Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献_第5页

Association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and the triglyceride glucose index and its derived indices: evidence from NHANES 2013–2018 久坐行为、身体活动与甘油三酯葡萄糖指数及其衍生指数之间的关联：来自NHANES 2013-2018的证据

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.10.003

Minghui Du , Longwei Chen , Yan Li , Liang Xia , Yueying Liu , Mengyue Guo , Zeyi Zhang , Yunan Li

Background

While sedentary behavior and physical activity have been associated with the TyG index, their associations with TyG-derived indices and their potential interaction remain unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the independent and interactive associations of sedentary behavior and physical activity with the TyG index and its derived indices.

Methods

This cross-sectional analysis used NHANES 2013–2018 data. We employed survey-weighted multivariate regression and restricted cubic splines to evaluate independent and nonlinear associations. Multiplicative interaction terms were used to examine if physical activity levels altered the association between sedentary behavior and outcomes.

Results

After multivariable adjustment, longer sedentary time was significantly associated with higher TyG index (β = 0.0051, p < 0.0001), TyG-BMI (β = 1.1395, p < 0.0001), TyG-WHtR (β = 0.0163, p < 0.0001) and TyG-WC (β = 3.0860, p < 0.0001). Higher physical activity showed inverse associations with TyG (β = −0.0039, p < 0.0001), TyG-BMI (β = −0.2677, p = 0.0007), TyG-WHtR (β = −0.0054, p < 0.0001) and TyG-WC (β = −1.0057, p < 0.0001). Nonlinear relationships were observed between physical activity and TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR, and TyG-WC (p < 0.01). Significant interactions existed between sedentary behavior and physical activity on TyG (p = 0.037), TyG-WHtR (p = 0.047) and TyG-WC (p = 0.047).

Conclusion

Prolonged sedentary behavior and lower physical activity showed associations with adverse profiles of the TyG index and its derivatives. Significant interactions between these behaviors were observed, indicating a particularly important combined association with central obesity-related indices. Integrating reductions in sedentary time with increases in physical activity could represent a synergistic approach for improving metabolic health.

虽然久坐行为和体育活动与TyG指数有关，但它们与TyG衍生指数的关系及其潜在的相互作用尚不清楚。目的探讨久坐行为和体力活动与TyG指数及其衍生指数之间的独立和互动关系。方法采用NHANES 2013-2018数据进行横断面分析。我们采用调查加权多元回归和限制三次样条来评估独立的和非线性的关联。乘法交互项被用来检验身体活动水平是否改变了久坐行为和结果之间的联系。结果经多变量调整后，久坐时间较长与TyG指数（β = 0.0051, p < 0.0001）、TyG- bmi （β = 1.1395, p < 0.0001）、TyG- whtr （β = 0.0163, p < 0.0001）、TyG- wc （β = 3.0860, p < 0.0001）升高显著相关。高体力活动与TyG （β = - 0.0039, p < 0.0001）、TyG- bmi （β = - 0.2677, p = 0.0007）、TyG- whtr （β = - 0.0054, p < 0.0001）和TyG- wc （β = - 1.0057, p < 0.0001）呈负相关。体力活动与TyG-BMI、TyG-WHtR、TyG-WC呈非线性关系（p < 0.01）。久坐行为与身体活动在TyG （p = 0.037）、TyG- whtr （p = 0.047）和TyG- wc （p = 0.047）上存在显著交互作用。结论久坐行为和低体力活动与TyG指数及其衍生物的不良特征有关。观察到这些行为之间的显著相互作用，表明与中心肥胖相关指数特别重要的联合关联。将减少久坐时间与增加体力活动结合起来，可能是改善代谢健康的一种协同方法。

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引用次数: 0

Acute effects of blue and red light exposure on cognitive performance, exercise capacity, perceived effort, and dynamic balance: A randomized crossover study 蓝光和红光照射对认知表现、运动能力、感知努力和动态平衡的急性影响：一项随机交叉研究

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.08.003

Ukbe Sirayder , Merdan Orunoglu , Oguzhan Yilmaz

Background

This study investigated the acute effects of narrow-band blue (460 nm) and red (630 nm) light exposure on cognitive performance, exercise capacity, perceived fatigue, and dynamic balance in healthy young males. To our knowledge, this is the first randomized crossover study to systematically assess the combined impact of pre-exercise light exposure on both cognitive-motor integration and aerobic performance within an exercise context.

