Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.005
Javier Brazo-Sayavera , Sofia Fernandez-Gimenez , Enrique Pintos-Toledo , Cesar Corvos , Franco Souza-Marabotto , Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
Background/objective
Uruguay was enrolled in the fourth edition of the Global Matrix on physical activity-related indicators in children and adolescents with the aim of producing its second Report Card and analyses on the ten core indicators.
Methods
A harmonized development process proposed by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance was followed. The best available scientific and grey literature was systematically searched for all the indicators included in the Report Card (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, Physical Fitness, Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, and Government). A grading scale ranging from A to F was used. A new approach was used to grade the Government indicator according to the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance guidance.
Results
New information was identified and 7 out of 10 indicators were graded, while there were 3 out of 10 indicators with incomplete information to be graded. An gender-based analysis was included in this second Report Card, providing separate grades for 5 of the indicators [girls/boys]: Overall Physical Activity [F/F], Organized Sport Participation [F/D], Active Transportation [C/C], Sedentary Behavior [D+/D+], and Community and Environment [D+/C-]. The comparison between 2018 and 2022 analysis showed a decrease in Overall Physical Activity and Organized Sport Participation, while the sources of influence School and Government obtained a higher grade in comparison with the previous Report Card.
Conclusion
Uruguay has developed its second version of the Report Card on physical activity-related indicators in children and adolescents. The gender analysis showed inequalities between girls and boys. In summary, behavioral indicators have decreased while sources of influence have risen along the time.
{"title":"Results from the Uruguay's 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents","authors":"Javier Brazo-Sayavera , Sofia Fernandez-Gimenez , Enrique Pintos-Toledo , Cesar Corvos , Franco Souza-Marabotto , Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><p>Uruguay was enrolled in the fourth edition of the Global Matrix on physical activity-related indicators in children and adolescents with the aim of producing its second Report Card and analyses on the ten core indicators.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A harmonized development process proposed by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance was followed. The best available scientific and grey literature was systematically searched for all the indicators included in the Report Card (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, Physical Fitness, Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, and Government). A grading scale ranging from A to F was used. A new approach was used to grade the Government indicator according to the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance guidance.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>New information was identified and 7 out of 10 indicators were graded, while there were 3 out of 10 indicators with incomplete information to be graded. An gender-based analysis was included in this second Report Card, providing separate grades for 5 of the indicators [girls/boys]: Overall Physical Activity [F/F], Organized Sport Participation [F/D], Active Transportation [C/C], Sedentary Behavior [D+/D+], and Community and Environment [D+/C-]. The comparison between 2018 and 2022 analysis showed a decrease in Overall Physical Activity and Organized Sport Participation, while the sources of influence School and Government obtained a higher grade in comparison with the previous Report Card.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Uruguay has developed its second version of the Report Card on physical activity-related indicators in children and adolescents. The gender analysis showed inequalities between girls and boys. In summary, behavioral indicators have decreased while sources of influence have risen along the time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 104-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5b/2a/main.PMC9679661.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40503861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.012
Danny J. Yu , Angus P. Yu , Shirley X. Li , Rachel N.Y. Chan , Daniel Y. Fong , Derwin K.C. Chan , Stanley S. Hui , Ka Fai Chung , Jean Woo , Chenchen Wang , Michael R. Irwin , Parco M. Siu
Background/Objective
Insomnia is a prevailing health problem among older adults. Tai Chi, a popular mind-body exercise practiced by older people in various oriental communities, has been shown to improve sleep. However, Tai Chi has not been directly compared to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), which is the first-line non-pharmacological treatment for insomnia in older adults. This study aims to examine whether Tai Chi is non-inferior to CBT-I as a treatment for insomnia in older adults.
Methods
This is a single-center, assessor-blinded, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial comparing Tai Chi and CBT-I in 180 older adults aged ≥50 years with chronic insomnia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the Tai Chi or CBT-I group. Interventions will last for 3 months with a 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome is self-perceived insomnia severity measured by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) at 3 months and at 15 months. The secondary outcomes include the remission rate of chronic insomnia, insomnia treatment response, subjective sleep quantity and quality, 7-day actigraphy, 7-day sleep diary, sleep medication, health-related quality of life, mental health, body balance and lower extremity function, adverse events, habitual physical activity, and dietary intake. Measurements will be conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 15 months by outcome assessors who are blinded to the group allocation.
Discussion
This will be the first non-inferiority randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy and long-term outcomes of Tai Chi versus CBT-I for treating insomnia in older adults. This study will be of clinical importance as it supports the use of Tai Chi as an alternative non-pharmacological approach for insomnia treatment and sustainable management.
