Itzcóatl Martínez-Sánchez, M. Vásquez-Bolaños, G. Gaona-García, Ericka Martínez-Hernández, A. López-Mancilla, Madai Rosas-Mejía
Four species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are reported as new state records for Hidalgo, Mexico, a state with 249 previous records of native species (Guenard et al. 2017, Myrmecol. News 24:83–89). Ant specimens were collected for 2 yr as part of an inventory of formicids associated with corn (Zea mays L), coffee (Coffea arabica L.), and orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) crops to analyze the structure of ant communities in northeastern Hidalgo near the municipality of Huejutla. Each site was characterized by a number of plant species other than the principal crop. Cleared areas near Huejutla had adjacent patches of vegetation composed of medium subevergreen forest and high evergreen forest that included Nectandra ambigens (Blake) Allen (Lauraceae), Aphananthe monoica (Hemsl.) J.L. Leroy (Cannabaceae), Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. (Burseraceae), Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. (Urticaceae), Brosimum alicastrum Swartz (Moraceae), Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae), and Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm. (Arecaceae). Corn fields also contained such plant species as Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae), Ipomoea purpurea L. (Convolvulaceae), Heliconia schiedeana L. (Heliconiaceae), Commelina erecta L. (Commelinaceae), Croton draco Schltdl. & Cham. (Euphorbiaceae), and Guazuma ulmifolia Lam (Malvaceae). Commelina erecta L. (Commelinaceae), Christella ovata var. Lindheimeri (C. Chr) A.R.Sm. (Thelypteridaceae), C. tepejilote, Heliocarpus appendiculatus Turcz (Malvaceae), H. schiedeana, and Musa
{"title":"New Records of Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species for Hidalgo, Mexico","authors":"Itzcóatl Martínez-Sánchez, M. Vásquez-Bolaños, G. Gaona-García, Ericka Martínez-Hernández, A. López-Mancilla, Madai Rosas-Mejía","doi":"10.18474/JES22-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-78","url":null,"abstract":"Four species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are reported as new state records for Hidalgo, Mexico, a state with 249 previous records of native species (Guenard et al. 2017, Myrmecol. News 24:83–89). Ant specimens were collected for 2 yr as part of an inventory of formicids associated with corn (Zea mays L), coffee (Coffea arabica L.), and orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) crops to analyze the structure of ant communities in northeastern Hidalgo near the municipality of Huejutla. Each site was characterized by a number of plant species other than the principal crop. Cleared areas near Huejutla had adjacent patches of vegetation composed of medium subevergreen forest and high evergreen forest that included Nectandra ambigens (Blake) Allen (Lauraceae), Aphananthe monoica (Hemsl.) J.L. Leroy (Cannabaceae), Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. (Burseraceae), Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. (Urticaceae), Brosimum alicastrum Swartz (Moraceae), Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae), and Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm. (Arecaceae). Corn fields also contained such plant species as Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae), Ipomoea purpurea L. (Convolvulaceae), Heliconia schiedeana L. (Heliconiaceae), Commelina erecta L. (Commelinaceae), Croton draco Schltdl. & Cham. (Euphorbiaceae), and Guazuma ulmifolia Lam (Malvaceae). Commelina erecta L. (Commelinaceae), Christella ovata var. Lindheimeri (C. Chr) A.R.Sm. (Thelypteridaceae), C. tepejilote, Heliocarpus appendiculatus Turcz (Malvaceae), H. schiedeana, and Musa","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"377 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43734780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This report is a review of pertinent scientific literature on the chemical communication of the Miridae (Order Hemiptera; Suborder Heteroptera), with a focus on the sympatric species Eccritotarsus catarinensis Carvhalho and Eccritotarsus eichhorniae Henry. Both species have been deployed as biological control agents of water hyacinth, Pontederia (Eichhornia) crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach, in over 30 sites in South Africa. Our aim in this review was to gather and assimilate information on the chemical communication and chemical ecology of mirids, with an ultimate goal of enhancing the effectiveness of biological control agents of water hyacinth, particularly E. catarinensis and E. eichhorniae. Many hemipterans have highly developed metathoracic scent glands (MTGs), Brindley's glands, and secretory setae that store and emit chemicals that may act as allomones, kairomones, or pheromones. The preponderance of the available literature dealt with sex pheromones. Hexyl butyrate, (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal, and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate are reported to be sex pheromones in many mirids: for example, Adelphocoris fasciaticollis Reuter, Apolygus spinolae Meyer-Dür, Liocoris tripustulatus F., Lygocoris pabulinus L., several Lygus spp. (Lygus hesperus Knight, Lygus lineolaris Beauvois, Lygus elisus van Duzee, Lygus pratensis L., and Lygus rugulipennis Poppius), and Stenotus rubrovittatus Matsumura. Hexyl butyrate is the most prevalent sex pheromone in Miridae, while (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal is the most prevalent sex pheromone in Heteroptera. Both pheromones co-occur in some species and exhibit many functionalities. The constancy of sex pheromones linked to behavioral patterns in Miridae suggest a punctuated equilibrium pattern of evolution (dating back to the Triassic), similar to morphological characters of many insects.