Methods

Fifty physically active young males participated in a randomized crossover design. Participants were exposed to either blue or red light, followed immediately by assessments of simple reaction time (SRT), Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) distance, heart rate, perceived exertion, and Y-Balance Test performance.

Results

Blue light exposure led to a significant and large improvement in SRT (Δ = −53.33 ms; p < 0.001, η²_p = 0.270) and enhanced dynamic balance. Red light exposure produced greater increases in ISWT distance (Δ = +36.98 m; p = 0.004, η²_p = 0.453) and significant reductions in perceived fatigue and dyspnea. A moderate positive correlation was observed between SRT improvement and ISWT distance under blue light (β = 0.1869, p = 0.008).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that short-term, wavelength-specific light exposure may optimize both cognitive and physiological readiness prior to exercise. These findings provide novel evidence supporting the integration of individualized light-based strategies in athletic preparation protocols.

本研究探讨了窄带蓝光（460 nm）和红光（630 nm）照射对健康年轻男性认知能力、运动能力、感知疲劳和动态平衡的急性影响。据我们所知，这是第一个随机交叉研究，系统地评估运动前光照对运动背景下认知-运动整合和有氧表现的综合影响。方法采用随机交叉设计，选取50名体力活跃的年轻男性。参与者被暴露在蓝光或红光下，随后立即评估简单反应时间（SRT）、增量穿梭行走测试（ISWT）距离、心率、感知运动和y -平衡测试的表现。结果蓝光照射可显著改善SRT （Δ =−53.33 ms; p < 0.001, η2p = 0.270），增强动态平衡。红光照射使ISWT距离增加（Δ = +36.98 m; p = 0.004, η2p = 0.453），感觉疲劳和呼吸困难明显减少。蓝光下SRT改善与ISWT距离呈正相关（β = 0.1869, p = 0.008）。该研究表明，短期特定波长的光照射可以优化运动前的认知和生理准备。这些发现提供了新的证据，支持在运动准备方案中整合个性化的基于光的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Replacement of leisure-time sedentary behavior with various physical activities and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis: evidence from the UK Biobank 用各种体育活动代替休闲时间的久坐行为和骨质疏松症的风险：来自英国生物银行的证据

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.09.003

Zhuoyao Tian , Yuhua Gao , Biying Zhou , Zhenger Fang , Guangjun Zheng , Haofeng Zhang , Fudong He , Xia Chen , Mingliang Liu , Yuan Wei , Liangming Li , Guang Hao , Shuang Peng

Objective

Associations between sedentary behavior (SB) during leisure time and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis are inconclusive. We aimed to examine the impact of replacing sedentary time with equivalent durations of various physical activities on the risk of developing osteoporosis.

Methods

This is a sub-study from the UK Biobank, in which heel bone mineral density (BMD) was measured via ultrasound densitometry among 193,600 participants. A Logistic regression model and an isotemporal substitution model were used in the analyses.

Results

In this study, 52,430 osteopenia cases were recorded, of which 2443 were defined as osteoporosis. In comparison to participants with leisure-time SB < 5 h/day, the odds ratio (OR) of osteoporosis risk was 1.38 (95 % confidence interval [CI): 1.17–1.62) for >8 h/day. Replacing 30 min/day of leisure sedentary time with an equal time spent in the walk for pleasure was associated with a 3 % decrease of osteopenia risk and an 8 % decrease of osteoporosis risk, and replacing 3 min of leisure-time SB with an equal amount of strenuous sports was significantly associated with a 4 % reduction in the risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia (OR = 0.96, 95 %CI: 0.93–0.98 and OR = 0.96, 95 %CI: 0.96–0.97). Furthermore, strenuous sports as an alternative to SBs was significantly associated with a lower risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis, especially in participants achieving 1.5–2.5 h of summer light hours.