{"title":"Effects of Tai Chi and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on improving sleep in older adults: Study protocol for a non-inferiority trial","authors":"Danny J. Yu , Angus P. Yu , Shirley X. Li , Rachel N.Y. Chan , Daniel Y. Fong , Derwin K.C. Chan , Stanley S. Hui , Ka Fai Chung , Jean Woo , Chenchen Wang , Michael R. Irwin , Parco M. Siu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><p>Insomnia is a prevailing health problem among older adults. Tai Chi, a popular mind-body exercise practiced by older people in various oriental communities, has been shown to improve sleep. However, Tai Chi has not been directly compared to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), which is the first-line non-pharmacological treatment for insomnia in older adults. This study aims to examine whether Tai Chi is non-inferior to CBT-I as a treatment for insomnia in older adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a single-center, assessor-blinded, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial comparing Tai Chi and CBT-I in 180 older adults aged ≥50 years with chronic insomnia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the Tai Chi or CBT-I group. Interventions will last for 3 months with a 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome is self-perceived insomnia severity measured by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) at 3 months and at 15 months. The secondary outcomes include the remission rate of chronic insomnia, insomnia treatment response, subjective sleep quantity and quality, 7-day actigraphy, 7-day sleep diary, sleep medication, health-related quality of life, mental health, body balance and lower extremity function, adverse events, habitual physical activity, and dietary intake. Measurements will be conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 15 months by outcome assessors who are blinded to the group allocation.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>This will be the first non-inferiority randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy and long-term outcomes of Tai Chi versus CBT-I for treating insomnia in older adults. This study will be of clinical importance as it supports the use of Tai Chi as an alternative non-pharmacological approach for insomnia treatment and sustainable management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/7c/main.PMC9663887.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40700248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.008
Eun-Young Lee , An-Chi Shih , Maia Collins , Yeong-Bae Kim , Patrick Abi Nader , Jasmin Bhawra , Tarun Reddy Katapally , Chiaki Tanaka , Pairoj Saonuam , Piyawat Katewongsa , Dyah Anantalia Widyastari , Wendy Y. Huang , Stephen H. Wong , Asaduzzaman Khan , Narayan Subedi , Susan Paudel , Chen-Kang Chang , Ching-Lin Wu , Justin Y. Jeon , Yeon Soo Kim , Mark S. Tremblay
Background/Objective
Physical inactivity is a persistent and worsening population health concern in Asia. Led by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance, Global Matrix (GM) initiative provides an opportunity to explore how regional and cultural differences across 18 Asian countries relate to physical activity (PA) participation among children and adolescents. The purpose of study was to synthesize evidence from the GM2.0 to GM4.0 (2016–2022) in Asian countries.
Methods
Report Card grades on behavioral/individual and sources of influence indicators were reported from 18 Asian countries. Letter grades were converted into numerical values for quantitative analyses. Based on this, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted to investigate patterns and trends. Qualitative evidence synthesis was performed based on Report Card grades and published papers to identify gaps and suggest future recommendations.
Results
In total, 18 countries provided grades for at least one round of GM, 12 countries provided grades for at least two rounds, and seven countries provided grades for all three GMs. Of possible grades, 72.8%, 69.2%, and 76.9% of the grades were assigned from GM 2.0 to GM 4.0, respectively. In terms of the Report Card grades, there was a slight decrease in behavioral/individual indicators from “D+” in GM 2.0 to “D-” in GM 3.0 but this reverted to “D” in GM 4.0. For the sources of influence, a “C” grade was given in all three rounds of GM. Longitudinal observation of seven Asian countries that provided grades in all three rounds of GM revealed that grades are generally stable for all indicators with some country-specific fluctuations. In future GM initiatives and research, considerations should be made to provide more accurate and rich data and to better understand contextual challenges in evaluating certain indicators such as Active Transportation, Active Play, and Physical Fitness in particular. Further, macro level factors such as socioeconomic/cultural disparities and gender-specific barriers, ideology, or climate change should also be proactively considered in future research as these factors are becoming increasingly relevant to indicators of GM and United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.
Conclusions
Participation from Asian countries in GM has increased over the years, which demonstrates the region's enthusiasm, capacity, and support for global PA promotion efforts. The efforts to promote a physically active lifestyle among children and adolescents should be a collective interest and priority of the Asia region based on the gaps identified in this paper.
