Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.006
Y. Liu , S.X. Liu , R.K.W. Sum , M.J. Duncan , Y.D. Gu , M.H. Li
Objectives
Emerging evidence indicates that the composition of movement behaviours within a 24-h period is associated with multiple health benefits across the lifespan. A concept that emphasises an individual's active lifestyle is physical literacy (PL), yet empirical research exploring the potential associations between PL and 24-h movement guidelines remains scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between levels of PL and adherence to the guidelines among Chinese university students.
Study design
A cross-sectional study.
Methods
Seven hundred and ninety-eight university students (390 male, 19.2 ± 1.2 years) completed all the measurements. Levels of PL and participants’ adherence to guidelines including physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep were self-reported through Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Two-way ANOVA was conducted to determine the associations between the number of guidelines met (0, 1, 2, or 3) and levels of PL.
Results
The results demonstrate that 36.5% (n = 291) of the participants met all the three guidelines, while 4.1% (n = 33) met none. Further analysis indicated that meeting physical activity or sedentary behaviour guidelines was associated with significantly higher total PL scores, and scores in the sub-domains of Confidence and Physical Competence and Motivation.
Conclusions
The findings provide evidence that young adults who obtained higher PL scores may meet more guidelines during a 24-h period. Future studies should incorporate accelerometer-based physical activity measurements and investigate the causal relationship between PL and adherence to the movement guidelines.
{"title":"Associations between levels of physical literacy and adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines among university students: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Y. Liu , S.X. Liu , R.K.W. Sum , M.J. Duncan , Y.D. Gu , M.H. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Emerging evidence indicates that the composition of movement behaviours within a 24-h period is associated with multiple health benefits across the lifespan. A concept that emphasises an individual's active lifestyle is physical literacy (PL), yet empirical research exploring the potential associations between PL and 24-h movement guidelines remains scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between levels of PL and adherence to the guidelines among Chinese university students.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>A cross-sectional study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seven hundred and ninety-eight university students (390 male, 19.2 ± 1.2 years) completed all the measurements. Levels of PL and participants’ adherence to guidelines including physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep were self-reported through Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Two-way ANOVA was conducted to determine the associations between the number of guidelines met (0, 1, 2, or 3) and levels of PL.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results demonstrate that 36.5% (n = 291) of the participants met all the three guidelines, while 4.1% (n = 33) met none. Further analysis indicated that meeting physical activity or sedentary behaviour guidelines was associated with significantly higher total PL scores, and scores in the sub-domains of Confidence and Physical Competence and Motivation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings provide evidence that young adults who obtained higher PL scores may meet more guidelines during a 24-h period. Future studies should incorporate accelerometer-based physical activity measurements and investigate the causal relationship between PL and adherence to the movement guidelines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 221-226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000224/pdfft?md5=192df6c57871afb492c2450fef4e1c46&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000224-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.007
Jinde Liu, Stanley Sai-chuen Hui, Yijian Yang, Cindy Hui-ping Sit
Background/objective
Previous studies have indicated that mind-body exercises can reduce pain and improve function for patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Yi Jin Bang is a novel home-based Chinese mind-body Qigong exercise for shoulder pain. However, few studies have evaluated its effects on subacromial pain syndrome. This study aimed to compare the effects of Yi Jin Bang with conventional exercises for subacromial pain syndrome.
Methods
Adults with subacromial pain syndrome (N = 105; mean [SD] age, 37 [16] years; 73 females [70%]; median [IQR] duration of symptoms, 12 [6–24] months) were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 53) or the control group (n = 52). The experimental group performed home-based Yi Jin Bang exercises, whereas the control group performed home-based conventional exercises (stretching, strengthening, and motor control exercises). Both interventions were performed four times a week for 16 weeks. The primary outcome was the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Secondary outcomes included current shoulder pain intensity, active shoulder range of motion, back scratch test, isometric shoulder strength, and health-related quality of life. Assessments were performed at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. The primary endpoint was week 16.
Results
No significant between-group difference was observed in the SPADI score at week 16 (mean difference, Yi Jin Bang minus conventional exercise, 0.14, 95% confidence interval −2.96 to 3.24; p = 0.93).