Conclusion

Leisure-time SB was positively associated with the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Replacing sedentary time with equal time of PA and achieving 1.5–2.5 h of summer sun exposure could be an effective way to reduce osteopenia and osteoporosis burden.

目的：休闲时间久坐行为与骨质疏松风险之间的关系尚不明确。我们的目的是研究用相同时间的各种体育活动取代久坐时间对骨质疏松症发生风险的影响。方法：这是英国生物银行的一项子研究，其中193,600名参与者通过超声密度仪测量了脚跟骨矿物质密度（BMD）。在分析中使用了逻辑回归模型和等时间替代模型。结果本研究共记录52430例骨质减少病例，其中2443例为骨质疏松症。与休闲时间每天睡眠5小时的参与者相比，每天睡眠8小时的骨质疏松症风险的比值比（OR）为1.38（95%置信区间[CI]: 1.17-1.62）。将30分钟/天的休闲久坐时间换成等量的散步，骨质疏松风险降低3%，骨质疏松风险降低8%；将3分钟的休闲时间SB换成等量的剧烈运动，骨质疏松和骨质疏松风险显著降低4% （OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.98; OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.96 - 0.97）。此外，剧烈运动作为SBs的替代方案与骨质疏松症和骨质疏松症的风险较低显著相关，特别是在夏季光照时间达到1.5-2.5小时的参与者中。结论闲暇时间SB与骨质减少、骨质疏松风险呈正相关。以等量的PA时间代替久坐时间，达到1.5-2.5 h的夏季阳光照射，是减轻骨质减少和骨质疏松负担的有效途径。

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引用次数: 0

Cross-lagged analysis of mobile phone addiction, bedtime procrastination, and exercise self-efficacy among university students 大学生手机成瘾、睡前拖延症与运动自我效能感的交叉滞后分析

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.003

Zhou Xielin , Zhang Mu , Chen Lu , Li Bo

Purpose

Exercise self-efficacy refers to an individual's cognitive ability to believe that they can accomplish the goals and tasks of physical activity, which is particularly important for developing physical and mental health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between mobile phone addiction, bedtime procrastination, and exercise self-efficacy among college students, and to provide intervention directions and theoretical insights for developing college students' physical and mental health.

Methods

Using the College Students' Mobile Phone Addiction Scale, the Bedtime Procrastination Scale, and the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, a longitudinal follow-up survey of 407 college students in provinces X and Y was conducted at 3-month intervals in May 2024 (T1) and August 2024 (T2) to analyze the mechanism of the interaction between the College Students’ Mobile Phone Addiction Scale, the Bedtime Procrastination Scale and the exercise self-efficacy using cross-lagging.

Results

There was no significant difference between mobile phone addiction, bedtime procrastination, and exercise self-efficacy among college students in terms of gender, academic year, and age. It was found that T1 mobile phone addiction positively predicted T2 bedtime procrastination (β = 0.15, p < 0.05), while T1 bedtime procrastination positively predicted T2 mobile phone addiction (β = 0.15, p < 0.001), indicating that mobile phone addiction and bedtime procrastination predicted each other temporally. In addition, T1 bedtime procrastination negatively predicted T2 exercise self-efficacy (β = −0.10, p < 0.05) and T1 mobile phone addiction negatively predicted T2 exercise self-efficacy (β = −0.12, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

There was a longitudinal predictive relationship between cell phone addiction, bedtime procrastination, and exercise self-efficacy; cell phone addiction and bedtime procrastination predicted each other; bedtime procrastination predicted exercise self-efficacy; and cell phone addiction predicted exercise self-efficacy.

