El Habib Gaid, Sabrine Chouikhi, Besma Hamrouni Assadi, Kaouthar Grissa Lebdi, M. S. Belkadhi
Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a major pest that causes significant economic losses to date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae), fruit in southern Tunisia and Algeria, where climatic conditions are highly conducive to development of this insect. In our efforts to develop sustainable management alternatives for O. afrasiaticus, essential oils extracted from Lantana camara L. and Ruta chalepensis L. were tested against O. afrasiaticus adult females. Both essential oils exhibited acaricidal activity against O. afrasiaticus in laboratory bioassays of concentration–mortality responses. At 96 h after exposure, the median lethal concentrations were 5,259 μl/ml for the L. camara extract and 3,329 μl/ml for the R. chalepensis extract. Based on median lethal times, the acute toxicity of the extracts against O. afrasiaticus was higher with L. camara than with R. chalepensis at a concentration of 50 µl/ml. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the primary constituents of the essential oil extracted from L. camara were humulene (26.65%), caryophyllene (26.33%), and γ-muurolene (14.22%). The predominant compounds in the essential oil obtained from R. chalepensis were 2-undecanone (50.52%), 2-nonanone (11.27%), and 2-octanol, acetate (9.17%). These two essential oils have potential for development as botanical acaricides for the management of O. afrasiaticus in date palm production in this region.
在突尼斯和阿尔及利亚南部，Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae)是一种主要害虫，对枣椰树（Phoenix dactylifera L.）（Arecales: Arecaceae）果实造成重大经济损失，那里的气候条件非常有利于这种昆虫的发展。为了开发可持续管理非洲鸦雀的替代品，我们测试了从 Lantana camara L. 和 Ruta chalepensis L. 提取的精油对非洲鸦雀雌成虫的作用。在实验室生物测定的浓度-死亡率反应中，这两种精油都表现出了杀螨活性。暴露 96 小时后，L. camara 提取物的中位致死浓度为 5,259 μl/ml，R. chalepensis 提取物的中位致死浓度为 3,329 μl/ml。根据中位致死时间，在 50 µl/ml 的浓度下，L. camara 提取物对 O. afrasiaticus 的急性毒性高于 R. chalepensis 提取物。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，从 L. camara 提取的精油的主要成分是胡柚烯（26.65%）、叶黄素（26.33%）和γ-木榄烯（14.22%）。R. chalepensis 精油中的主要化合物是 2-十一酮（50.52%）、2-壬酮（11.27%）和 2-辛醇乙酸酯（9.17%）。这两种精油具有作为植物杀螨剂的发展潜力，可用于该地区枣椰树生产中非洲栎螨的防治。
{"title":"Acaricidal Activity of Essential Oils from Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) and Ruta chalepensis (Rutaceae) against Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae)1","authors":"El Habib Gaid, Sabrine Chouikhi, Besma Hamrouni Assadi, Kaouthar Grissa Lebdi, M. S. Belkadhi","doi":"10.18474/jes23-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-70","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a major pest that causes significant economic losses to date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae), fruit in southern Tunisia and Algeria, where climatic conditions are highly conducive to development of this insect. In our efforts to develop sustainable management alternatives for O. afrasiaticus, essential oils extracted from Lantana camara L. and Ruta chalepensis L. were tested against O. afrasiaticus adult females. Both essential oils exhibited acaricidal activity against O. afrasiaticus in laboratory bioassays of concentration–mortality responses. At 96 h after exposure, the median lethal concentrations were 5,259 μl/ml for the L. camara extract and 3,329 μl/ml for the R. chalepensis extract. Based on median lethal times, the acute toxicity of the extracts against O. afrasiaticus was higher with L. camara than with R. chalepensis at a concentration of 50 µl/ml. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the primary constituents of the essential oil extracted from L. camara were humulene (26.65%), caryophyllene (26.33%), and γ-muurolene (14.22%). The predominant compounds in the essential oil obtained from R. chalepensis were 2-undecanone (50.52%), 2-nonanone (11.27%), and 2-octanol, acetate (9.17%). These two essential oils have potential for development as botanical acaricides for the management of O. afrasiaticus in date palm production in this region.\u0000","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demise and Recolonization by the Tropical Fire Ant and Other Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a Melon Field in Mexico1","authors":"Lizeth Almendra-Paxtian, S. Sanchez-Peña","doi":"10.18474/jes23-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-75","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maximiliano Vanoye‐Eligio, Paula Viveros Moreno, Blanca del Rosario Martín Canché, María del Carmen Gómez Camal, Félix Alejandra Luna Medina, Ludwin Jaime Estrada Ramírez