摘要本文对半翅目昆虫科化学通讯的相关文献进行了综述;异翅目)，重点研究了同域种卡塔林亚目(Eccritotarsus catarinensis Carvhalho)和埃奇霍尼亚目(Eccritotarsus eichhorniae Henry)。这两个物种已作为水葫芦Pontederia (Eichhornia) crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach的生物防治剂部署在南非的30多个地点。本文旨在收集和吸收水葫芦的化学通讯和化学生态学方面的信息，以提高水葫芦生物防治剂的有效性，特别是卡塔林水葫芦和水葫芦。许多半足动物都有高度发达的胸后气味腺(MTGs)、布林德利腺(Brindley’s)和分泌性腺，这些性腺储存和释放的化学物质可能起到异激素、kairomones或费洛蒙的作用。现有的文献主要是关于性信息素的。据报道，丁酸己基、(E)-4-氧-2-己烯醛和(E)-2-己烯基丁酸己基是许多昆虫的性信息素:例如，束带盲蝽、棘盲蝽、三角盲蝽、pabulinus L.、几种盲蝽(Knight Lygus hesperus、Beauvois Lygus lineolaris Beauvois、Lygus elisus van Duzee、pratensis L.和rugulipennis Poppius)和松村盲蝽。丁酸己酯是螟科中最常见的性信息素，而(E)-4-氧-2-己烯醛是异翅目中最常见的性信息素。这两种信息素在一些物种中同时出现，并表现出许多功能。与Miridae的行为模式相关的性信息素的稳定性表明进化的间断平衡模式(可追溯到三叠纪)，类似于许多昆虫的形态特征。
{"title":"A Review of Chemically Based Communication in Miridae, with a Focus on Two Sympatric Species of Eccritotarsus","authors":"S. Mnguni, Lelethu Unathi-Nkosi Peter Heshula","doi":"10.18474/JES22-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-62","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This report is a review of pertinent scientific literature on the chemical communication of the Miridae (Order Hemiptera; Suborder Heteroptera), with a focus on the sympatric species Eccritotarsus catarinensis Carvhalho and Eccritotarsus eichhorniae Henry. Both species have been deployed as biological control agents of water hyacinth, Pontederia (Eichhornia) crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach, in over 30 sites in South Africa. Our aim in this review was to gather and assimilate information on the chemical communication and chemical ecology of mirids, with an ultimate goal of enhancing the effectiveness of biological control agents of water hyacinth, particularly E. catarinensis and E. eichhorniae. Many hemipterans have highly developed metathoracic scent glands (MTGs), Brindley's glands, and secretory setae that store and emit chemicals that may act as allomones, kairomones, or pheromones. The preponderance of the available literature dealt with sex pheromones. Hexyl butyrate, (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal, and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate are reported to be sex pheromones in many mirids: for example, Adelphocoris fasciaticollis Reuter, Apolygus spinolae Meyer-Dür, Liocoris tripustulatus F., Lygocoris pabulinus L., several Lygus spp. (Lygus hesperus Knight, Lygus lineolaris Beauvois, Lygus elisus van Duzee, Lygus pratensis L., and Lygus rugulipennis Poppius), and Stenotus rubrovittatus Matsumura. Hexyl butyrate is the most prevalent sex pheromone in Miridae, while (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal is the most prevalent sex pheromone in Heteroptera. Both pheromones co-occur in some species and exhibit many functionalities. The constancy of sex pheromones linked to behavioral patterns in Miridae suggest a punctuated equilibrium pattern of evolution (dating back to the Triassic), similar to morphological characters of many insects.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"277 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47863837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This work investigated acaricidal and repellent activities of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook. f. (Rutaceae) extracts against Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae). Acaricidal activities were tested by spraying the extracts on adult females and eggs, and repellent activity was assessed in paired-choice tests with filter paper treated with the extracts by using adult female mites. Adult mortality 24 h after application of a 12% (w/v) concentration of the hexane extract was 73.3% for T. urticae and T. truncatus, whereas application of the methylene chloride extract caused 85.8% mortality of T. urticae and 85% mortality of T. truncatus. Lower concentrations (6–12%) of the methanol extract yielded low efficacy against T. urticae but exhibited high efficacy against T. truncatus (73.8–95.8%). In general, egg hatch was reduced <50% by 5 d following application of the extracts. Only the 6–12% concentration of the hexane extract caused higher levels of T. truncatus egg mortality ranging 55.4–68.7%. All extracts repelled adult mites over 64% from 5 to 72 h after exposure. However, the percentage of repellency showed no statistical differences in all treatments. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified that the major chemical compounds in the hexane extract were DL-limonene (29.75%) and sabinene (9.76%), whereas limonene (40.70%) and sabinene (16.60%) were the principal constituents of the methylene chloride extract. Our results demonstrate that Z. myriacanthum dried fruit extracts have potential for controlling T. urticae and T. truncatus and might be developed as acaricides for integrated pest management programs.