运动自我效能感是指个体相信自己能够完成体育活动的目标和任务的认知能力，这对发展身心健康尤为重要。因此，本研究旨在探讨手机成瘾、就寝拖延症与大学生运动自我效能感之间的关系，为促进大学生身心健康提供干预方向和理论见解。方法采用《大学生手机成瘾量表》、《就寝拖延量表》和《运动自我效能量表》，于2024年5月（T1）和2024年8月（T2）每隔3个月对X、Y两省407名大学生进行纵向随访调查，采用交叉滞后法分析《大学生手机成瘾量表》、《就寝拖延量表》与运动自我效能的交互作用机制。结果大学生手机成瘾、就寝拖延、运动自我效能感在性别、学年、年龄上均无显著差异。结果发现，T1期手机成瘾正预测T2期睡前拖延症(β = 0.15, p <；T1睡前拖延症正向预测T2手机成瘾(β = 0.15, p <；0.001)，表明手机成瘾和睡前拖延症在时间上是相互预测的。此外，T1睡前拖延症对T2运动自我效能负向预测(β = - 0.10, p <；0.05)， T1手机成瘾负向预测T2运动自我效能(β = - 0.12, p <；0.05)。结论手机成瘾、就寝拖延症与运动自我效能感存在纵向预测关系；手机成瘾和睡前拖延症相互预示；睡前拖延症预测运动自我效能；手机成瘾预示着运动自我效能。

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引用次数: 0

Acute effects of ischemic preconditioning and isometric exercise on blood pressure in prehypertensive males 缺血预处理和等长运动对高血压前期男性血压的急性影响

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.10.005

Kheng Win Khor , Kuan-Yu Lin , Chih-Wen Hsu , Jong-Shyan Wang

Objective

This study investigates whether 5-min ischemic preconditioning (IR5) more effectively reduces submaximal exercise blood pressure and improves muscle oxygenation compared to 2-min ischemia (IR2) or 2-min isometric priming (IM2).

Methods

Twenty untrained men (10 prehypertensive; 10 normotensive) completed, in randomized order, IR5 (3 × 5 min bilateral limb occlusion at 220 mmHg), IR2 (3 × 2 min bilateral occlusion), and IM2 (3 × 2 min 30 % maximal voluntary contraction isometric knee extension), each followed by the submaximal exercise test. Outcomes were exercise heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation including Δdeoxyhemoglobin (ΔHHb), Δtotal hemoglobin (ΔtHb), and Δtissue saturation index (ΔTSI).

Results

IR5 significantly attenuated the submaximal pressor response, reducing SBP by mean difference (MD) = −2.23 mmHg (P < .001, ηp² = 0.395) compared with both IR2 and IM2. A significant Condition × Group interaction (P = .023) indicated that the MAP reduction was confined to prehypertensive participants (MD = −3.14 mmHg, P = .003). During exercise, IR5 increased ΔtHb by MD = 1.56 μmol/L (ηp² = 0.606) and mitigated the decline in ΔTSI by MD = 2.98 % (ηp² = 0.716) without altering ΔHHb. In contrast, IR2 and IM2 elicited similar occlusion-phase deoxygenation but did not modify exercise hemodynamics or oxygenation metrics.

Conclusion

IR5 effectively lowers SBP and MAP during submaximal exercise and improves muscle oxygenation. It is a safe, non-pharmacological pre-exercise strategy to manage blood pressure and potentially reduce cardiovascular risk.

目的研究与2分钟缺血（IR2）或2分钟等距启动（IM2）相比，5分钟缺血预处理（IR5）是否能更有效地降低亚极限运动血压和改善肌肉氧合。方法20例未经训练的男性（高血压前期10例，血压正常10例）按随机顺序完成IR5 （3 × 5分钟双侧肢体阻断220 mmHg）、IR2 （3 × 2分钟双侧肢体阻断）和IM2 （3 × 2分钟30%最大自主收缩等距膝关节伸展），然后进行次最大运动试验。结果是运动心率（HR）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、平均动脉压（MAP）和股外侧肌氧合，包括Δdeoxyhemoglobin （ΔHHb）、Δtotal血红蛋白（ΔtHb）和Δtissue饱和指数（ΔTSI）。结果与IR2和IM2相比，sir5显著降低了亚极大血压反应，降低收缩压的平均差(MD) = - 2.23 mmHg （P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.395）。显著的条件与组间相互作用（P = 0.023）表明MAP降低仅限于高血压前期参与者（MD = - 3.14 mmHg, P = 0.003）。运动时IR5增加ΔtHb的幅度为MD = 1.56 μmol/L (ηp2 = 0.606)，在不改变ΔHHb的情况下，IR5减轻ΔTSI的幅度为MD = 2.98% （ηp2 = 0.716）。相比之下，IR2和IM2引起类似的闭塞期脱氧，但没有改变运动血流动力学或氧合指标。结论ir5能有效降低次大运动时收缩压和MAP，改善肌肉氧合。这是一种安全的、非药物的运动前策略，可以控制血压并潜在地降低心血管风险。

