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-48","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fejzo Bašić, Anis Hasanbegović, N. Šuta, Josip Jurković, E. Korjenić, Sanel Haseljić, S. Lelo
{"title":"Preliminary Data on Presence of Ophraella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Southeast of Bosnia and Herzegovina1","authors":"Fejzo Bašić, Anis Hasanbegović, N. Šuta, Josip Jurković, E. Korjenić, Sanel Haseljić, S. Lelo","doi":"10.18474/jes23-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K.L. Sutton, T. Kuhar, S.L. Rideout, S. Taylor, M.S. Reiter, A. D. Del Pozo-Valdivia, D. Reisig, K. McIntyre
Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major insect pest of many agricultural crops in Virginia. Pyrethroids have been the major insecticide class used to control the pest for decades; however, H. zea resistance to pyrethroids has been widely documented in the southeastern and midwestern United States. To assess the pyrethroid susceptibility of H. zea in Virginia, we collected larval populations from the same five locations in 2021 and 2022 and used a quick end user–friendly bioassay to assess survival of larvae after feeding on insecticide-dipped edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] pods. Pyrethroid efficacy varied between years and locations, with some 2021 H. zea populations showing reduced pyrethroid susceptibility, but not in 2022. This variability is most likely influenced by factors such as overwintering survivability in Virginia. Thus, the need for continued annual monitoring is important to track efficacy trends and grower recommendations. The simple bean-dip bioassay could be used as an efficient monitoring tool in the future, with pyrethroid susceptibility determined in 48 h from field collection.
玉米穗虫（Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)）（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）是弗吉尼亚州许多农作物的主要害虫。几十年来，拟除虫菊酯一直是用于控制该害虫的主要杀虫剂类别；然而，在美国东南部和中西部，玉米穗虫对拟除虫菊酯产生抗药性的情况已被广泛记录。为了评估弗吉尼亚州 H. zea 对拟除虫菊酯的敏感性，我们在 2021 年和 2022 年从相同的五个地点收集了幼虫种群，并使用了一种快速、方便用户使用的生物测定方法来评估幼虫取食蘸有杀虫剂的毛豆豆荚后的存活率。拟除虫菊酯的效力因年份和地点而异，2021 年的一些 H. zea 种群对拟除虫菊酯的敏感性降低，而 2022 年则没有。这种变化很可能受到弗吉尼亚州越冬存活率等因素的影响。因此，有必要继续进行年度监测，以跟踪药效趋势和种植者建议。简单的浸豆生物测定可用作未来的高效监测工具，从田间采集开始，48 小时内即可确定除虫菊酯的药敏性。
{"title":"Simple Insecticide Bean-Dip Bioassay Shows Pyrethroid Susceptibility of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Virginia Varies across Locations and Years1","authors":"K.L. Sutton, T. Kuhar, S.L. Rideout, S. Taylor, M.S. Reiter, A. D. Del Pozo-Valdivia, D. Reisig, K. McIntyre","doi":"10.18474/jes23-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-23","url":null,"abstract":"Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major insect pest of many agricultural crops in Virginia. Pyrethroids have been the major insecticide class used to control the pest for decades; however, H. zea resistance to pyrethroids has been widely documented in the southeastern and midwestern United States. To assess the pyrethroid susceptibility of H. zea in Virginia, we collected larval populations from the same five locations in 2021 and 2022 and used a quick end user–friendly bioassay to assess survival of larvae after feeding on insecticide-dipped edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] pods. Pyrethroid efficacy varied between years and locations, with some 2021 H. zea populations showing reduced pyrethroid susceptibility, but not in 2022. This variability is most likely influenced by factors such as overwintering survivability in Virginia. Thus, the need for continued annual monitoring is important to track efficacy trends and grower recommendations. The simple bean-dip bioassay could be used as an efficient monitoring tool in the future, with pyrethroid susceptibility determined in 48 h from field collection.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Menochilus sexmaculatusF. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a generalist predator with potential as a biological control candidate for suppressing many insect pests, including the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). However, the potential control capacity of M. sexmaculatus on P. solenopsis may depend not only on its fitness and predatory efficacy, but also on the consequences of both conspecific and heterospecific interactions with other individuals that share the same resource. This study investigated the aggressiveness and vulnerability of different life stages of M. sexmaculatus when encountering various stages of M. sexmaculatus or Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). The results showed that M. sexmaculatus could act as predator and/or prey with the presence of conspecific and heterospecific ladybird beetles. The success of predation is affected by the ladybird beetle life stage and, in most cases, young stages of the ladybird beetles were most susceptible to relatively older life stages of ladybird beetles. Predation between M. sexmaculatus/H. axyridis larvae of the same developmental stage was always asymmetric, favoring H. axyridis. Moreover, M. sexmaculatus exhibited intensive aggressiveness toward their own species over heterospecific individuals, but was more vulnerable to H. axyridis than to M. sexmaculatus individuals. Overall, H. axyridis could negatively affect the population densities of M. sexmaculatus by its high aggressiveness and low vulnerability. However, because our study was conducted in an oversimplified and confined area, more research should be conducted under more realistic conditions to explore the impacts of H. axyridis on the population dynamics of M. sexmaculatus.