Conclusion
There were no differences between Yi Jin Bang and conventional exercises in improving pain, disability, shoulder mobility, shoulder strength, and quality of life for people with subacromial pain syndrome.
{"title":"Effects of Yi Jin Bang versus conventional exercise therapy in people with subacromial pain syndrome: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Jinde Liu, Stanley Sai-chuen Hui, Yijian Yang, Cindy Hui-ping Sit","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><p>Previous studies have indicated that mind-body exercises can reduce pain and improve function for patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Yi Jin Bang is a novel home-based Chinese mind-body Qigong exercise for shoulder pain. However, few studies have evaluated its effects on subacromial pain syndrome. This study aimed to compare the effects of Yi Jin Bang with conventional exercises for subacromial pain syndrome.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Adults with subacromial pain syndrome (N = 105; mean [SD] age, 37 [16] years; 73 females [70%]; median [IQR] duration of symptoms, 12 [6–24] months) were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 53) or the control group (n = 52). The experimental group performed home-based Yi Jin Bang exercises, whereas the control group performed home-based conventional exercises (stretching, strengthening, and motor control exercises). Both interventions were performed four times a week for 16 weeks. The primary outcome was the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Secondary outcomes included current shoulder pain intensity, active shoulder range of motion, back scratch test, isometric shoulder strength, and health-related quality of life. Assessments were performed at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. The primary endpoint was week 16.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No significant between-group difference was observed in the SPADI score at week 16 (mean difference, Yi Jin Bang minus conventional exercise, 0.14, 95% confidence interval −2.96 to 3.24; <em>p</em> = 0.93).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There were no differences between Yi Jin Bang and conventional exercises in improving pain, disability, shoulder mobility, shoulder strength, and quality of life for people with subacromial pain syndrome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 237-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000236/pdfft?md5=5b15ead0aef33753e5a4c1f83f4771f8&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000236-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.004
Jeff M. Moore , Hannah Salmons , Cameron Vinoskey , Shirin Hooshmand , Jochen Kressler
Background
Glycemic markers, including postprandial glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance, are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality in individuals with and without diabetes. Stair-climbing and -descending (SCD) at a comfortable pace for 3 minutes after a sugary beverage (300 kilocalories; 100% carbohydrate) lowers insulin, with insulin sensitivity improving in 10 minutes. If similar benefits are seen following consumption of a mixed meal is unknown. We hypothesize SCD will improve these markers in a dose-response manner following a mixed meal.
Methods
In a randomized, controlled, crossover trial, young adults (N = 31) performed SCD for 0 (seated control), 1, 3, and 10 minutes after a mixed meal (650 kilocalories; 53% carbohydrates, 33% fat, and 14% protein). Differences in glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity (ISI) from baseline to 30 min were analyzed using a mixed-effects ANOVA.
Results
A significant fixed-effect was found for change in glucose [F(2.551,67.17) = 4.724,p = 0.007)], insulin [F(2.692,74.49) = 11.28,p < 0.001)], and ISI [F(2.127,56.00) = 5.848,p = 0.004)]. Compared to the seated control (0 minutes), changes in glucose were lower after 1 minute (−14.0 (−7.2)mg/dL,p < 0.001), 3 minutes (−18.4 (−7.0)mg/dL,p = 0.0007), and 10 minutes (−10.0 (−8.1)mg/dL,p = 0.039); changes in insulin were lower after 1 minute (−1.8 (−0.9)μIU/mL,p = 0.0011), 3 minutes (−2.8 (−0.9)μIU/mL,p < 0.001), and 10 minutes (−1.1 (−0.9)μIU/mL,p = 0.033); and changes in ISI were significantly higher after 3 minutes (2.4 (1.5),p < 0.001) and 10 minutes (1.3 (1.6),p = 0.014) but not 1 minute (1.2 (1.5),p = 0.059).
Conclusion
Postprandial glucose and insulin improved with 1 minute, and insulin resistance improved with 3 minutes, of SCD at a self-selected, comfortable pace, after consumption of a mixed meal in apparently healthy young adults.