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引用次数: 0

One decade of school environment monitoring and its influence on providing adequate opportunities for engaging in physical activity from the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 to 4.0 从积极健康儿童全球联盟全球矩阵1.0到4.0的十年学校环境监测及其对提供充分参与体育活动机会的影响

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.10.007

Vedrana Sember , Gregor Jurak , Gregor Starc , Marjeta Kovač , Farid Bardid , Shawnda A. Morrison

Background

The Global Matrix is an international initiative that monitors 10 indicators of health-related behaviours and sources of influence on child physical activity (PA) including within the school environment. This study examined global secular trends for the School indicator across Global Matrices 1.0 to 4.0, including its underlying benchmark evidence and socioeconomic indicators across the diverse global regions of participating jurisdictions.

Methods

School indicator and benchmarking data for each country were compiled for every Global Matrix edition from peer-reviewed and online resources. Benchmark scoring distributions, secular trends and socioeconomic indicators were synthesised to determine the variety and utility of each benchmark by region for report cards published from 2014 to 2024. Bivariate correlations were conducted within-edition between socioeconomic data and School indicator final scores.

Results

To date, >68 countries/jurisdictions have participated in at least one Global Matrix. Disparity in School indicator grades were apparent (range: A to F), irrespective of regional gross domestic product. The most common benchmark cited was “percent of schools where the majority (≥80 %) are offered the mandated amount of physical education (PE)”. Final grades were significantly associated to a country's GINI score (a measure of income inequality distribution; τ values = 0.274 to 0.572, p values= <0.001 to 0.030).

Conclusion

The School indicator is widely used across regions, and despite differences in countries’ socioeconomic development, its grading has remained balanced through its consistent use of key benchmarks, especially those reflecting a required amount of PE, and access to facilities and equipment. Countries with greater income equality tended to be graded higher on the School indicator than those exhibiting less income equality.

全球矩阵是一项国际倡议，监测与健康有关的10项行为指标和影响儿童身体活动的来源，包括在学校环境中。本研究考察了全球矩阵1.0至4.0中学校指标的全球长期趋势，包括其基本基准证据和参与司法管辖区不同全球地区的社会经济指标。方法根据同行评议和在线资源，为每一期《全球矩阵》编制各国学校指标和基准数据。基准得分分布、长期趋势和社会经济指标被综合起来，以确定2014年至2024年发布的报告卡中每个地区基准的多样性和效用。在社会经济数据和学校指标最终得分之间进行了版本内的双变量相关性。结果迄今为止，已有68个国家/司法管辖区参与了至少一个全球矩阵。无论地区国内生产总值（gdp）如何，学校指标评分的差异都很明显（范围：A至F）。最常见的基准是“大多数学校（≥80%）提供规定数量的体育教育（PE）的百分比”。最终成绩与一个国家的GINI分数（衡量收入不平等分配的指标；τ值= 0.274至0.572，p值= <；0.001至0.030）显著相关。学校指标在各地区广泛使用，尽管各国的社会经济发展存在差异，但通过一致使用关键基准，特别是反映所需体育锻炼数量和设施和设备使用情况的基准，其评分保持平衡。收入更平等的国家往往比收入不平等的国家在学校指标上得分更高。

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引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of hard court slide braking technique and influencing factors in elite college tennis players 高校优秀网球运动员硬地滑轨制动技术的有效性及其影响因素

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.08.004

Yutian Ji , Tianhao Gao , Wentao Zhang , Ruichao Zhang , Yifan Wang , Liya Xu , Xinyu Wang , Xu Wen

Objective

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hard court slide braking technique of elite college tennis players and to analyze the factors that influence the use of hard court slide braking technique.

