Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-08-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.027
Hao Na, Shaojie Yang, Jianwei Zheng, Jingxuan Yang, Fu Li, Xiangli Nan, Wangjin Yang, Chong Han
The physicochemical properties of organic carbon (OC) produced by three typical coals were systematically characterized, including light absorption property, oxidative potential (OP) and chemical composition. OC originating from the smoldering phase exhibited stronger wavelength dependence, while OC emitted from the flaming phase owned higher light absorption capacity. The DTTm (8.49–16.44 pmol/(min⋅µg)) of OC from the flaming phase was approximately 2–3 times of the DTTm (3.90–6.79 pmol/(min⋅µg)) of OC from the smoldering phase. The OP of OC significantly correlated with its ability to catalyze the formation of ·O2-. The disparity in OC light absorption property can be primarily attributed to the different relative content of aromatic groups (aromatic C=O, phenol C–O and aromatic C–H), and the functional groups (C=O, ether C–O and nitro C–NO2) with strong electron transfer capacity were the main contributors to the OP of OC. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives were crucial molecular components for the light absorption property and OP of OC.
{"title":"Light absorption property, oxidative potential and chemical composition of organic carbon emitted from the combustion of representative coals in China","authors":"Hao Na, Shaojie Yang, Jianwei Zheng, Jingxuan Yang, Fu Li, Xiangli Nan, Wangjin Yang, Chong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physicochemical properties of organic carbon (OC) produced by three typical coals were systematically characterized, including light absorption property, oxidative potential (OP) and chemical composition. OC originating from the smoldering phase exhibited stronger wavelength dependence, while OC emitted from the flaming phase owned higher light absorption capacity. The DTT<sub>m</sub> (8.49–16.44 pmol/(min⋅µg)) of OC from the flaming phase was approximately 2–3 times of the DTT<sub>m</sub> (3.90–6.79 pmol/(min⋅µg)) of OC from the smoldering phase. The OP of OC significantly correlated with its ability to catalyze the formation of ·O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>. The disparity in OC light absorption property can be primarily attributed to the different relative content of aromatic groups (aromatic C=O, phenol C–O and aromatic C–H), and the functional groups (C=O, ether C–O and nitro C–NO<sub>2</sub>) with strong electron transfer capacity were the main contributors to the OP of OC. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives were crucial molecular components for the light absorption property and OP of OC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 534-542"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.060
Haihong Xiong , Yue Yin , Xuedan Cui , Wenting Dai , Jihong Dong , Xuedong Wang , Guilan Duan
Coal mining activities have been demonstrated to result in substantial environmental contamination, posing severe risks to surrounding soil ecosystems. However, the interaction between microbial community structure and environmental factors in coal mining areas remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the health status of soils and the effects of heavy metals on microbial community structure in coal mining areas through comprehensive soil health assessments and sequencing. Our findings revealed that soils impacted by mining activities exhibited low soil health index values, with health grades ranging from moderate to poor. Active biomarkers including Gemmatimonadota (phylum), Patescibacteria (phylum), and Saccharimonadia were highly enriched in mine soils, with some developing metal tolerance. Additionally, potential pathogenic bacteria, including MND1, Bacillus, and Pannonibacter, and potential pathogenic fungi including Fusarium and Alternaria, showed significantly higher abundance in these soils. Heavy metal concentrations, particularly Cu and As, were strongly correlated with the distribution of certain bacterial genera, alongside variations in soil physicochemical properties, including C/N ratios and organic matter content. These findings demonstrate complex relationships among heavy metal pollution, soil properties, and microbial communities, underlining the potential risks posed by mining activities to soil health and agricultural productivity in affected regions.