{"title":"One minute of stair climbing and descending reduces postprandial insulin and glucose with 3-min improving insulin resistance following a mixed meal in young adults: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial","authors":"Jeff M. Moore , Hannah Salmons , Cameron Vinoskey , Shirin Hooshmand , Jochen Kressler","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Glycemic markers, including postprandial glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance, are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality in individuals with and without diabetes. Stair-climbing and -descending (SCD) at a comfortable pace for 3 minutes after a sugary beverage (300 kilocalories; 100% carbohydrate) lowers insulin, with insulin sensitivity improving in 10 minutes. If similar benefits are seen following consumption of a mixed meal is unknown. We hypothesize SCD will improve these markers in a dose-response manner following a mixed meal.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In a randomized, controlled, crossover trial, young adults (N = 31) performed SCD for 0 (seated control), 1, 3, and 10 minutes after a mixed meal (650 kilocalories; 53% carbohydrates, 33% fat, and 14% protein). Differences in glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity (ISI) from baseline to 30 min were analyzed using a mixed-effects ANOVA.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A significant fixed-effect was found for change in glucose [F(2.551,67.17) = 4.724,p = 0.007)], insulin [F(2.692,74.49) = 11.28,p < 0.001)], and ISI [F(2.127,56.00) = 5.848,p = 0.004)]. Compared to the seated control (0 minutes), changes in glucose were lower after 1 minute (−14.0 (−7.2)mg/dL,p < 0.001), 3 minutes (−18.4 (−7.0)mg/dL,p = 0.0007), and 10 minutes (−10.0 (−8.1)mg/dL,p = 0.039); changes in insulin were lower after 1 minute (−1.8 (−0.9)μIU/mL,p = 0.0011), 3 minutes (−2.8 (−0.9)μIU/mL,p < 0.001), and 10 minutes (−1.1 (−0.9)μIU/mL,p = 0.033); and changes in ISI were significantly higher after 3 minutes (2.4 (1.5),p < 0.001) and 10 minutes (1.3 (1.6),p = 0.014) but not 1 minute (1.2 (1.5),p = 0.059).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Postprandial glucose and insulin improved with 1 minute, and insulin resistance improved with 3 minutes, of SCD at a self-selected, comfortable pace, after consumption of a mixed meal in apparently healthy young adults.</p></div><div><h3>Protocol</h3><p>Trial registration: <span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg> Identifier: NCT04232475.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 266-270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000200/pdfft?md5=862dbf72c8a41d672ed629418a13a215&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.005
Nicola Ceglie, Annamaria Petito, Giuseppe Cibelli
Background/objective
Given the persistence of COVID-19 under various facets and mutations, there is an urgent need to understand the debate on a safe return to play for professional athletes (young and adults) recovering from the infection. This work offers a scoping and comprehensive review on the topic during the first two years of the pandemic event by providing an identification of main clusters of research, relevant gaps and significant insights for future investigation.
Methods
The literature is selected using the search engines of: PubMed®, SCIENCEDIRECT, and SCOPUS. Further criteria for selection are: Time range of 2020–2022; Scope: Return to play of professional athletes recovering from COVID-19 infection; 3) Types of publications: Research papers, reviews, practice guidelines, case reports; 4) Language: English. Two independent researchers performed a quality check on a random sample (n = 30%) of publications.
Results
Main results reveal four research clusters deepening the analysis on: myocarditis, cardiac diseases and return to play, training and rehabilitation, mass screening and risk assessment, and sport and bio-psycho-social sphere for a safe return to play. Major collaborations occur between UK-South Africa, UK-USA, USA-Canada, and USA-Australia.
Conclusions
Important gaps refer to a lack of investigation on a safe return to play for female athletes in mostly all sports disciplines; on the other hand, sport and the bio-psycho-social sphere of the athlete is a fast-growing topic. Both deserve further attention in the immediate future to improve ad-hoc sport and exercise practices.