In Mexico, a large number of insects are used by indigenous groups for food, medicine, and the arts. The objective of this research was to review and identify edible insects in communities in the municipality of Escarcega, state of Campeche, Mexico. We conducted a literature review and interviewed residents of 12 communities in Escarcega. The interview consisted of questions about insects that they or others may have consumed, the location of collection of those insects, the times of the year when the insects appear, the methods of capture, and the ways that they were used. We determined that 25 insect species are consumed by humans in the 12 communities studied. In the communities of Constitución and Ej. Km. 74, Brachygastra mellifica Say (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) larvae are consumed year-round. Our results serve as a foundation for future research on the use and production of insects for food in rural and indigenous communities in southern Campeche and represent an initial approach to acquiring knowledge for the use of insects as a food source in Campeche to guarantee food security in such communities.
{"title":"Catalog of Insects in Human Diets in Southern Campeche, Mexico1","authors":"Maximiliano Vanoye‐Eligio, Paula Viveros Moreno, Blanca del Rosario Martín Canché, María del Carmen Gómez Camal, Félix Alejandra Luna Medina, Ludwin Jaime Estrada Ramírez","doi":"10.18474/jes23-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-45","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In Mexico, a large number of insects are used by indigenous groups for food, medicine, and the arts. The objective of this research was to review and identify edible insects in communities in the municipality of Escarcega, state of Campeche, Mexico. We conducted a literature review and interviewed residents of 12 communities in Escarcega. The interview consisted of questions about insects that they or others may have consumed, the location of collection of those insects, the times of the year when the insects appear, the methods of capture, and the ways that they were used. We determined that 25 insect species are consumed by humans in the 12 communities studied. In the communities of Constitución and Ej. Km. 74, Brachygastra mellifica Say (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) larvae are consumed year-round. Our results serve as a foundation for future research on the use and production of insects for food in rural and indigenous communities in southern Campeche and represent an initial approach to acquiring knowledge for the use of insects as a food source in Campeche to guarantee food security in such communities.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.18474/0749-8004-59.1.86
Cristina Pisani, Ted E. Cottrell
{"title":"Impact of Pecan Leafroll Mite (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Pecan Foliage","authors":"Cristina Pisani, Ted E. Cottrell","doi":"10.18474/0749-8004-59.1.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-59.1.86","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shanshan Gao, Dongyu Li, Can Zhou, Min Zhu, Yong-lei Zhang, Ruimin Li, Kunpeng Zhang
Evidence is accumulating that insect epsilon class glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in the resistance to xenobiotics such as insecticides. A Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) epsilon class GST gene, TcGSTe17, was previously found to be significantly induced following exposure to the plant derivative eucalyptol. However, whether TcGSTe17 is involved in resistance to eucalyptol remains unclear. In this study, TcGSTe17 was cloned from the T. castaneum. Development stage expression profiling revealed that TcGSTe17 was expressed at all development stages of T. castaneum but was highly expressed in late-stage larvae. Subsequent expression profiling of tissues showed that TcGSTe17 was highly expressed in the gut of larvae and the fat body of adults, and also revealed gender-specific expression patterns. In addition, the transcripts of TcGSTe17 were significantly increased following exposure to eucalyptol, and RNAi increased the susceptibility of the beetles to eucalyptol. Collectively, these results suggest that TcGSTe17 contributes to the susceptibility of T. castaneum to eucalyptol. These findings provide new data for the prevention of pest resistance.