{"title":"Impacts of coal mining on heavy metal concentration and microbial community composition in surrounding soils","authors":"Haihong Xiong , Yue Yin , Xuedan Cui , Wenting Dai , Jihong Dong , Xuedong Wang , Guilan Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal mining activities have been demonstrated to result in substantial environmental contamination, posing severe risks to surrounding soil ecosystems. However, the interaction between microbial community structure and environmental factors in coal mining areas remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the health status of soils and the effects of heavy metals on microbial community structure in coal mining areas through comprehensive soil health assessments and sequencing. Our findings revealed that soils impacted by mining activities exhibited low soil health index values, with health grades ranging from moderate to poor. Active biomarkers including Gemmatimonadota (phylum), Patescibacteria (phylum), and <em>Saccharimonadia</em> were highly enriched in mine soils, with some developing metal tolerance. Additionally, potential pathogenic bacteria, including MND1, <em>Bacillus</em>, and <em>Pannonibacter</em>, and potential pathogenic fungi including <em>Fusarium</em> and <em>Alternaria</em>, showed significantly higher abundance in these soils. Heavy metal concentrations, particularly Cu and As, were strongly correlated with the distribution of certain bacterial genera, alongside variations in soil physicochemical properties, including C/N ratios and organic matter content. These findings demonstrate complex relationships among heavy metal pollution, soil properties, and microbial communities, underlining the potential risks posed by mining activities to soil health and agricultural productivity in affected regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 465-475"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.04.077
Luyao Jin , Yonghui Ni , Xiaoli Liu , Zhaofeng Li , Xiaoyan Xu , Qingzhu Li , Zhihui Yang , Lin Luo , Xiande Xie
Field sampling and flux monitoring were jointly applied to evaluate how the intensive smelting and mining affected the heavy metal (HM in short) transfer to soils in Shuikoushan, China. Mining and smelting resulted in both the increase of HMs contents and their environmental availability. The closer to the smelting and mining center within the distance of 8.0 km, the more obvious HMs accumulation. Smelting and mining also led to the soil acidification. Soil parent materials, agricultural activities, mining-related activities, and smelting activities were the main sources of HMs in soil. Mining and smelting were the main sources of Cd (86.7 %), As (46.5 %), Cu (56.4 %), Pb (88.8 %), and Zn (60.8 %) in surface soil. Soil parent materials and historical mining contributed ∼70 % of the HMs in deep soils. Agricultural use of arsenic-containing fertilizer was also an important source of soil arsenic. Atmospheric deposition impacted by smelting and mining had become the main route of HM input to soil. 30.8 % of the local adults could suffer from the carcinogenic risk at an unacceptable level (10−4) due to the long-term exposure of soil HMs. Cd and As were the two main risk factors. Results obtained indicated that smelting and mining could constant increase the accumulation and environmental availabilities of HMs in soils under the current regulation policies. Further studies are necessary to quantify these negative impacts and as well to develop the effective countermeasures to reduce the soil HM content.
{"title":"Sources, flux, and potential risks of heavy metals in soils around the smelting and mining area","authors":"Luyao Jin , Yonghui Ni , Xiaoli Liu , Zhaofeng Li , Xiaoyan Xu , Qingzhu Li , Zhihui Yang , Lin Luo , Xiande Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.04.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.04.077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Field sampling and flux monitoring were jointly applied to evaluate how the intensive smelting and mining affected the heavy metal (HM in short) transfer to soils in Shuikoushan, China. Mining and smelting resulted in both the increase of HMs contents and their environmental availability. The closer to the smelting and mining center within the distance of 8.0 km, the more obvious HMs accumulation. Smelting and mining also led to the soil acidification. Soil parent materials, agricultural activities, mining-related activities, and smelting activities were the main sources of HMs in soil. Mining and smelting were the main sources of Cd (86.7 %), As (46.5 %), Cu (56.4 %), Pb (88.8 %), and Zn (60.8 %) in surface soil. Soil parent materials and historical mining contributed ∼70 % of the HMs in deep soils. Agricultural use of arsenic-containing fertilizer was also an important source of soil arsenic. Atmospheric deposition impacted by smelting and mining had become the main route of HM input to soil. 30.8 % of the local adults could suffer from the carcinogenic risk at an unacceptable level (10<sup>−4</sup>) due to the long-term exposure of soil HMs. Cd and As were the two main risk factors. Results obtained indicated that smelting and mining could constant increase the accumulation and environmental availabilities of HMs in soils under the current regulation policies. Further studies are necessary to quantify these negative impacts and as well to develop the effective countermeasures to reduce the soil HM content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 343-354"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.11.055
Xin Xu , Yingxiao Ma , Lili An , Feng Yan , Ruihua Dai
The environmental risks from endocrine disrupting chemicals increase globally, especially in eutrophic waters where the complex interactions among algae, nutrients and endocrine disrupting chemicals. Therefore, the interactions of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) with varying nitrogen levels on Microcystis aeruginosawere comprehensively investigated. This study focuses on the effects of different nitrogen levels (2, 20 and 50 mg/L) and EE2 (200 μg/L) on the physiological and transcriptomic changes in M. aeruginosa. The results show that combination of EE2 and nitrogen significantly reduces the cell density of M. aeruginosa, especially in the nitrogen level of 2 mg/L combined with EE2 where inhibition rates were up to 59.40 % within 10 days. The chlorophyll-a content of M. aeruginosa exposed to EE2 is positively correlated with nitrogen levels and cell growth. The EE2 exposure stimulates the antioxidant enzyme activity of M. aeruginosa, accompanied by oxidative damage to proteins. Additionally, the synthesis and release of microcystins (MCs) were promoted under the nitrogen level of 20 mg/L combined with EE2. The transcript analysis demonstrated that genes related to nitrogen metabolism are down-regulated, while genes associated with the photosynthetic reaction center and algal chlorophyll proteins are up-regulated. These findings reveal the effects of EE2 and nitrogen concentration variations on the physiology and mechanisms of toxic algae, particularly in promoting the production and release of MCs, thereby exacerbating environmental risks in aquatic systems.