{"title":"Acaricidal and Repellent Activity of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum (Rutaceae) Fruit Extracts Against Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus truncatus (Acari: Tetranychidae)","authors":"Wipavadee Kruewong, W. Auamcharoen","doi":"10.18474/JES22-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-29","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work investigated acaricidal and repellent activities of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook. f. (Rutaceae) extracts against Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae). Acaricidal activities were tested by spraying the extracts on adult females and eggs, and repellent activity was assessed in paired-choice tests with filter paper treated with the extracts by using adult female mites. Adult mortality 24 h after application of a 12% (w/v) concentration of the hexane extract was 73.3% for T. urticae and T. truncatus, whereas application of the methylene chloride extract caused 85.8% mortality of T. urticae and 85% mortality of T. truncatus. Lower concentrations (6–12%) of the methanol extract yielded low efficacy against T. urticae but exhibited high efficacy against T. truncatus (73.8–95.8%). In general, egg hatch was reduced <50% by 5 d following application of the extracts. Only the 6–12% concentration of the hexane extract caused higher levels of T. truncatus egg mortality ranging 55.4–68.7%. All extracts repelled adult mites over 64% from 5 to 72 h after exposure. However, the percentage of repellency showed no statistical differences in all treatments. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified that the major chemical compounds in the hexane extract were DL-limonene (29.75%) and sabinene (9.76%), whereas limonene (40.70%) and sabinene (16.60%) were the principal constituents of the methylene chloride extract. Our results demonstrate that Z. myriacanthum dried fruit extracts have potential for controlling T. urticae and T. truncatus and might be developed as acaricides for integrated pest management programs.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"119 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42155876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yubo Zhang, Zhengxue Zhao, Yingjian Wang, Tianlei Liu
Abstract Cicadella viridis (L.) and Evacanthus interruptus L. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) are two of the most important leafhopper pests worldwide. Identifying habitat suitability areas of these species could be useful for their management. This study used the MaxEnt model to predict the current and future global habitat suitability areas of these species based on distribution and associated environmental data. The model showed that isothermality and the mean temperature of the driest quarter of the year were the most important environmental factors affecting the distribution of C. viridis and E. interruptus. Europe and southern China are the current primary habitat suitability areas for the two species. The high habitat suitability areas for C. viridis are also concentrated in these areas, whereas the high habitat suitability areas for E. interruptus are mainly found in western Europe. Under future climate change scenarios, the area of the two species habitat suitability areas increases, and the high habitat suitability areas for C. viridis decrease. However, the high habitat suitability areas for E. interruptus increase in 2041–2060 shared socioeconomic pathways 585 (ssp585) but decrease in 2041–2060 and 2061–2080 shared socioeconomic pathways 126 (ssp126). It is necessary to develop measures to monitor these species within habitat suitability areas, especially in high habitat suitability areas, to reduce economic losses.