{"title":"Return to play of young and adult professional athletes after COVID-19: A scoping review","authors":"Nicola Ceglie, Annamaria Petito, Giuseppe Cibelli","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><p>Given the persistence of COVID-19 under various facets and mutations, there is an urgent need to understand the debate on a safe return to play for professional athletes (young and adults) recovering from the infection. This work offers a scoping and comprehensive review on the topic during the first two years of the pandemic event by providing an identification of main clusters of research, relevant gaps and significant insights for future investigation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The literature is selected using the search engines of: <em>PubMed®</em>, SCIENCEDIRECT, and SCOPUS. Further criteria for selection are: Time range of 2020–2022; Scope: Return to play of professional athletes recovering from COVID-19 infection; 3) Types of publications: Research papers, reviews, practice guidelines, case reports; 4) Language: English. Two independent researchers performed a quality check on a random sample (n = 30%) of publications.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Main results reveal four research clusters deepening the analysis on: myocarditis, cardiac diseases and return to play, training and rehabilitation, mass screening and risk assessment, and sport and bio-psycho-social sphere for a safe return to play. Major collaborations occur between UK-South Africa, UK-USA, USA-Canada, and USA-Australia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Important gaps refer to a lack of investigation on a safe return to play for female athletes in mostly all sports disciplines; on the other hand, sport and the bio-psycho-social sphere of the athlete is a fast-growing topic. Both deserve further attention in the immediate future to improve ad-hoc sport and exercise practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 208-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000212/pdfft?md5=0aca97d0a8c7f6fd158fbf3b76e8d2b7&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000212-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140191946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.003
Ming Yu Claudia Wong , Kai-ling Ou , Wing Sum Wong , Sze Sze Hon , Pak Kwong Chung
Background/objectives
The study aimed to examine the physical fitness and activity levels of kindergarteners in Hong Kong during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Methods
A total of 2052 kindergarteners (48% girls; 32.9% Grade 1, 34% Grade 2, and 33.1% Grade 3) were recruited from July 2020 to November 2021. Participants completed the physical fitness tests, including body composition, flexibility, lower-limb muscle strength, upper-limb muscle strength, lower-limb muscle endurance, and agility. Children's physical activity and overall well-being were examined using parental proxy reports. Parents also reported their physical activity and parental support to children's physical activity engagement, as well as their perception of children's kindergarten physical activity environment. Fitness differences by age and gender were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA measuring effect size with partial eta-squared. Additionally, correlations assessed the relationship between children's fitness and parents' proxy reports.
Results
The results of the physical fitness tests were higher than those in previous studies conducted by the Physical Fitness Association of Hong Kong in 2015–2018. Gender-based differences were observed in most tests for children aged 4 years and older, with boys showing higher scores in the standing long jump, shot put, and balance tests, while girls had higher scores in the sit-and-reach test. Parents' proxy questionnaire answers indicated that children's continuous jump test performances were significantly related to their frequency of physical activity per week (r = 0.19, p < 0.001), and that children's health was significantly and positively correlated with their fitness level (r = 0.179, p < 0.009). Inadequate school physical activity was associated with poor upper-limb strength (r = 0.078, p < 0.005). Moreover, a high level of parental support for their children's participation in physical activity was correlated with a high level of parental participation in vigorous-intensity physical activities (r = 0.167, p < 0.005).
Conclusion
The physical fitness of children in Hong Kong was less affected by the epidemic. Parents' healthy behaviors and support were related to children's participation in PA. Efforts to improve children's physical fitness and motor development should include parent education and physical activity involvement.
{"title":"Physical fitness levels and trends of kindergarteners in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Ming Yu Claudia Wong , Kai-ling Ou , Wing Sum Wong , Sze Sze Hon , Pak Kwong Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><p>The study aimed to examine the physical fitness and activity levels of kindergarteners in Hong Kong during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 2052 kindergarteners (48% girls; 32.9% Grade 1, 34% Grade 2, and 33.1% Grade 3) were recruited from July 2020 to November 2021. Participants completed the physical fitness tests, including body composition, flexibility, lower-limb muscle strength, upper-limb muscle strength, lower-limb muscle endurance, and agility. Children's physical activity and overall well-being were examined using parental proxy reports. Parents also reported their physical activity and parental support to children's physical activity engagement, as well as their perception of children's kindergarten physical activity environment. Fitness differences by age and gender were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA measuring effect size with partial eta-squared. Additionally, correlations assessed the relationship between children's fitness and parents' proxy reports.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the physical fitness tests were higher than those in previous studies conducted by the Physical Fitness Association of Hong Kong in 2015–2018. Gender-based differences were observed in most tests for children aged 4 years and older, with boys showing higher scores in the standing long jump, shot put, and balance tests, while girls had higher scores in the sit-and-reach test. Parents' proxy questionnaire answers indicated that children's continuous jump test performances were significantly related to their frequency of physical activity per week (r = 0.19, p < 0.001), and that children's health was significantly and positively correlated with their fitness level (r = 0.179, p < 0.009). Inadequate school physical activity was associated with poor upper-limb strength (r = 0.078, p < 0.005). Moreover, a high level of parental support for their children's participation in physical activity was correlated with a high level of parental participation in vigorous-intensity physical activities (r = 0.167, p < 0.005).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The physical fitness of children in Hong Kong was less affected by the epidemic. Parents' healthy behaviors and support were related to children's participation in PA. Efforts to improve children's physical fitness and motor development should include parent education and physical activity involvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 202-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000194/pdfft?md5=dafb82feb67eb338ade0e95f530fe9b9&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000194-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140187929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.002
Huiqi Song , Patrick W.C. Lau , Jingjing Wang , Yunfei Liu , Yi Song , Lei Shi
Background/Objectives
This study examined the relationships between 24-h movement behaviors and physical fitness (PF) in preschool children.