Methods

A total of 100 elite tennis players (58 males and 42 females) participated in tests involving hard court hit-to-return and Forcedecks Dual Force Plates System-based physical function. Independent samples t-tests, paired samples t-tests and binary logistic regression were employed in data analysis.

Results

The use of slide braking technique on hard courts, compared to traditional methods, led to a 10 % reduction in time for short-distance shots and a 7 % reduction for long-distance shots (p < 0.001). Athletes skilled in the hard court slide braking technique completed the movement faster when they employed traditional braking technique than those who are unskilled in the hard court slide braking technique (p < 0.001). Key factors that significantly influenced the use of slide braking technique included years of training, left hip abduction, 10-m sprint speed, braking leg reactive strength index (RSI), ground reaction force on the braking leg and recovery balance time of the braking leg (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The findings offer new perspectives into tennis-specific physical training, assisting more tennis players in enhancing their athletic skills effectively.

目的评价高校优秀网球运动员硬地滑块制动技术的使用效果，分析影响硬地滑块制动技术使用的因素。方法对100名优秀网球运动员（男58名，女42名）进行硬地击球回球和基于forcedeck双力板系统的身体机能测试。数据分析采用独立样本t检验、配对样本t检验和二元logistic回归。结果在硬地球场使用滑块制动技术，与传统方法相比，导致近距离击球时间减少10%，远距离击球时间减少7% （p < 0.001）。熟练硬地滑行制动技术的运动员在使用传统制动技术时完成动作的速度比不熟练硬地滑行制动技术的运动员快（p < 0.001）。影响滑梯制动技术使用的关键因素包括训练年限、左髋关节外展、10米冲刺速度、制动腿反应强度指数（RSI）、制动腿地面反作用力和制动腿恢复平衡时间（p < 0.05）。结论本研究为网球专项体能训练提供了新的视角，有助于更多网球运动员有效提高运动技能。

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引用次数: 0

Sex-stratified compositional analysis of 24-h movement behaviors and their relationship with selective attention and cognitive flexibility in socioeconomically vulnerable children 社会经济弱势儿童24小时运动行为的性别分层组成分析及其与选择性注意和认知灵活性的关系

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.10.006

Jacinto Muñoz-Pardeza , Óscar Martínez-de-Quel , Unai Azcarate , Adrià Muntaner-Mas , Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda , Juan Hurtado-Almonacid , Ignacio Hormazábal-Aguayo , Antonio García-Hermoso , Yasmin Ezzatvar

Introduction

The 24-h movement behavior framework, which integrates physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep, acknowledges the co-dependent nature of time-use behaviors within a finite day. While these behaviors have been linked to cognitive performance in children, few studies have applied compositional data analysis (CoDA), and none have examined potential sex differences.

Objective

To explore sex-specific associations between 24-h movement behavior compositions and selective attention and cognitive flexibility in a sample of socioeconomically vulnerable Chilean children using CoDA.

Methods

Baseline data from 161 children (8–10 years old) participating in the Active-Start trial were analyzed. Movement behaviors were assessed via 9-day wrist-worn accelerometers. Selective attention was assessed using the d2 Test of Attention, and cognitive flexibility was measured with the Design Fluency Test.

Results

Boys accumulated more moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA; 83.5 [57.6–109.7] min) than girls (67.7 [52.3–78.1] min), whereas girls engaged in more light PA (219.9 ± 37.7 min) than boys (205.7 ± 38.1 min; P < 0.05). Among boys, reallocating daily time to MVPA at the expense of other behaviors was associated with increased processing speed (unstandardized-beta [B] = 53.501, 95 %confidence-interval [CI] 14.393; 92.609, P = 0.008) and concentration (B = 25.099, 95 %CI 4.816; 45.382, P = 0.016), as well as cognitive flexibility (B = 5.913, 95 %CI 1.995; 9.832, P = 0.004). No significant associations were observed in girls (P > 0.05). A non-significant association was observed linking sedentary behavior with cognitive performance in both sexes.