{"title":"Combined exposure of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and nitrogen: Effects on the physiology of Microcystis aeruginosa and mechanistic insights","authors":"Xin Xu , Yingxiao Ma , Lili An , Feng Yan , Ruihua Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.11.055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.11.055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The environmental risks from endocrine disrupting chemicals increase globally, especially in eutrophic waters where the complex interactions among algae, nutrients and endocrine disrupting chemicals. Therefore, the interactions of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) with varying nitrogen levels on <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em>were comprehensively investigated. This study focuses on the effects of different nitrogen levels (2, 20 and 50 mg/L) and EE2 (200 μg/L) on the physiological and transcriptomic changes in <em>M. aeruginosa</em>. The results show that combination of EE2 and nitrogen significantly reduces the cell density of <em>M. aeruginosa</em>, especially in the nitrogen level of 2 mg/L combined with EE2 where inhibition rates were up to 59.40 % within 10 days. The chlorophyll-a content of <em>M. aeruginosa</em> exposed to EE2 is positively correlated with nitrogen levels and cell growth. The EE2 exposure stimulates the antioxidant enzyme activity of <em>M. aeruginosa</em>, accompanied by oxidative damage to proteins. Additionally, the synthesis and release of microcystins (MCs) were promoted under the nitrogen level of 20 mg/L combined with EE2. The transcript analysis demonstrated that genes related to nitrogen metabolism are down-regulated, while genes associated with the photosynthetic reaction center and algal chlorophyll proteins are up-regulated. These findings reveal the effects of EE2 and nitrogen concentration variations on the physiology and mechanisms of toxic algae, particularly in promoting the production and release of MCs, thereby exacerbating environmental risks in aquatic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 164-175"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-07-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.054
Linping Shi , Zhimin Gong , Minjie Xie , Wen Shao , Houru Cheng , Shixiang Gao
Polyurethane (PU) is a type of widely used plastics. However, its raw materials, diisocyanates, are highly carcinogenic, rendering potential hazard of released PU microplastics (MPs) and leachates throughout its lifecycle. This study used foam polyurethane (PU-S) and leather polyurethane (PU-L) as representatives of polyether-based (EPU) and polyester-based (SPU) polyurethanes, respectively, to investigate the photodegradation behavior of PU and the impact of soft segment composition on its overall degradation process. A series of physical and chemical characterizations demonstrated that PU-S degraded faster than PU-L, showing a greater propensity for further fragmentation and aging. Moreover, after 300 h aging, the cumulative total organic carbon (TOC) release of PU-S exceeded that of PU-L by 58.9 ± 2.52 mg/g, which might be attributed to the decarboxylation reaction in the polyester structure of PU-L that imparted the resistance of PU to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and resulted in delayed aging characteristics. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy revealed differences in functional group changes, elucidating the disparities in aging reaction procedure between PU-S and PU-L. Additionally, PU-S released more nanoscale plastic particles and dissolved organic matter (DOM) than PU-L. These findings provide insights into the photodegradation of non-olefinic MPs and offer a theoretical basis for understanding and mitigating PU MPs pollution.