Methods
The study was conducted on 474 children aged 3–6 years in Zhuhai. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were collected by the accelerometer, and sleep time was assessed through the parent-report questionnaire. Balance, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, muscle strength, muscular endurance, and speed-agility were measured using a balance beam test, 20 m shuttle run test, sit and reach test, handgrip test, sit-ups, and 4 × 10 m shuttle run test respectively. The compositional data analysis was used to examine the association between 24-h movement behaviors and PF, and the compositional isotemporal substitution analysis was used for the time reallocation.
Results
The daily composition, adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), was significantly associated with CRF (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.20), flexibility (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.07), muscular strength (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.37), muscular endurance (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.26), and speed-agility (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.26). The addition of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) at the expense of SB and sleep, MVPA at the cost of sleep, was associated with significant muscular strength and speed-agility improvements respectively. The impact of SB and sleep replacing MVPA is stronger than MVPA replacing SB and sleep on muscular strength.
Conclusion
These findings offer useful insight for the replacement of movement behaviors within the recommended range to facilitate PF development in early childhood.
{"title":"24-H movement behaviors and physical fitness in preschoolers: A compositional and isotemporal reallocation analysis","authors":"Huiqi Song , Patrick W.C. Lau , Jingjing Wang , Yunfei Liu , Yi Song , Lei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><p>This study examined the relationships between 24-h movement behaviors and physical fitness (PF) in preschool children.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study was conducted on 474 children aged 3–6 years in Zhuhai. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were collected by the accelerometer, and sleep time was assessed through the parent-report questionnaire. Balance, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, muscle strength, muscular endurance, and speed-agility were measured using a balance beam test, 20 m shuttle run test, sit and reach test, handgrip test, sit-ups, and 4 × 10 m shuttle run test respectively. The compositional data analysis was used to examine the association between 24-h movement behaviors and PF, and the compositional isotemporal substitution analysis was used for the time reallocation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The daily composition, adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), was significantly associated with CRF (p < 0.001, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.20), flexibility (p < 0.001, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.07), muscular strength (p < 0.001, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.37), muscular endurance (p < 0.001, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.26), and speed-agility (p < 0.001, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.26). The addition of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) at the expense of SB and sleep, MVPA at the cost of sleep, was associated with significant muscular strength and speed-agility improvements respectively. The impact of SB and sleep replacing MVPA is stronger than MVPA replacing SB and sleep on muscular strength.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings offer useful insight for the replacement of movement behaviors within the recommended range to facilitate PF development in early childhood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000182/pdfft?md5=f4c9556613e657f64e236798bd1acdff&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140163870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.001
Francesco Recchia , Angus P. Yu , Teryn C. Ng , Daniel Y. Fong , Derwin K.C. Chan , Calvin P. Cheng , Stanley S.C. Hui , Chenchen Wang , Parco M. Siu
Background
Insomnia and depression are prevalent mental disorders that are often comorbid among older adults. Lifestyle intervention strategies incorporating Tai Chi or conventional exercise have been shown to alleviate symptoms of insomnia and depression. However, the comparative efficacy of these exercise modalities in individuals with both disorders has yet to be determined. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of Tai Chi and conventional exercise for reducing depressive symptoms in older adults with chronic insomnia and depressive symptoms, when compared to a health education control.