Conclusion

These findings highlight potential sex-specific benefits of MVPA and support the use of CoDA in understanding how daily time use relates to cognitive performance in children.

24小时运动行为框架整合了身体活动（PA）、久坐行为和睡眠，承认在有限的一天内时间使用行为的相互依赖性质。虽然这些行为与儿童的认知表现有关，但很少有研究应用成分数据分析（CoDA），也没有研究潜在的性别差异。目的探讨智利社会经济弱势儿童24小时运动行为构成与选择性注意和认知灵活性的性别相关性。方法对参与Active-Start试验的161名儿童（8-10岁）的基线数据进行分析。通过9天的腕带加速度计评估运动行为。使用d2注意力测试评估选择性注意力，使用设计流畅性测试测量认知灵活性。结果男孩累积的中重度PA （MVPA; 83.5 [57.6-109.7] min）多于女孩（67.7 [52.3-78.1]min），而女孩累积的轻度PA（219.9±37.7 min）多于男孩（205.7±38.1 min; P < 0.05）。在男孩中，以牺牲其他行为为代价将日常时间重新分配给MVPA与处理速度（非标准化贝塔系数[B] = 53.501, 95%置信区间[CI] 14.393; 92.609, P = 0.008）和注意力（B = 25.099, 95% CI 4.816; 45.382, P = 0.016）以及认知灵活性（B = 5.913, 95% CI 1.995; 9.832, P = 0.004）相关。在女孩中未观察到显著相关性（P > 0.05）。研究发现，在两性中，久坐行为与认知能力之间并无显著关联。结论：这些发现突出了MVPA潜在的性别特异性益处，并支持使用CoDA来理解儿童日常时间使用与认知表现的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Motor proficiency as a predictor of physical activity and sedentary behavior in young adults: Insights from accelerometer-derived and self-reported measures 运动熟练程度作为年轻人身体活动和久坐行为的预测因素：来自加速度计和自我报告测量的见解

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.007

Jane Jie Yu , Ting-zhou Jin , Jia Yi Chow

Objectives

To determine the associations of motor proficiency (MP) with physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in young adults who are facing elevated risks of physical inactivity and underdeveloped motor competence nowadays.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional design, 103 university students aged 18–21 years were recruited in China for this study. MP was assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (2nd Edition). The time spent in PA (light PA [LPA] and moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) and SB were measured using both ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometers (worn for 7 consecutive days) and the Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. PA and SB were compared by different MP levels (i.e., below average [MP-below] and at or above average [MP-above]) and gender. The associations of MP with accelerometer-derived and self-reported PA and SB outcomes and the agreement between the two measures were further ascertained.

Results

Out of the 100 participants with valid data for analyses (73 females, 27 males; mean aged 19.76 ± 1.06 years), the MP-above group engaged significantly more in PA and less in SB than the MP-below group. Males performed significantly better than females on MP and spent less time on LPA (both p < .05). After adjusting for confounders, MP was a significant predictor of both total PA (p < .05) and sedentary time (p < .05) regardless of measurement modalities.

Conclusions

MP is an independent predictor of PA and SB in university students, with males performing better in MP than their female peers. Developing effective and tailored programs that improve MP is important when promoting PA and health among young adults, particularly those with poor MP and females.