背景/目的在亚洲，缺乏身体活动是一个持续存在且日益恶化的人口健康问题。在积极健康儿童全球联盟的领导下，全球矩阵(GM)倡议提供了一个机会，探讨18个亚洲国家的区域和文化差异与儿童和青少年参与体育活动(PA)的关系。本研究的目的是综合亚洲国家GM2.0到GM4.0(2016-2022)的证据。方法报告来自18个亚洲国家的行为/个人评分和影响指标来源。字母等级被转换成数值进行定量分析。在此基础上，进行了横断面和纵向分析，以调查模式和趋势。定性证据综合基于报告卡成绩和发表的论文，以确定差距并提出未来的建议。结果共有18个国家对至少一轮转基因进行了分级，12个国家对至少两轮转基因进行了分级，7个国家对所有三次转基因都进行了分级。在可能的评分中，72.8%、69.2%和76.9%的评分分别为GM 2.0到GM 4.0。在报告卡评分方面，行为/个人指标略有下降，从GM 2.0的“D+”降至GM 3.0的“D-”，但在GM 4.0又恢复到“D”。对于影响来源，在所有三轮通用评估中都给出了" C "级。对在所有三轮通用评估中提供评级的七个亚洲国家的纵向观察显示，所有指标的评级总体上是稳定的，但有一些国别波动。在未来的转基因倡议和研究中，应考虑提供更准确、更丰富的数据，并更好地理解评估某些指标(特别是主动交通、主动玩耍和身体健康)时面临的背景挑战。此外，宏观层面的因素，如社会经济/文化差异和性别障碍、意识形态或气候变化，也应在未来的研究中积极考虑，因为这些因素与转基因指标和联合国可持续发展目标的关系越来越密切。近年来，亚洲国家对通用汽车的参与有所增加，这表明该地区对全球通用汽车推广工作的热情、能力和支持。根据本文所确定的差距，在儿童和青少年中促进积极运动的生活方式的努力应成为亚洲地区的集体利益和优先事项。
{"title":"Report card grades on physical activity for children and adolescents from 18 Asian countries: Patterns, trends, gaps, and future recommendations","authors":"Eun-Young Lee , An-Chi Shih , Maia Collins , Yeong-Bae Kim , Patrick Abi Nader , Jasmin Bhawra , Tarun Reddy Katapally , Chiaki Tanaka , Pairoj Saonuam , Piyawat Katewongsa , Dyah Anantalia Widyastari , Wendy Y. Huang , Stephen H. Wong , Asaduzzaman Khan , Narayan Subedi , Susan Paudel , Chen-Kang Chang , Ching-Lin Wu , Justin Y. Jeon , Yeon Soo Kim , Mark S. Tremblay","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><p>Physical inactivity is a persistent and worsening population health concern in Asia. Led by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance, Global Matrix (GM) initiative provides an opportunity to explore how regional and cultural differences across 18 Asian countries relate to physical activity (PA) participation among children and adolescents. The purpose of study was to synthesize evidence from the GM2.0 to GM4.0 (2016–2022) in Asian countries.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Report Card grades on behavioral/individual and sources of influence indicators were reported from 18 Asian countries. Letter grades were converted into numerical values for quantitative analyses. Based on this, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted to investigate patterns and trends. Qualitative evidence synthesis was performed based on Report Card grades and published papers to identify gaps and suggest future recommendations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, 18 countries provided grades for at least one round of GM, 12 countries provided grades for at least two rounds, and seven countries provided grades for all three GMs. Of possible grades, 72.8%, 69.2%, and 76.9% of the grades were assigned from GM 2.0 to GM 4.0, respectively. In terms of the Report Card grades, there was a slight decrease in behavioral/individual indicators from “D+” in GM 2.0 to “D-” in GM 3.0 but this reverted to “D” in GM 4.0. For the sources of influence, a “C” grade was given in all three rounds of GM. Longitudinal observation of seven Asian countries that provided grades in all three rounds of GM revealed that grades are generally stable for all indicators with some country-specific fluctuations. In future GM initiatives and research, considerations should be made to provide more accurate and rich data and to better understand contextual challenges in evaluating certain indicators such as Active Transportation, Active Play, and Physical Fitness in particular. Further, macro level factors such as socioeconomic/cultural disparities and gender-specific barriers, ideology, or climate change should also be proactively considered in future research as these factors are becoming increasingly relevant to indicators of GM and United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Participation from Asian countries in <span>GM</span> has increased over the years, which demonstrates the region's enthusiasm, capacity, and support for global <span>PA</span> promotion efforts. The efforts to promote a physically active lifestyle among children and adolescents should be a collective interest and priority of the Asia region based on the gaps identified in this paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 34-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/83/main.PMC9647366.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40700247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.001
Mohd Razif Shahril , Tubanur Irfan Unal , Jyh Eiin Wong , Razinah Sharif , Denise Koh , Shoo Thien Lee , Bee Koon Poh
Background/Objective
The Malaysia 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents provides evidence-based assessment across 12 indicators of physical activity-related behaviors, individual characteristics, settings and sources of influence, and strategies and investments for children and adolescents.
Methods
The development process follows the systematic steps recommended by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance was used. Nationally representative data from 2016 to 2021, government reports and unpublished data were reviewed and consolidated by a panel of experts. Letter grades were assigned based on predefined benchmarks to 12 indicators including 10 core physical activity indicators that are common to Global Matrix 4.0 and two additional indicators (Diet and Weight Status). The current grading was then compared against those obtained in 2016.
Results
Four of six indicators in the Daily Behaviors category received D- or C grades [Overall Physical Activity, Active Transportation and Diet (D-); Sedentary Behaviors (C)], which remains poor, similar to the 2016 report card. School indicator was graded for the Settings and Sources of Influence category, which showed an improvement from grade B (2016) to A- (2022). As for the Strategies and Investments category, B was again assigned to the Government indicator. Two new indicators were added after the 2016 Report Card, and they were graded B (Physical Fitness) and B- (Weight Status). Four indicators (Organized Sports and Physical Activity, Active Play, Family and Peers, and Community and Environment) were again graded Incomplete due to a lack of nationally representative data.