{"title":"Photodegradation behavior of different polyurethane: A comparison study of foam and leather","authors":"Linping Shi , Zhimin Gong , Minjie Xie , Wen Shao , Houru Cheng , Shixiang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyurethane (PU) is a type of widely used plastics. However, its raw materials, diisocyanates, are highly carcinogenic, rendering potential hazard of released PU microplastics (MPs) and leachates throughout its lifecycle. This study used foam polyurethane (PU-S) and leather polyurethane (PU-L) as representatives of polyether-based (EPU) and polyester-based (SPU) polyurethanes, respectively, to investigate the photodegradation behavior of PU and the impact of soft segment composition on its overall degradation process. A series of physical and chemical characterizations demonstrated that PU-S degraded faster than PU-L, showing a greater propensity for further fragmentation and aging. Moreover, after 300 h aging, the cumulative total organic carbon (TOC) release of PU-S exceeded that of PU-L by 58.9 ± 2.52 mg/g, which might be attributed to the decarboxylation reaction in the polyester structure of PU-L that imparted the resistance of PU to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and resulted in delayed aging characteristics. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy revealed differences in functional group changes, elucidating the disparities in aging reaction procedure between PU-S and PU-L. Additionally, PU-S released more nanoscale plastic particles and dissolved organic matter (DOM) than PU-L. These findings provide insights into the photodegradation of non-olefinic MPs and offer a theoretical basis for understanding and mitigating PU MPs pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.073
Qiang Li , Ying Cao , Liansheng He , Cunfu Gao , Tian Meng , Yafeng Liu , Xiaoxue Liu
Comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal distributions, homolog patterns, ecological risks, and driving mechanisms of short-chained chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chained chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) in Chinese soils and sediments is crucial for pollution identification and risk control. This study collected and analyzed literature published from 2011 to 2024, including information on SCCPs and MCCPs in soils and sediments from about 130 cities in 32 provinces of China. The results showed that SCCP and MCCP contamination in soils was mainly low-risk. In contrast, the sediment results were mainly medium-risk, with medium- and high-risk sites primarily distributed in China's eastern and central provinces. From 2006 to 2022, the contents of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in soils and sediments in the study cases in China showed a gradual upward trend in general, and the accumulation of SCCPs showed a stable or decreasing trend from about 2015. In Chinese soils and sediments, the proportion of CP congeners with shorter carbon chains was more significant, among which C10 and C14 were the main carbon congeners of SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively. According to the geodetector, the accumulation of SCCPs and MCCPs was influenced by a combination of pollution sources, diffusion pathways, and receptor attributes, with population density, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and soil type being the main drivers. These results provided a reference for the changing characteristics and influencing factors of SCCP and MCCP contamination in soils and sediments nationwide.
{"title":"Short- and medium-chained chlorinated paraffins in soils and sediments in China: Spatiotemporal distributions, ecological risks, and driving mechanisms","authors":"Qiang Li , Ying Cao , Liansheng He , Cunfu Gao , Tian Meng , Yafeng Liu , Xiaoxue Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal distributions, homolog patterns, ecological risks, and driving mechanisms of short-chained chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chained chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) in Chinese soils and sediments is crucial for pollution identification and risk control. This study collected and analyzed literature published from 2011 to 2024, including information on SCCPs and MCCPs in soils and sediments from about 130 cities in 32 provinces of China. The results showed that SCCP and MCCP contamination in soils was mainly low-risk. In contrast, the sediment results were mainly medium-risk, with medium- and high-risk sites primarily distributed in China's eastern and central provinces. From 2006 to 2022, the contents of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in soils and sediments in the study cases in China showed a gradual upward trend in general, and the accumulation of SCCPs showed a stable or decreasing trend from about 2015. In Chinese soils and sediments, the proportion of CP congeners with shorter carbon chains was more significant, among which C10 and C14 were the main carbon congeners of SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively. According to the geodetector, the accumulation of SCCPs and MCCPs was influenced by a combination of pollution sources, diffusion pathways, and receptor attributes, with population density, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and soil type being the main drivers. These results provided a reference for the changing characteristics and influencing factors of SCCP and MCCP contamination in soils and sediments nationwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 209-219"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.007
Xiaoming Liu , Jie Zhang , Zhengyu Lu , Qingzhi Ge , Shekou Wang , Donglin Chen , Mindong Chen , Yan Cui