{"title":"Direct Effect of Cannibalism and Intraguild Predation in Menochilus sexmaculatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)1","authors":"Xing-lin Yu, Yu-Tong Zhou, Yi Feng, Bao-Li Qiu","doi":"10.18474/jes23-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-08","url":null,"abstract":"Menochilus sexmaculatusF. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a generalist predator with potential as a biological control candidate for suppressing many insect pests, including the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). However, the potential control capacity of M. sexmaculatus on P. solenopsis may depend not only on its fitness and predatory efficacy, but also on the consequences of both conspecific and heterospecific interactions with other individuals that share the same resource. This study investigated the aggressiveness and vulnerability of different life stages of M. sexmaculatus when encountering various stages of M. sexmaculatus or Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). The results showed that M. sexmaculatus could act as predator and/or prey with the presence of conspecific and heterospecific ladybird beetles. The success of predation is affected by the ladybird beetle life stage and, in most cases, young stages of the ladybird beetles were most susceptible to relatively older life stages of ladybird beetles. Predation between M. sexmaculatus/H. axyridis larvae of the same developmental stage was always asymmetric, favoring H. axyridis. Moreover, M. sexmaculatus exhibited intensive aggressiveness toward their own species over heterospecific individuals, but was more vulnerable to H. axyridis than to M. sexmaculatus individuals. Overall, H. axyridis could negatively affect the population densities of M. sexmaculatus by its high aggressiveness and low vulnerability. However, because our study was conducted in an oversimplified and confined area, more research should be conducted under more realistic conditions to explore the impacts of H. axyridis on the population dynamics of M. sexmaculatus.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barriers to gene flow can result in populations evolving into separate species, and understanding how these barriers evolve is a key step in understanding the process of speciation. This study investigates a major barrier to gene flow, mortality during development, of two parasitoid wasp species, Nasonia vitripennis Walker and N. giraulti Darling. Previous work has demonstrated high mortality in haploid hybrid males of these species and has shown potential rescue from this mortality in diploid hybrid females through backcrossing. However, this previous work did not directly measure egg clutch sizes in hybrids and also did not account for male eggs in these clutches. Here, we measure female-only egg and adult clutch sizes of both parent species and F2 hybrids, as well as F2 male egg and adult clutch sizes, in order to determine the impact of backcrossing on mortality in these hybrids. We find significant egg-to-adult mortality in diploid F2 hybrid females with a N. giraulti cytotype when backcrossed to N. vitripennis males; yet, these hybrids also experience less mortality than haploid F2 males. These results confirm the mortality and rescue in these F2 hybrid females and indicate that there is likely a combination of nuclear-cytoplasmic and nuclear-nuclear incompatibilities in these hybrids that lead to this mortality. This work provides a foundation for future studies to investigate the genetic basis of this mortality.
{"title":"Mortality in Interspecific Hybrids of Nasonia vitripennis and Nasonia giraulti (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)1","authors":"Bonnie A. Cobb, Joshua D. Gibson","doi":"10.18474/jes23-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-35","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Barriers to gene flow can result in populations evolving into separate species, and understanding how these barriers evolve is a key step in understanding the process of speciation. This study investigates a major barrier to gene flow, mortality during development, of two parasitoid wasp species, Nasonia vitripennis Walker and N. giraulti Darling. Previous work has demonstrated high mortality in haploid hybrid males of these species and has shown potential rescue from this mortality in diploid hybrid females through backcrossing. However, this previous work did not directly measure egg clutch sizes in hybrids and also did not account for male eggs in these clutches. Here, we measure female-only egg and adult clutch sizes of both parent species and F2 hybrids, as well as F2 male egg and adult clutch sizes, in order to determine the impact of backcrossing on mortality in these hybrids. We find significant egg-to-adult mortality in diploid F2 hybrid females with a N. giraulti cytotype when backcrossed to N. vitripennis males; yet, these hybrids also experience less mortality than haploid F2 males. These results confirm the mortality and rescue in these F2 hybrid females and indicate that there is likely a combination of nuclear-cytoplasmic and nuclear-nuclear incompatibilities in these hybrids that lead to this mortality. This work provides a foundation for future studies to investigate the genetic basis of this mortality.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42857435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego Treviño-Cueto, Eduardo Hidalgo Mayorga, Sergei Subbotin, Melchor Cepeda Siller, S. Sanchez-Peña
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are important biological control agents of insect pests. Strains or isolates obtained in specific regions and utilized in situ might contribute to the success of EPNs, since they are adapted to local abiotic conditions. We isolated and identified three isolates each of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar and Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) from soils at Saltillo, Coahuila State, Mexico. These six isolates were bioassayed against larvae of Tenebrio molitor L., using six concentrations of infective juveniles (IJs) per larva (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200). EPN-induced mortality of the isolates ranged from 15.2% to 100%. The designated M5 isolate of S. carpocapsae caused 100% mortality after 72 h at concentrations ≥25 IJs/larva with a median lethal concentration of 4.99 IJs/larva. Comparison of mortality levels induced at the same concentration of the six EPN isolates indicated that the Steinernema isolates, in general, induced higher mortality levels than the Heterorhabditis isolates. IJ production in T. molitor larvae also was greatest with the M5 isolate of S. carpocapsae following exposure of larvae to a concentration of 100 IJs/larva with a mean of 17,320 IJs/larva. Based on induced mortality and IJ production, the S. carpocapsae M5 isolate appears to be a viable candidate for further study and possible development for use in insect pest management programs. This study indicates that naturally coexisting local nematode isolates possess different attributes critical for their use as biocontrol agents.