Conclusion
The 2022 Report Card revealed that Malaysian children and adolescents are still caught in the “inactivity epidemic”. This warrants more engagement from all stakeholders, public health actions, and timely research, to comprehensively evaluate all indicators and drive a cultural shift to see Malaysian children and adolescents moving more every day.
{"title":"Results from the Malaysia 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents","authors":"Mohd Razif Shahril , Tubanur Irfan Unal , Jyh Eiin Wong , Razinah Sharif , Denise Koh , Shoo Thien Lee , Bee Koon Poh","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><p>The Malaysia 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents provides evidence-based assessment across 12 indicators of physical activity-related behaviors, individual characteristics, settings and sources of influence, and strategies and investments for children and adolescents.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The development process follows the systematic steps recommended by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance was used. Nationally representative data from 2016 to 2021, government reports and unpublished data were reviewed and consolidated by a panel of experts. Letter grades were assigned based on predefined benchmarks to 12 indicators including 10 core physical activity indicators that are common to Global Matrix 4.0 and two additional indicators (Diet and Weight Status). The current grading was then compared against those obtained in 2016.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Four of six indicators in the Daily Behaviors category received D- or C grades [Overall Physical Activity, Active Transportation and Diet (D-); Sedentary Behaviors (C)], which remains poor, similar to the 2016 report card. School indicator was graded for the Settings and Sources of Influence category, which showed an improvement from grade B (2016) to A- (2022). As for the Strategies and Investments category, B was again assigned to the Government indicator. Two new indicators were added after the 2016 Report Card, and they were graded B (Physical Fitness) and B- (Weight Status). Four indicators (Organized Sports and Physical Activity, Active Play, Family and Peers, and Community and Environment) were again graded Incomplete due to a lack of nationally representative data.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The 2022 Report Card revealed that Malaysian children and adolescents are still caught in the “inactivity epidemic”. This warrants more engagement from all stakeholders, public health actions, and timely research, to comprehensively evaluate all indicators and drive a cultural shift to see Malaysian children and adolescents moving more every day.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 88-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/c7/main.PMC9674547.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40503862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.12.005
Lin Xie , Bo Gou , Shuwen Bai , Dong Yang , Zhe Zhang , Xiaohui Di , Chunwang Su , Xiaoni Wang , Kun Wang , Jianbao Zhang
Background/Objective
Considerable attention has been paid to interindividual differences in the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) response to exercise. However, the complex multifactorial nature of CRF response variability poses a significant challenge to our understanding of this issue. We aimed to explore whether unsupervised clustering can take advantage of large amounts of clinical data and identify latent subgroups with different CRF exercise responses within a healthy population.
Methods
252 healthy participants (99 men, 153 women; 36.8 ± 13.4 yr) completed moderate endurance training on 3 days/week for 4 months, with exercise intensity prescribed based on anaerobic threshold (AT). Detailed clinical measures, including resting vital signs, ECG, cardiorespiratory parameters, echocardiography, heart rate variability, spirometry and laboratory data, were obtained before and after the exercise intervention. Baseline phenotypic variables that were significantly correlated with CRF exercise response were identified and subjected to selection steps, leaving 10 minimally redundant variables, including age, BMI, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal heart rate, VO2 at AT as a percentage of VO2max, minute ventilation at AT, interventricular septal thickness of end-systole, E velocity, root mean square of heart rate variability, and hematocrit. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was performed on these variables to detect latent subgroups that may be associated with different CRF exercise responses.
Results
Unsupervised clustering revealed two mutually exclusive groups with distinct baseline phenotypes and CRF exercise responses. The two groups differed markedly in baseline characteristics, initial fitness, echocardiographic measurements, laboratory values, and heart rate variability parameters. A significant improvement in CRF following the 16-week endurance training, expressed by the absolute change in VO2max, was observed only in one of the two groups (3.42 ± 0.4 vs 0.58 ± 0.65 ml⋅kg−1⋅min−1, P = 0.002). Assuming a minimal clinically important difference of 3.5 ml⋅kg−1⋅min−1 in VO2max, the proportion of population response was 56.1% and 13.9% for group 1 and group 2, respectively (P<0.001). Although group 1 exhibited no significant improvement in CRF at group level, a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (70.4 ± 7.8 vs 68.7 ± 7.2 mm Hg, P = 0.027) was observed.
Conclusions
Unsupervised learning based on dense phenotypic characteristics identified meaningful subgroups within a healthy population with different CRF responses following standardized aerobic training. Our model could serve as a useful tool for clinicians to develop personalized exercise prescriptions and optimize training effects.