{"title":"An Epsilon Class Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Contributes to the Phytochemical Susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)1","authors":"Shanshan Gao, Dongyu Li, Can Zhou, Min Zhu, Yong-lei Zhang, Ruimin Li, Kunpeng Zhang","doi":"10.18474/jes23-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-71","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Evidence is accumulating that insect epsilon class glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in the resistance to xenobiotics such as insecticides. A Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) epsilon class GST gene, TcGSTe17, was previously found to be significantly induced following exposure to the plant derivative eucalyptol. However, whether TcGSTe17 is involved in resistance to eucalyptol remains unclear. In this study, TcGSTe17 was cloned from the T. castaneum. Development stage expression profiling revealed that TcGSTe17 was expressed at all development stages of T. castaneum but was highly expressed in late-stage larvae. Subsequent expression profiling of tissues showed that TcGSTe17 was highly expressed in the gut of larvae and the fat body of adults, and also revealed gender-specific expression patterns. In addition, the transcripts of TcGSTe17 were significantly increased following exposure to eucalyptol, and RNAi increased the susceptibility of the beetles to eucalyptol. Collectively, these results suggest that TcGSTe17 contributes to the susceptibility of T. castaneum to eucalyptol. These findings provide new data for the prevention of pest resistance.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Wongsawas, Darika Bunphan, R. Wanna, Hakan Bozdoğan
Maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major insect pest of stored grain products, causing extensive damage to both grain quantity and quality. The application of synthetic insecticides to control this insect has a negative impact on human health and the environment. Essential oils derived from natural plants are recognized as user- and environmentally friendly alternatives. The use of essential oils from Lamiaceae, which exhibit toxic properties through contact, fumigation, and repellency, provides another option for protecting stored products from various insect pests. The aim of this research was to study the chemical constituents and insecticidal activity of essential oil extracted from the leaves of Indian borage, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), against S. zeamais adults.The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the insecticidal activity against adult maize weevils was investigated in the laboratory. The experimental plan followed a completely randomized design with five replications of seven treatments or concentrations of the essential oil: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 µl/ml air. The results revealed that the essential oil from the leaves of P. amboinicus contained 23 chemical constituents (97.51%). Thymol (49.96%) was identified as the main compound followed by caryophyllene, trans-α-bergamotene, 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, caryophyllene oxide, humulene, 4-hydroxy-2-methylacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-phenylbutyramide, (2-oxazolidinylidene)malononitrile, hexestrol, terpinen-4-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, (1R,7S,E)-7-isopropyl-4,10-dimethylenecyclodec-5-enol, α-bisabolene, isoaromadendrene epoxide, α-farnesene, 4-carene, α-muurolene, 3-hexen-1-ol, ledene oxide-(II), and α-myrcene, respectively. The fumigation toxicity (median lethal concentration) to maize weevil adults at 48 h was 292.53 µl/ml air. The essential oil from the leaves of P. amboinicus, when applied at a concentration of 2 µl/ml air for 144 and 168 h, resulted in adult maize weevil mortality exceeding 90%. The highest concentration tested (3 µl/ml air) led to exceptionally high mortality rates, with 99–100% of the maize weevils succumbing to the treatment. These findings demonstrate that essential oil from P. amboinicus leaves holds promise as a fumigation insecticide for reducing the population of maize weevils, a significant pest in stored products.