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key precursors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone (O3) formation. In this study, 114 VOCs were continuously online measured in Wuxi, from March 2022 to February 2023. Annual data revealed clear seasonal variation in VOCs concentrations, the lowest in autumn (29.78 ± 12.21 ppbv) and the highest in winter (37.63 ± 15.85 ppbv). Alkanes (36.40 %) and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs, 32.94 %) dominated annually. Diurnal variation in VOCs species (e.g., alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, and halohydrocarbons) was similar to total VOCs (TVOCs) and presented bimodal patterns. OVOCs contributed the most to ozone formation potential (OFP, 42.2 %-51.7 %) and OH loss rate (LOH, 43.97 %-51.14 %). Aromatics accounted for 95.9 %–96.9 % of SOA formation potential (SOAFP), with toluene, m/p-xylene, and benzene being the dominant species. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) revealed vehicular exhaust (20 %) and fuel combustion (28 %) were the major VOCs sources. Seasonally, fuel combustion contributions peaked in winter (35 %) due to heating activities, while biogenic emissions (10 %) were prominent in summer. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) results emphasized winter VOCs mainly from local emissions (short-distance transport within the province, 40.49 %), contrasting with minor regional contributions (< 15 %). From empirical kinetics modelling approach (EKMA), the O3 formation is more dominated by VOCs control while it featured the transitional regime in the summer. According to the relative incremental reactivity (RIR), limiting anthropogenic VOCs emissions was an effective way to mitigate O3 pollution, while blindly reducing NOx may aggravate O3 pollution. The results provide an important scientific basis for Wuxi to formulate corresponding O3 pollution control strategies.
{"title":"Characteristics, source apportionment, and secondary transformation of volatile organic compounds during different seasons at an urban site in southeast China","authors":"Xiaoming Liu , Jie Zhang , Zhengyu Lu , Qingzhi Ge , Shekou Wang , Donglin Chen , Mindong Chen , Yan Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key precursors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) formation. In this study, 114 VOCs were continuously online measured in Wuxi, from March 2022 to February 2023. Annual data revealed clear seasonal variation in VOCs concentrations, the lowest in autumn (29.78 ± 12.21 ppbv) and the highest in winter (37.63 ± 15.85 ppbv). Alkanes (36.40 %) and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs, 32.94 %) dominated annually. Diurnal variation in VOCs species (e.g., alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, and halohydrocarbons) was similar to total VOCs (TVOCs) and presented bimodal patterns. OVOCs contributed the most to ozone formation potential (OFP, 42.2 %-51.7 %) and OH loss rate (L<sub>OH</sub>, 43.97 %-51.14 %). Aromatics accounted for 95.9 %–96.9 % of SOA formation potential (SOAFP), with toluene, m/p-xylene, and benzene being the dominant species. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) revealed vehicular exhaust (20 %) and fuel combustion (28 %) were the major VOCs sources. Seasonally, fuel combustion contributions peaked in winter (35 %) due to heating activities, while biogenic emissions (10 %) were prominent in summer. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) results emphasized winter VOCs mainly from local emissions (short-distance transport within the province, 40.49 %), contrasting with minor regional contributions (< 15 %). From empirical kinetics modelling approach (EKMA), the O<sub>3</sub> formation is more dominated by VOCs control while it featured the transitional regime in the summer. According to the relative incremental reactivity (RIR), limiting anthropogenic VOCs emissions was an effective way to mitigate O<sub>3</sub> pollution, while blindly reducing NO<sub>x</sub> may aggravate O<sub>3</sub> pollution. The results provide an important scientific basis for Wuxi to formulate corresponding O<sub>3</sub> pollution control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 696-709"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-04-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.04.068
Taobing Yu , Lang Cheng , Pin Wang , Lei Yang , Tengxiang Lian , Huadong Zang , Zhaohai Zeng , Yadong Yang
Increased crop diversity can alter soil nitrogen (N) levels, soil properties, and functional microbial communities, leading to changes in potential nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, our understanding on relationships between N2O emissions and related microbes in diversified rotation systems is still limited. Here, we established a long-term field experiment to investigate the response of N2O emissions regulated by five N-cycling genes in three rotation systems. Our results showed that N2O emissions in wheat and maize seasons in diversified rotations (spring maize → winter wheat – summer maize and spring peanut → winter wheat – summer maize) were 15.5 %- 51.1 % and 15.9 %- 53.3 % lower than that in winter wheat – summer maize rotation (P < 0.05), respectively. Diversified rotations decreased abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) amoA, AOB amoA, nirK and nirS genes in both wheat and maize seasons, while increased abundance of nosZ gene in maize season, leading to lower soil N2O emissions. Changes in these functional genes correlated significantly with soil moisture, nitrogen availability, and enzyme activity (L-leucine aminopeptidase and Urease). Besides, diversified rotations increased number of nodes, edges and degree of the co-occurring network and sub-network, while reduced average path length and betweeness. These microbial co-occurrence network complexity indicators were significantly correlated with N2O emissions. This indicates that increase in aboveground crop diversity drives the increase in complexity of belowground N-cycling related microbial interaction networks, which leads to lower N2O emissions. In summary, diversified rotations show promising potentials to lower N2O emissions in agricultural soils.