{"title":"Suitable Habitats for Cicadella viridis and Evacanthus interruptus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with Global Climate Change","authors":"Yubo Zhang, Zhengxue Zhao, Yingjian Wang, Tianlei Liu","doi":"10.18474/JES22-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-36","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cicadella viridis (L.) and Evacanthus interruptus L. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) are two of the most important leafhopper pests worldwide. Identifying habitat suitability areas of these species could be useful for their management. This study used the MaxEnt model to predict the current and future global habitat suitability areas of these species based on distribution and associated environmental data. The model showed that isothermality and the mean temperature of the driest quarter of the year were the most important environmental factors affecting the distribution of C. viridis and E. interruptus. Europe and southern China are the current primary habitat suitability areas for the two species. The high habitat suitability areas for C. viridis are also concentrated in these areas, whereas the high habitat suitability areas for E. interruptus are mainly found in western Europe. Under future climate change scenarios, the area of the two species habitat suitability areas increases, and the high habitat suitability areas for C. viridis decrease. However, the high habitat suitability areas for E. interruptus increase in 2041–2060 shared socioeconomic pathways 585 (ssp585) but decrease in 2041–2060 and 2061–2080 shared socioeconomic pathways 126 (ssp126). It is necessary to develop measures to monitor these species within habitat suitability areas, especially in high habitat suitability areas, to reduce economic losses.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"215 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42587945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Tejeda-Reyes, J. C. Rodríguez-Maciel, J. Díaz-Nájera, M. Vargas-Hernández, Néstor Bautista-Martínez;, S. Hernández-Hernández, Irvin Mauricio Mendoza-Espinoza, Tania Monserrat Ramírez-Fernández, Alejandro Guillermo Rojas-Rosales, Paola Vera-Barreto, Guillermo Sainos-Guzmán
Abstract In Mexico, conventional insecticides are the main tools used to manage the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in maize, Zea mays L. This scenario results in the need to continually assess the biological efficacy of insecticides used to combat this pest. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of insecticides with different modes of action in diverse locations under different levels of S. frugiperda larval infestation. The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant), resulting in decreased levels of damage to the plant whorl. When applied at infestation levels below the ET, larval numbers remained below the ET for at least 7–14 d after application. In contrast, when applied with infestation levels above the recommended ET, the performance of some insecticides in terms of effectively reducing larval density decreased. We, however, found that Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole; FMC Agroquímica de México), Clavis® (thiodicarb + triflumuron; Bayer de México), and Pleo® 50 EC (pyridalyl; Valent de México) can be used under these conditions to provide adequate protection up to 21 d after application. The information obtained in our experiments confirms the need to adjust the current ET depending on the type of compound to be used, since the insecticides used performed more efficiently and for a long time at densities lower than 2.0 larvae per 10 plants.