{"title":"Toxicity of Essential Oil from Plectranthus amboinicus (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)1","authors":"M. Wongsawas, Darika Bunphan, R. Wanna, Hakan Bozdoğan","doi":"10.18474/jes23-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-63","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major insect pest of stored grain products, causing extensive damage to both grain quantity and quality. The application of synthetic insecticides to control this insect has a negative impact on human health and the environment. Essential oils derived from natural plants are recognized as user- and environmentally friendly alternatives. The use of essential oils from Lamiaceae, which exhibit toxic properties through contact, fumigation, and repellency, provides another option for protecting stored products from various insect pests. The aim of this research was to study the chemical constituents and insecticidal activity of essential oil extracted from the leaves of Indian borage, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), against S. zeamais adults.The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the insecticidal activity against adult maize weevils was investigated in the laboratory. The experimental plan followed a completely randomized design with five replications of seven treatments or concentrations of the essential oil: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 µl/ml air. The results revealed that the essential oil from the leaves of P. amboinicus contained 23 chemical constituents (97.51%). Thymol (49.96%) was identified as the main compound followed by caryophyllene, trans-α-bergamotene, 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, caryophyllene oxide, humulene, 4-hydroxy-2-methylacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-phenylbutyramide, (2-oxazolidinylidene)malononitrile, hexestrol, terpinen-4-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, (1R,7S,E)-7-isopropyl-4,10-dimethylenecyclodec-5-enol, α-bisabolene, isoaromadendrene epoxide, α-farnesene, 4-carene, α-muurolene, 3-hexen-1-ol, ledene oxide-(II), and α-myrcene, respectively. The fumigation toxicity (median lethal concentration) to maize weevil adults at 48 h was 292.53 µl/ml air. The essential oil from the leaves of P. amboinicus, when applied at a concentration of 2 µl/ml air for 144 and 168 h, resulted in adult maize weevil mortality exceeding 90%. The highest concentration tested (3 µl/ml air) led to exceptionally high mortality rates, with 99–100% of the maize weevils succumbing to the treatment. These findings demonstrate that essential oil from P. amboinicus leaves holds promise as a fumigation insecticide for reducing the population of maize weevils, a significant pest in stored products.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major pest of stored grains that feeds on and develops inside the grain. The trehalose analog validamycin has a strong inhibitory effect on insect trehalase. Studies have found that validamycin affects several insects; however, no information is available on its inhibitory and physiological effects on these insects. In this study, validamycin’s inhibitory effect on trehalase was examined by incorporating it into artificial seeds and feeding them to S. zeamais. Trehalase activity was recorded throughout the developmental stages of the exposed weevils and was highest in the larval followed by adult, pupal, and egg stages. We found that feeding adult S. zeamais artificial seeds containing validamycin resulted in a significant reduction of trehalase activity in both males and females, although the primary source of trehalase was in the intestinal tract rather than in the reproductive organs. The validamycin treatment also had a concentration-dependent lethal effect, resulting in approximately 90% mortality, with females being more susceptible than males. In addition, the validamycin treatment caused a significant reduction in the number of first-generation progeny and S. zeamais demonstrated delayed development in a concentration-dependent manner. These data show that validamycin influences trehalase enzyme activity, reproductive success, and development of S. zeamais. The results obtained from this research will be valuable tools for designing a control strategy.
{"title":"Suppression of Trehalase Activity by Validamycin Induces Mortality and Developmental Delays in Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)1","authors":"Orathai Wangsantitham, Paweena Pothong, Jatuporn Tungjitwitayakul, Nujira Tatun","doi":"10.18474/jes23-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-62","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major pest of stored grains that feeds on and develops inside the grain. The trehalose analog validamycin has a strong inhibitory effect on insect trehalase. Studies have found that validamycin affects several insects; however, no information is available on its inhibitory and physiological effects on these insects. In this study, validamycin’s inhibitory effect on trehalase was examined by incorporating it into artificial seeds and feeding them to S. zeamais. Trehalase activity was recorded throughout the developmental stages of the exposed weevils and was highest in the larval followed by adult, pupal, and egg stages. We found that feeding adult S. zeamais artificial seeds containing validamycin resulted in a significant reduction of trehalase activity in both males and females, although the primary source of trehalase was in the intestinal tract rather than in the reproductive organs. The validamycin treatment also had a concentration-dependent lethal effect, resulting in approximately 90% mortality, with females being more susceptible than males. In addition, the validamycin treatment caused a significant reduction in the number of first-generation progeny and S. zeamais demonstrated delayed development in a concentration-dependent manner. These data show that validamycin influences trehalase enzyme activity, reproductive success, and development of S. zeamais. The results obtained from this research will be valuable tools for designing a control strategy.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dumas Gálvez, Milexi Molinar, Carlos Ramos, Carmen Indira Espino