背景/目的人们对运动心肺功能（CRF）反应的个体差异给予了相当大的关注。然而，CRF反应变异性的复杂多因素性质对我们理解这一问题提出了重大挑战。我们旨在探索无监督聚类是否可以利用大量临床数据，并在健康人群中识别具有不同CRF运动反应的潜在亚组。方法252名健康参与者（99名男性，153名女性；36.8±13.4岁）完成了为期4个月的中等耐力训练，每周3天，运动强度根据无氧阈值（AT）确定。在运动干预前后获得详细的临床测量，包括静息生命体征、心电图、心肺参数、超声心动图、心率变异性、肺活量测定和实验室数据。确定与CRF运动反应显著相关的基线表型变量并进行选择步骤，留下10个最小冗余变量，包括年龄、BMI、最大摄氧量（VO2max）、最大心率、at时VO2占VO2max的百分比、at时的分钟通气量、收缩末期室间隔厚度、E速度，心率变异性的均方根和红细胞压积。对这些变量进行聚集层次聚类，以检测可能与不同CRF运动反应相关的潜在亚组。结果无监督聚类显示两个相互排斥的组具有不同的基线表型和CRF运动反应。两组在基线特征、初始适应度、超声心动图测量、实验室值和心率变异性参数方面存在显著差异。在16周耐力训练后，CRF的显著改善（以VO2max的绝对变化表示）仅在两组中的一组中观察到（3.42±0.4 vs 0.58±0.65 ml·kg−1·min−1，P=0.002），第1组和第2组的人群反应比例分别为56.1%和13.9%（P<；0.001）。尽管第1组CRF在组水平上没有显著改善，但舒张压显著降低（70.4±7.8 vs 68.7±7.2 mm Hg，P=0.027）。结论基于密集表型特征的无监督学习在标准化有氧训练后的健康人群中确定了具有不同CRF反应的有意义的亚组。我们的模型可以作为临床医生开发个性化运动处方和优化训练效果的有用工具。
{"title":"Unsupervised cluster analysis reveals distinct subgroups in healthy population with different exercise responses of cardiorespiratory fitness","authors":"Lin Xie , Bo Gou , Shuwen Bai , Dong Yang , Zhe Zhang , Xiaohui Di , Chunwang Su , Xiaoni Wang , Kun Wang , Jianbao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><p>Considerable attention has been paid to interindividual differences in the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) response to exercise. However, the complex multifactorial nature of CRF response variability poses a significant challenge to our understanding of this issue. We aimed to explore whether unsupervised clustering can take advantage of large amounts of clinical data and identify latent subgroups with different CRF exercise responses within a healthy population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>252 healthy participants (99 men, 153 women; 36.8 ± 13.4 yr) completed moderate endurance training on 3 days/week for 4 months, with exercise intensity prescribed based on anaerobic threshold (AT). Detailed clinical measures, including resting vital signs, ECG, cardiorespiratory parameters, echocardiography, heart rate variability, spirometry and laboratory data, were obtained before and after the exercise intervention. Baseline phenotypic variables that were significantly correlated with CRF exercise response were identified and subjected to selection steps, leaving 10 minimally redundant variables, including age, BMI, maximal oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2max</sub>), maximal heart rate, VO<sub>2</sub> at AT as a percentage of VO<sub>2max</sub>, minute ventilation at AT, interventricular septal thickness of end-systole, E velocity, root mean square of heart rate variability, and hematocrit. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was performed on these variables to detect latent subgroups that may be associated with different CRF exercise responses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Unsupervised clustering revealed two mutually exclusive groups with distinct baseline phenotypes and CRF exercise responses. The two groups differed markedly in baseline characteristics, initial fitness, echocardiographic measurements, laboratory values, and heart rate variability parameters. A significant improvement in CRF following the 16-week endurance training, expressed by the absolute change in VO<sub>2max</sub>, was observed only in one of the two groups (3.42 ± 0.4 vs 0.58 ± 0.65 ml⋅kg<sup>−1</sup>⋅min<sup>−1</sup>, <em>P =</em> 0.002). Assuming a minimal clinically important difference of 3.5 ml⋅kg<sup>−1</sup>⋅min<sup>−1</sup> in VO<sub>2max</sub>, the proportion of population response was 56.1% and 13.9% for group 1 and group 2, respectively (<em>P<</em>0.001). Although group 1 exhibited no significant improvement in CRF at group level, a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (70.4 ± 7.8 vs 68.7 ± 7.2 mm Hg, <em>P =</em> 0.027) was observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Unsupervised learning based on dense phenotypic characteristics identified meaningful subgroups within a healthy population with different CRF responses following standardized aerobic training. Our model could serve as a useful tool for clinicians to develop personalized exercise prescriptions and optimize training effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 147-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/eb/d9/main.PMC9827383.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10604964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.003
Xiaolong Liu , Mengxiao He , Xiaoli Gan , Yang Yang , Qin Hou , Rongbo Hu
Background/Objective
The effects of fasted aerobic exercise on body composition and whether it causes adverse effects remain controversial. This study was to compare the effects of fasted and non-fasted aerobic exercise on body shape and blood biochemical indexes in overweight and obese young adult males, and observe whether FAE triggers adverse reactions.