摘要在墨西哥，常规杀虫剂是用于管理玉米玉米中秋粘虫草地贪夜蛾（J.E.Smith）（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）的主要工具。这种情况导致需要不断评估用于对抗这种害虫的杀虫剂的生物效果。在本研究中，我们评估了不同作用模式的杀虫剂在不同地点、不同程度的草地贪夜蛾幼虫侵扰下的效果。所评估的杀虫剂将每株植物的幼虫密度降低到低于推荐经济阈值（ET）的水平，即每10株植物2.0个幼虫（0.2/株），从而降低了对植物轮生的损害程度。当以低于ET的侵扰水平施用时，幼虫数量在施用后至少7-14天内保持在低于ET的水平。相反，当虫害水平高于推荐的ET时，一些杀虫剂在有效降低幼虫密度方面的性能下降。然而，我们发现，Coragen®（氯虫腈；墨西哥FMC Agroquímica de México）、Clavis®（噻二卡+三氟脲；墨西哥拜耳）和Pleo®50 EC（吡啶醇；墨西哥Valent）可以在这些条件下使用，以在施用后21天内提供足够的保护。在我们的实验中获得的信息证实，需要根据要使用的化合物的类型来调整当前的ET，因为所使用的杀虫剂在低于每10株植物2.0个幼虫的密度下表现得更有效，并且持续时间更长。
{"title":"Efficacy of Selected Insecticides in Combination with Economic Thresholds in Managing Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Maize Grown in Mexico","authors":"M. A. Tejeda-Reyes, J. C. Rodríguez-Maciel, J. Díaz-Nájera, M. Vargas-Hernández, Néstor Bautista-Martínez;, S. Hernández-Hernández, Irvin Mauricio Mendoza-Espinoza, Tania Monserrat Ramírez-Fernández, Alejandro Guillermo Rojas-Rosales, Paola Vera-Barreto, Guillermo Sainos-Guzmán","doi":"10.18474/JES22-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-31","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Mexico, conventional insecticides are the main tools used to manage the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in maize, Zea mays L. This scenario results in the need to continually assess the biological efficacy of insecticides used to combat this pest. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of insecticides with different modes of action in diverse locations under different levels of S. frugiperda larval infestation. The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant), resulting in decreased levels of damage to the plant whorl. When applied at infestation levels below the ET, larval numbers remained below the ET for at least 7–14 d after application. In contrast, when applied with infestation levels above the recommended ET, the performance of some insecticides in terms of effectively reducing larval density decreased. We, however, found that Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole; FMC Agroquímica de México), Clavis® (thiodicarb + triflumuron; Bayer de México), and Pleo® 50 EC (pyridalyl; Valent de México) can be used under these conditions to provide adequate protection up to 21 d after application. The information obtained in our experiments confirms the need to adjust the current ET depending on the type of compound to be used, since the insecticides used performed more efficiently and for a long time at densities lower than 2.0 larvae per 10 plants.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"166 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49107524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity, with respect to elevation and the similarity of different ant communities therein, was identified in the southern portion of the Western Sichuan Plateau in China. Thirty plots were established in four elevation zones to serve as sampling areas for ants. We collected 19,235 ants in the survey. Those represented 68 species, 23 genera, and 4 subfamilies (including 13 undetermined species). The three dominant species in terms of abundance were Lasius himalayanus Bingham, Formica fusca L., and Myrmica kozlovi Ruzsky. We also found that the number of species, population density, the diversity, and dominance indices of the ant communities displayed a multidomain effect with an increase in elevation. The similarity coefficient of ant communities in each zone of elevation ([q] 0.2239–0.5217, medium similar level [occupying 17%], medium dissimilar level [occupying 50%], and dissimilar level [occupying 33%]) showed that differences in elevation and in habitat heterogeneity had a large impact on ant communities in the study area. Ant species diversity at each elevation sampled was not disturbed by human activities. The similarity coefficient of ant communities at the different zones of elevation was low. Therefore, ant species diversity was relatively high, indicating a higher conservation value in Sichuan Province.