目的探讨运动能力低下和缺乏运动能力的青年人运动能力（MP）与身体活动（PA）和久坐行为（SB）的关系。方法采用横断面设计，在中国招募了103名年龄在18-21岁的大学生。MP采用bruinink - oseretsky运动能力测验（第二版）进行评估。使用ActiGraph GT3X +加速度计（连续佩戴7天）和中文版《国际体育活动问卷-短表》测量PA（轻度PA [LPA]和中高强度PA [MVPA]）和SB的时间。PA和SB按不同的MP水平（即低于平均水平[MP-below]和等于或高于平均水平[MP-above]）和性别进行比较。MP与加速度计衍生和自我报告的PA和SB结果的关联以及两种测量方法之间的一致性被进一步确定。结果在100名具有有效分析数据的参与者中(女性73人，男性27人；平均（19.76±1.06）岁)，p - p以上组PA明显多于p - p以下组，SB明显少于p - p以下组。男性在MP上的表现明显优于女性，在LPA上花费的时间更少(p <；. 05)。在调整混杂因素后，MP是总PA (p <；0.05)和久坐时间(p <；.05)，与测量方式无关。结论smp是大学生PA和SB的独立预测因子，男性在MP方面的表现优于女性。制定有效和有针对性的方案来改善初级保健，在促进初级保健和年轻人健康方面是很重要的，特别是那些初级保健较差的人和女性。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of aerobic exercise on memory functions and serum levels of BDNF and TrkB in young adult and older adult male football players 有氧运动对青年和老年男性足球运动员记忆功能及血清BDNF和TrkB水平的影响

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.100385

Naseh Jahani , Vahid Valipour Dehnou , Rasoul Eslami , Daniel Gahreman

Background/Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on verbal memory (VM) and non-verbal memory (NVM) functions as well as BDNF and TrkB serum levels in young and older adult male football players.

Methods

Twenty-nine male football players voluntarily participated in this study and were divided into two age groups: G1 (young; 19–30 years old, n = 15, football experience 10.6 ± 2.79 years) and G2 (older; 46–71 years old, n = 14, football experience 35.78 ± 9.48 years). Serum BDNF and TrkB levels and performance on the VM and NVM tests were measured before and after a 60-min aerobic exercise session. A 2 (Time) x 2 (Group) mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA test was used to detect the effects of exercise and age differences.

Results

There was a statistically significant time × group interaction of age and exercise on BDNF and TrkB levels (p < 0.01, p < 0.001; respectively). However, this interaction was not observed for VM and NVM (p = 0.751, p = 0.869; respectively). There was also a significant effect of the group on BDNF, TrkB, and NVM (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.01; respectively), whereas there was not a significant effect on VM (p = 0.094). Furthermore, there was a significant effect of time on BDNF, TrkB, and VM (p < 0.001, for all); but not on NVM (p = 0.110).

Conclusion

Regular football training participation can maintain BDNF levels as a neurotrophin that can improve cognitive functions. Likewise, this neurotrophin and its receptor's response to aerobic exercise in old age suggests the effectiveness of exercise as a preventive strategy against age-related memory loss and neurodegeneration.

背景/目的探讨有氧运动对青年和老年成年男子足球运动员言语记忆（VM）和非言语记忆（NVM）功能及血清BDNF和TrkB水平的影响。方法29名男性足球运动员自愿参加本研究，并将其分为两个年龄组：G1(年轻；19-30岁，n = 15，足球经历10.6±2.79年),G2(年龄较大；46-71岁，n = 14，足球经验35.78±9.48年)。在60分钟有氧运动之前和之后测量血清BDNF和TrkB水平以及VM和NVM测试的表现。采用2（时间）× 2（组）混合模型重复测量方差分析检验运动和年龄差异的影响。结果年龄和运动对BDNF和TrkB水平的时间×组交互作用有统计学意义(p <；0.01, p <；0.001;分别)。然而，VM和NVM没有观察到这种相互作用(p = 0.751, p = 0.869；分别)。该组对BDNF、TrkB和NVM也有显著影响(p <；0.001, p <；0.001, p <；0.01;对VM无显著影响（p = 0.094）。此外，时间对BDNF、TrkB和VM有显著影响(p <；0.001，所有)；但在NVM上没有（p = 0.110）。结论定期参加足球训练可维持BDNF水平，作为一种神经营养因子，可改善认知功能。同样，这种神经营养因子及其受体对老年有氧运动的反应表明，运动作为一种预防与年龄相关的记忆丧失和神经变性的有效策略。

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引用次数: 0