Methods
Thirty overweight and obese young adult males were randomly divided into fasted aerobic exercise (FAE) group, non-fasted aerobic exercise (NFAE) group, and control group. They were subjected to indoor treadmill intervention five days a week combined with diet control for six weeks. The FAE group had breakfast 0.5 h after exercise, and the NFAE group exercised 1 h after breakfast. Both groups filled out adverse reaction questionnaires during exercise, and the control group did not have any intervention. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage of the three groups of subjects before and after the experiment were measured by the GAIA KIKO bio-resistance antibody composition analyzer in Korea; waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were measured by the tape measure method; fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINs), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and HDL-C/LDL-C were measured by Roche C8000 automatic biochemical analysis instrument.
Results
Weight, BMI, body fat percentage, WC, HC, WHR, WHtR, TG, TC, LDL-C and VLDL decreased very significantly (P < 0.01) in the FAE and NFAE groups after the 6-week experiment. The decrease in FINS was significant in the FAE group (P < 0.05) and the decrease in HDL-C was very significant in the NFAE group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the frequency of adverse reactions between two groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Six-week FAE and NFAE significantly improved body shape in overweight and obese young adult males, while FAE significantly reduced fasting insulin levels and increased tissue cell sensitivity to insulin. And compared to NFAE, 30 min of FAE in the morning did not increase adverse effects.
{"title":"The effects of six weeks of fasted aerobic exercise on body shape and blood biochemical index in overweight and obese young adult males","authors":"Xiaolong Liu , Mengxiao He , Xiaoli Gan , Yang Yang , Qin Hou , Rongbo Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><p>The effects of fasted aerobic exercise on body composition and whether it causes adverse effects remain controversial. This study was to compare the effects of fasted and non-fasted aerobic exercise on body shape and blood biochemical indexes in overweight and obese young adult males, and observe whether FAE triggers adverse reactions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty overweight and obese young adult males were randomly divided into fasted aerobic exercise (FAE) group, non-fasted aerobic exercise (NFAE) group, and control group. They were subjected to indoor treadmill intervention five days a week combined with diet control for six weeks. The FAE group had breakfast 0.5 h after exercise, and the NFAE group exercised 1 h after breakfast. Both groups filled out adverse reaction questionnaires during exercise, and the control group did not have any intervention. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage of the three groups of subjects before and after the experiment were measured by the GAIA KIKO bio-resistance antibody composition analyzer in Korea; waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were measured by the tape measure method; fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINs), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and HDL-C/LDL-C were measured by Roche C8000 automatic biochemical analysis instrument.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Weight, BMI, body fat percentage, WC, HC, WHR, WHtR, TG, TC, LDL-C and VLDL decreased very significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.01) in the FAE and NFAE groups after the 6-week experiment. The decrease in FINS was significant in the FAE group (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and the decrease in HDL-C was very significant in the NFAE group (<em>P</em> < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the frequency of adverse reactions between two groups (<em>P</em> > 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Six-week FAE and NFAE significantly improved body shape in overweight and obese young adult males, while FAE significantly reduced fasting insulin levels and increased tissue cell sensitivity to insulin. And compared to NFAE, 30 min of FAE in the morning did not increase adverse effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 95-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/e2/main.PMC9674552.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40503863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.011
Chen-Kang Chang , Ching-Lin Wu
Background /Objective
In Taiwan, physical inactivity is highly prevalent among children and adolescents. Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) joined the Global Matrix 3.0 in 2018 to share local data on childhood physical activity and related factors with the international community. This study reports the grades for 10 indicators endorsed by the Global Matrix 4.0 and 1 additional indicator.
Methods
Local data for school-aged children and adolescents (approximately 5–17 years old) from 2017 to 2022 were used to determine the grades. The data were obtained from online academic databases and websites of government agencies. The highest priority was given to national surveys, followed by studies using nationally representative samples.
Results
The data revealed very poor Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, and Active Play (F, D−, and F, respectively). Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, and Family and Peers were also below average (C−, D+, and D−, respectively). Taiwan's central and local governments have recognized the importance of physical activity by implementing related policy and improving public sports facilities. Accordingly, School and Community and the Built Environment both received a grade of A−, and Government Strategies and Investments received a B+. Physical Fitness received an INC for lack of data. An additional indicator, body mass index, received a grade of B−.
Conclusions
Despite great effort by governments and schools, physical activity levels are low and sedentary behavior is prevalent among Taiwanese children and adolescents.