Methods
This study is a prospective, assessor-blinded, three-arm, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. Older adults aged ≥60 years with a diagnosis of chronic insomnia and depressive symptoms will be randomly assigned to a Tai Chi, conventional exercise or health education control condition on a 1:1:1 basis. Interventions will last for 3 months, with a 6-month follow-up period. The primary outcome is depressive symptoms, assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Secondary outcomes include subjective sleep quality, 7-day actigraphy, 7-day sleep diary, anxiety symptoms, quality of life, medication usage and physical function. All measurements will be conducted at baseline, 3 months and 9 months by outcome assessors who are blinded to group allocation.
Discussion
This study will compare the efficacy of Tai Chi and conventional exercise in improving depression outcomes in older adults with chronic insomnia and depressive symptoms. Our results will shed light on the clinical potential of these interventions for combating insomnia and depression in older adults.
{"title":"Study protocol for a comparative randomized controlled trial of Tai Chi and conventional exercise training on alleviating depression in older insomniacs","authors":"Francesco Recchia , Angus P. Yu , Teryn C. Ng , Daniel Y. Fong , Derwin K.C. Chan , Calvin P. Cheng , Stanley S.C. Hui , Chenchen Wang , Parco M. Siu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Insomnia and depression are prevalent mental disorders that are often comorbid among older adults. Lifestyle intervention strategies incorporating Tai Chi or conventional exercise have been shown to alleviate symptoms of insomnia and depression. However, the comparative efficacy of these exercise modalities in individuals with both disorders has yet to be determined. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of Tai Chi and conventional exercise for reducing depressive symptoms in older adults with chronic insomnia and depressive symptoms, when compared to a health education control.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study is a prospective, assessor-blinded, three-arm, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. Older adults aged ≥60 years with a diagnosis of chronic insomnia and depressive symptoms will be randomly assigned to a Tai Chi, conventional exercise or health education control condition on a 1:1:1 basis. Interventions will last for 3 months, with a 6-month follow-up period. The primary outcome is depressive symptoms, assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Secondary outcomes include subjective sleep quality, 7-day actigraphy, 7-day sleep diary, anxiety symptoms, quality of life, medication usage and physical function. All measurements will be conducted at baseline, 3 months and 9 months by outcome assessors who are blinded to group allocation.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>This study will compare the efficacy of Tai Chi and conventional exercise in improving depression outcomes in older adults with chronic insomnia and depressive symptoms. Our results will shed light on the clinical potential of these interventions for combating insomnia and depression in older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 194-201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000170/pdfft?md5=a90a4aa284fdbb4bda01efc8118adc95&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000170-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.002
José Francisco López-Gil , Pilar Sainz de Baranda , Noelia González-Gálvez , Eduardo Segarra-Vicens , Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela , Antonio Avellaneda , María Alegría Avilés-Martínez , Sergio López Barrancos , Miguel Díaz Delgado , Desirée Victoria-Montesinos , Fernando Ureña Villanueva , Pedro Emilio Alcaraz
Objective
The aim of this review was to summarize the process and results of the Region of Murcia's 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth.
Methods
Indicators from the Global Matrix initiative (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport & Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, Active Play, Active Transport, Sedentary Behaviors, Family & Peers, School, Community & Environment, and Government) were evaluated based on the best available data in the Region of Murcia.
Results
Active play was the indicator with the highest grade (B+), followed by Organized Sport & Physical Activity (B) and Active Play (B). School and Family and Peers indicators obtained a C+ and C grade, respectively. Both Community and Environment and Sedentary Behaviors indicators received a D+ grade. The grade for Overall Physical Activity and Government indicators was D. Physical Fitness was the indicator with the lowest grade of this Report Card (D−). None of the indicators received an incomplete grade (INC) because of a lack of available information.
Conclusions
The present Report Card offers evidence highlighting the low level of physical activity in Spanish children and adolescents living in the Region of Murcia. Further studies and surveillance efforts are urgently needed for most of the indicators analyzed, which should be addressed by researchers and the Region of Murcia's Government for this specific population. A strong commitment from the Government of the Region of Murcia is needed at all levels to promote a cultural change that will lead children and young people in this region to improve the current situation.