{"title":"Virulence and Reproduction of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Isolated from a Single Mexican Locality1","authors":"Diego Treviño-Cueto, Eduardo Hidalgo Mayorga, Sergei Subbotin, Melchor Cepeda Siller, S. Sanchez-Peña","doi":"10.18474/jes22-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes22-72","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are important biological control agents of insect pests. Strains or isolates obtained in specific regions and utilized in situ might contribute to the success of EPNs, since they are adapted to local abiotic conditions. We isolated and identified three isolates each of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar and Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) from soils at Saltillo, Coahuila State, Mexico. These six isolates were bioassayed against larvae of Tenebrio molitor L., using six concentrations of infective juveniles (IJs) per larva (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200). EPN-induced mortality of the isolates ranged from 15.2% to 100%. The designated M5 isolate of S. carpocapsae caused 100% mortality after 72 h at concentrations ≥25 IJs/larva with a median lethal concentration of 4.99 IJs/larva. Comparison of mortality levels induced at the same concentration of the six EPN isolates indicated that the Steinernema isolates, in general, induced higher mortality levels than the Heterorhabditis isolates. IJ production in T. molitor larvae also was greatest with the M5 isolate of S. carpocapsae following exposure of larvae to a concentration of 100 IJs/larva with a mean of 17,320 IJs/larva. Based on induced mortality and IJ production, the S. carpocapsae M5 isolate appears to be a viable candidate for further study and possible development for use in insect pest management programs. This study indicates that naturally coexisting local nematode isolates possess different attributes critical for their use as biocontrol agents.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47289458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edgar D. Pérez Tesén, Jennifher E. Rodas Adrianzén, Alexander Chávez Cabrera, María E. Neira de Perales
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an economically important pest of variety of crops, including maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and cotton (Gossypium spp.). Conventional chemical insecticides are usually used for management of this pest; however, a viable alternative is the use of microbial agents or their biological products, such as entomopathogenic nematodes. Their efficacy, however, is affected by abiotic conditions including ultraviolet (UV) light and desiccation. It is therefore necessary to develop formulations that preserve or extend the viability of the agent or product while facilitating ease of application. This laboratory study was conducted to determine the pathogenicity of the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) against S. frugiperda third-instar larvae. Infective juveniles (IJs) of the nematode were tested at a concentration of 350 IJs/ml in two substrates (water and 0.1% [w/v] agar suspension) with four periods of exposure (0, 5, 10 and 15 min) to UV radiation at 253.7 nm. Each of the eight treatments included 40 larvae, with each treatment replicated three times in a completely randomized design (two factors of type of medium and UV exposure time). We determined that the 0.1% (w/v) agar suspension, compared with the water substrate, protected the IJs from harmful UV light and thus improved the survival and pathogenicity of the IJs against third-instar S. frugiperda.
{"title":"Pathogenicity of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in Ultraviolet Light–Irradiated Agar Suspension on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae1","authors":"Edgar D. Pérez Tesén, Jennifher E. Rodas Adrianzén, Alexander Chávez Cabrera, María E. Neira de Perales","doi":"10.18474/jes22-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes22-48","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an economically important pest of variety of crops, including maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and cotton (Gossypium spp.). Conventional chemical insecticides are usually used for management of this pest; however, a viable alternative is the use of microbial agents or their biological products, such as entomopathogenic nematodes. Their efficacy, however, is affected by abiotic conditions including ultraviolet (UV) light and desiccation. It is therefore necessary to develop formulations that preserve or extend the viability of the agent or product while facilitating ease of application. This laboratory study was conducted to determine the pathogenicity of the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) against S. frugiperda third-instar larvae. Infective juveniles (IJs) of the nematode were tested at a concentration of 350 IJs/ml in two substrates (water and 0.1% [w/v] agar suspension) with four periods of exposure (0, 5, 10 and 15 min) to UV radiation at 253.7 nm. Each of the eight treatments included 40 larvae, with each treatment replicated three times in a completely randomized design (two factors of type of medium and UV exposure time). We determined that the 0.1% (w/v) agar suspension, compared with the water substrate, protected the IJs from harmful UV light and thus improved the survival and pathogenicity of the IJs against third-instar S. frugiperda.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67939899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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