The assumption that the invertebrate immune system lacks memory and specificity has changed over time: many studies now indicate that a primary exposure of the host to a pathogen increases its resistance to a subsequent lethal challenge, a phenomenon known as immune priming. One group of insects in which immune priming has been little investigated is the hematophagous triatomine bugs. Herein, we tested the capability of the kissing bug Rhodnius pallescens Barber (Hemiptera: Reduviidae; hereafter kissing bugs), the vector of Chagas disease, to resist entomopathogenic fungi. Laboratory kissing bugs free of Wolbachia and Trypanosoma spp. as well as kissing bugs collected from the wild were used for tests with the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). Against laboratory kissing bugs, the fungus remained virulent for 94 d, indicating long-term viability. Kissing bugs collected from the wild that were exposed to a nonlethal dose of the fungus did not show increased survival against a lethal dose compared with controls inoculated with the lethal dose. However, kissing bugs inoculated with a nonlethal dose had higher levels of total phenoloxidase than control kissing bugs. Although the fungus activates the immune system of the kissing bugs, other variables may influence survival in the face of infection. Moreover, the lethality of the same strain was lower against wild kissing bugs, suggesting that the presence of symbionts or parasites influence the fungus–triatome (host) interaction. This work is one of the few studies that have investigated the fungus–host interaction in terms of immune priming in a hematophagous insect of public health importance. Implications are discussed.
{"title":"A Test of Immune Priming in the Kissing Bug Rhodnius pallescens (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) against the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) in Panama1","authors":"Dumas Gálvez, Milexi Molinar, Carlos Ramos, Carmen Indira Espino","doi":"10.18474/jes23-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-43","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The assumption that the invertebrate immune system lacks memory and specificity has changed over time: many studies now indicate that a primary exposure of the host to a pathogen increases its resistance to a subsequent lethal challenge, a phenomenon known as immune priming. One group of insects in which immune priming has been little investigated is the hematophagous triatomine bugs. Herein, we tested the capability of the kissing bug Rhodnius pallescens Barber (Hemiptera: Reduviidae; hereafter kissing bugs), the vector of Chagas disease, to resist entomopathogenic fungi. Laboratory kissing bugs free of Wolbachia and Trypanosoma spp. as well as kissing bugs collected from the wild were used for tests with the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). Against laboratory kissing bugs, the fungus remained virulent for 94 d, indicating long-term viability. Kissing bugs collected from the wild that were exposed to a nonlethal dose of the fungus did not show increased survival against a lethal dose compared with controls inoculated with the lethal dose. However, kissing bugs inoculated with a nonlethal dose had higher levels of total phenoloxidase than control kissing bugs. Although the fungus activates the immune system of the kissing bugs, other variables may influence survival in the face of infection. Moreover, the lethality of the same strain was lower against wild kissing bugs, suggesting that the presence of symbionts or parasites influence the fungus–triatome (host) interaction. This work is one of the few studies that have investigated the fungus–host interaction in terms of immune priming in a hematophagous insect of public health importance. Implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dalia E. El-Hefny, EL-Desoky S. Ibrahim, Nawal Abdulaziz Alfuhaid, Adrien Fónagy, M. Moustafa
Field efficacy trials determined that flonicamid was more effective than spiromesifen and the negative control compound acetamiprid against Aphis craccivora Koch on faba bean, Vicia faba L. Flonicamid and spiromesifen residues in bean tissue and in soil were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using a spike level of 0.1–1 mg/kg, the recovery of flonicamid from bean tissue was 89.2% and from soil 81.4%. Spiromesifen recovery was 99.4% from bean and 90.3% from soil. The relative standard deviations ranged from 2.54 to 8.14%. According to the dissipation kinetics, the half-life of flonicamid residue in beans was 1.93 d and 1.96 d in soil, while that of spiromesifen in beans was 2.35 d and in 2.59 d in soil.