{"title":"Region of Murcia’s 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth","authors":"José Francisco López-Gil , Pilar Sainz de Baranda , Noelia González-Gálvez , Eduardo Segarra-Vicens , Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela , Antonio Avellaneda , María Alegría Avilés-Martínez , Sergio López Barrancos , Miguel Díaz Delgado , Desirée Victoria-Montesinos , Fernando Ureña Villanueva , Pedro Emilio Alcaraz","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this review was to summarize the process and results of the Region of Murcia's 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Indicators from the Global Matrix initiative (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport & Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, Active Play, Active Transport, Sedentary Behaviors, Family & Peers, School, Community & Environment, and Government) were evaluated based on the best available data in the Region of Murcia.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Active play was the indicator with the highest grade (B+), followed by Organized Sport & Physical Activity (B) and Active Play (B). School and Family and Peers indicators obtained a C+ and C grade, respectively. Both Community and Environment and Sedentary Behaviors indicators received a D+ grade. The grade for Overall Physical Activity and Government indicators was D. Physical Fitness was the indicator with the lowest grade of this Report Card (D−). None of the indicators received an incomplete grade (INC) because of a lack of available information.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The present Report Card offers evidence highlighting the low level of physical activity in Spanish children and adolescents living in the Region of Murcia. Further studies and surveillance efforts are urgently needed for most of the indicators analyzed, which should be addressed by researchers and the Region of Murcia's Government for this specific population. A strong commitment from the Government of the Region of Murcia is needed at all levels to promote a cultural change that will lead children and young people in this region to improve the current situation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 227-236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X2400011X/pdfft?md5=d5fa5ccf05c084eae2018bc10fe18b6a&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X2400011X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140076129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.007
Hajed M. Al-Otaibi , Francesco Sartor , Hans-Peter Kubis
Background/objectives
Respiratory muscle training (RMT) was recognized as an effective means to improve respiratory muscle (RM) strength and enhance exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of low-intensity RMT on RM strength, pulmonary function, and performance.
Methods
Fourteen healthy active adults were assigned randomly to either a training or placebo group. The training group completed six weeks of RMT, which consisted of a first week, 1 set of 15 min/d, 5 d/wk at 10–25% of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), and the remaining 5 weeks, 2 sets of 15 min/d, 5 d/wk, at 30% PImax. The placebo group followed the same protocol but with almost no additional ventilatory resistance. Measurement of RM strength and endurance, spirometry, and endurance exercise performance were obtained before and after the RMT program.
Results
In the training group, PImax (+14%) and maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax, +27%), forced vital capacity (FVC, +3.6%), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max, +11%), and time to exhaustion (Tlim90%, +25%) increased significantly from baseline values (P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the placebo group. Also, no significant interaction in maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV12), minute ventilation (VE), and respiratory rate (RR) were detected.
Conclusions
These data suggest that low-intensity RMT is an effective tool to improve RM strength, pulmonary elastic properties and endurance exercise performance.
{"title":"The influence of low resistance respiratory muscle training on pulmonary function and high intensity exercise performance","authors":"Hajed M. Al-Otaibi , Francesco Sartor , Hans-Peter Kubis","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><p>Respiratory muscle training (RMT) was recognized as an effective means to improve respiratory muscle (RM) strength and enhance exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of low-intensity RMT on RM strength, pulmonary function, and performance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fourteen healthy active adults were assigned randomly to either a training or placebo group. The training group completed six weeks of RMT, which consisted of a first week, 1 set of 15 min/d, 5 d/wk at 10–25% of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), and the remaining 5 weeks, 2 sets of 15 min/d, 5 d/wk, at 30% PImax. The placebo group followed the same protocol but with almost no additional ventilatory resistance. Measurement of RM strength and endurance, spirometry, and endurance exercise performance were obtained before and after the RMT program.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the training group, PImax (+14%) and maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax, +27%), forced vital capacity (FVC, +3.6%), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max, +11%), and time to exhaustion (Tlim90%, +25%) increased significantly from baseline values (P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the placebo group. Also, no significant interaction in maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV12), minute ventilation (VE), and respiratory rate (RR) were detected.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These data suggest that low-intensity RMT is an effective tool to improve RM strength, pulmonary elastic properties and endurance exercise performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000169/pdfft?md5=f5ec06127e194fff4ba25f5f45fc6795&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000169-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140052405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.004
Teng Zhang , Li Li , Jan M. Hondzinski , Min Mao , Wei Sun , Qipeng Song
Objective
To investigate the effect of a 16-week Tai Chi practice on strength, tactile sensation, kinesthesia, and static postural control among older adults of different age groups.