{"title":"Diversified rotation reduced N2O emissions by shaping N-cycling microbial communities and increasing their network complexity","authors":"Taobing Yu , Lang Cheng , Pin Wang , Lei Yang , Tengxiang Lian , Huadong Zang , Zhaohai Zeng , Yadong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.04.068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.04.068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased crop diversity can alter soil nitrogen (N) levels, soil properties, and functional microbial communities, leading to changes in potential nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions. However, our understanding on relationships between N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and related microbes in diversified rotation systems is still limited. Here, we established a long-term field experiment to investigate the response of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions regulated by five N-cycling genes in three rotation systems. Our results showed that N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in wheat and maize seasons in diversified rotations (spring maize → winter wheat – summer maize and spring peanut → winter wheat – summer maize) were 15.5 %- 51.1 % and 15.9 %- 53.3 % lower than that in winter wheat – summer maize rotation (<em>P</em> < 0.05), respectively. Diversified rotations decreased abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) <em>amoA</em>, AOB <em>amoA, nirK</em> and <em>nirS</em> genes in both wheat and maize seasons, while increased abundance of <em>nosZ</em> gene in maize season, leading to lower soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Changes in these functional genes correlated significantly with soil moisture, nitrogen availability, and enzyme activity (L-leucine aminopeptidase and Urease). Besides, diversified rotations increased number of nodes, edges and degree of the co-occurring network and sub-network, while reduced average path length and betweeness. These microbial co-occurrence network complexity indicators were significantly correlated with N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. This indicates that increase in aboveground crop diversity drives the increase in complexity of belowground N-cycling related microbial interaction networks, which leads to lower N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. In summary, diversified rotations show promising potentials to lower N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in agricultural soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 593-602"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.009
Yaping Qi , Pinjing He , Fan Lü , Hua Zhang
Understanding mixed waste composition is crucial for controlling pollutants in incineration flue gas. Real-time detection of pollutants is challenging owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of mixed waste, complicating incineration optimization and pollutant control. This study introduces a novel method to rapidly predict mixed waste composition using waste incineration flue gas “fingerprint” and machine learning regression models, bypassing traditional sampling processes. A comprehensive “fingerprint” dataset was established via incineration experiments with various mixed waste compositions, featuring multiple waste components and their associated flue gas pollutant concentrations. Predictive performance was compared for five machine learning models, including extreme gradient boosting tree (XGBOOST), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), and support vector regression (SVR). After feature importance analysis optimization, RF and XGBOOST models achieved the best performance, with R² values exceeding 0.92 for key waste types. The accuracy of the models in predicting waste composition was significantly improved compared to that without optimization. Beyond predictive accuracy, the proposed method enables near real-time waste composition estimation, offering significant advantages for dynamic adjustment of feedstock and operating parameters. This facilitates intelligent incineration control, enhances energy efficiency, and supports proactive pollution management at the emission source.