{"title":"Residual Effect of the Insecticides Flonicamid and Spiromesifen against Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Persistence Dynamics in Faba Bean1","authors":"Dalia E. El-Hefny, EL-Desoky S. Ibrahim, Nawal Abdulaziz Alfuhaid, Adrien Fónagy, M. Moustafa","doi":"10.18474/jes23-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-39","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Field efficacy trials determined that flonicamid was more effective than spiromesifen and the negative control compound acetamiprid against Aphis craccivora Koch on faba bean, Vicia faba L. Flonicamid and spiromesifen residues in bean tissue and in soil were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using a spike level of 0.1–1 mg/kg, the recovery of flonicamid from bean tissue was 89.2% and from soil 81.4%. Spiromesifen recovery was 99.4% from bean and 90.3% from soil. The relative standard deviations ranged from 2.54 to 8.14%. According to the dissipation kinetics, the half-life of flonicamid residue in beans was 1.93 d and 1.96 d in soil, while that of spiromesifen in beans was 2.35 d and in 2.59 d in soil.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Olazaran-Santibañez, Rapucel T. Q. Heinz-Castro, Gildardo Rivera, M. Rocandio-Rodríguez, Diana V. Navarrete-Carriola, C. C. Zapata-Campos, Y. D. R. Moreno-Ramírez, J. C. Chacón-Hernández
Tetranychus merganser Boudreaux (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most economically important mite pests of papaya (Carica papaya L.) crops grown along the Gulf of México. Control of this mite depends mainly on chemical insecticides. This research aims to evaluate the effects of different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 15% [v/v]) of the ethanolic extract of Magnolia alejandrae García-Morales and Iamonico (Magnoliaceae) leaves on T. merganser adult females, as well as to obtain information about the chemical composition of the extract. The ethanolic extracts contained some phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, ketones, terpenes, and quinones. Females treated with 0.1 and 15% (v/v) of the extract showed mortality of 0.0% and 33.3% at 72 h, respectively, as compared to the control treatment. The mites treated with 15% (v/v) of the extract decreased their oviposition rate (5.90, 5.35, and 4.77 eggs/female), compared to the control treatment (13.27, 13.95, and 14.39 eggs/female) at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, which led to a reduction in the growth rate. The feeding damage caused by T. merganser was reduced at high concentrations. Magnolia alejandrae leaf ethanolic extract has potential for development as a control agent for T. merganser.
{"title":"Evaluation of Ethanol Extract of Magnolia alejandrae (Magnoliales: Magnoliaceae) against Tetranychus merganser (Acari: Tetranychidae)1","authors":"F. Olazaran-Santibañez, Rapucel T. Q. Heinz-Castro, Gildardo Rivera, M. Rocandio-Rodríguez, Diana V. Navarrete-Carriola, C. C. Zapata-Campos, Y. D. R. Moreno-Ramírez, J. C. Chacón-Hernández","doi":"10.18474/jes23-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18474/jes23-58","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Tetranychus merganser Boudreaux (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most economically important mite pests of papaya (Carica papaya L.) crops grown along the Gulf of México. Control of this mite depends mainly on chemical insecticides. This research aims to evaluate the effects of different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 15% [v/v]) of the ethanolic extract of Magnolia alejandrae García-Morales and Iamonico (Magnoliaceae) leaves on T. merganser adult females, as well as to obtain information about the chemical composition of the extract. The ethanolic extracts contained some phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, ketones, terpenes, and quinones. Females treated with 0.1 and 15% (v/v) of the extract showed mortality of 0.0% and 33.3% at 72 h, respectively, as compared to the control treatment. The mites treated with 15% (v/v) of the extract decreased their oviposition rate (5.90, 5.35, and 4.77 eggs/female), compared to the control treatment (13.27, 13.95, and 14.39 eggs/female) at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, which led to a reduction in the growth rate. The feeding damage caused by T. merganser was reduced at high concentrations. Magnolia alejandrae leaf ethanolic extract has potential for development as a control agent for T. merganser.","PeriodicalId":15765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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