{"title":"Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species Diversity of the Western Sichuan Plateau in China","authors":"Ting Li, Zhenghui Xu, Xinmin Zhang, Qiu-Rong Li, Chao Chen, Ningyan Guo, Xiu Han","doi":"10.18474/JES22-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-28","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity, with respect to elevation and the similarity of different ant communities therein, was identified in the southern portion of the Western Sichuan Plateau in China. Thirty plots were established in four elevation zones to serve as sampling areas for ants. We collected 19,235 ants in the survey. Those represented 68 species, 23 genera, and 4 subfamilies (including 13 undetermined species). The three dominant species in terms of abundance were Lasius himalayanus Bingham, Formica fusca L., and Myrmica kozlovi Ruzsky. We also found that the number of species, population density, the diversity, and dominance indices of the ant communities displayed a multidomain effect with an increase in elevation. The similarity coefficient of ant communities in each zone of elevation ([q] 0.2239–0.5217, medium similar level [occupying 17%], medium dissimilar level [occupying 50%], and dissimilar level [occupying 33%]) showed that differences in elevation and in habitat heterogeneity had a large impact on ant communities in the study area. Ant species diversity at each elevation sampled was not disturbed by human activities. The similarity coefficient of ant communities at the different zones of elevation was low. Therefore, ant species diversity was relatively high, indicating a higher conservation value in Sichuan Province.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"142 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47801223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minjia Huang, Jintong Zhang, S. Zong, Youqing Luo, Dawei Zhang
Abstract The Mongolian pine borer, Dioryctria mongolicella Wang & Sung (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a major pest in Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvetris L. var. mongolica Litvinov) plantations in the northeast of China. A blend of 11-hexadecenal and 11-hexadecenyl acetate in a ratio of 2:1 was detected from extracts of its female sex pheromone glands by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Our field trapping experiments confirmed that the D. mongolicella pheromone consists of a blend of (E)-11-hexadecenal (E11-16:Ald) and (Z)-11hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac). The addition of (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9E11-14:Ac) and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-tricosatriene (ZZZ3,6,9-23:H) increased catches of male D. mongolicella in sticky traps baited with E11-16:Ald and Z11-16:Ac. However, the addition of (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-pentacosapentaene or (Z,Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,12,15-tricosapentaene to lures loaded with E11-16:Ald, Z11-16:Ac, and Z9E11-14:Ac did not significantly increase trap catches of D. mongolicella at two locations in Heilongjiang province, China. The synthetic blend of 400 µg E11-16:Ald, 200 µg Z11-16:Ac, 200 µg Z9E11-14:Ac, and 500 µg ZZZ3,6,9-23:H will help in developing efficient strategies for monitoring and control of D. mongolicella populations in Mongolian pine plantations.
{"title":"Sex Attractant Blend for Dioryctria mongolicella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the Northeast of China","authors":"Minjia Huang, Jintong Zhang, S. Zong, Youqing Luo, Dawei Zhang","doi":"10.18474/JES22-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-44","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Mongolian pine borer, Dioryctria mongolicella Wang & Sung (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a major pest in Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvetris L. var. mongolica Litvinov) plantations in the northeast of China. A blend of 11-hexadecenal and 11-hexadecenyl acetate in a ratio of 2:1 was detected from extracts of its female sex pheromone glands by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Our field trapping experiments confirmed that the D. mongolicella pheromone consists of a blend of (E)-11-hexadecenal (E11-16:Ald) and (Z)-11hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac). The addition of (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9E11-14:Ac) and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-tricosatriene (ZZZ3,6,9-23:H) increased catches of male D. mongolicella in sticky traps baited with E11-16:Ald and Z11-16:Ac. However, the addition of (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-pentacosapentaene or (Z,Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,12,15-tricosapentaene to lures loaded with E11-16:Ald, Z11-16:Ac, and Z9E11-14:Ac did not significantly increase trap catches of D. mongolicella at two locations in Heilongjiang province, China. The synthetic blend of 400 µg E11-16:Ald, 200 µg Z11-16:Ac, 200 µg Z9E11-14:Ac, and 500 µg ZZZ3,6,9-23:H will help in developing efficient strategies for monitoring and control of D. mongolicella populations in Mongolian pine plantations.