{"title":"Results from the Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth","authors":"Chen-Kang Chang , Ching-Lin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background /Objective</h3><p>In Taiwan, physical inactivity is highly prevalent among children and adolescents. Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) joined the Global Matrix 3.0 in 2018 to share local data on childhood physical activity and related factors with the international community. This study reports the grades for 10 indicators endorsed by the Global Matrix 4.0 and 1 additional indicator.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Local data for school-aged children and adolescents (approximately 5–17 years old) from 2017 to 2022 were used to determine the grades. The data were obtained from online academic databases and websites of government agencies. The highest priority was given to national surveys, followed by studies using nationally representative samples.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The data revealed very poor Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, and Active Play (F, D−, and F, respectively). Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, and Family and Peers were also below average (C−, D+, and D−, respectively). Taiwan's central and local governments have recognized the importance of physical activity by implementing related policy and improving public sports facilities. Accordingly, School and Community and the Built Environment both received a grade of A−, and Government Strategies and Investments received a B+. Physical Fitness received an INC for lack of data. An additional indicator, body mass index, received a grade of B−.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite great effort by governments and schools, physical activity levels are low and sedentary behavior is prevalent among Taiwanese children and adolescents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 6-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/ee/main.PMC9634470.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40673521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.005
Zoey Tay , Bozhi Chen , Kiran Yan Kui , Natarajan Padmapriya , Mary Foong-Fong Chong , Andre Matthias Müller , Eer Ling Lee , Engle Troy , Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
Background/Objective
While it has been established that physical activity (PA) is key to promote overall health and well-being, insufficient physical activity among children and adolescents is a global problem, including Singapore. It is important to understand the local PA landscape among children and adolescents to decrease surveillance gaps and identify areas for improvement in promoting PA. The present article provides an overview of the development of the 2022 Active Healthy Kids Singapore Report Card and the results, as well as underscore limitations and gaps in the available evidence related to PA among children and adolescents in Singapore.
Methods
Following the Global Matrix 4.0, the available data between July 2010 to July 2020 was synthesized for all 10 indicators by the work group and reviewed by a panel of experts. Data sources included published scientific articles, government and non-government reports, national surveys, and unpublished data from on-going research studies. Where possible, grades were informed by nationally representative surveys or large-scale longitudinal studies.
Results
The grades assigned were: Overall Physical Activity (C-), Organized Sport and Physical Activity (B-), Active Play (C-), Active Transportation (C), Sedentary Behaviours (C-), Physical Fitness (Incomplete), Family and Peers (C-), School (Incomplete), Community and Environment (A+), Government (B).
Conclusion
This is the first comprehensive evaluation of PA among children and adolescents in Singapore. It provides baseline grades valuable for future comparison. It also illustrates gaps in the existing evidence which can inform future surveillance, facilitate international comparisons and enable global efforts in promoting physical activity.
{"title":"Results from the Singapore 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents","authors":"Zoey Tay , Bozhi Chen , Kiran Yan Kui , Natarajan Padmapriya , Mary Foong-Fong Chong , Andre Matthias Müller , Eer Ling Lee , Engle Troy , Falk Müller-Riemenschneider","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><p>While it has been established that physical activity (PA) is key to promote overall health and well-being, insufficient physical activity among children and adolescents is a global problem, including Singapore. It is important to understand the local PA landscape among children and adolescents to decrease surveillance gaps and identify areas for improvement in promoting PA. The present article provides an overview of the development of the 2022 Active Healthy Kids Singapore Report Card and the results, as well as underscore limitations and gaps in the available evidence related to PA among children and adolescents in Singapore.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Following the Global Matrix 4.0, the available data between July 2010 to July 2020 was synthesized for all 10 indicators by the work group and reviewed by a panel of experts. Data sources included published scientific articles, government and non-government reports, national surveys, and unpublished data from on-going research studies. Where possible, grades were informed by nationally representative surveys or large-scale longitudinal studies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The grades assigned were: Overall Physical Activity (C-), Organized Sport and Physical Activity (B-), Active Play (C-), Active Transportation (C), Sedentary Behaviours (C-), Physical Fitness (Incomplete), Family and Peers (C-), School (Incomplete), Community and Environment (A+), Government (B).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This is the first comprehensive evaluation of PA among children and adolescents in Singapore. It provides baseline grades valuable for future comparison. It also illustrates gaps in the existing evidence which can inform future surveillance, facilitate international comparisons and enable global efforts in promoting physical activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/58/main.PMC9634474.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40688644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.002
Phuong Nguyen , Dan Xuan Nguyen , Long Khanh-Dao Le , Jaithri Ananthapavan , Phan Danh Na , Hong K. Tang
Background/Objective
The Active Healthy Kids 2022 Viet Nam Report Card provides an evidence-based assessment of 10 indicators of community and government-led initiatives that impact the physical activity levels of children and youth in Vietnam.
Methods
A systematic framework developed by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance was used. Each indicator: Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviors, Physical Fitness, Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, and Government, and a new indicator: Obesity was assessed against predefined benchmarks. EBSCOhost databases and Google Scholar were searched for relevant academic and grey literature (e.g., government reports) respectively to inform indicator grading.
Results
The School indicator received the highest grade ‘A’, followed by the Government indicator which was graded as ‘B-’. Three indicators (Sedentary Behaviors, Family and Peers, Community and Environment) received ‘C’ grades. Active Transportation was graded ‘D+’. Overall Physical Activity received the lowest grade of ‘F’. Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, and Physical Fitness were not graded due to lack of data. Obesity was graded B-.
Conclusions
This is the first physical activity report card for children and adolescents in Viet Nam. Evidence suggests that Vietnamese children and adolescents have low physical activity levels and high levels of sedentary behaviors. Initiatives to promote physical activity in children predominantly focus on promoting physical education in schools. Increased community-based programs promoting physical activity outside of school settings are required. Future research should address the surveillance gap in Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, and Physical Fitness.