Methods
This is a quasi-experimental study. Thirteen participants aged 60–69 years (60–69yr), 11 aged 70–79 years (70–79yr), and 13 aged 80–89 years (80–89yr) completed 16 weeks of 24-form Tai Chi practice. Their ankle and hip peak torque, tactile sensation, ankle and knee kinesthesia, and the root mean square of the center of pressure (Cop-RMS) were measured before (week 0) and after (week 17) practice.
Results
80–89yr showed less ankle plantar/dorsiflexion and hip abduction peak torques (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p = 0.001), and a greater ankle plantar/dorsiflexion kinesthesia (p < 0.001, p = 0.002) than 60–69yr and 70–79yr. Greater ankle plantar/dorsiflexion and hip abduction torques (p = 0.011, p < 0.001, p = 0.045), improved arch and heel tactile sensation (p = 0.040, p = 0.009), and lower knee flexion/extension kinesthesia (p < 0.001, p = 0.044) were observed at week 17. The significant group*practice interaction for the fifth metatarsal head tactile sensation (p = 0.027), ankle plantar/dorsiflexion kinesthesia (p < 0.001, p = 0.004), and the CoP-RMS in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.047) only in 80–89yr revealed greater improvement at week 17.
Conclusion
Tai Chi practice increased strength, tactile sensation, kinesthesia, and static postural control among older adults. Tai Chi practice improved tactile, kinesthesia sensations, and static postural control among older adults over 80, who presented with worse strength and kinesthesia than their younger counterparts. Tai Chi practice offers a safe exercise option for those aged over 80 to encourage improvements in sensorimotor control.
{"title":"Tai Chi counteracts age-related somatosensation and postural control declines among older adults","authors":"Teng Zhang , Li Li , Jan M. Hondzinski , Min Mao , Wei Sun , Qipeng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the effect of a 16-week Tai Chi practice on strength, tactile sensation, kinesthesia, and static postural control among older adults of different age groups.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a quasi-experimental study. Thirteen participants aged 60–69 years (60–69yr), 11 aged 70–79 years (70–79yr), and 13 aged 80–89 years (80–89yr) completed 16 weeks of 24-form Tai Chi practice. Their ankle and hip peak torque, tactile sensation, ankle and knee kinesthesia, and the root mean square of the center of pressure (Cop-RMS) were measured before (week 0) and after (week 17) practice.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>80–89yr showed less ankle plantar/dorsiflexion and hip abduction peak torques (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p = 0.001), and a greater ankle plantar/dorsiflexion kinesthesia (p < 0.001, p = 0.002) than 60–69yr and 70–79yr. Greater ankle plantar/dorsiflexion and hip abduction torques (p = 0.011, p < 0.001, p = 0.045), improved arch and heel tactile sensation (p = 0.040, p = 0.009), and lower knee flexion/extension kinesthesia (p < 0.001, p = 0.044) were observed at week 17. The significant group*practice interaction for the fifth metatarsal head tactile sensation (p = 0.027), ankle plantar/dorsiflexion kinesthesia (p < 0.001, p = 0.004), and the CoP-RMS in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.047) only in 80–89yr revealed greater improvement at week 17.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Tai Chi practice increased strength, tactile sensation, kinesthesia, and static postural control among older adults. Tai Chi practice improved tactile, kinesthesia sensations, and static postural control among older adults over 80, who presented with worse strength and kinesthesia than their younger counterparts. Tai Chi practice offers a safe exercise option for those aged over 80 to encourage improvements in sensorimotor control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000133/pdfft?md5=3fd4578160ab5014cd3a5ec3f687d45a&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000133-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139992809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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