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"252 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45058135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Grapholita molesta Busck (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a major fruit pest of a wide range of Rosaceae trees. Olfaction plays a crucial role in insect behavioral activities, and insects primarily rely on odorant receptors (ORs) to detect odorant molecules. Several olfactory-related genes in G. molesta have been studied; however, the ORs of G. molesta are unclear. Here, GmolOR7, a general OR gene, was cloned and characterized. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that GmolOR7 is closely related to Cydia pomonella OR54, with the amino acid sequence identity of 80.21%. Furthermore, the different developmental stages and tissues of GmolOR7 in G. molesta were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that GmolOR7 was expressed at higher levels in adults, and particularly in the antennae of females. GmolOR7 expression was the highest in 3-d-old adults. These results will provide an indication for further functional study of the GmolOR7 in G. molesta and its role in the detection of host-plant volatiles by insects in general.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Odorant Receptor Gene GmolOR7 in Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)","authors":"Li-Hui Chen, Mei-Mei Li, Yan-Ying Li, Weining Cheng, Hong-Yi Wei, Xiangli Xu, Junxiang Wu","doi":"10.18474/JES22-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-42","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Grapholita molesta Busck (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a major fruit pest of a wide range of Rosaceae trees. Olfaction plays a crucial role in insect behavioral activities, and insects primarily rely on odorant receptors (ORs) to detect odorant molecules. Several olfactory-related genes in G. molesta have been studied; however, the ORs of G. molesta are unclear. Here, GmolOR7, a general OR gene, was cloned and characterized. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that GmolOR7 is closely related to Cydia pomonella OR54, with the amino acid sequence identity of 80.21%. Furthermore, the different developmental stages and tissues of GmolOR7 in G. molesta were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that GmolOR7 was expressed at higher levels in adults, and particularly in the antennae of females. GmolOR7 expression was the highest in 3-d-old adults. These results will provide an indication for further functional study of the GmolOR7 in G. molesta and its role in the detection of host-plant volatiles by insects in general.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"242 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44441507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Trap lure blends that maximize the diversity of captured insect species help to reduce the costs of detection programs that target native and nonnative invasive species of bark and woodboring beetles. In 2007, the effects of the bark beetle pheromones ipsdienol and ipsenol on catches of beetles (Coleoptera) in multiple-funnel traps baited with ethanol + α-pinene were evaluated in a trapping study in one stand of mature loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., in northcentral Georgia. Ipsenol and/or ipsdienol increased catches of Acanthocinus obsoletus (LeConte) and Monochamus titillator (F.) (Cerambycidae), Ips avulsus (Eichhoff), Ips calligraphus (Germar), Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) (Curculionidae), Temnoscheila virescens (F.), and Aulonium tuberculatum (LeConte) (Zopheridae) in traps baited with ethanol and α-pinene. However, catches of most species in traps baited with ipsenol + ipsdienol were the same as those baited with either ipsenol or ipsdienol alone. Only catches of I. avulsus were greatest in traps baited with both ipsdienol and ipsenol. Catches of Thanasimus dubius (F.) (Cleridae), Platysoma spp. (Histeridae), and Lasconotus spp. (Zopheridae) increased with the addition of ipsenol but decreased with the addition of ipsdienol. In contrast, catches of Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff) (Curculionidae) increased with the addition of ipsdienol; attraction was interrupted by the addition of ipsenol. A number of trade-offs exist in retaining ipsdienol and/or ipsenol in the multicomponent pine lure blend for detection programs in Georgia.