{"title":"Results from Viet Nam's 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth","authors":"Phuong Nguyen , Dan Xuan Nguyen , Long Khanh-Dao Le , Jaithri Ananthapavan , Phan Danh Na , Hong K. Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><p>The Active Healthy Kids 2022 Viet Nam Report Card provides an evidence-based assessment of 10 indicators of community and government-led initiatives that impact the physical activity levels of children and youth in Vietnam.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic framework developed by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance was used. Each indicator: <em>Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviors, Physical Fitness, Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment</em>, and <em>Government, and a new indicator: Obesity</em> was assessed against predefined benchmarks. EBSCOhost databases and Google Scholar were searched for relevant academic and grey literature (e.g., government reports) respectively to inform indicator grading.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The <em>School</em> indicator received the highest grade ‘A’, followed by the <em>Government</em> indicator which was graded as ‘B-’. Three indicators (<em>Sedentary Behaviors, Family and Peers, Community and Environment</em>) received ‘C’ grades. <em>Active Transportation</em> was graded ‘D+’. <em>Overall Physical Activity</em> received the lowest grade of ‘F’. <em>Organized Sport and Physical Activity</em>, <em>Active Play</em>, and <em>Physical Fitness</em> were not graded due to lack of data. <em>Obesity</em> was graded B-.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This is the first physical activity report card for children and adolescents in Viet Nam. Evidence suggests that Vietnamese children and adolescents have low physical activity levels and high levels of sedentary behaviors. Initiatives to promote physical activity in children predominantly focus on promoting physical education in schools. Increased community-based programs promoting physical activity outside of school settings are required. Future research should address the surveillance gap in <em>Organized Sport and Physical Activity</em>, <em>Active Play</em>, and <em>Physical Fitness.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 52-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/bc/main.PMC9664477.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40700163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.007
Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver , Israel Caraballo , Alejandro Pérez-Bey , Ángela Sánchez-Gómez , Raúl Domínguez
Background/Objectives
The aim of the present study was to analyse possible differences in anthropometric characteristics of elite sailors based on categories and performance level.
Methods
A total of 42 young (aged 12–18 years) elite sailors (men = 31; women = 11) of the Monohull (n = 21) and Windsurfing (n = 21) categories composed the study sample. Testing was per-formed in one session the day before the start of an official and international competition. Body composition was measured using an octopolar and multi-frequency electrical bioimpedance analyser, and height was recorded using a telescopic measuring instrument. Cross-sectional study. The total sample was divided into two groups based on their performance level (ranking), 50th percentile (P1), and 100th percentile (P2).
Results
P1 presented a lower BMI, total body fat mass, and body fat mass in the trunk, arms, and legs (p < 0.05). Similarly, P1 reported a higher total body muscle mass and body muscle mass on the trunk, arms, and legs compared to the less level performance group (p < 0.05). In addition, P2 sailors were taller and heavier (p < 0.05). Regarding categories, the Windsurf sailors presented statistically significantly lower arm fat mass than the Monohull (p < 0.05). The Windsurf sailors showed differences between the two performance-level groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, comparing the high-level performance group in both categories, higher arm muscle mass on the Windsurfing sailors was detected (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
These findings could help to differentiate the anthropometric variables that determine sport performance in young elite sailors and could be used to differentiate the anthropometric variables in each category.
{"title":"Anthropometric characteristics of young elite sailors based on performance level","authors":"Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver , Israel Caraballo , Alejandro Pérez-Bey , Ángela Sánchez-Gómez , Raúl Domínguez","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><p>The aim of the present study was to analyse possible differences in anthropometric characteristics of elite sailors based on categories and performance level.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 42 young (aged 12–18 years) elite sailors (men = 31; women = 11) of the Monohull (n = 21) and Windsurfing (n = 21) categories composed the study sample. Testing was per-formed in one session the day before the start of an official and international competition. Body composition was measured using an octopolar and multi-frequency electrical bioimpedance analyser, and height was recorded using a telescopic measuring instrument. Cross-sectional study. The total sample was divided into two groups based on their performance level (ranking), 50th percentile (P1), and 100th percentile (P2).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>P1 presented a lower BMI, total body fat mass, and body fat mass in the trunk, arms, and legs (p < 0.05). Similarly, P1 reported a higher total body muscle mass and body muscle mass on the trunk, arms, and legs compared to the less level performance group (p < 0.05). In addition, P2 sailors were taller and heavier (p < 0.05). Regarding categories, the Windsurf sailors presented statistically significantly lower arm fat mass than the Monohull (p < 0.05). The Windsurf sailors showed differences between the two performance-level groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, comparing the high-level performance group in both categories, higher arm muscle mass on the Windsurfing sailors was detected (p < 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings could help to differentiate the anthropometric variables that determine sport performance in young elite sailors and could be used to differentiate the anthropometric variables in each category.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 125-130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/6f/main.PMC9761375.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10446803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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