{"title":"Non-sampling estimation of waste composition based on incineration flue gas pollutant fingerprints and machine learning approach","authors":"Yaping Qi , Pinjing He , Fan Lü , Hua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding mixed waste composition is crucial for controlling pollutants in incineration flue gas. Real-time detection of pollutants is challenging owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of mixed waste, complicating incineration optimization and pollutant control. This study introduces a novel method to rapidly predict mixed waste composition using waste incineration flue gas “fingerprint” and machine learning regression models, bypassing traditional sampling processes. A comprehensive “fingerprint” dataset was established via incineration experiments with various mixed waste compositions, featuring multiple waste components and their associated flue gas pollutant concentrations. Predictive performance was compared for five machine learning models, including extreme gradient boosting tree (XGBOOST), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), and support vector regression (SVR). After feature importance analysis optimization, RF and XGBOOST models achieved the best performance, with <em>R</em>² values exceeding 0.92 for key waste types. The accuracy of the models in predicting waste composition was significantly improved compared to that without optimization. Beyond predictive accuracy, the proposed method enables near real-time waste composition estimation, offering significant advantages for dynamic adjustment of feedstock and operating parameters. This facilitates intelligent incineration control, enhances energy efficiency, and supports proactive pollution management at the emission source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 417-429"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-08-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.017
Fengyu Li , Ruixin Mao , Lun Feng , Jiaqi Li , Miaomiao Xiao , Langlang Wang , Yixing Ma , Xueqian Wang
This study investigates the application of the Ni2La1 bimetallic basic carbonate catalyst in ozone decomposition, which demonstrates excellent catalytic activity under both low-humidity and high-humidity conditions (90 % relative humidity). The catalyst was synthesized via a co-precipitation method, with the Ni/La molar ratio (Ni:La = 2:1) optimized to enhance its structural and functional properties. This optimization endowed the Ni2La1 catalyst with a more developed layered structure, providing an increased number of surface active sites, which significantly improved its catalytic activity and stability. The results indicate that the Ni2La1 catalyst achieves an ozone decomposition conversion efficiency exceeding 90 % under high-humidity conditions and maintains stable catalytic performance over a continuous operation period of 48 h. Mechanistic studies further reveal that tribridged hydroxyl groups serve as the primary active sites and play a crucial role in the ozone decomposition reaction. Additionally, the Ni2La1 catalyst exhibits a unique hydroxyl regeneration mechanism, where strong interactions with water molecules facilitate the continuous regeneration of tribridged hydroxyl groups, thereby ensuring stability and sustained catalytic activity in humid environments. This research provides a new pathway for the application of Ni-La bimetallic basic carbonate catalysts in environmental catalysis and green chemical reactions. In particular, it offers robust theoretical support and practical insights for ozone mitigation technologies under high-humidity conditions.
{"title":"Tribridged hydroxyl groups regulated by Ni/La ratio for enhanced ozone decomposition over Ni-La bimetallic basic carbonate catalysts","authors":"Fengyu Li , Ruixin Mao , Lun Feng , Jiaqi Li , Miaomiao Xiao , Langlang Wang , Yixing Ma , Xueqian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the application of the Ni<sub>2</sub>La<sub>1</sub> bimetallic basic carbonate catalyst in ozone decomposition, which demonstrates excellent catalytic activity under both low-humidity and high-humidity conditions (90 % relative humidity). The catalyst was synthesized via a co-precipitation method, with the Ni/La molar ratio (Ni:La = 2:1) optimized to enhance its structural and functional properties. This optimization endowed the Ni<sub>2</sub>La<sub>1</sub> catalyst with a more developed layered structure, providing an increased number of surface active sites, which significantly improved its catalytic activity and stability. The results indicate that the Ni<sub>2</sub>La<sub>1</sub> catalyst achieves an ozone decomposition conversion efficiency exceeding 90 % under high-humidity conditions and maintains stable catalytic performance over a continuous operation period of 48 h. Mechanistic studies further reveal that tribridged hydroxyl groups serve as the primary active sites and play a crucial role in the ozone decomposition reaction. Additionally, the Ni<sub>2</sub>La<sub>1</sub> catalyst exhibits a unique hydroxyl regeneration mechanism, where strong interactions with water molecules facilitate the continuous regeneration of tribridged hydroxyl groups, thereby ensuring stability and sustained catalytic activity in humid environments. This research provides a new pathway for the application of Ni-La bimetallic basic carbonate catalysts in environmental catalysis and green chemical reactions. In particular, it offers robust theoretical support and practical insights for ozone mitigation technologies under high-humidity conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 476-485"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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