{"title":"Should Ipsdienol and Ipsenol Lures be Retained in a Generic Trap Lure Blend for Pine Bark and Woodboring Beetles (Coleoptera) in the Southeastern United States?","authors":"Daniel R. Miller","doi":"10.18474/JES22-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-41","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Trap lure blends that maximize the diversity of captured insect species help to reduce the costs of detection programs that target native and nonnative invasive species of bark and woodboring beetles. In 2007, the effects of the bark beetle pheromones ipsdienol and ipsenol on catches of beetles (Coleoptera) in multiple-funnel traps baited with ethanol + α-pinene were evaluated in a trapping study in one stand of mature loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., in northcentral Georgia. Ipsenol and/or ipsdienol increased catches of Acanthocinus obsoletus (LeConte) and Monochamus titillator (F.) (Cerambycidae), Ips avulsus (Eichhoff), Ips calligraphus (Germar), Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) (Curculionidae), Temnoscheila virescens (F.), and Aulonium tuberculatum (LeConte) (Zopheridae) in traps baited with ethanol and α-pinene. However, catches of most species in traps baited with ipsenol + ipsdienol were the same as those baited with either ipsenol or ipsdienol alone. Only catches of I. avulsus were greatest in traps baited with both ipsdienol and ipsenol. Catches of Thanasimus dubius (F.) (Cleridae), Platysoma spp. (Histeridae), and Lasconotus spp. (Zopheridae) increased with the addition of ipsenol but decreased with the addition of ipsdienol. In contrast, catches of Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff) (Curculionidae) increased with the addition of ipsdienol; attraction was interrupted by the addition of ipsenol. A number of trade-offs exist in retaining ipsdienol and/or ipsenol in the multicomponent pine lure blend for detection programs in Georgia.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"230 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47480310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) is a serious fruit-boring pest in eastern Asia. In China, it is one of the most harmful and common pests in deciduous fruit trees, causing an annual loss of more than a billion yuan. However, economic losses to the jujube industry as a result of C. sasakii damage remain undefined. In this study, we collected related data on C. sasakii, the market price of jujube, and costs of its prevention and management. The potential economic losses of China's jujube industry caused by C. sasakii were predicted using @RISK (Palisade, Raleigh, NC) software and a stochastic simulation method, which is the universal model of potential economic loss assessment for economically important fruit flies. Our results showed that the total economic losses potentially caused by C. sasakii to China's jujube industry are approximately 8,643.41–350,524.15 million RMB (RMB is the legal tender in China; approximately 1,338.00–54,261.14 million USD) if the pest was not managed and approximately 2,487.15–123,242.12 million RMB (about 385.01–19, 077.88 million USD) when management was applied. Therefore, a loss of approximately 841.83–244,144.06 million RMB (approximately 130.32–37,793.50 million USD) can be logically retrieved after controlling this pest. As a result, we suggest that related organizations and pest management practitioners strengthen prevention and control measures of C. sasakii to reduce the risk of economic loss by decreasing the infestation level of C. sasakii in jujube production and, thus, economic losses after infestation.
{"title":"Using @RISK to Determine Potential Economic Losses to Jujube Production in China Resulting from Damage by Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae)","authors":"Yawen Duan, Delin Kang, Zhihong Li, Minglu Yang, Yujia Qin, Haibing Xiao, Lijun Liu","doi":"10.18474/JES22-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/JES22-34","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) is a serious fruit-boring pest in eastern Asia. In China, it is one of the most harmful and common pests in deciduous fruit trees, causing an annual loss of more than a billion yuan. However, economic losses to the jujube industry as a result of C. sasakii damage remain undefined. In this study, we collected related data on C. sasakii, the market price of jujube, and costs of its prevention and management. The potential economic losses of China's jujube industry caused by C. sasakii were predicted using @RISK (Palisade, Raleigh, NC) software and a stochastic simulation method, which is the universal model of potential economic loss assessment for economically important fruit flies. Our results showed that the total economic losses potentially caused by C. sasakii to China's jujube industry are approximately 8,643.41–350,524.15 million RMB (RMB is the legal tender in China; approximately 1,338.00–54,261.14 million USD) if the pest was not managed and approximately 2,487.15–123,242.12 million RMB (about 385.01–19, 077.88 million USD) when management was applied. Therefore, a loss of approximately 841.83–244,144.06 million RMB (approximately 130.32–37,793.50 million USD) can be logically retrieved after controlling this pest. As a result, we suggest that related organizations and pest management practitioners strengthen prevention and control measures of C. sasakii to reduce the risk of economic loss by decreasing the infestation level of C. sasakii in jujube production and, thus, economic losses after infestation.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"201 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43390702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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